Latest / Becker’s Healthcare Podcast / K. Nadeem Ahmed, MD, FACHDM, Chief Medical Information Officer at The Valley Health System
Transcript
- 0:02The most important health care decisions don't happen
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- 0:43upper right.
- 0:46This is Laura Dirda with the Becker's Healthcare
- 0:48podcast. I'm thrilled today to be joined by
- 0:50doctor Nadeem Ahmed, who's the chief medical information
- 0:53officer at the Valley Health System. Doctor Ahmed,
- 0:56it's a pleasure to have you on the
- 0:57podcast today.
- 0:58Thank you so much, Laura. Very nice to
- 0:59meet you, and I appreciate this talk.
- 1:02Absolutely. Well, I'm looking forward to our discussion.
- 1:05I think it's such a unique time in
- 1:06health care right now and, you know, truly
- 1:08a a great place to be continuing to
- 1:10innovate, lots of opportunities. I know there's lots
- 1:13of challenges as well, but, you know, with
- 1:15every challenge, there there's also opportunities to get
- 1:18better. So,
- 1:19you know, looking forward to getting your perspective
- 1:21on everything you're doing at the Valley Health
- 1:23System and how you're thinking about the future.
- 1:25But before we dive in, can you introduce
- 1:27yourself and just tell us a little bit
- 1:28more about the health system?
- 1:30Yeah. Sure. So I'm the, chief medical information
- 1:32officer for the system. We are a, single
- 1:35entity hospital based in Paramus, New Jersey,
- 1:39approximately 400 beds. We just opened a, this
- 1:42hospital, brand new facility that is the hospital's
- 1:44been around for for many decades in the
- 1:46community. But this brand new building back in
- 1:49April 2024 was opened, a billion dollar facility,
- 1:52lots of technology
- 1:54put into this facility.
- 1:56And there was so much technology that some
- 1:58elements of it actually had to be turned
- 2:00off because our clinical folks, nurses, physicians, and
- 2:03others were a bit overwhelmed with with the
- 2:05actual physical move from one building to the
- 2:07next. But,
- 2:09that was something that really excited me when
- 2:11I joined the Valley Health System. And I
- 2:13joined in April 2024. So I actually joined
- 2:16right after they opened the new building. So
- 2:18I've had an opportunity
- 2:20to really get involved with how do we
- 2:22use
- 2:23the technology that we have and it's not
- 2:24just hardware. Of course, there's a lot of
- 2:26software elements and,
- 2:28my background is I'm a hospitalist physician by
- 2:31trade, but I've I've had my own private
- 2:33practice that I ran for many years. I've
- 2:35also been a consultant in the past helping
- 2:38other hospitals in The United States and Canada,
- 2:41with EHR implementation. So I've been able to
- 2:43see other organizations and how they effectively
- 2:47implement their electronic health records and all the
- 2:49ancillary
- 2:50applications that go with. And then, my most
- 2:53recent role prior to joining the Valley Health
- 2:55System was with the Aga Khan University, which
- 2:57is an international organization.
- 2:59They have about 20 plus hospitals in six
- 3:01different countries, and I was their global CMIO.
- 3:04So I started their informatics programs in two
- 3:06different countries.
- 3:08And we went live with a unified electronic
- 3:10health record in Nairobi, Kenya, the first of
- 3:12its kind in East Africa.
- 3:14But
- 3:15the amount of travel and time I was
- 3:17spending away from family here in The US
- 3:19was, significant. So after about four years with
- 3:21them, I joined the Valley Health System. And
- 3:23we've been doing some exciting things at at
- 3:25Valley since I joined, and I'd like to
- 3:28share that.
- 3:30Well, fantastic. And, you know, what a great
- 3:32experience being able to,
- 3:34be part of healthcare organizations
- 3:36and building,
- 3:37some very, very needed hospitals and facilities,
- 3:40abroad. And then great to have you back
- 3:42in The US too Yeah. Doing some amazing
- 3:44things. So let's get into it. Can you
- 3:47talk a little bit about your experience over
- 3:49the last year or two? What are some
- 3:50of the most important initiatives that you led,
- 3:52and what were the results?
- 3:54Well, probably the most important one that I
- 3:57led,
- 3:58through the year last year was
- 4:00revising or I should say renovating our clinical
- 4:03technology governance.
- 4:05One of the things I've learned over the
- 4:06years,
- 4:07and having seen many different hospital systems
- 4:10in my career
- 4:12is that you can have the best technology,
- 4:13but if it's not deployed in an effective
- 4:16manner that's useful to the end users,
- 4:18that technology,
- 4:20you could use the word fail, but you
- 4:22can also say it's just not optimized as
- 4:24it probably could be. So a lot of,
- 4:26missed opportunities with good technology in it. And
- 4:29you can blame the technology and sometimes that
- 4:31blame is well deserved, but also you can
- 4:32blame the process
- 4:34for not incorporating
- 4:36end user good end user feedback and understanding
- 4:39what the actual workflows are. So,
- 4:41and a lot of times you can ask,
- 4:43well, why did that happen? And it's because
- 4:44you don't have effective
- 4:46governance. And so my biggest, goal after I
- 4:49joined the Valley Health System was let me
- 4:51take a look at the governance structure. And
- 4:53it turned out we had a lot of
- 4:54silos.
- 4:55Probably no surprise to anyone who's hearing this.
- 4:57Any organization
- 4:58definitely does have silos for various reasons. And
- 5:01I wanted
- 5:02to kind of break down those silos as
- 5:04much as possible.
- 5:05So we have formed,
- 5:07one committee called an Oversight Council and another
- 5:10one that, not two other committees actually that
- 5:13were previously just a provider or physician
- 5:16advisory committee types, and we wanted to have
- 5:19them more Inclusive and more multidisciplinary.
- 5:22So we included nurse nursing leadership in both
- 5:25of those committees and we also included
- 5:27administrative staff so that when we make decisions
- 5:30about how data is being
- 5:33presented. And when I say data, clinical data,
- 5:35patient data, and how providers
- 5:37and nurses
- 5:38are taking care of their patients with that
- 5:41data in mind,
- 5:42those decisions are being made in a much
- 5:44more
- 5:45cohesive and comprehensive fashion.
- 5:48And it's been very successful. We've made quite
- 5:50a few different decisions that are impactful for
- 5:52the entire organizations, and it was done in
- 5:55a much more collaborative fashion,
- 5:57rather than, you know, going from one committee
- 6:00to the next and a lot of back
- 6:01and forth in between committees.
- 6:03We were able to be more, I think
- 6:04efficient in our decision making. So that was
- 6:07a big initiative over the past year.
- 6:10And in addition to that,
- 6:12governance concept as you can as you probably
- 6:14know and everybody knows, artificial intelligence is a
- 6:17big question, you know, like how do we
- 6:19adopt artificial intelligence enabled technology
- 6:22in a safe
- 6:24and Protect you when I say safe you're
- 6:26protecting patient health information. How do we keep
- 6:29that protected? How do we make sure that
- 6:31it's clinically?
- 6:33You know, it has clinical efficacy
- 6:36and
- 6:37at the end of the day, it's not
- 6:38taking away
- 6:39the decision making authority of our providers. So
- 6:42we had to form a we formed a
- 6:44AI task force to help vet vendors that
- 6:47are using AI enabled technology.
- 6:49And we look for AI specific
- 6:51risks such as you know hallucinations
- 6:54bias drift all the things that are fairly
- 6:56unique to ai that doesn't exist or didn't
- 6:59exist with other Previous technologies software technologies
- 7:03that didn't have ai so we needed some
- 7:04kind of vetting mechanism And so we formed
- 7:06this task force we through this governance that
- 7:09we established approved an ai policy so that
- 7:12was the first of its kind last year
- 7:13for our organization
- 7:15and
- 7:16and had the opportunity to present some of
- 7:18this at the new jersey hospital association
- 7:21and other forums where
- 7:23many other health care organizations certainly in our
- 7:26demographic region were quite impressed. And it turns
- 7:29out, and I didn't know this, that we
- 7:30are a little ahead of the curve when
- 7:32it comes to some of our clinical IT
- 7:34governance. So I'm very proud of that. And,
- 7:36yeah, that was our big accomplishment in 2025.
- 7:41Oh, that's amazing to hear. And, you know,
- 7:42I I think it's so critical as you
- 7:44mentioned to have,
- 7:45that type of visibility across the organization, have
- 7:48the understanding of, you know, what the guardrails
- 7:51are, be building that governance, and then having
- 7:53it flow through and to see some of
- 7:55these results are are really impressive.
- 7:57And I'm curious as you were, you know,
- 7:59looking at,
- 8:01connecting with leaders and building these governance processes,
- 8:04especially with AI, how do you make sure
- 8:06you walk that right line of balancing being
- 8:09innovative and moving quickly with also understanding
- 8:12what you need in order to be safe
- 8:14and and continue to, you know, keep that
- 8:17culture of of,
- 8:19you know, idea sharing in in in safety
- 8:22in mind?
- 8:23Yeah. That's a that's a really good question.
- 8:25So there's always risk with any new thing
- 8:28you're going to try. And,
- 8:30gosh, being a physician myself, you know, it's
- 8:32like the conversation I have with with patients,
- 8:34which is, look,
- 8:36There's a procedure or a medication that you
- 8:38need to be started on and there's a
- 8:39reason why we're even discussing it because there's
- 8:41a benefit a potential benefit to you by
- 8:43doing this But there's a risk also there
- 8:46there's our potential adverse effects of this medication
- 8:48or treatment that you need to be aware
- 8:50of so similarly for an organization
- 8:53To try a new technology or try a
- 8:54new process the same rules kind of apply.
- 8:57You need to know. Why are we doing
- 8:58this? What's the benefit? Is there a risk?
- 9:00Absolutely. So in the in the realm of
- 9:02ai, there's a lot of data that needs
- 9:05to be accessible to that
- 9:08AI technology so that it can take a
- 9:10look and it can learn from that data
- 9:12and then provide the analysis that you're looking
- 9:14for. But then if that's the case, especially
- 9:16with a lot of these vendors,
- 9:18they subcontract
- 9:20their AI,
- 9:21models,
- 9:22from other larger organizations. And the question is,
- 9:25wait. What do you do with the data
- 9:27that we have? Are you,
- 9:29sharing our patient data? Are you not sharing
- 9:31that, data with other organizations? Because that's a
- 9:34risk. And certainly, we wanna make sure that
- 9:37the risk, is mitigated,
- 9:39down to zero if possible. If not, we
- 9:42closely observe with a human in the loop
- 9:44mechanism to make sure that the risk is
- 9:46mitigated, as much as possible.
- 9:48So
- 9:49absolutely, it's a it's an ongoing challenge
- 9:52and having a effective
- 9:54governance that can quickly make decisions. And one
- 9:57of the things that we've been able to
- 9:58do by having a more robust and collaborative,
- 10:02clinical IT governance
- 10:03is our decision making is a bit faster
- 10:06than it was in in the past. So
- 10:07in the past, yes, it had to go
- 10:08from one committee to the next, and everybody
- 10:10has these concerns, and they send it back
- 10:12to the other group.
- 10:13And so you would have delays. And to
- 10:15your point,
- 10:16would that slow down progress? And, absolutely, yes.
- 10:19So with our revised governance,
- 10:22we wanna make sure that the risk is,
- 10:24understood. It's mitigated, but at the same time,
- 10:26we're not slowing down progress. And the Valley
- 10:29Health System is a very technology
- 10:31progressive organization. I mean, we have AI embedded
- 10:34in many of our areas. Even before I
- 10:36came on board, it was just something that
- 10:38is a cult it's part of our organization's
- 10:40culture is let's not hold back on opportunities
- 10:44so that our patients can get better care
- 10:47vis a vis our clinicians having better tools
- 10:50to help them provide that care. And so,
- 10:54yes, that actually to to your point, are
- 10:57we gonna slow down with trying to understand
- 11:00the risks
- 11:01and and how to mitigate them? And the
- 11:02answer is yes. There's that's always there. But
- 11:05with good
- 11:06governance,
- 11:07you can get through that very quickly. And
- 11:09that was my goal last year.
- 11:13That's helpful to understand. Thank you so much
- 11:15for,
- 11:16going through that and digging a bit deeper
- 11:17there. Now I'm curious looking ahead to 2026,
- 11:21what are some of the big priorities and
- 11:23headwinds you're most focused on?
- 11:25So you're gonna find this kind of counterintuitive
- 11:27with everything I just said. My goal is
- 11:29to have less technology.
- 11:32I think the reality is there's just too
- 11:34much tech out there and it is overwhelming
- 11:36for any organization
- 11:38because we get presented,
- 11:40and I'm sure every organization has this experience.
- 11:43Their CMIOs and CIOs and other folks in
- 11:46in such positions
- 11:47constantly
- 11:48being presented by different vendors offering products that
- 11:51can solve whatever problem they may or may
- 11:54not have, but there's a lot out there.
- 11:56And I think the biggest challenge we have
- 11:58had is because we're in a densely populated
- 12:02area.
- 12:03We are certainly attract a lot of vendors
- 12:05who wanna do business with us. And sometimes
- 12:07it's challenging to say which one to go
- 12:10with, which one to say no to.
- 12:12And we've experienced in the past that we've
- 12:14said yes to maybe two or three vendors
- 12:15doing the same thing
- 12:17and then we've had, opportunities where we should
- 12:19have said yes, but we said no to
- 12:21a vendor that maybe we should have had.
- 12:22So again, kind of going back to the
- 12:24governance piece of it, but,
- 12:26what I've determined,
- 12:27and not just me but the entire,
- 12:29team,
- 12:30at the valley health system is we have
- 12:32a lot of technology and I think I
- 12:34highlighted
- 12:35earlier that our hospital when it opened there
- 12:37was so much technology We actually had turned
- 12:39some of it off
- 12:40But remember in order to have that technology,
- 12:42we must have paid for it. We started,
- 12:44you know, there must have been some cost,
- 12:46not just, external providing to the vendor, but
- 12:49also maybe internal development, internal costs, staffing costs.
- 12:53And then we didn't then we didn't use
- 12:54it. So there's a there's a lot of,
- 12:57technology that we have in health care, not
- 12:59just at Valley Health System, but in health
- 13:00care in general
- 13:01that is not optimized for various reasons. And
- 13:04one of the most common reasons is, well,
- 13:06you know, we have this software application and
- 13:08it does 60%,
- 13:1070%, 80% of what we want, but the
- 13:12other 20% we don't like. So we're gonna
- 13:15deactivate it or turn it off. And I
- 13:17have to ask the question, well, we do
- 13:19really did we really look at the big
- 13:21picture when we decided to turn those features
- 13:23off?
- 13:24And you just multiply that by the number
- 13:26of application systems we have. And for us,
- 13:29the number is, you know, close to 300
- 13:31applications.
- 13:32And we're probably
- 13:33in the middle when it comes to a
- 13:35lot of organizations our size. I'm sure larger
- 13:38organizations have much more, but there's a lot
- 13:40of applications out there and all of them,
- 13:43I would say, are not being used to
- 13:45their fullest
- 13:47capability.
- 13:48And so for me, when I say less
- 13:50technology,
- 13:50I would like to consolidate the number of
- 13:52applications we have. I would like to
- 13:55make things more streamlined.
- 13:57And so for this year, the biggest decision
- 13:59for our organization right now is to have
- 14:02a unified electronic health record. So at the
- 14:05Valley Health System, we have two big EHR
- 14:07systems.
- 14:09We have, I would say,
- 14:11maybe no less than five,
- 14:13give or take a couple other
- 14:16applications that could or at least they tout
- 14:18they could be EHRs if they wanted to,
- 14:21but we use pieces of them. And I
- 14:23look at that and I say, wow, look
- 14:24at all this all of this software and
- 14:27we're using pieces of each of it. Can't
- 14:28we just use one? Because as you can
- 14:31imagine, when you have multiple applications,
- 14:33it's like Apple and Android, you know,
- 14:36devices. Right?
- 14:37They don't talk to each other very well.
- 14:39So as a clinical person, you get stuck
- 14:42in the middle with trying to take care
- 14:44of one patient. But in order to do
- 14:46so, you gotta log into
- 14:48a dozen different applications to do maybe one
- 14:50thing, which is care for that patient. And
- 14:52that's to me, contributes to our clinician burnout
- 14:55issues.
- 14:56And in order to help with clinician burnout,
- 14:58I think having less is more.
- 15:01And ultimately, that is my goal for this
- 15:03year. And for the organization, we we are,
- 15:06making a big decision to go with one
- 15:08electronic health record for the entire organization, inpatient,
- 15:11outpatient, home health services.
- 15:13So that's a big, organizational decision that's gonna
- 15:16be made actually within the next couple of
- 15:18weeks. So that's exciting.
- 15:22That's amazing to hear. And I know that's
- 15:23a huge undertaking having that, single
- 15:26EHR and bringing it into,
- 15:28the organization and figuring out how to optimize
- 15:30it and and truly having it be a
- 15:32tool that supports everything that goes on from
- 15:34the clinical,
- 15:36to the administrative,
- 15:37operations of the organization. So, that's exciting to
- 15:41hear and certainly a lot of possibilities and
- 15:43opportunities. And, you know, I completely understand your
- 15:45point too when you talk about having less
- 15:47technology,
- 15:48because there it seems like Yeah. A lot
- 15:51of opportunities out there, you know, and and
- 15:53a lot happening in the technology space. But
- 15:55at the end of the day, I know
- 15:56health care is such a human focused and
- 15:58oriented business,
- 15:59and it really should be in order to
- 16:01deliver the right kind of care.
- 16:03Yeah. Yeah.
- 16:05Well, perfect. I think, you know, when you
- 16:07think about the next year as well, what
- 16:08do you think is the hardest thing you'll
- 16:10have to do will be?
- 16:12Well, you know, I think,
- 16:14that that is the hardest thing. Which technology
- 16:16should we stick stick with and what technology
- 16:18should we turn off and how do we
- 16:20make that decision? So I think that's gonna
- 16:22be,
- 16:23part part and parcel of what we're trying
- 16:25to accomplish. If we're trying to simplify,
- 16:29our our
- 16:31when I say simplify, simplify the the amount
- 16:33of coordination and collaboration that has to happen
- 16:36just to make one thing work.
- 16:38At the same time, it might complicate
- 16:40the
- 16:41the items that we are using. So we
- 16:44might need to be a little bit dive
- 16:45in deeper. For example, when we talk about
- 16:47a unified electronic health record,
- 16:49a lot of burden comes with that. We
- 16:51need to make sure that that one system
- 16:53is doing what the other two systems could
- 16:55not. Of course, a no brainer would be,
- 16:58well, the nice thing is all the data
- 16:59is in one place or at least accessible
- 17:01in one area. So that's gonna be a
- 17:02huge win for our clinicians. But furthermore,
- 17:05there were some potentially
- 17:08features of a previous EHR that the new
- 17:11one does not have. How do we determine,
- 17:13Whether to use the one that the new
- 17:16EHR has even though it may not be
- 17:17as good or maybe doesn't have it at
- 17:18all So now we're we are having to
- 17:20sign in with a third party application. So
- 17:23certainly in the clinical IT space. These are
- 17:24the
- 17:26compromises we much, sometimes we have to make
- 17:28as we're moving forward. And I think that's
- 17:30gonna be difficult.
- 17:32You know, there's a saying that sometimes,
- 17:34you know, the minority has to sacrifice for
- 17:36the greater good, which means a small group
- 17:39of either it's a providers or a small
- 17:41group of nurses or pharmacy folks or any
- 17:43other clinical folks, you know, and it could
- 17:44be non clinical as well, might have to
- 17:46give something up that they really liked
- 17:48in a previous application because we're gonna turn
- 17:50that application off because the other 80% of
- 17:52it isn't being used or,
- 17:55the new EHR system is better and it
- 17:57does 80% of what you want. It just
- 17:59doesn't have that small thing that you liked,
- 18:00so you might have to just give that
- 18:02up and for the greater good. So those
- 18:04are the the decisions that are difficult.
- 18:06And as you can imagine all of this
- 18:09is under the umbrella of change management.
- 18:11So anytime you're changing,
- 18:13what someone has to do for a living
- 18:15there you will be defensive. Their initial reaction
- 18:18is why?
- 18:19Why do I need to change? I'm I'm
- 18:21content and I'm able to do my job
- 18:23the way I have it. Certainly, if there
- 18:25are challenges that they're having, they'll make it
- 18:28known. They'll complain to you as, certainly as
- 18:30a physician. We're really good about that. But
- 18:33even other folks that are in the healthcare
- 18:35space are very frustrated and I want to
- 18:38make sure that at least the first thing
- 18:40we do is eliminate
- 18:41Their frustrations that they voiced
- 18:43but similarly
- 18:44hope to accomplish
- 18:46our our larger goals,
- 18:48in a very collaborative fashion. And that collaboration,
- 18:51as I said, does involve a little bit
- 18:53of give and take from,
- 18:55the various areas of the organization. So that's
- 18:57gonna be a challenge and I and I'm
- 18:59looking forward to that challenge. I think all
- 19:00of us are accepting the fact that, in
- 19:02order to have a unified
- 19:04health record,
- 19:05there's gonna be some compromises because we had
- 19:08some small
- 19:09features or functionalities in the previous system that
- 19:12has been systems, I should say, that have
- 19:14been,
- 19:16built over the last
- 19:18teen years.
- 19:19Right? And so,
- 19:20giving that away,
- 19:22is not gonna be easy, but that's change
- 19:23management again for the greater good. So so,
- 19:26yeah, that's that's that's the hardest thing I
- 19:28think is change management.
- 19:31And absolutely a 100%. There's there's a lot
- 19:34that goes into that both from the tools,
- 19:36technology, infrastructure side, but then from the people
- 19:38side as well. It's, you know, not easy
- 19:40to,
- 19:41to actually
- 19:43make those change habits or or or do
- 19:44things a little bit differently, especially,
- 19:47you know, when you have built a career
- 19:49on on,
- 19:50thinking about it one way and then trying
- 19:52to be innovative in a new way. I
- 19:54I can imagine it takes some time, but,
- 19:56ultimately, it has has big results.
- 19:59Yes. Yes. Yes.
- 20:01Well, perfect. Well, I think before we wrap
- 20:02up here, I'm curious. Where do you see
- 20:04some of the best opportunities for organizational growth?
- 20:08Well, you know, I think for our opportunities
- 20:11is
- 20:12in line with,
- 20:14consolidating a lot of the different type of
- 20:16technologies and applications out
- 20:18there and at the end of the day,
- 20:20we want our patients to have a seamless
- 20:22experience.
- 20:23When we have so much technology, I'll give
- 20:24you an example. We have because of the
- 20:26fact that we have multiple electronic health record
- 20:28systems, you now have multiple patient portals.
- 20:31And from a patient experience perspective,
- 20:34that's frustrating. You know, you go to one
- 20:35portal to look at data from one EHR
- 20:37system. You gotta go to another portal to
- 20:39look at it from another system.
- 20:42Our
- 20:43IT staff has been amazing. They've developed a
- 20:46third portal to see if we can fill
- 20:48the gap between the two. But as you
- 20:49can imagine,
- 20:50it's not a perfect situation because now you
- 20:52have three portals. So we have unfortunately too
- 20:54much technology even on the patient side. So
- 20:56I feel that our opportunity for organizational growth
- 21:00is as we consolidate some of the technology
- 21:02not just for our Clinicians that work in
- 21:05the hospital system, but also for patients that
- 21:07go through the system
- 21:09That is going to allow them to keep
- 21:11wanting keep coming back not not because they're
- 21:13sick but also in the ambulatory space
- 21:16you know are providing our clinics will certainly
- 21:19grow because the patient experience is so good
- 21:21and keeping them healthy Of course is the
- 21:24number one goal and I and because like
- 21:26I mentioned earlier we're in a very densely
- 21:28populated
- 21:29Area, we have a lot of competition. So
- 21:31we're not like the only hospital in the
- 21:33in the region We have multiple hospitals in
- 21:35the region and patients have options they can
- 21:37go from one to the next so for
- 21:38us to grow I think if we make
- 21:40their experience more seamless,
- 21:43they'll want to come back and say I
- 21:44want to get my care at the valley
- 21:45health system because of this seamless experience So
- 21:49that's where I think we can grow,
- 21:51nicely this year
- 21:55I love it. Doctor Ahmed, thank you so
- 21:56much for joining us on the podcast today.
- 21:58This has been such a amazing conversation. We
- 22:01talked through a lot of different things, but,
- 22:02you know, I I'm so glad that I
- 22:04was able to learn from you and how
- 22:06you're doing our things at the Valley Health
- 22:08System.
- 22:09And I'm excited as well to see you
- 22:10at the annual meeting in April. I know
- 22:12you'll be speaking on a panel and, will
- 22:14be a lot of these same thing themes,
- 22:16I'm sure, but,
- 22:17you know, digging deeper into them and really
- 22:19connecting with other health care leaders across the
- 22:21spectrum to tackle these big issues that you're
- 22:24talking about So this is great. Yeah. Thank
- 22:26you so much. Laura. I'm very much looking
- 22:28forward to the conference coming up and
- 22:31Thank you for having me