Latest / SHULCHAN ARUCH YOMI: Own the Halacha in 25 minutes a day! / Yoreh De’ah 203:1-7. Vows: Introduction, Nedarim, Praiseworthy or Disgraceful

Transcript

Yoreh De’ah 203:1-7. Vows: Introduction, Nedarim, Praiseworthy or Disgraceful · SHULCHAN ARUCH YOMI: Own the Halacha in 25 minutes a day!

• 0:00
  OK, good morning. We are happy Hanukkah last day,
• 0:02
  we are continuing actual continuing in your idea.
• 0:06
  We are starting brand new topic Resh Gimel is Helkos Nidarium.
• 0:13
  Nidarium OK, now why is it here Helkos Nidarium?
• 0:18
  Well, it's shy to the whole the whole volume, the whole section
• 0:24
  of issurim. So that's why it applies over
• 0:27
  here too. Interesting by Mishnayos
• 0:31
  Nedarium is in Seder Nashim or Isurium is a little bit spread
• 0:37
  out in the Mishnayos. So it's not it's completely
• 0:40
  different division Sholkhanarov was versus Mishnayos and there
• 0:48
  it's a nashim. Why?
• 0:49
  Because a major emphasis in the Hamish about Nadarian is about
• 0:56
  women and can the husband undo it?
• 0:58
  So that's that's why it's brought down over there.
• 1:01
  That's the way the Maharshian point out.
• 1:04
  And so I'll just point out, people often ask why does the
• 1:07
  Sholkhanaric put this over here and not somewhere else?
• 1:10
  So I'm just going to point out that no one can ever have any
• 1:14
  Tainas on raviols of Caro, who author the Sholkhanaric, because
• 1:17
  he's just following his Ravi. I don't I don't mean that
• 1:23
  literally, but well, he's safer. He's following the safer of the
• 1:27
  Arbaturim, right, The tour, the son of the rush.
• 1:32
  So it's the question is always going to be why did the tour do
• 1:37
  this, not Rev Joseph Karl? OK, so we basically more or less
• 1:42
  answered and it follows like in Mishnaeus, it's in Nashim.
• 1:46
  Well, we just finished Nida and Nikvos and certainly it's a
• 1:49
  little bit it's appropriate. Certainly it's very well
• 1:53
  appropriate. Now just a very short
• 1:55
  introduction to Nadarim in general.
• 2:00
  So a little shout out to Ramosha pointed out, why don't I mention
• 2:04
  the pasuk in bracious because there it talks about a Kurish
• 2:08
  Barhu. When he creates man, he creates
• 2:10
  him and he blows into him. Nishmat Khayim, he gives us an
• 2:14
  Anishama. I'm not going to get into all
• 2:16
  the different levels of Nishama Shama Khule, but really a little
• 2:24
  bit more shot oriented, a little more right here.
• 2:27
  And then the pasta continues after we get the Neshama, right?
• 2:31
  Hashama creates all the animals and everything that's living,
• 2:34
  right? We know the famous, not only the
• 2:39
  Kuzari is very famous for it, but right, everything in the
• 2:42
  world has different levels. Everything in existence has
• 2:48
  enough ish of some sort because that's what gives us kiyos and
• 2:51
  gives us life, allows us to exist.
• 2:54
  Just you have different levels, you have stone, you have plants,
• 2:57
  you have animals, you have guayam and then you get juice.
• 3:02
  But anyways, mankind Vahiya Adam, when Nephesh Khaya and
• 3:07
  mankind now becomes or receives, becomes elevated to a Nephesh
• 3:15
  Khaya. So as Targum translates le
• 3:19
  nefesh Kaya and he writes Li Rua MI Malala, and he's able to have
• 3:25
  the KOA of dibor. Dibor comes with a higher
• 3:30
  intellect. Rashi really says daya and
• 3:32
  dibor. It's really both, but I'm
• 3:35
  assuming they're saying the same thing.
• 3:39
  But anyway, so we see, and when you come with Dibor also comes a
• 3:47
  certain KOA of Kadusha and the Shamma, you know, with what we
• 3:52
  say. So having said that, we know the
• 3:55
  sukim mentioned numerous places, how it's so important to be
• 4:01
  careful with how you use your word and the sukim.
• 4:06
  I'll just quote a couple quick Sukim 1 is from Bamidbar and
• 4:10
  Lamad Pasagimo ish kiidor neder lashem.
• 4:14
  You're going to make a neder. So then keho how you would say
• 4:17
  MI peev? Yeah, I said one must do exactly
• 4:20
  as he says Mozandvarium kafkilmel kaftal.
• 4:23
  It says mozas Fatah ka tishmore via asita ka share nidarta.
• 4:29
  So you have to do fulfill whatever comes out of your
• 4:32
  mouth, what you say you have to do.
• 4:34
  And then by midwar back there, it says LO yahel devaro.
• 4:38
  You can't profane your your word.
• 4:43
  We also know it says mitwar shakur tirhak, the khule.
• 4:49
  So anyways there are, there is a mitzvah, I say, of saying and
• 4:55
  being a kayim shvua or another. And there's also a lotas say
• 5:02
  with malchus if you violate it. So it's something very severe
• 5:06
  and obviously Dibor has many aspects and the one that we're
• 5:11
  going to focus on now is Nadarim and Shivoz.
• 5:16
  Now I'll just say I'll recommend opening up the beginning, at
• 5:22
  least the very beginning of in the Rambam, Helkos Nadarim and
• 5:28
  Helkos Shivoz and Kamal Harambe. There's no one who, no offense,
• 5:34
  there's the shalkhanara. He's just a Kitzer.
• 5:36
  It's a summary, it's a footnotes, but to understand
• 5:40
  halachas, the framework, to understand, you know, basics of
• 5:44
  what's going on, there's nothing like the Rambam.
• 5:47
  And that's why in the sheer of Shalkhonara, it needs so much
• 5:52
  explanation. The Rambam doesn't, I mean, you
• 5:54
  can, there's so much more to delve into the Rambam, but the
• 5:58
  shot of the Rambam is, is, is tremendous by itself.
• 6:01
  The Shalkhonara needs a lot of beer, hence the Mishnagura and
• 6:05
  others. OK, Shaktas Vakule.
• 6:09
  So let's just get back to our point.
• 6:11
  The it's I think we're going to see this as we go along, but it
• 6:16
  helps to just have a short intro and we're halfway through.
• 6:20
  Don't worry. What's now when a person is
• 6:24
  Neda. OK, so there's a cut two types
• 6:26
  of nadarium. The point the Rambam points out,
• 6:30
  generally speaking, a the the part that we're going to be
• 6:33
  learning about now is a person is making a nether, which
• 6:40
  generally is obligating himself to do something, but if it's a
• 6:45
  nether, it's generally making something usser for him.
• 6:48
  That's really what it is. So it depends how it's worded
• 6:55
  and just to compare a shivua to a neder.
• 6:59
  Generally we're talking about a shivua vitoy versus a neder to
• 7:05
  ulcer to prohibit something for him lessor al atsman.
• 7:11
  So what's the difference between the the Khamesh has shivua and
• 7:16
  it has a neder? What is now?
• 7:19
  There's many types of shivuas, at least four depending how you
• 7:23
  want to categorize it. We're not going to get into all
• 7:25
  of shavuas right now, but what we are going to do is I just
• 7:31
  want to compare what's the difference between a shavua of
• 7:35
  not doing something or doing something versus a neder.
• 7:39
  So a shavua by generally, this is the general definition.
• 7:44
  I'm not saying there's no exceptions or blurry areas, Gray
• 7:47
  areas, but generally speaking, a shavua is on the Gavra.
• 7:51
  A person makes a shivua on himself to do something or not
• 7:56
  to do something. That's a shivua, not another.
• 7:59
  If a person is going to take an item, a Heifetz, then then and
• 8:05
  he says this is usser to me. So then that's a nether.
• 8:09
  So again, a shivua in real short, a shivua, right?
• 8:12
  We're talking about doing something or not doing
• 8:16
  something. A shrewa goes on a the gavra,
• 8:20
  the person and the neder goes on the hefsa, the item.
• 8:24
  Now I don't want to get confused, but there's a whole
• 8:28
  nother category, right? And this is also for everything
• 8:31
  is derisa level. And there's a whole nother
• 8:34
  category of nidre hectish or a neder to bring a korban.
• 8:40
  So again, that Neder is primarily going on an item of
• 8:47
  bringing a korban, right, It's or hectish making something
• 8:52
  hectish to bring us a korban that's called nidre hectish.
• 8:55
  So in a sense it is going on the Heifetz because it's to bring a
• 9:00
  korban. However, it is a little bit
• 9:02
  different. So I don't want to get confused.
• 9:04
  It's a little bit of a different category.
• 9:07
  Nidre, I'm going to, so I'm going to get there.
• 9:12
  So what we're discussing in the Sholkhanar over here, as well as
• 9:18
  the Rambam and Helkos Nadarian is Shvua and Nader to make
• 9:23
  something usser. What we're not going to discuss
• 9:26
  over here is a whole different category of Nadarian, which is
• 9:31
  on again, we said on carbonos. Now, when you make a when you
• 9:37
  make a Nader to bring a korban to bring the hefez, there's two
• 9:42
  different ways to make that Ned there.
• 9:43
  So I just not to get confused, I'll just spell it out real
• 9:46
  quick and then we'll move on. You can make a Ned there to
• 9:50
  bring the korban and say it's and say it's harezzo.
• 9:54
  It's on the particular animal that's called a a nedava.
• 10:01
  What's the difference when the khamesh says and then when you
• 10:04
  bring the korban, sometimes it's an nadava, sometimes it's a
• 10:08
  Nader. So what's the difference over
• 10:10
  there? And take a subcategory of nadar
• 10:13
  and nadava is if it goes on the Bahama, that's 4 letters.
• 10:18
  If it helps you to remember nadava Bahama, it goes on the
• 10:22
  hefta over there. So therefore if something
• 10:25
  happens to it, you're to that particular animal, you're not
• 10:28
  responsible. That's, that's but the
• 10:31
  difference of a but when you say hurry a lie to bring a corban,
• 10:37
  so then the responsibility is on the person on the Gavra, it's
• 10:42
  it's a little bit inverted or a little bit switched.
• 10:46
  But again, it's a subcategory of nadarim of to bring a corban.
• 10:51
  So it's, it's functioning in two different ways.
• 10:55
  But it's true, it's a little bit of a flip for our purposes, what
• 10:58
  we're learning over here. Shivua goes on the Gavra and
• 11:01
  then Neder goes on the hepza. When it comes to the korban,
• 11:05
  then Nedava goes on the hepza and the Neder goes on the Gavra.
• 11:08
  You when you say hurry, Alai. And that's just the technicality
• 11:11
  of the Gabe Ahrias to be responsible for it.
• 11:17
  I'll, I'll just throw it out as a, as a 1/3 category nidre
• 11:21
  mitzvah to do a mitzvah and neder to give sedaka tainis the
• 11:25
  hule bahule. So that's another category of
• 11:28
  nidari. And there I've heard from Ralph
• 11:30
  Weiner that as far as he knows, most hold it's nidari to do a
• 11:35
  mitzvah is only midora banan. But the Qassam sofa, he says,
• 11:39
  calls it a, that it's actually a nidre mitzvah arda raisa.
• 11:44
  So I am chum. Or look into it.
• 11:47
  We'll see. OK, let's start reading the
• 11:50
  sholkhanara inside, OK? Simon reishkimel aizo nidarim
• 11:58
  meshubahim vezoheim nakunim. Which nidarim vows are
• 12:03
  praiseworthy and which ones are disgraceful or unfavorable?
• 12:09
  OK, Olive al tahira gilba nidarim 1 should not be casual
• 12:16
  or easily often say in a darn why to make a vow.
• 12:21
  Cole hanoder afafish mikaimo nikra Russia the nikra hote
• 12:27
  because hazal say, and it's true, the Torah gave us
• 12:32
  permission to add extra issurium on ourselves.
• 12:37
  The Torah gave us 613 commandments.
• 12:40
  Obviously we have much more darabana to help us fulfill the
• 12:45
  darisas, to help us fill the spirit of the Torah.
• 12:50
  So we have more, right? Hanukkah, we just had another
• 12:52
  mitzvah darabanan of lighting candles and saying hollow to
• 12:58
  mitzvahs darabanan. So we have extra mitzvahs
• 13:01
  darabanan also fine. But beyond that, the Torah gave
• 13:06
  us permission, an ability to create extra issurim.
• 13:13
  However, Hazal say in general, anyone who makes an extra neder
• 13:19
  to prohibit something on to him to create an extra isser.
• 13:23
  So he's a rasha and Echo is a wicked and he's a Sinner.
• 13:27
  Even if he makayam, he fulfills his neder because Hazal said
• 13:32
  it's actually not a good thing. A couple reasons.
• 13:37
  So does it say it here? Yeah.
• 13:40
  Oh well, OK, it's the next EF alludes to it, but I'll just say
• 13:45
  it out. It's in the shock and the taz,
• 13:46
  because as soon as a person makes another in Shamayim, I
• 13:52
  don't know. Malachim, however it works.
• 13:54
  I don't know, but in Shamayim they open up a new book, a
• 13:59
  notepad of Shepotkin Pinchas Matzov on the doctor Kim Bahim.
• 14:04
  So then, but what they do is they open up his book of all of
• 14:08
  his, what he does, his mitzvahs and his his aveiros.
• 14:12
  And then they say, oh, let's see if he's going to be Makayam, his
• 14:17
  neder. I think they I don't know how
• 14:20
  you want to understand it. Perhaps they add another another
• 14:25
  line in his book of something he must be Makayam.
• 14:29
  And if not so they're like, no, because you, you created another
• 14:35
  mitzvah for yourself in Shamayam or in Isser, now wakes them up
• 14:40
  and now they're looking at you and they're seeing if you're
• 14:43
  going to do it. Therefore you get scrutinized
• 14:48
  even more and you have more chances of failure, of getting
• 14:52
  punished. And it creates a filth and a
• 14:58
  barrier between you and a Kurish barkhu.
• 15:01
  You're an Ashama and the orkadosh of a Kadosh barko, so
• 15:06
  it's not a good thing. The TAAS explains a little more.
• 15:10
  Even if you're Makayan, it's a problem because as soon as you
• 15:15
  made the nether, you should have now gone out of your way to to
• 15:19
  baised into your rub and do Ataris Nadarim because having a
• 15:24
  nether is not OK. Keeping the nether is not OK, so
• 15:29
  you should have gotten rid of the nether neder even before you
• 15:33
  were makai in the Nether. OK days ether Adam nidro
• 15:39
  pincasso and iftahat. So the Shokhanarak writes.
• 15:41
  If you start delaying so then your pincas is open.
• 15:46
  This notebook is open all right, Different levels in Shamayan,
• 15:51
  right? There's nothing physical there.
• 15:52
  Fine Gimel hano there Kilu bana Bama bishad isser habamot the
• 15:58
  makaimokihikrev alea korban. OK, so a person the Khazal also
• 16:04
  say another meimer Khazal the Shokanar quotes that a person
• 16:09
  who makes another It says if right, he vows to do something
• 16:14
  or something's user for him. It says if he builds a Obama an
• 16:20
  altar even in the time when it's user to have Bamos right then
• 16:25
  you have a an altar in your backyard.
• 16:27
  Nowadays it's user when there was no base on Migdash, when
• 16:31
  there was a Mishkan and there was no Mishkan in those days.
• 16:34
  So then there was a Hector Bamos.
• 16:36
  But now, so it's as if a person it's usser to have an individual
• 16:42
  altar in your backyard and you did it.
• 16:45
  And even if you're a Makayam, and even if you're a Makayam,
• 16:48
  it's as if you brought a Corben, you brought a carbon to a
• 16:52
  Kurdish barko, but you did it your way in the way that a
• 16:55
  Kurdish barko specifically told us not to do.
• 16:59
  So that's not a good thing, right?
• 17:01
  You want to do a favor for somebody, you have to do it in a
• 17:03
  way that he's going to receive it as a favor, not in a way that
• 17:08
  is good for you, but not good for him.
• 17:10
  That's not a favor Shatovio tereshiyisha al nidro.
• 17:14
  It's much better for you after you make not to make a neder,
• 17:17
  but if you did, then you should ask on it to undo it to do
• 17:21
  ataris nadarian that well, which we will get to those halakhas
• 17:24
  later. The hani Emilia Bisha are
• 17:26
  nadarian. So this is in general, however,
• 17:30
  of all nidre hectis mitzvah of caiman.
• 17:33
  But if you're going to make a neder to of doing a mitzvah to
• 17:38
  bring carbonos, so then it's a mitzvah to be makayam that that
• 17:45
  nether the lo yeesha alayhim alamidouhak.
• 17:49
  And you should not ask to undo it unless it's necessary, unless
• 17:54
  you need to making it to start with.
• 17:58
  We will let's finish reading. Perhaps it'll be
• 18:00
  self-explanatory. Haggah, the Hein IM Nishba al
• 18:05
  azadavar lo yeesha al Allah alamidouhak.
• 18:08
  Any time you swear to do something.
• 18:12
  Yeah, I think it means that shuwa to do something good, then
• 18:16
  you shouldn't undo it. Unless it's me.
• 18:19
  Doha. Assuming he's talking about a
• 18:21
  mitzvah, A shuwa. OK, no.
• 18:23
  Shuwa's all different. If you look in the Taz Taz
• 18:26
  quotes the Mordecai who says that the reason is because
• 18:30
  according to the Gahonim, there are some opinions who say a
• 18:35
  shuwa cannot have a hatara. You can do ataris nadarim on a
• 18:41
  nadir. Everybody agrees, but not
• 18:43
  everybody agrees that you there is a concept of ataris nadarim
• 18:47
  on a shuwa. So he says a shuwa since it
• 18:50
  might you could be you can't undo it.
• 18:52
  So once you make it already, he says try and be Macaim it unless
• 18:59
  you unless you think you're going to fail.
• 19:01
  So then you should also do ataris nadarim.
• 19:03
  Fine, let's go to Dalid. Sorry, lizar shalayudar yadur
• 19:08
  shum davar vafil sidaka aintov lidor.
• 19:13
  Now, first of all, he says a person should not make another
• 19:17
  on anything, even for a mitzvah, even for sidaka Allahim
• 19:22
  yashnoviado yiten miyad. If you have money in your
• 19:26
  pocket, you have money in your bank account, and you want to
• 19:29
  give sidaka, don't make another. Give it right now the IMLAB
• 19:33
  Loyidor Achiello and if and if you don't have it right now,
• 19:39
  then you don't have it right now.
• 19:40
  Don't make a nether. You can say blee nether.
• 19:43
  You can say I will try, but do not make an actual nether to do
• 19:48
  so. If you don't have it and if you
• 19:49
  have it, just give it, Don't make again.
• 19:52
  There's no good reason to make a nether.
• 19:53
  Maybe an appeal on Chavez. I don't yontiff, I don't know.
• 19:56
  So then maybe it's a good idea, I don't know.
• 20:00
  Post game sidaka with sorry Livsok Ibrahim Omar buli neder.
• 20:05
  Now if like on Shabbos you should do it with the Lushan
• 20:10
  Buli neder. I have an ozarama farshim.
• 20:12
  I'll just point out I don't know what you have.
• 20:15
  He says you it's. It could also be considered a
• 20:18
  good thing to make a Nader if it's in order to encourage and
• 20:26
  get other guys to do A to do a mitzvah.
• 20:31
  He also quotes by shame. There are the buzz that it's in
• 20:36
  order to encourage his own yourself to do to give Sedaka.
• 20:41
  It could also be a good thing. So again, bottom line, it seems
• 20:45
  like if it's something for a mitzvah, sometimes for a mitzvah
• 20:50
  it's a good idea and sometimes it's not.
• 20:52
  Kind of depends what's your motivation and what's what's
• 20:56
  really necessary to make you and at the end to do it or get
• 21:00
  others to do it. But proceed with definite
• 21:04
  caution. Maybe Bleena, there's much
• 21:06
  better to say that, but if it's not for a mitzvah, so then for
• 21:11
  sure it's not a good idea. Hey, they ate Zara muttar
• 21:16
  leindor in a time of difficulty, they ate Zara.
• 21:19
  So then it's mutter because again, it's going to get you to
• 21:22
  to davin and to do more mitzvahs.
• 21:25
  We're talking about to do mitzvahs.
• 21:27
  OK, Vav Omar eshna Perez vyari shamaine yitrashel badavar the
• 21:34
  the yaray shama yitrashel badavar shariley and minder
• 21:39
  lizzzy nafshe. You got a person.
• 21:41
  It's OK to say I'm going to learn this.
• 21:43
  Take it upon yourself because you're afraid if you don't make
• 21:47
  yourself this nether, then you're going to fall behind and
• 21:50
  not do it. But make sure it's something
• 21:53
  that you know, you could be makaya vuhain imyare.
• 21:56
  She's kafu yitzer via for Ali's a mitzvah mitzvahs Lotas say
• 22:01
  you're afraid your yitzahara is going to get too strong for you
• 22:03
  and you are going to violate a love.
• 22:07
  So that or yitra show me kiyo mitzvahs.
• 22:09
  I say you're going to fall, you're going to be lazy and not
• 22:11
  do the mitzvah. So then mitzvah Li shava validor
• 22:15
  cadilozzari is atsuma. So then it's actually a mitzvah
• 22:18
  and a good thing to to make a Shiva or a nether for yourself
• 22:23
  to do it, Assuming it's going to help, of course.
• 22:28
  Right? You're playing with fire.
• 22:30
  OK, maybe we'll just read one last one.
• 22:33
  It's the same topic Zion Misha talking mass of a person who
• 22:38
  makes the nether, though in order to he does it in order to
• 22:45
  shame shaman basically for good reasons.
• 22:47
  Hareza zari Zumashuba and that's actually considered zealous and
• 22:51
  praiseworthy. Keitzad Mishaya zealot vasar
• 22:54
  atsuma basar Chanel Shana time person.
• 22:58
  Wow. He loves to eat meat and he
• 23:00
  makes a net another not to. He's a glutton and he makes
• 23:04
  another not to eat any meat for one or two years.
• 23:07
  Oshaya shoga behind or he's a drunkard and he just drinks all
• 23:11
  the time. Vyasarayana latsma Zaman maruba
• 23:14
  or he makes himself asar to drink wine for a long period of
• 23:17
  time. Asar asar olam or he says it's
• 23:20
  asar. I'm never going to drink
• 23:21
  whiskey, whatever, but hey Misha yarode shalmanim viniva lahone
• 23:26
  or he's chasing after money and the asar al atsma amtanote aniat
• 23:32
  anche medina's own. So he I'm about to note haniat
• 23:37
  anshe Medina zo And so he answers himself from benefiting
• 23:40
  from presents or certain pleasures from certain people
• 23:44
  and the nobleman rich people. The thing me shahaya midgayeb
• 23:49
  byovyev or a person is just swallowing and how beautiful he
• 23:53
  is and he's just always thinking about looks.
• 23:56
  So then vanader Benazir khayyotse benadarium kulam Derek
• 24:02
  of odala shame lashem. Hey, OK, so then if a person
• 24:06
  makes another and make himself like a nausea, let his hair grow
• 24:09
  long and whatever it is, I don't know, depends on the style.
• 24:12
  But anyways, you're making another in order to serve a
• 24:15
  kaddish parhu Haim nadarium elu Kyoto sebaham.
• 24:20
  So then all these type of vows, almukh hamim nadarium, sea of
• 24:23
  Lapricius making nadarium is actually a fence for making
• 24:28
  yourself from abstinence from bad things.
• 24:32
  The Alpha P Shahim avoda, and now even though it's an avoda
• 24:35
  took a sparkle lo yarby Adam benidre esser.
• 24:39
  Don't get carried away. Make sure it's very minimal and
• 24:42
  make sure you can obviously, you know, withstand it.
• 24:45
  It has you have to be realistic, but you are you'll outsmobahem
• 24:48
  and don't make it a regular thing to make nadarium Ali,
• 24:51
  you've rushmantvarium. Sure, I leave rushmantam below
• 24:53
  net there and stay away from it. It's it's in the Shah.
• 24:56
  Even though you cannot make a Shiva, he points out on a dovar
• 25:00
  mitzvah. It might be a good thing to say
• 25:02
  anyway, just to use RUSE NAFSHE to get yourself motivated.