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The Mad Gasser of Mattoon: Twelve Nights of Sweet Air · Midnight Signals: History, Folklore and Unexplained Mysteries

• 0:00
  [suspenseful music] Late on Friday, September 1st, 1944, a sweet smell entered a bedroom on Marshall Avenue. At first, Aline Kearney thought it might be flowers outside the window.
• 0:13
  The night was warm, and the window was open, but the odor kept gathering until it became heavier and more sickening, something closer to cheap perfume than anything growing in a garden. Then her throat tightened.
• 0:25
  The inside of her mouth went dry, and the strength left her legs. When she tried to move, she found that the lower half of her body would not obey.
• 0:35
  Her young daughter was in the house, along with a relative who called for help. By the time Aline's husband, Bert, arrived, the worst of the paralysis was already beginning to pass.
• 0:46
  Bert, however, claimed someone was standing outside near the same window through which the smell seemed to have entered. He described a tall, thin figure in dark clothing, wearing a tight cap pulled over his head.
• 0:59
  Bert ran after him, but the figure vanished into the night. Nothing was stolen from the Kearney home.
• 1:04
  No door had been forced, and the police found no weapon, chemical residue, or clear sign that an attacker had been there.
• 1:12
  All they had was a sweet odor, a woman who had temporarily lost the use of her legs, and the outline of a man disappearing between the houses.
• 1:21
  By the following evening, Mattoon had given him a name: the Anesthetic Prowler. Mattoon, Illinois, was a railroad and factory town of roughly seventeen thousand people.
• 1:32
  In September 1944, it was also a town deep inside a war. The morning papers carried reports from battlefields across Europe and the Pacific. Local families waited for letters from sons and husbands overseas.
• 1:46
  Factories had expanded for wartime production, and daily life had become shaped by rationing, casualty notices, and rumors of new weapons.
• 1:55
  Poison gas occupied a special place in that fear because it had defined the horror of the previous World War. During the second, governments prepared for the possibility that it might return.
• 2:06
  Gas masks appeared in news photographs, and civilians were taught that an attack might arrive without warning. You might not see the weapon.
• 2:14
  You might only smell something strange and realize too late that the air had changed. In Mattoon, that fear was about to acquire a body.
• 2:23
  The Kearney incident was the first to reach the front page, but it was not necessarily the first strange event. After Aline's story appeared, other residents came forward.
• 2:33
  The night before the Marshall Avenue report, a couple on Grant Avenue had awakened to an unfamiliar odor. The husband became nauseated and vomited.
• 2:43
  His wife tried to get out of bed to check the stove, but she said her legs had become temporarily useless. Another woman claimed that she and her children had grown ill after a sweet smell entered their home.
• 2:54
  A resident named Olive Brown said something similar had happened to her months earlier. These reports had not yet produced a phantom.
• 3:02
  A smell in one house might be plumbing, a stove, spoiled food, a passing train, or fumes from a factory. A numb leg might be poor circulation.
• 3:13
  Nausea might be illness, and a shadow outside a window might be a neighbor crossing the yard. Once the newspaper connected the smell, the paralysis, and the fleeing man, however, those separate details became a pattern.
• 3:26
  The headline also made a prediction without meaning to. "Mrs. Kearney and daughter first victims." The phrase suggested there would be others. For several nights, Mattoon waited.
• 3:38
  Residents closed their windows despite the heat, and some stayed awake in darkened rooms, listening for footsteps. Every barking dog became a warning, while every unfamiliar odor demanded an explanation.
• 3:51
  Then, on September fifth, the story gained something it had been missing: physical evidence.
• 3:57
  Beulah Cordes returned home with her husband and found several small objects near the porch, including a skeleton key and a folded piece of cloth.
• 4:06
  The cloth was damp, and when she lifted it and smelled it, the effect seemed immediate. According to the newspaper account, Cordes said it felt as though an electrical charge had passed through her body.
• 4:17
  She staggered, screamed, and became violently ill. Her mouth and throat burned, and for a time, she had difficulty moving. She was taken for medical attention and recovered within a few hours.
• 4:30
  To frightened residents, the meaning of the cloth seemed obvious. The prowler had left behind a rag soaked in his anesthetic.
• 4:38
  Perhaps he had dropped it, or perhaps it had been placed as bait where someone would be tempted to lift it and breathe in. The phantom now appeared to have made a mistake, so the cloth was sent for analysis. Richard T.
• 4:50
  Piper of the Illinois Criminal Investigation Laboratory came to Mattoon. The cloth was examined, but the laboratory found no clear trace of gas or another chemical agent. That did not end the investigation.
• 5:03
  Piper considered substances that might fit the reports and proposed chloropicrin as a possibility.
• 5:09
  It was a powerful irritant with uses as both a pesticide and a chemical weapon, but none was identified on the cloth, in the homes, or in the bodies of the people who said they had been attacked.
• 5:20
  The evidence had produced a chemical theory without producing a chemical. On September sixth, the reports multiplied across several neighborhoods.
• 5:29
  Residents described strange odors, nausea, weakness, and unusual sensations in their arms and legs. One witness also reported seeing a tall, thin man running from a yard.
• 5:42
  At the home of Frances and Maxine Smith, the details became even more elaborate. The sisters said a sweet odor entered their room, accompanied by something like a thin blue vapor.
• 5:53
  They also heard a buzzing sound outside as though a small motor or spraying device were operating near the window. The gasser was no longer simply opening a bottle or pressing a soaked rag against a screen.
• 6:05
  People could now hear his machine, and the shape of the legend became clearer with every retelling.
• 6:11
  A thin man in black moving silently from house to house, carrying a device resembling an insect sprayer and pumping clouds of anesthetic through open windows. The newspapers tracked the count.
• 6:22
  By September ninth, there were twenty-five alleged victims, and within twelve days, thirty-three people had reported smelling the mysterious gas. Not every call involved illness.
• 6:34
  Some residents saw figures crossing alleys, while others heard noises near their windows.
• 6:39
  Ordinary marks or objects began to seem suspicious once the Gasser had become the town's explanation for anything unusual after dark. Police responded to homes and searched yards, but they found no one.
• 6:51
  State officers joined them, patrols increased, and suspects were questioned and released. Investigators followed rumors involving pranksters, local eccentrics, and anyone thought to have access to chemicals.
• 7:03
  The list of possibilities grew because the evidence did not. Then the citizens began hunting for themselves. Cars filled with young men followed police vehicles from one report to the next.
• 7:14
  Armed groups moved slowly through residential streets, while homeowners waited behind curtains with shotguns and pistols within reach.
• 7:22
  One frightened woman accidentally fired a shotgun into her own wall while preparing for the intruder. The police now faced two threats. One was a prowler who might be poisoning people in their beds.
• 7:34
  The other was an entire town waiting to shoot the first stranger who crossed the wrong backyard. The police commissioner pleaded for the unofficial patrols to stop.
• 7:44
  Walking behind someone's house had become so dangerous, he said, that he would not do it for ten thousand dollars. The patrols continued anyway.
• 7:53
  There is a point in some legends when the original event becomes almost irrelevant because the story no longer requires another attack. It can sustain itself through expectation alone, and Mattoon had reached that point.
• 8:05
  The Gasser was outside every window because everyone was looking for him there. National reporters arrived. The case offered a strange break from the grim predictability of wartime news.
• 8:17
  A masked chemist, terrified families, armed posses, and a Midwestern city besieged by an enemy no one could catch. The names became more theatrical.
• 8:27
  He was called The Gas Fiend, The Thin Man of Mattoon, and The Mad Phantom. Time Magazine described the alleged attacker as a tall, thin man in a black skullcap carrying something like a household insect sprayer.
• 8:41
  Its article treated the town's terror with open amusement and noted how quickly some victims recovered once they began recounting every detail.
• 8:49
  That ridicule did not solve the case, but it changed the atmosphere around it. Mattoon had gone from frightened to famous, and now people beyond the city limits were laughing.
• 9:00
  Inside Mattoon, police were noticing problems with the reports. No officer had encountered the Gasser, no physician had identified a common poison, and no chemical had been recovered from a house.
• 9:12
  The alleged attacks were scattered across the city without a clear route or target. Descriptions of the odor also varied. Some called it sweet, while others compared it to perfume, insecticide, or industrial solvent.
• 9:26
  The symptoms were equally inconsistent. Some residents became nauseated or dizzy. Others reported throat irritation, weakness, or temporary paralysis.
• 9:37
  Recovery could occur within minutes or hours, often without lasting injury. Most sightings took place after the alarm had already begun.
• 9:46
  A person would smell something, raise a cry, and only then would someone outside be seen running toward or away from the commotion.
• 9:54
  Police began to wonder whether some of those supposed prowlers were merely curious neighbors arriving to investigate another supposed prowler. In a town hunting a shadow, anyone running could become that very shadow.
• 10:06
  On September tenth, the local paper reflected the change in official mood with the headline, "Many Prowler Reports, Few Real." The city asked residents to remain calm, and armed bands were told to disband.
• 10:20
  False alarms were consuming police resources, while the likelihood of someone being accidentally shot was becoming more immediate than the danger posed by the unseen chemist.
• 10:30
  Public health officials suggested that some residents might have encountered real odors and experienced genuine physical distress, while others, already frightened by the reports, interpreted ordinary sensations as signs of attack.
• 10:44
  It was an explanation that satisfied almost no one. To those who had felt their legs fail, it sounded like an accusation that they were lying. Yet fear does not require dishonesty.
• 10:55
  A person can be mistaken and still be terrified, and a symptom can have no identified poison behind it while remaining physically real. On September twelfth, Police Chief C.E.
• 11:06
  Cole offered a different suspect, not a man, but a factory. The Atlas Imperial Diesel Engine Company operated near the center of Mattoon and had expanded during the war.
• 11:18
  Cole suggested that industrial chemicals might have escaped from the plant and drifted across the city as the wind changed. Several solvents were discussed as possible sources of the sweet odors and sickness.
• 11:29
  The theory seemed to explain how the smell could appear in distant neighborhoods without a prowler traveling between them, and it gave the city something solid to blame. Atlas Imperial rejected the accusation.
• 11:42
  Company representatives said workers closest to the supposed source had not fallen ill, and a recent state inspection had not identified a dangerous condition. Cole's explanation weakened almost as soon as he gave it.
• 11:54
  No release was documented, and no path of contaminated air was reconstructed. Like the prowler theory, the factory theory had a plausible shape and an empty center. Then, the attacks stopped.
• 12:08
  There was no arrest, confession, or hidden laboratory. No sprayer was pulled from a river or found beneath a porch. On September thirteenth, the newspaper reported that gas calls had reached the vanishing point.
• 12:21
  Police received only two reports during the night, and both were considered false alarms.
• 12:26
  The Mad Gasser disappeared at almost the exact moment the authorities and newspapers stopped treating every odor as evidence that he existed.
• 12:34
  That does not prove the phantom was imaginary, but it may be the most important event in the entire story. The panic did not end because the attacker was captured. It ended because the signal changed.
• 12:47
  In nineteen forty-five, psychologist Donald M. Johnson published a study of the Mattoon events in the Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology.
• 12:56
  Its title left little room for mystery, "The Phantom Anesthetist of Mattoon: A Field Study of Mass Hysteria."
• 13:04
  Johnson reconstructed the sequence through police records, newspapers, interviews, and the timing of the reports. He argued that the Kearney story and the dramatic coverage surrounding it had provided a model.
• 13:16
  Once residents knew what an attack was supposed to feel like, unfamiliar smells and ordinary physical sensations could be organized into that model.
• 13:25
  A sweet odor, weak legs, and a shadow at the window became the expected pattern. Each new case reinforced it for the next, allowing the gasser to spread without ever needing to move.
• 13:38
  The phrase mass hysteria now sounds dismissive, and it was often used that way. Many Mattoon reports came from women in homes where husbands or other relatives were working late or serving elsewhere during the war.
• 13:50
  Contemporary commentary sometimes reduced the entire episode to lonely, nervous housewives frightening one another. That explanation reveals as much about the period as it does about the witnesses.
• 14:02
  Later researchers proposed a more useful term, a collective anxiety attack. The idea does not require an irrational mob or dozens of people pretending to be sick.
• 14:13
  It begins with ordinary people living under shared tension. Once a credible threat is introduced, attention narrows and the body's alarm systems activate.
• 14:22
  Nausea, dizziness, weakness, and throat constriction then become evidence of the feared danger, which increases the alarm and intensifies the symptoms. The suffering is real, even when the cause remains disputed.
• 14:36
  Mattoon in 1944 contained nearly everything such an episode would need, a population exhausted by war, the fear of an invisible attack, warm nights with open windows, industrial odors, and a front-page story that supplied both an assailant and a recognizable set of symptoms.
• 14:54
  Then came repetition. Newspapers reported the police calls. Residents read the articles and recognized the next strange smell, and their reports generated new headlines.
• 15:04
  Those headlines sent more people to bed listening for a buzzing machine outside the window. It became a closed circuit in which fear entered the system and returned louder.
• 15:14
  Still, the case refuses to close completely because anxiety might explain why the reports multiplied without explaining what started them.
• 15:23
  Perhaps fumes from a stove, train, insecticide, or factory entered one or two homes. An ordinary prowler may have been seen near the Kearney house and transformed by coincidence into an airborne poisoner.
• 15:36
  Someone might even have played a short-lived prank and stopped once the state police arrived. There is also a later theory that a local man with chemical knowledge carried out at least some of the attacks.
• 15:47
  In 2003, science teacher Scott Maruna named Farley Llewellyn, an eccentric Mattoon resident said to have kept a laboratory and experimented with chemicals.
• 15:58
  Maruna proposed that a solvent might have produced the reported odor and symptoms. No surviving police evidence, however, establishes Llewellyn as the gasser.
• 16:07
  No confession, chemical sample, or eyewitness identification ties him to an attack, so his role belongs to modern speculation rather than documented resolution.
• 16:18
  The possibility of one genuine incident hiding inside the panic cannot be eliminated, and that is what makes Mattoon different from a simple hoax.
• 16:26
  There may never have been a man moving from window to window with a spray gun.
• 16:31
  There may, however, have been a strange odor, an intruder, or an exposure that caused real illness before the story multiplied beyond its source.
• 16:39
  One event can be real while the legend built around it becomes something else, just as a single match can start a fire far larger than itself. By the twelfth night, the Mad Gasser was no longer only a suspected criminal.
• 16:53
  He had become the shape the town gave to invisible danger, gathering everything that could not be seen or controlled, the war, the chemicals, the absent family members, and the noises after midnight, and carrying it beneath an open window.
• 17:08
  Witnesses described him as tall, thin, dressed in black, and holding a machine that no one ever recovered. When the headlines changed, he left no trail behind him.
• 17:19
  There were only addresses on an old city map, a damp cloth that tested clean, newspaper pages filled with reports from distant battlefields, and the testimony of people who insisted that for a few minutes on a warm September night, the air inside their homes had turned against them.
• 17:37
  Maybe there was never anyone outside those windows. Maybe the figure appeared only after the smell assembled from darkness, expectation, and fear.
• 17:47
  For twelve nights in Mattoon, people locked their doors, loaded their weapons, and waited for a stranger who could enter without touching the house.
• 17:55
  Somewhere between the factory and the flowers, between the body and the imagination, the sweet air kept moving. This has been a broadcast by Midnight Signals.
• 18:07
  I'm Russ Chamberlain, guiding you through the shadows where history meets mystery. Visit midnightsignals.net to continue the conversation, explore more episodes, and say hello.
• 18:19
  If you enjoyed tonight's journey, please like, subscribe, and share to help more listeners find the show.
• 18:26
  Until next time, stay vigilant, seek the hidden, and remember, in every silence, there is a signal, and in every signal, a story waiting to be told.
• 18:35
  [outro music]