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35 - A History of the Roman Empire From Augustus to Aurelius by John Bagnell Bury · A History of the Roman Empire From Augustus to Aurelius

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  Speaker 1: Chapter seventeen, Sections five and six of J. B. Bury's
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  Speaker 1: The Student's Roman Empire, Part one. This is a LibriVox recording.
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  Speaker 1: All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more
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  Speaker 1: information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org. The
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  Speaker 1: Student's Roman Empire, Part one by John Bagnellbury, Chapter seventeen,
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  Speaker 1: The Principate of Nero fifty four to sixty eight a d.
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  Speaker 1: Sections five and six, Section five, The Revolt of Bindex
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  Speaker 1: and Fall of Nero. The events which led to the
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  Speaker 1: fall of Nero began in Gaul, although it was not
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  Speaker 1: from Gaul that the final blow was to come. C.
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  Speaker 1: Julius Bindex, Sprung of a noble Celtic family, but thoroughly
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  Speaker 1: Romanized and adopted into the Imperial gens, was governor of
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  Speaker 1: Gallia Lugudunensis at the beginning of sixty eight a d.
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  Speaker 1: He raised the standard of revolt. It is not quite
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  Speaker 1: clear what his ultimate intentions were, but he seems to
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  Speaker 1: have conceived the idea of a kingdom of Gaul ruled
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  Speaker 1: by himself, nominally perhaps dependent on the Empire, like the
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  Speaker 1: former kingdom of Mauritania, but it was practically an attempt
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  Speaker 1: to throw off the Roman yoke. Bndex may be regarded
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  Speaker 1: as a successor of Versingatorix and Sacravir. He collected from
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  Speaker 1: various parts of Gaul a force of about one hundred
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  Speaker 1: thousand men. The districts of the Arverni and the Sequani
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  Speaker 1: joined in the movement, and the town of Vienna on
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  Speaker 1: the Rhone was a sort of center for the rebellion.
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  Speaker 1: But Lugadunum, the capital of the three provinces, held aloof,
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  Speaker 1: as did the Lingones and the Treverri on the borders
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  Speaker 1: of Germany. The troops which Bindex gathered were ill disciplined
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  Speaker 1: and ill armed. The enterprise was hopeless unless he could
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  Speaker 1: induce some of the Western armies to take part in it.
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  Speaker 1: His attempts to win the armies of the Rhine were fruitless,
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  Speaker 1: but he was more successful in hither Spain. We have
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  Speaker 1: already met Galba, the governor of that province. He had
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  Speaker 1: distinguished himself slightly both on the Rhine and in Africa.
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  Speaker 1: He was already in his seventy third year, and in
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  Speaker 1: his childhood had seen Augustus, who had said to him,
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  Speaker 1: according to report quote, thou shalt one day taste our
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  Speaker 1: empire end quote. It is probable that Galba had already
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  Speaker 1: thought of rebellion before he received the overtures from Vindex.
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  Speaker 1: Oracles were afloat that an emperor was to arise from Spain.
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  Speaker 1: The revolt of Vindex and the pressure of his lieutenant
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  Speaker 1: t Vinius decided the old man, and as he belonged
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  Speaker 1: to the Senatorial party, his declaration of rebellion took the
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  Speaker 1: form of declaring himself to be the servant of the Senate.
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  Speaker 1: After considerable hesitation, on April second, he named himself the
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  Speaker 1: Legatus Senatus popolic Romani in a speech delivered from his tribunal,
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  Speaker 1: and made preparations for war in Spain. He was supported
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  Speaker 1: by Otho, Legatus of Lusitania and Cesena chriest Her of Baetica,
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  Speaker 1: but their adherents was of little consequence if the legions
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  Speaker 1: of the Rhine and Clodius Macer, Governor of Africa held
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  Speaker 1: aloof In the meantime, the issue of the revolt of
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  Speaker 1: Vindex had been decided. When the news was brought Nero
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  Speaker 1: returned to Rome and took measures for its suppression. Those
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  Speaker 1: troops which were already on their march from Germany and
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  Speaker 1: Britain to prosecute a war against the Sarmatians received orders
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  Speaker 1: to return, But the quelling of the rebellion was due
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  Speaker 1: to Virginus Rufus, the legatus of Upper Germany, who resisted
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  Speaker 1: all the endeavors of Vindex to gain him over Alarmed
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  Speaker 1: by the national character of the movement, Virginius advanced with
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  Speaker 1: his own legions, reinforced by a division from the lower
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  Speaker 1: province to Vesontio, which was threatened by the Gallic militia
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  Speaker 1: of the rebel Vassontio, whose name has become Vesanson, was
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  Speaker 1: a very important place for at it the roads from
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  Speaker 1: Lower Germany and northwestern Gaul, from the Rhine and from
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  Speaker 1: the Jura mountains met Here. A great battle took place.
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  Speaker 1: The legions were completely victorious and Vindex was slain. It
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  Speaker 1: was not loyalty to Nero that had influenced the Germanic
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  Speaker 1: army to repel the advances of Vindex. It was rather
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  Speaker 1: the Gallic character of the revolt. This is shown by
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  Speaker 1: the fact that after the victory they proclaimed their general
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  Speaker 1: imperat but he resisted the temptation. He was a man
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  Speaker 1: of lowly birth, and perhaps thought he had no chance
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  Speaker 1: of being accepted by the nobility of Rome. In the
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  Speaker 1: inscription for his tomb, which he composed before his death,
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  Speaker 1: he mentions as the two preditable actions of his life,
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  Speaker 1: the victory over Vindex and his refusal of the empire.
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  Speaker 1: After the failure of the revolt in Gaul, the situation
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  Speaker 1: of Galba seemed hopeless, and he despaired himself, but he
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  Speaker 1: was saved by the Emperor's want of resolution and the
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  Speaker 1: treachery of the ministers. When the news of the defection
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  Speaker 1: in Spain arrived in Rome, Nero confiscated Galba's property and
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  Speaker 1: himself health assumed the consulship. He made preparations for an
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  Speaker 1: expedition against Galba and appointed Petronius Terpiolanus as the commander.
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  Speaker 1: A new legion was organized from the troops of the
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  Speaker 1: fleet and called Leggio Classica, but the praetorian guards, who
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  Speaker 1: were devoted to the Julian house seemed to have remained
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  Speaker 1: quietly in their camp instead of taking the field as
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  Speaker 1: we should have expected. The prefect to Jolinus vanishes from
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  Speaker 1: the scene and plays no part in the catastrophe of
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  Speaker 1: his master. His fall was probably due to the intrigues
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  Speaker 1: of Nimphidius Sabinus, the other prefect, who nominally embraced the
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  Speaker 1: cause of Galba but was really aiming at securing the
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  Speaker 1: empire for himself. If Nero had not utterly lost his head,
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  Speaker 1: he was secure in the loyalty of the Praetorian Guards,
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  Speaker 1: notwithstanding the aspirations of the prefect. But he was a coward,
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  Speaker 1: and his irresolution drove his supporters away. Dulda's satisfaction prevailed.
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  Speaker 1: In Rome, corn was dear, and when a ship arrived
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  Speaker 1: from Egypt which proved to be laden not with corn
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  Speaker 1: but with sand for the emperor's arena, the discontent became acute.
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  Speaker 1: It was reported that Nero entertained the idea of abandoning
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  Speaker 1: Rome and sailing to Alexandria to make that city the
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  Speaker 1: capital of an Eastern empire, the idea which Antonius had
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  Speaker 1: almost realized. The Senate was naturally eager to overthrow the tyrant,
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  Speaker 1: who hated it in favor of Galba, but feared to
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  Speaker 1: compromise itself until the Praetorian guards had declared themselves. In
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  Speaker 1: order to draw them from their devotion to Nero, Nimphidius
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  Speaker 1: resorted to an artifice. He persuaded the emperor, who was
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  Speaker 1: distracted with fear, to repair from the palace to the
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  Speaker 1: civilian gardens, which lay close to the Tiber on the
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  Speaker 1: road to Ostia. He then went to the camp and
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  Speaker 1: informed the soldiers that Nero had deserted them and left Rome.
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  Speaker 1: They were easily convinced that it was their interest to
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  Speaker 1: support Galba, and the wily prefect promised them, in Galba's name,
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  Speaker 1: a donative of thirty thousand satterces each. He knew that
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  Speaker 1: Galbo would never fulfill the promise, and he hoped, by
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  Speaker 1: means of the consequent dissatisfaction, to secure his own ends. Meanwhile,
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  Speaker 1: in the civilian gardens, the emperor was devising councils of despair.
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  Speaker 1: He was gradually deserted by his courtiers and most of
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  Speaker 1: his slaves and freedmen, and the praetorian cohort, which was
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  Speaker 1: keeping guard at the palace, left its post at midnight.
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  Speaker 1: At length, he determined to flee from Rome, but could
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  Speaker 1: induce no friend to share his danger except a few freedmen.
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  Speaker 1: One officer scornfully quoted Virgil, is it so hard to die?
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  Speaker 1: One of the imperial freedmen, named Phaon offered his master
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  Speaker 1: the refuge of a villa about four miles northeast of
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  Speaker 1: Rome on the Via Patinaria, a cross road connecting the
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  Speaker 1: Via Salaria and the Via Nomentana. Thither he started by night,
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  Speaker 1: accompanied by Peon Epaphroditis and two other freedmen. The historians
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  Speaker 1: have not failed to invest the night ride and the
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  Speaker 1: last scene of Nero's life with dramatic coloring. The Via
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  Speaker 1: Nomentana went close to the Praetorian camp, and shouts in
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  Speaker 1: honor of Galba reached the ears of the fugitives as
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  Speaker 1: they passed. The night was wild with lightning and earthquakes.
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  Speaker 1: Nero crept into the villa by a narrow entrance at
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  Speaker 1: the back, in order not to arouse the suspicions of
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  Speaker 1: the slaves. There he lay on straw for hours, unable
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  Speaker 1: to make up his mind to die. What an artist
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  Speaker 1: I am to perish, he said. But when a slave
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  Speaker 1: of Phaeon arrived with the news that the Senate had
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  Speaker 1: condemned him to death more Mayorum, and that he was
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  Speaker 1: being sought for everywhere, he made up his mind to
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  Speaker 1: escape a cruel execution. The tramp of horses feet was
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  Speaker 1: heard in the distance when he pressed a dagger to
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  Speaker 1: his throat, and it was driven home by epaphroditis. As
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  Speaker 1: he was dying, a centurion entered and pretended that he
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  Speaker 1: had come to help him too late. That was fidelity.
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  Speaker 1: Indeed were Nero's last. He perished on June nine, sixty
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  Speaker 1: eight a d His body was burnt and the ashes
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  Speaker 1: were buried honorably in the sepulcher of the Domitian gens
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  Speaker 1: on the Pincian Hill. At first, the tidings of his
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  Speaker 1: fall caused universal joy. The Senate, who, as soon as
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  Speaker 1: the decision of the Praetorian Guards was known, had hastened
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  Speaker 1: to sentence him to a punishment which was almost obsolete,
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  Speaker 1: condemned his memory and ordered his statues to be overthrown.
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  Speaker 1: The intense hatred which the Senatorial party felt towards Nero
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  Speaker 1: is most clearly seen in literature, but among the mass
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  Speaker 1: of the people a reaction soon set in. Many people
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  Speaker 1: doubted the reality of his death and looked for his reappearance,
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  Speaker 1: and under succeeding emperors, three false Neroes arose and obtained
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  Speaker 1: a following king. Vologises of Parthia sent an embassy requesting
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  Speaker 1: the Senate and the new princeps to hold the memory
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  Speaker 1: of Nero in honour. Christians saw in Nero the Antichrist
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  Speaker 1: and thought that as such he would come again. Nero
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  Speaker 1: was the last of the true Caesars, the last, we
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  Speaker 1: may say, of the Julian mine. Strictly he belonged by
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  Speaker 1: adoption to the Cloudie. Yet the Claudian and Julian houses
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  Speaker 1: had been so closely connected since the union of Augustus
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  Speaker 1: with Libya that politically little distinction was made between them.
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  Speaker 1: Nero was not only the adopted son of Claudius, he
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  Speaker 1: was also, through his mother, the great great grandson of
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  Speaker 1: Augustus and the grandson of Germanicus, who belonged by adoption
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  Speaker 1: to the Julian gens. Thus it was felt, when Nero
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  Speaker 1: perished without an air, that the line of the great
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  Speaker 1: dictator had come to an end and a new epoch
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  Speaker 1: was beginning. The features of Nero were handsome, but his
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  Speaker 1: expression was not pleasant. His face wore a sort of scowl,
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  Speaker 1: perhaps due to his defective sight. His body was ill made.
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  Speaker 1: He had a prominent stomach and thin legs. In his
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  Speaker 1: later years his skin was blotched from excesses, but his
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  Speaker 1: health was good As a profession singer. He was very
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  Speaker 1: careful about his voice. His effeminacy was shown in the
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  Speaker 1: arrangement of his hair and in the looseness of the
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  Speaker 1: cincture which bound his dress when he appeared in public.
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  Speaker 1: His capricious tyranny recalls in many respects the extravagances of Gaeus.
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  Speaker 1: Like Gaius, he was a lover of the incredible. But
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  Speaker 1: while the mad Gaius had almost a genius for devising
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  Speaker 1: absurdities on a colossal scale, Nero was merely extravagant on
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  Speaker 1: the beaten tracks of luxury. He gave immense presents to
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  Speaker 1: his favorites and tried to outdo his predecessors in the
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  Speaker 1: spaciousness of his buildings. He projected a canal from Puteoli
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  Speaker 1: to Rome, as well as the cutting of the Isthmus.
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  Speaker 1: He did not aspire to divinity like Gaius, but rather
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  Speaker 1: at being preeminent among men and receiving their admiration. He
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  Speaker 1: was vain rather than proud. He adopted superstitions from the
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  Speaker 1: East and practiced magic. In his later years. The Senator
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  Speaker 1: seemed to have kept quite aloof from his court, and
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  Speaker 1: he hated them cordially. No flattery pleased him more than
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  Speaker 1: when a courtier said, I hate you Nero, because you
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  Speaker 1: are a senator. Section six. Nero's administration. The peculiarity of
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  Speaker 1: Nero's principate was that it was marked by good government
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  Speaker 1: under a bad emperor. Nero himself was devoid of political
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  Speaker 1: insight and spent no care on the administration. Yet in
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  Speaker 1: general policy and in the conduct of military affairs, there
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  Speaker 1: is little to blame if there is little to praise
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  Speaker 1: in his government in the early years of his reign.
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  Speaker 1: This was not due to the princeps. It was partly
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  Speaker 1: due to well trained ministers, to Seneca and Buris especially,
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  Speaker 1: but it was also due to the excellence of the
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  Speaker 1: machine which Caesar the Dictator and Augustus had set going.
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  Speaker 1: It is perhaps as well that the political views of
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  Speaker 1: the ministers were strictly limited by the system of Augustus.
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  Speaker 1: They did not introduce any new idea into the government.
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  Speaker 1: It was a more serious defect that their activity was
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  Speaker 1: mainly confined to the interests of the capital. They concerned
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  Speaker 1: themselves less with the welfare of the provinces. It must
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  Speaker 1: be admitted, however, that they appointed able officers to the
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  Speaker 1: commands on the frontiers. The revival of the power of
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  Speaker 1: the Senate in Nero's early years has been already noticed.
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  Speaker 1: In fifty six a d. The management of the Errarium
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  Speaker 1: was transferred from the quoisters to two prefects of praetorian standing,
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  Speaker 1: who were to be appointed by the Emperor and hold
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  Speaker 1: office for three years. This perhaps served to give the
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  Speaker 1: Emperor more control over the money which the fisk advanced
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  Speaker 1: to the Errarium. In the same year, the tribunes were
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  Speaker 1: deprived of their rights of intercession and inflicting fines. It
• 13:44
  Speaker 1: was probably in this reign that the independence of the
• 13:47
  Speaker 1: Senate was diminished by the emperor's extension of the right
• 13:50
  Speaker 1: of condemnation to the Consulate, which had hitherto been exempted
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  Speaker 1: from this influence. But the most serious aggression of Nero
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  Speaker 1: against the Senate was his appropriate of the right of
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  Speaker 1: issuing copper coinage, which had hitherto been reserved for the Senate.
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  Speaker 1: He also entertained the idea of abolishing the senatorial privilege
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  Speaker 1: of holding the high commands in the provinces and armies,
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  Speaker 1: in fact of abolishing the Senate altogether, and carrying on
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  Speaker 1: the business of the state by means of the knights
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  Speaker 1: and freedmen. In the field of civil legislation, several useful
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  Speaker 1: measures were passed, among which may be mentioned that which
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  Speaker 1: forbade the exhibitions of gladiators and beasts in the provinces.
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  Speaker 1: In provincial administration. The reign of Nero was marked by
• 14:34
  Speaker 1: numerous processes for extortion, both in senatorial and in imperial provinces,
• 14:39
  Speaker 1: instituted by the subjects against their governors. Cestius Proculus, accused
• 14:44
  Speaker 1: by the Cretans, was acquitted. Peace Seller Proconsul of Asia,
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  Speaker 1: died before his case was decided. Tarquitius Priscus, accused by Bithynia,
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  Speaker 1: was condemned, and Pettious Blasis, accused by Syrinaika, was degraded
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  Speaker 1: from the Senate. In the imperial provinces, Kosutianus Capito was
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  Speaker 1: prosecuted by Celesia and condemned, but pardoned by Nero owing
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  Speaker 1: to the influence of his father in law. To Jolinus
• 15:14
  Speaker 1: Sardinia accused Vispanius Linus and obtained his condemnation, but Epirius Marcellus,
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  Speaker 1: accused by Lysia, was acquitted. Some of these processes came
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  Speaker 1: before the Senate, others before the Emperor In fifty seven,
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  Speaker 1: a d An edict was issued forbidding provincial governors and
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  Speaker 1: procurators to exhibit spectacles. Many had been in the habit
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  Speaker 1: of doing this in order to reconcile the people to
• 15:40
  Speaker 1: their unjust administration. These facts proved that the subjects were
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  Speaker 1: still exposed to injustice from their governors, and also that
• 15:47
  Speaker 1: under Nero they were encouraged to complain. A new procuratorial
• 15:52
  Speaker 1: province was created, Pontes Polomaniacus and Alpus Cotier was placed
• 15:57
  Speaker 1: under procurators. The district of the Catian and Maritime Alps
• 16:02
  Speaker 1: had been Romanized since their pacification under Augustus and now
• 16:06
  Speaker 1: received the Ayus Latinum. Possibly the Pennine Alps also became
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  Speaker 1: a procuratorial province. As early as Nero, the preservation of
• 16:15
  Speaker 1: the Latin nationality occupied the serious attention of the government.
• 16:19
  Speaker 1: New blood was imported into Italy from the provinces, and
• 16:23
  Speaker 1: a considerable number of towns were colonized, including Antium, Beneventum, Capua, Tarentum,
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  Speaker 1: nu Seria Puteoli. The process of Roman civilization in Spain
• 16:33
  Speaker 1: is shown by the fact that the three legions placed
• 16:36
  Speaker 1: there by Augustus were reduced under Nero to two. It
• 16:39
  Speaker 1: has been already mentioned that Nero gave the Greeks their freedom.
• 16:43
  Speaker 1: As this act deprived the Senate of a province, he
• 16:46
  Speaker 1: made up the loss to the Erarium by transferring to
• 16:49
  Speaker 1: the Senate the imperial province of Sardinia and Corsica. In
• 16:54
  Speaker 1: the middle of Nero's reign, an important colonization took place
• 16:57
  Speaker 1: in an important and colonization took place in Moesia, which
• 17:03
  Speaker 1: was constantly threatened by invasions of barbarians from the north
• 17:06
  Speaker 1: and seems to have suffered from depopulation. The Legatus Tiberius
• 17:11
  Speaker 1: Plautius Sylvanus Alienus settled one hundred thousand inhabitants of the
• 17:16
  Speaker 1: land beyond the Danube in the Moesian territory. They were
• 17:19
  Speaker 1: obliged to pay a certain tribute and also doubtless to
• 17:22
  Speaker 1: perform military service in case of need. He also extended
• 17:26
  Speaker 1: the sphere of the Roman influence on the north shore
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  Speaker 1: of the Euxine by annexing to the Empire the town
• 17:32
  Speaker 1: of Liras the advance of Roman arms in Britain has
• 17:36
  Speaker 1: already been related, the War for Armenia and the rebellion
• 17:40
  Speaker 1: in Judea will be described in subsequent chapters. The project
• 17:45
  Speaker 1: of an overland water route from the Mediterranean to the
• 17:48
  Speaker 1: North Sea was proposed by Lucius Vedas, the Legatus of
• 17:52
  Speaker 1: Upper Germany fifty five to fifty six a d. It
• 17:55
  Speaker 1: was merely required to cut a canal connecting the Arar
• 17:58
  Speaker 1: the seOne with the Mosella. Thus ships might sail up
• 18:03
  Speaker 1: the Rhone, turn into the Arrar at Lagudunum, reached the
• 18:06
  Speaker 1: Mosella by the projected channel, and descend the Mosella into
• 18:10
  Speaker 1: the Rhine. But the jealousy of Alias Grassilis, the Legatus
• 18:14
  Speaker 1: of Belgica, frustrated the execution of this plan, which would
• 18:18
  Speaker 1: have necessitated the bringing of the legions of Germany into Belgica.
• 18:22
  Speaker 1: Grassilus frightened Vetus by suggesting that the Emperor would be
• 18:25
  Speaker 1: annoyed at the undertaking of such a large work by
• 18:28
  Speaker 1: a subject in the lower province. Some trouble was caused
• 18:33
  Speaker 1: by the Eastern Frisians, who were independent, whereas the Western
• 18:36
  Speaker 1: Frisians were tributary. Emboldened by the long peace, they migrated
• 18:41
  Speaker 1: with all their people to the bank of the Old
• 18:43
  Speaker 1: Rhine and established themselves in unoccupied lands reserved for pasturing.
• 18:47
  Speaker 1: The beasts, which supplied the Roman troops with food. Their leaders,
• 18:51
  Speaker 1: we cannot properly speak of kings, were Veritus and Malarics.
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  Speaker 1: They had built their houses, sowed the fields, and were
• 18:59
  Speaker 1: using the soil as their own, when the legatus dubious
• 19:02
  Speaker 1: Avitus threatened to attack them unless they either returned to
• 19:06
  Speaker 1: their old abodes or obtained from the emperor a grant
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  Speaker 1: of land. Veritus and Malaics preferred the second alternative and
• 19:14
  Speaker 1: went themselves to Rome to beg Caesar for the boon.
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  Speaker 1: They were obliged to wait some days on Nero's pleasure,
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  Speaker 1: and spent the time in seeing the sights of Rome.
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  Speaker 1: They were shown Pompey's theater in order that they might
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  Speaker 1: apprehend the greatness of the people. They took their seats
• 19:29
  Speaker 1: among the general public, and as they could not appreciate
• 19:32
  Speaker 1: the entertainment, they asked questions about the places assigned to
• 19:35
  Speaker 1: the various ranks, the fourteen benches of the knights, and
• 19:39
  Speaker 1: the orchestra where the senators sat. Observing some persons in
• 19:43
  Speaker 1: foreign dress among the senators, and learning that they were
• 19:46
  Speaker 1: the envoys of nations who were distinguished by their bravery
• 19:49
  Speaker 1: and friendship to Rome, They exclaimed that the Germans were
• 19:52
  Speaker 1: excelled by none in valor or loyalty, and took their
• 19:55
  Speaker 1: seats among the senators. The incident was good naturedly received
• 19:59
  Speaker 1: by the spectators, who regarded it as an example of
• 20:02
  Speaker 1: old fashioned impulsiveness. The result of the embassy was that
• 20:06
  Speaker 1: the two chieftains received Roman citizenship, but their nation was
• 20:10
  Speaker 1: commanded to evacuate the territory which they had occupied. They
• 20:14
  Speaker 1: refused to obey, and it was necessary for some auxiliary
• 20:18
  Speaker 1: cavalry to drive them out. But no sooner were the
• 20:22
  Speaker 1: Frisians ejected than the same lands were seized by another
• 20:25
  Speaker 1: and more powerful people, the Amsavari, who lived in the
• 20:28
  Speaker 1: neighborhood of the Emesia, and were driven out of their
• 20:31
  Speaker 1: territory by the Chauci. The cause of these homeless exiles
• 20:35
  Speaker 1: seeking a new habitation was pleaded by Boeocolus, an old
• 20:39
  Speaker 1: man who was influential among these nations and loyal to Rome.
• 20:44
  Speaker 1: On the occasion of the Cheruscan revolt in the disastrous
• 20:47
  Speaker 1: year nine a d. He had been imprisoned by Armenius
• 20:51
  Speaker 1: and had since then served under Tiberius and Germanicus. But
• 20:55
  Speaker 1: Avetus refused to accede to the request, and the Abserverians
• 20:59
  Speaker 1: called on the Bruk Terry, tank Terry and other tribes
• 21:02
  Speaker 1: to help them to take by force what the Romans
• 21:04
  Speaker 1: refused to give. Avetus sent a message to Cotilius Mancia,
• 21:09
  Speaker 1: who had succeeded Vetis as legatus of Upper Germany, requesting
• 21:13
  Speaker 1: him to make a hostile demonstration beyond the Rhine, and
• 21:16
  Speaker 1: he himself promptly invaded the land of the tank Terry
• 21:20
  Speaker 1: and threatened to exterminate them if they associated themselves with
• 21:23
  Speaker 1: the Ambseverarians. The Broupe Terry were scared in the same way,
• 21:27
  Speaker 1: and the Ambseverians were then isolated and forced to retreat,
• 21:32
  Speaker 1: wandering as outcasts from one territory to another, received now
• 21:36
  Speaker 1: as friends and now as foes. Their entire youth was
• 21:39
  Speaker 1: finally slain, and those who could not fight were divided
• 21:42
  Speaker 1: as booty. End of Chapter seventeen.