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Brain Fact: Water Intoxication. · Do You F*cking Mind?

• 0:15
  Speaker 1: I do want to go into a brain fact. This
• 0:17
  Speaker 1: one is fucking great. I had forgotten about this one.
• 0:21
  Speaker 1: I remember it. I was going over my UNI notes
• 0:23
  Speaker 1: and I remember that we covered this at UNI. And
• 0:27
  Speaker 1: it's fucking good. It's very interesting. So let's get straight
• 0:31
  Speaker 1: into the brain fact. We're going to be talking about
• 0:33
  Speaker 1: water intoxication. And before I get into water intoxication, I
• 0:37
  Speaker 1: want to tell you a story about a woman. Okay,
• 0:40
  Speaker 1: so I think her name was Casey, or they at
• 0:42
  Speaker 1: least refer to her name as Casey in some like studies.
• 0:46
  Speaker 1: I don't know if that's her actual name, but we're
• 0:47
  Speaker 1: calling her Casey. This woman Casey, entered a radio competition
• 0:52
  Speaker 1: called hold your Wii for WE and basically you had
• 0:55
  Speaker 1: to go into the radio station and drink three gallons
• 0:58
  Speaker 1: up to three gallons of water, which is like eleven
• 1:02
  Speaker 1: liters of water in a two hour timeframe, and the
• 1:06
  Speaker 1: last person standing, like who wouldn't vomit or who wouldn't pee,
• 1:10
  Speaker 1: would win a Nintendo wheat. So that was the competition anyway,
• 1:14
  Speaker 1: So this mum of I think two or three children,
• 1:18
  Speaker 1: she was twenty eight years old, Casey. She went in.
• 1:20
  Speaker 1: She wanted to really win this Nintendo whet for her children,
• 1:23
  Speaker 1: and she I think she either won or she came
• 1:27
  Speaker 1: runner up, but she held it, didn't pee, didn't vomit,
• 1:31
  Speaker 1: but she felt really really ill. Anyway, Then she gets home,
• 1:34
  Speaker 1: she's complaining to her husband about like crazy crazy headaches,
• 1:38
  Speaker 1: pressure behind her eyeballs. She's feeling really nauseous but not vomiting.
• 1:43
  Speaker 1: She's not paying. She just doesn't feel well at all.
• 1:46
  Speaker 1: And she ended up I think, going to bed to
• 1:50
  Speaker 1: try and kind of, you know, like ease the symptoms,
• 1:53
  Speaker 1: but she just didn't feel like paying. She didn't feel
• 1:55
  Speaker 1: like vomiting, but she felt very, very unwell. Anyway, long
• 1:58
  Speaker 1: story short, I don't know the exact details of how
• 2:01
  Speaker 1: it went down, but she ended up having repeated seizures
• 2:04
  Speaker 1: and going to the er. Once she got to the er,
• 2:07
  Speaker 1: things just went from bad to us and she ended
• 2:10
  Speaker 1: up dying, Okay, and she had not She literally, this
• 2:13
  Speaker 1: poor woman died from drinking eleven liters of water in
• 2:17
  Speaker 1: two hours, and she had not vomited or urinated. And
• 2:20
  Speaker 1: even if she did, I'm gonna you'll see why in
• 2:23
  Speaker 1: a sect, but death probably still would have been the outcome.
• 2:27
  Speaker 1: And I'm going to explain why so what happened? It
• 2:30
  Speaker 1: was determined that she had died of water intoxication, and
• 2:33
  Speaker 1: she was suffering from something called acute hyponatremia, so acute
• 2:38
  Speaker 1: meaning that it's just a sudden onset. It's not like
• 2:42
  Speaker 1: a chronic thing. Hypo meaning low and notremia. Natrium means sodium,
• 2:50
  Speaker 1: and if you look at the table of elements, sodium
• 2:53
  Speaker 1: is represented by NA okay, because sodium was previously known
• 2:57
  Speaker 1: as natrium, and here hypernatremia, so that's low sodium. And
• 3:03
  Speaker 1: then emia means presence in the blood, so low sodium
• 3:06
  Speaker 1: in the blood. That's what she ended up dying of.
• 3:09
  Speaker 1: And this is pretty difficult to die off water intoxication, okay,
• 3:13
  Speaker 1: because you would either have to be intentional like it
• 3:16
  Speaker 1: was in this case, where she's forcing water into her
• 3:19
  Speaker 1: body when her body's clearly not wanting it or not
• 3:22
  Speaker 1: asking for it, and that there's also some cases where
• 3:24
  Speaker 1: people have taken drugs of some sort where they have
• 3:26
  Speaker 1: this absolutely unquenchable thirst and they keep drinking and drinking
• 3:30
  Speaker 1: and drinking, which also leads to water intoxication. And then
• 3:34
  Speaker 1: there's also some cases where it can occur with marathon
• 3:38
  Speaker 1: runners as well, where their kidneys aren't. You know, the
• 3:41
  Speaker 1: way their kidneys work when their body's under so much
• 3:43
  Speaker 1: pressure is and how they normally work. So they're not
• 3:45
  Speaker 1: processing things as quickly, and they're drinking a lot of water.
• 3:48
  Speaker 1: They're not anyway, So it's this whole balance basically, and
• 3:51
  Speaker 1: they can also get this water intoxic water intoxication. You
• 3:55
  Speaker 1: don't necessarily not everyone who drinks that much water will
• 3:57
  Speaker 1: die of it. There are symptoms and the simples are
• 4:01
  Speaker 1: like nausea, confusion, disorientation, vomiting in bad cases, seizures, and
• 4:07
  Speaker 1: then of course, in really bad cases death. Okay, now
• 4:11
  Speaker 1: for the part that I really want to talk about,
• 4:13
  Speaker 1: what is going on for this to happen. So, sodium
• 4:16
  Speaker 1: in your body is essential for pretty much everything, right,
• 4:20
  Speaker 1: for your action potentials, for everything. And there's this careful
• 4:22
  Speaker 1: balance of sodium flowing inside and outside your cells, and
• 4:26
  Speaker 1: they kind of flow in and out through your cell membrane. Okay,
• 4:30
  Speaker 1: so like the package that the cells packaged in this membrane,
• 4:34
  Speaker 1: and it also does something called osmotic gradient, which basically
• 4:37
  Speaker 1: means that water flows toward the sodium. Now your kidneys
• 4:42
  Speaker 1: separate to that your kidneys can process give or take
• 4:45
  Speaker 1: around eight hundred to one thousand milli liters of water
• 4:49
  Speaker 1: per hour roughly. Okay, So this is why in this
• 4:53
  Speaker 1: woman's case, within a two hour timeframe she had had
• 4:56
  Speaker 1: eleven liters of water, and even if she had paid
• 5:01
  Speaker 1: a bit, it still wouldn't have been enough to save
• 5:03
  Speaker 1: her because there's only so much that her kidneys can
• 5:06
  Speaker 1: be processing in that timeframe. So the damage was already
• 5:09
  Speaker 1: being done. So if you're drinking more than this, you know,
• 5:13
  Speaker 1: eight hundred to one thousand milli liters per hour, then
• 5:16
  Speaker 1: you're drinking more than what can be processed and flushed out,
• 5:19
  Speaker 1: and so that water has to go somewhere. It can't
• 5:22
  Speaker 1: be processed through your kidney, so then it ends up
• 5:25
  Speaker 1: in your cells. Your cells start absorbing all this water,
• 5:27
  Speaker 1: and when there's too much water in the cells, that
• 5:31
  Speaker 1: sodium concentration is now diluted. And because your body is
• 5:35
  Speaker 1: always trying to find homeostasis and it's trying to restore
• 5:38
  Speaker 1: the sodium balance because it's like, wow, there's two little
• 5:41
  Speaker 1: sodium in these cells, it starts drawing more and more
• 5:44
  Speaker 1: water into the cells, trying to get more sodium in
• 5:47
  Speaker 1: as well, and that's why your cells then swell. Okay,
• 5:51
  Speaker 1: so all your little cells, all the membranes, there's all
• 5:53
  Speaker 1: this water inside the membrane and it starts to swell. Now,
• 5:56
  Speaker 1: if this happens a little bit kind of throughout your body,
• 5:59
  Speaker 1: it's kind of ok because your tissues can swell up
• 6:01
  Speaker 1: to some degree, your organs can swell to some degree,
• 6:03
  Speaker 1: your muscles, all of that. But the problem is that
• 6:07
  Speaker 1: your brain cannot swell really that much, because your brain
• 6:11
  Speaker 1: can only swell to the amount that the skull will allow,
• 6:14
  Speaker 1: which is not much at all. Your brain is encased
• 6:16
  Speaker 1: in this hard casing. It's not like your arm that
• 6:18
  Speaker 1: can swell quite a lot before damage is done, or
• 6:21
  Speaker 1: your leg or your abdomen. This is very different. It's
• 6:24
  Speaker 1: encased in a fucking skull, right, So this swelling starts
• 6:28
  Speaker 1: to cause huge build up of pressure in your brain, okay,
• 6:32
  Speaker 1: and then that pressure starts to crush the blood vessels
• 6:36
  Speaker 1: that are carrying oxygen to the brain. So all the
• 6:38
  Speaker 1: cells are swelling up, it's squeezing all the blood vessels
• 6:41
  Speaker 1: in between that carries oxygen to the brain, and deprivation
• 6:45
  Speaker 1: of oxygen is then going to cause permanent cell damage
• 6:47
  Speaker 1: cell necrosis, which is cell death, which then leads to
• 6:50
  Speaker 1: brain damage, stroke and then of course death. Okay, so,
• 6:54
  Speaker 1: and this can also happen if you drink a lot
• 6:56
  Speaker 1: of things like beer as well or whatever, anything that's
• 6:58
  Speaker 1: too much fluid in a shore time frame, this can happen.
• 7:02
  Speaker 1: So yeah, that's the fucking brain fact for today. I
• 7:05
  Speaker 1: found that so fascinating and sad that this poor woman
• 7:10
  Speaker 1: had no idea anyway. I don't even know what ended
• 7:12
  Speaker 1: up happening, if anyone got sued for that, or negligence
• 7:15
  Speaker 1: or whatever, but it's so fucked up. Never play a
• 7:18
  Speaker 1: game where you're racing to drink water like just way
• 7:22
  Speaker 1: humans find the most creative way to abuse their own
• 7:25
  Speaker 1: bodies just for fun. It's just bizarre anyway. So never
• 7:29
  Speaker 1: just never engage in one of those activities where you're
• 7:32
  Speaker 1: racing to see who can drink so much water and
• 7:34
  Speaker 1: hold it in all that shit. That's very bad for you.