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70. The Rise and Fall of the East India Company · Who Did What Now With Katie Charlwood

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  Speaker 1: You're listening to an airwave media podcast. Hi everybody, and
• 0:19
  Speaker 1: welcome to Who Did What Now? The history podcast that's
• 0:22
  Speaker 1: not your history class with me your host Katie Charlwood,
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  Speaker 1: history harlot and reader of books. Most of you know
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  Speaker 1: the drill at this stage, but if you are new here, Hi, welcome,
• 0:33
  Speaker 1: and this is your disclaimer here one hooded what now?
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  Speaker 1: I like to sprinkle my discussion with what some have
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  Speaker 1: called a generous dash of colorful language, So consider yourself warned.
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  Speaker 1: My particular vocabulary palette may occasionally contain shades that could
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  Speaker 1: make a sailor blush. So if you are easily offended
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  Speaker 1: by my linguistic extravagance, grab at your muffs or you know,
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  Speaker 1: kindly exit stage left. This is your final warning. Now
• 1:02
  Speaker 1: let the Rebel paints bladder commence. Can you tell I
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  Speaker 1: practiced that? Because that took about eight takes to do.
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  Speaker 1: I kept messing it up. It was ridiculous because I
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  Speaker 1: kept falling on the word particular, which is how I
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  Speaker 1: say it all the time. But I kept going to
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  Speaker 1: like that was good, that was a quality there. But again,
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  Speaker 1: now that that's the way, I would like to dedicate
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  Speaker 1: this episode to one of my fabulous Patreon supporters. Sonya. Now,
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  Speaker 1: I know a lot of people like to do their
• 1:35
  Speaker 1: you know, their thanks and their support at the end.
• 1:38
  Speaker 1: Most people don't listen at the end, so I like
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  Speaker 1: to put it up front. Although I do have some
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  Speaker 1: things I want to talk about at the end of
• 1:44
  Speaker 1: the video, so if you are a longtime follower, they
• 1:47
  Speaker 1: may address you. So, yeah, that's happening. Why I had
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  Speaker 1: to sing, I don't know? So news with me? How's
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  Speaker 1: life going? I am still needy, been writing, so I
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  Speaker 1: did get my two sample chapters sent off to my
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  Speaker 1: publishing agent. So now it's in the wind. We'll see
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  Speaker 1: what happens from here. But I'm I'm very excited. Things
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  Speaker 1: seem to be and so the ball is really rolling
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  Speaker 1: with that. In my personal life, I saw my little
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  Speaker 1: girl go to her dance performance, so like there's a
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  Speaker 1: finale every year of the dance show. And it was
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  Speaker 1: very interesting because one of the other woman I know,
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  Speaker 1: her daughter is also in the show and her daughter's
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  Speaker 1: a wee ballerina. Mine doesn't do ballet, but she does
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  Speaker 1: other stuff, and so we're chatting away and she's like,
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  Speaker 1: did you bring tissues? Because you will cry? I was ah,
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  Speaker 1: I'll be fine. She's just gonna dance. And there I am. There,
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  Speaker 1: I am watching her and tears are streaming down my face.
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  Speaker 1: Good thing it was too hot for me to put
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  Speaker 1: on any makeup, because seriously, I would have just looked
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  Speaker 1: like a very, a very coked up raccoon. It just
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  Speaker 1: would have been just danger. But I just I was
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  Speaker 1: so overwhelmed with emotion. It was very It was very
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  Speaker 1: interesting because, like I was watching her do this front
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  Speaker 1: role she has to do, and it was the one
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  Speaker 1: thing that she was struggling with, and she was talking
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  Speaker 1: about quitting dancing. She's only seven and she was talking
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  Speaker 1: about quitting because she couldn't do this front roll and
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  Speaker 1: it was really getting to her. So I've now invested
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  Speaker 1: in a mat for her to do things, because she
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  Speaker 1: never did any dancing around me. She doesn't do stuff
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  Speaker 1: like that. But now summer's here, I've got a mat
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  Speaker 1: so she can do it outside and there's space and
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  Speaker 1: she can practice. And I'm seriously considering putting both my
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  Speaker 1: kids into like gymnastics, just for core strength. But we'll
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  Speaker 1: see how that goes. But I know what you're thinking.
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  Speaker 1: You're thinking, quit your jibber Drabber in fact me, in
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  Speaker 1: fact you, I will. But first we've got to get
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  Speaker 1: our source. On our source are the Anarchy, The Relentless
• 4:03
  Speaker 1: Rise of the East India Company by William Darlimpole, Empires,
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  Speaker 1: Nations and Politics of ethnic Identity by Summit Guha, Trading Places,
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  Speaker 1: The East India Company and Asia sixteen hundred to eighteen
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  Speaker 1: thirty four by Anthony Farrington. Conflicting cooperation in Anglo Mingo
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  Speaker 1: trade relations during the reign of urung Zeb by fart Hassan.
• 4:24
  Speaker 1: The Pirates Pact, The Zebra Alliances between history's motatorious buccaneers
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  Speaker 1: in colonial America by Douglas Arburgess. The East India Company
• 4:32
  Speaker 1: and British Empire in the Far East by Marguerite ire Wilber.
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  Speaker 1: A Treatise on the Principles, practice and History of Commerce
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  Speaker 1: by John Ramsay McCullough. Early English Travelers in India A
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  Speaker 1: study in the travel literture of Elizabethan and Jacobean periods,
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  Speaker 1: with particular reference to India by ram Chandra Pisad. The
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  Speaker 1: Imperial Gaziteir of India from nineteen o eight. The East
• 4:55
  Speaker 1: India Company a history by Brian Gardner. England's Quest of
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  Speaker 1: Eastern Trade by Sir William Foster sixteen hundred. The British
• 5:03
  Speaker 1: East India Company by Paul Saduke Documenting the British is
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  Speaker 1: India Company and their involvement in the East Indian Slave
• 5:09
  Speaker 1: Trade by Bonnie Pinkston. European slave Trading in the Indian
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  Speaker 1: Ocean fifteen hundred eighteen fifty by Richard B. Allen. Lords
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  Speaker 1: of the East, The East India Company and its Ships
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  Speaker 1: by Jean Sutton. The Corporation That Changed the World by
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  Speaker 1: Nick Robbins. Legislating Instability Adam Smith, Free Banking and the
• 5:27
  Speaker 1: Financial Crass, Legislating Instability, Adam Smith, Free Banking and the
• 5:31
  Speaker 1: Financial Crass, Legislating Instability, Adam Smith, Free Banking and the
• 5:36
  Speaker 1: financial Legislating Instability. Adam Smith, Free Banking and the Financial
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  Speaker 1: Crisis of seventeen seventy two by Tyler Goodspeed. And of
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  Speaker 1: course we have our favorites, history dot com, Smithsonian dot
• 5:51
  Speaker 1: com and biography dot com iosiding comfortably good, then let's begin.
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  Speaker 1: Sometimes you might think to yourself, you know, if you're me,
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  Speaker 1: why talk about one singular person in history when I
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  Speaker 1: can talk about an entire company, Especially when that company
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  Speaker 1: has done so many things, and yet most of us
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  Speaker 1: only really know all that in passing or as villains
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  Speaker 1: in a Pirates of the Caribbean movie, which incidentally is
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  Speaker 1: not too far from the truth, because how do I
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  Speaker 1: put this? Basically, yes, but minus you know, magical cursed pirates,
• 6:33
  Speaker 1: just villainy, really lots of villainy, and we gloss over
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  Speaker 1: it so much like we hide the fact that the
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  Speaker 1: original colonization of Africa was by this corporation, by this
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  Speaker 1: for profit business, which was supported by the British crown,
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  Speaker 1: which then led to sort of the Britain like official
• 7:01
  Speaker 1: colonization of India. But this is it's fucking nefarious, is
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  Speaker 1: what it is. And let's just let's just get into it,
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  Speaker 1: shall we. So let's start off from the beginning. So
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  Speaker 1: let's roll back to something you would have learned in
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  Speaker 1: history class, and that would be Vasco da Gamma. So
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  Speaker 1: in fourteen nine to eight he discovers a sea route
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  Speaker 1: to India. And the reason this Portuguese explorer was looking
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  Speaker 1: for a sea rout was because Europeans did not want
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  Speaker 1: to have to traverse through the dangerous lands occupied by
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  Speaker 1: Arabs and Turks. And so you know, the sea rout
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  Speaker 1: was definitely the way to go, you know, it was
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  Speaker 1: the easiest option for them for trade. And so over
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  Speaker 1: the next century they start building trade routes from Europe
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  Speaker 1: to India to Indonesia, like they're really making their way
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  Speaker 1: across the world. They're starting to circumvent, you know, and
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  Speaker 1: of course everybody wants a piece of the pie and
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  Speaker 1: something to season it with. And so in September fifteen
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  Speaker 1: ninety nine, this small collection of merchants there's like eighty
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  Speaker 1: in total, they petitioned Queen Elizabeth first to let them
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  Speaker 1: trade over in the East Indies as it was known,
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  Speaker 1: and by sixteen hundred she issues a wild charter giving
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  Speaker 1: them a monopoly for what like fifteen years to trade
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  Speaker 1: over in the East. So it's not a typical partnership
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  Speaker 1: which was back in the day, like one family would
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  Speaker 1: have an alliance to another family and they would be trading.
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  Speaker 1: This started as a joint stock company which could then
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  Speaker 1: issue shares in like an open market to other investors.
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  Speaker 1: So it really is the beginning of of you know, corporations.
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  Speaker 1: So yeah, by sixteen hundred it is the Company of
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  Speaker 1: Merchants of London trading into the East Indies and then
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  Speaker 1: it sort of gets an informal name of the Honorable
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  Speaker 1: East India Company or even the John Company, and then
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  Speaker 1: it changes its name later on again, but that's another
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  Speaker 1: story for later on. So this Royal Charter is very
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  Speaker 1: interesting because it gives this company, this civilian company, more
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  Speaker 1: powers than it should have. The charter gives the company
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  Speaker 1: the right to wage war where necessary. It also has
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  Speaker 1: a provision that allows it to mint its own money,
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  Speaker 1: build forts and castles, raise armies, and acquire territory if
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  Speaker 1: it was in the interests of Britain and the company,
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  Speaker 1: and effectively, as far as they're concerned, everything is in
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  Speaker 1: the interests of Britain and the company. It doesn't actually
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  Speaker 1: mention anything about holding territories. But I mean, it's all
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  Speaker 1: about interpretation, isn't it. It's reading the small print. So
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  Speaker 1: by the time it comes to you know, be born.
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  Speaker 1: The East India Company has one hundred and twenty five
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  Speaker 1: shareholders and a capital of like seventy thousand quid, which
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  Speaker 1: is a massive, massive chunk of money, especially considering like
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  Speaker 1: England at the time was it was not the most affluent.
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  Speaker 1: A lot of this was because of Henry the Eighth
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  Speaker 1: who had squandered just so much between you know, changing
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  Speaker 1: the entire country's religion and going to war with the
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  Speaker 1: King of France in some weird dick measuring contests. But
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  Speaker 1: he just couldn't help. But anyway, back to the ec See,
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  Speaker 1: like most companies at the time where family owned businesses,
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  Speaker 1: or like one family was going into business with another family,
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  Speaker 1: they were very sort of closed affairs. But this was
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  Speaker 1: a business, a company that was owned entirely by its shareholders,
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  Speaker 1: all one hundred and twenty five of them. It had
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  Speaker 1: a governor to manage it. I'm twenty four directors, so
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  Speaker 1: there's there's a lot of people in this and normally
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  Speaker 1: I wouldn't go into so many details about like shareholders
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  Speaker 1: and directors and things like that, but this is for context.
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  Speaker 1: So this company exists to maximize the profits of its shareholders,
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  Speaker 1: not unlike companies today. So that's why it exists, that's
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  Speaker 1: why it's there. So its main goal is just to
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  Speaker 1: make more money, more and more money. But in order
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  Speaker 1: to do that, traders got a trade. So the merchants
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  Speaker 1: in sixteen oh one, they get the company ships and
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  Speaker 1: they set sale for the East Indies. They try to
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  Speaker 1: get to Spice Island, but they're a wee bit late
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  Speaker 1: on this. So when they get there, the Portuguese and
• 12:09
  Speaker 1: the Dutch are already established and they're like, na pal
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  Speaker 1: off you pop. And so they decide, sure, okay, we're
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  Speaker 1: going to go to India instead, but not straight away.
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  Speaker 1: So the first thing they do is they set up
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  Speaker 1: these outposts and they start trading sort of silver and
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  Speaker 1: English wool for things like silk and tea and sugar
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  Speaker 1: and opium because drugs very very popular, very easy to
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  Speaker 1: make money on, you know. So of course, so they
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  Speaker 1: realize they've got a lot of money and goods going
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  Speaker 1: through these outposts, and as such they need to actually
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  Speaker 1: protect their goods and their profits, and so they hire
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  Speaker 1: mercenaries and the like to protect the goods from raw
• 13:00
  Speaker 1: and thieves and pirates and other such angry people like
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  Speaker 1: I don't know people who's Spacio invaded and you really
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  Speaker 1: shouldn't be there because of like that. But anyway, and
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  Speaker 1: remember the company is still really lucky because it has
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  Speaker 1: this fifteen year monopoly in British trade, so it only
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  Speaker 1: really has to worry about the Dutch. In the Portuguese.
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  Speaker 1: Speaking of the Portuguese, she casually slips into conversation. When
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  Speaker 1: the company's ship Hector, actually gets to India and sixteen
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  Speaker 1: o eight it starts this war of control which lasts
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  Speaker 1: for four years, resulting in the Portuguese having their asses
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  Speaker 1: handed to them. And it is very clear that the
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  Speaker 1: East India Company is not playing games. So at this
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  Speaker 1: point this is just a bunch of traders who are
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  Speaker 1: fighting a global superpower because Portugal was, you know, pretty
• 13:56
  Speaker 1: big at the time. So I'm not that fussed. This
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  Speaker 1: is fine, you can kind of go all right, you know,
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  Speaker 1: it's the past. Fighting happens. So three years later, Sir
• 14:06
  Speaker 1: Thomas Rowe, who is representing King James the First because
• 14:10
  Speaker 1: Elizabeth has died, James has now taken over and god,
• 14:14
  Speaker 1: I hate the man so much. He's such a bastard.
• 14:17
  Speaker 1: Him in a shitty bible. So Thomas Rowe he meets
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  Speaker 1: with the Mughal King Jahangear and he gains permission to
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  Speaker 1: establish a factory in Surat, which to them was a
• 14:27
  Speaker 1: brilliant we go screw yourselves to the Portuguese and the Dutch.
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  Speaker 1: So in return for allowing the company to establish a
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  Speaker 1: factory in Surat, they promise to provide jahangear with the
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  Speaker 1: best of the best, the choicest goods, the krem De
• 14:43
  Speaker 1: the krem he would have first pick whatever he desired.
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  Speaker 1: But of the two parties, the East India Company definitely
• 14:50
  Speaker 1: got the better part of the deal. So of the
• 14:53
  Speaker 1: two parties involved, however, the East India Company definitely got
• 14:57
  Speaker 1: the better part of the deal. So Indian artisans, I
• 15:01
  Speaker 1: mean they're shit hot, like have you seen a sari?
• 15:04
  Speaker 1: Like ooh, the craftsmanship. But so the artisans and things
• 15:09
  Speaker 1: they created, they were in high demand, especially throughout Europe,
• 15:14
  Speaker 1: but all across the globe, but mainly Europe because the
• 15:16
  Speaker 1: skills and techniques they were seen as exotic and you know,
• 15:22
  Speaker 1: proper fucking quality. And then of course there was the
• 15:26
  Speaker 1: access to India's natural resources. The natural produce of India
• 15:30
  Speaker 1: is you know, you've got tea, You've got spices, and
• 15:33
  Speaker 1: silks and gold. There's just so much and the company
• 15:37
  Speaker 1: just wanted to get their grubby little hands on it.
• 15:40
  Speaker 1: And if it was in their hands, it wouldn't be
• 15:42
  Speaker 1: in the hands of the Dutch, who still had the
• 15:44
  Speaker 1: monopoly of the spice trade in the East Indies. And
• 15:47
  Speaker 1: so they are they're still fighting, but in sixteen twenty three,
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  Speaker 1: the Dutch completely massacres the British traders and Amboina and Indonesia.
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  Speaker 1: So after this, they're like, we're just gonna keep concentrating
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  Speaker 1: on India because this is we don't need the murder. Thanks.
• 16:06
  Speaker 1: They must have been so mad as well being defeated
• 16:08
  Speaker 1: by the Dutch Hi had mityal stirvn Ha. Yeah, deadlands.
• 16:14
  Speaker 1: But you know what's absolutely wild is that throughout this
• 16:17
  Speaker 1: for this past twenty years at the East India Company
• 16:19
  Speaker 1: has been running, it has been run almost entirely out
• 16:25
  Speaker 1: of this fella's house with only was it sex employees
• 16:28
  Speaker 1: on staff. Listen, I'm not here to provide any support
• 16:31
  Speaker 1: to the East India Company, but like, how confident do
• 16:34
  Speaker 1: you have to be to be six people running an
• 16:39
  Speaker 1: organization across the globe when there isn't even a decent
• 16:43
  Speaker 1: intercontinental post service, Like there's no guarantee you're going to
• 16:48
  Speaker 1: know what's happening all the way over there. Like what
• 16:53
  Speaker 1: about one hundred years after you know, the company was established,
• 16:57
  Speaker 1: it finally moves into its permanent home office in Life,
• 17:00
  Speaker 1: London and it has like thirty five members of staff
• 17:02
  Speaker 1: at this point and by the late eighteen hundreds, the
• 17:06
  Speaker 1: permanent staff reaches one hundred and fifty nine. I think
• 17:10
  Speaker 1: let's take a moment to put this into perspective. So
• 17:15
  Speaker 1: the East India Company is this corporation being controlled by
• 17:21
  Speaker 1: no more than one hundred and fifty nine people. One
• 17:26
  Speaker 1: hundred and fifty nine people at any one time at
• 17:29
  Speaker 1: most are going to be responsible for so much destruction,
• 17:35
  Speaker 1: so much pain, so much death like that is absolutely bonkers.
• 17:41
  Speaker 1: But anyway, the East India Company decided that it needed
• 17:44
  Speaker 1: to set some permanent bases in India because Indonesia just
• 17:49
  Speaker 1: wasn't on the card since you know, the Dutch absolutely
• 17:51
  Speaker 1: handed their asses to them, and they basically do this
• 17:54
  Speaker 1: over twenty to thirty years sort of increments. So you've
• 17:58
  Speaker 1: got Madras, which is the first permanent base. It's settled
• 18:02
  Speaker 1: in sixteen thirty nine. Then a base is established in
• 18:05
  Speaker 1: Bombay in sixteen sixty eight, and then finally a base
• 18:08
  Speaker 1: is settled in Kolcutta in sixteen ninety. So yeah, these
• 18:12
  Speaker 1: three settlements are all set up and they're meant to
• 18:14
  Speaker 1: be these trading outposts and it's where they you know,
• 18:17
  Speaker 1: they can store their goods and everything. So it's all
• 18:20
  Speaker 1: settled there, and again they have their little crews and
• 18:24
  Speaker 1: armies and everything just to take care of it, just
• 18:26
  Speaker 1: to protect them, for no other reason. So between establishing
• 18:30
  Speaker 1: the outposts in Bombay and Calcutta, so between sixteen sixty
• 18:34
  Speaker 1: eight in sixteen ninety there was a there was a
• 18:38
  Speaker 1: way incident. And by way incident, I mean the company
• 18:42
  Speaker 1: gets permissioned from King James the Second to sail nineteen
• 18:46
  Speaker 1: ships from London all the way to India to deal
• 18:52
  Speaker 1: with the Mules. So the Mugals at this point are
• 18:56
  Speaker 1: this incredibly wealthy dynasty and so they are the ruling
• 19:02
  Speaker 1: elite in this area of India where the company really
• 19:06
  Speaker 1: wants to get their roots down, and the Moggles they
• 19:09
  Speaker 1: are open to trade with the East India Company. Unfortunately,
• 19:14
  Speaker 1: there is a difference of opinion because the Mugules have
• 19:18
  Speaker 1: personal opinions regarding trading with other traders, you know, people
• 19:22
  Speaker 1: who are not the East India Company, having particular preferences
• 19:28
  Speaker 1: regarding taxation and of course you know, having authority over
• 19:33
  Speaker 1: their own lands. So the Mughal leader oring Zeb he
• 19:37
  Speaker 1: is basically in control of the Indian subcontinent, and the
• 19:44
  Speaker 1: English come to throw their way around and he says,
• 19:46
  Speaker 1: fuck this for a game of soldiers and takes on
• 19:49
  Speaker 1: the East India Company in a war that lasts four
• 19:52
  Speaker 1: years and ends with what has been referred to many
• 19:57
  Speaker 1: times as an embarrassing deffen eat for the EIC, with
• 20:03
  Speaker 1: soldiers and officers imprisoned, their fleet fucking scattered and mingle
• 20:10
  Speaker 1: soldiers so many Mugho soldiers completely outnumbering the EIC, right,
• 20:17
  Speaker 1: they just start filling up the bombay for it in
• 20:20
  Speaker 1: this just show just the show of strength. And after this,
• 20:27
  Speaker 1: like whole fandango, you'd think they would have been like expelled,
• 20:32
  Speaker 1: you know, you'd make that assumption. But no, after this,
• 20:38
  Speaker 1: you know, oring Zeb is perfectly satisfied that he has
• 20:43
  Speaker 1: proven his point and he decides to let the East
• 20:46
  Speaker 1: India Company stay like he allows them to just stay
• 20:52
  Speaker 1: in India, you know, because they're subdued, and he's convinced
• 20:57
  Speaker 1: that because he has managed to quell them, that they
• 21:01
  Speaker 1: will someday become allies. You thought British would, Okay, sure,
• 21:09
  Speaker 1: Jan Sure. Unbeknownst to them, because of the lack of
• 21:15
  Speaker 1: honor to anybody not a white European, the East India
• 21:18
  Speaker 1: Company decided that being allowed to stay in the country
• 21:24
  Speaker 1: was basically permission to, you know, try and take over
• 21:27
  Speaker 1: the entire place. Yeah, and they are. They are twiddling
• 21:31
  Speaker 1: their thumbs, just waiting for the right moment. So when
• 21:34
  Speaker 1: org Zeb passes away the Mughal Empire, it just starts declining.
• 21:41
  Speaker 1: The last powerful Mughal leader is gone. And so this
• 21:45
  Speaker 1: is the perfect opportunity for the East India Company to
• 21:49
  Speaker 1: just stomp in in their boots. It takes them just
• 21:53
  Speaker 1: over a decade to acquire a farming from a Mughal
• 21:57
  Speaker 1: king in Bengal. So they managed to bribe this dude.
• 22:02
  Speaker 1: He's not that powerful, but it does give them this
• 22:05
  Speaker 1: wee bit of authority. So this decree gives the company
• 22:09
  Speaker 1: rights to trade judy free, so without tax, in return
• 22:13
  Speaker 1: for a small fee to the Mughal court. So this
• 22:18
  Speaker 1: is a ridiculous deal because it makes it basically impossible
• 22:22
  Speaker 1: for other European powers to compete with the British in
• 22:26
  Speaker 1: this level of trade. So the Dutch, the Portuguese like,
• 22:30
  Speaker 1: they cannot do the same offer. You know, they're not
• 22:35
  Speaker 1: going to have this option. And that is a sweet
• 22:37
  Speaker 1: bloody deal for the EIC. Not only do they get
• 22:40
  Speaker 1: to screw over the competition. But it also makes you know,
• 22:45
  Speaker 1: the Bengali rulers really really mad because this decree means
• 22:49
  Speaker 1: that they lose a bunch of their revenue share, so
• 22:52
  Speaker 1: they're losing the money they would have got from taxation.
• 22:56
  Speaker 1: So and as far as the Europeans are concerned, if
• 22:58
  Speaker 1: it's written on paper, if it is signed or stamped,
• 23:01
  Speaker 1: it is good to go and that gives them authority.
• 23:05
  Speaker 1: So even though at this point in the Mughal leader
• 23:08
  Speaker 1: he didn't really have much power or authority in the province,
• 23:12
  Speaker 1: because they had this signed piece of paper, the EIC
• 23:16
  Speaker 1: believed that they had this authority. And so the Bengali
• 23:20
  Speaker 1: leaders are seriously pissed off at this dude in Delhi,
• 23:23
  Speaker 1: who doesn't have the power, is allowing this to happen.
• 23:27
  Speaker 1: He's not only giving this British company a monopoly on trade,
• 23:33
  Speaker 1: but it also leads to this infiltration of British forces
• 23:36
  Speaker 1: in Bengal and this seriously pisses people off and unsurprisingly
• 23:42
  Speaker 1: skirmishes Ensiu. You see, without Orgzeb things started to crumble
• 23:47
  Speaker 1: because when he was alive, he was this dominant force,
• 23:50
  Speaker 1: he was this central authority to the Indian subcontinent. And
• 23:55
  Speaker 1: then when he passed away India, it fragments, right, so
• 24:00
  Speaker 1: it starts breaking up, and these rulers of the Bengali
• 24:03
  Speaker 1: they start rolling independently and then they start clashing with
• 24:07
  Speaker 1: each other. They're having battles, they're fighting, and then this
• 24:12
  Speaker 1: this gives the British a chance. This gives the East
• 24:15
  Speaker 1: India Company. These cracks are great for him to just
• 24:19
  Speaker 1: stick their fingers in and pull apart. So the British
• 24:25
  Speaker 1: military power just gains and gains, and while everything is
• 24:31
  Speaker 1: crumbling around them. The Persian leader, Nadir Shah, he plunders Deli,
• 24:39
  Speaker 1: he empties all the treasure. He has defeated the Mughal
• 24:42
  Speaker 1: emperor right at this point, and he heads back to
• 24:45
  Speaker 1: Persia over the Kaiba Pass with just so much shit.
• 24:49
  Speaker 1: He has camels and elephants, a peacock thrown, I might
• 24:54
  Speaker 1: add a peacock thrown. That's just fabulous. And so he's
• 24:57
  Speaker 1: taken that. He's also taken the dark and it's big sister,
• 25:02
  Speaker 1: the koh Nur, which I'm sure you'll recognize from being
• 25:06
  Speaker 1: in the news and from being one of the most
• 25:09
  Speaker 1: famous pillaged gems in the history of the world. Nadirshah
• 25:15
  Speaker 1: had just pilled for it. He'd taken all the treasure,
• 25:17
  Speaker 1: he was gone, thus leaving the Mughal emperor in a
• 25:21
  Speaker 1: very vulnerable position because it didn't have the funds anymore.
• 25:25
  Speaker 1: So all of these leaders that were sort of skirmishing
• 25:29
  Speaker 1: with the Eic, they were now forced to make alliances
• 25:34
  Speaker 1: with them and to basically well some of alliances and
• 25:39
  Speaker 1: others were forced to accept British rule. But Britain wasn't
• 25:43
  Speaker 1: the only one involved. See, the French had also decided
• 25:48
  Speaker 1: they wanted to get their pause onto India as well.
• 25:52
  Speaker 1: And the one thing that Europeans really had over the
• 25:55
  Speaker 1: Indians at the time was the advancement of weaponry. Em
• 26:00
  Speaker 1: In the Battle of Madras, the French they had these
• 26:03
  Speaker 1: rapid firing weapons which caused the much larger army they
• 26:08
  Speaker 1: were fighting to retreat basically without actually fighting, because they
• 26:12
  Speaker 1: were like, no, I'm not dealing with that. And by
• 26:16
  Speaker 1: the mid seventeen hundreds, the weaponry of the Europeans was
• 26:21
  Speaker 1: far superior to that that was in India. Now this
• 26:24
  Speaker 1: may shock you, gentle listener, but the French and the
• 26:26
  Speaker 1: British weren't exactly best days. In fact, some might even
• 26:30
  Speaker 1: call it a rivalry considering they were two rival companies
• 26:33
  Speaker 1: vying for the same spot. So the French CAMPAIGNE and
• 26:37
  Speaker 1: the EIC, they were basically feuding with each other will
• 26:41
  Speaker 1: trying to defeat the Muggles. So by the time the
• 26:44
  Speaker 1: seventeen fifties roll around, the Mughal Empire is in these
• 26:48
  Speaker 1: fractured states. You've got leader fighting with region, fighting with region,
• 26:53
  Speaker 1: and they're lacking funding and with all of these other
• 26:57
  Speaker 1: powers starting to wild their way. In the majority of
• 27:01
  Speaker 1: these rulers, they realize they have to either ally with
• 27:05
  Speaker 1: the British or will They're forced to ally with the
• 27:09
  Speaker 1: British like they have to accept British authority one way
• 27:12
  Speaker 1: or another. And the Nawab they become this independent region
• 27:18
  Speaker 1: from Delhi or out with Delhi, and they're basically like
• 27:23
  Speaker 1: a splinter group at this point. And they are pissed
• 27:27
  Speaker 1: off that the EIC have built Fort William in Kolcutta
• 27:33
  Speaker 1: without you know, the Nawab of Bengal's permission, Nawab Suraj.
• 27:39
  Speaker 1: So what happens then is that Saraj attacks the British
• 27:45
  Speaker 1: fort with his army of thirty thousand men. So there's
• 27:49
  Speaker 1: like a thousand settlers like in this fort, it's it's
• 27:53
  Speaker 1: meant to be like a township kind of idea. It's
• 27:55
  Speaker 1: like there's a thousand settlers and like they get away,
• 28:00
  Speaker 1: they escape along with the military commanders. And while they scarpled,
• 28:04
  Speaker 1: it leaves about one hundred men who are unsurprisingly easily
• 28:10
  Speaker 1: overtaken by this you know army of thirty thousand men.
• 28:16
  Speaker 1: So the prisoners they're rounded up and they're put into
• 28:19
  Speaker 1: this basement. Yeah, and after they're put in the basement,
• 28:23
  Speaker 1: so there's you know, torture and other such horrors and
• 28:27
  Speaker 1: they are left with I think two dozen men by
• 28:32
  Speaker 1: the end of it. If that, and the survivors are
• 28:35
  Speaker 1: telling a horrific, horrific story. And this music trickles back
• 28:41
  Speaker 1: to Britain and people are pissed, so they want they
• 28:46
  Speaker 1: want retaliation. They want them to to retake the fort.
• 28:52
  Speaker 1: So because losing Calcutta it is a massive, massive, like
• 28:58
  Speaker 1: money drain for the company. So the province of Bengal
• 29:02
  Speaker 1: is like the most advanced, you know for textiles, and
• 29:06
  Speaker 1: the Indian textiles had just invaded, had flooded British society
• 29:13
  Speaker 1: like they were such an amazing thing, like Calico tafata,
• 29:19
  Speaker 1: like these are all just desired. And on top of that,
• 29:24
  Speaker 1: like the economic production of the era, Like in seventeen
• 29:30
  Speaker 1: fifty it was happening in Bengal, India and England was
• 29:35
  Speaker 1: only making like two percent, so it's it's there. So yeah,
• 29:40
  Speaker 1: the company's losing money and it is well pissed off.
• 29:44
  Speaker 1: Enter sociopath and absolute fucking knobhead Robert Clive. So Clive,
• 29:51
  Speaker 1: he leads these trips from Madras and they come in
• 29:56
  Speaker 1: and they overtake Fort William and a few my later,
• 30:00
  Speaker 1: the Bengal Nawab they were turn and that's like seventeen
• 30:04
  Speaker 1: fifty seven at this point, so they were turn and
• 30:07
  Speaker 1: this leads to the Battle of Plus A because who
• 30:11
  Speaker 1: does the Nawab have with them this time the French
• 30:15
  Speaker 1: of course. So, being a backhanded piece of shit, arsehole Clive,
• 30:23
  Speaker 1: he you know, he does the underhand thing because rules
• 30:28
  Speaker 1: of engagement are only relevant when dealing with the white people. No,
• 30:33
  Speaker 1: that was not a mistake. And so the treacherous lecturius
• 30:38
  Speaker 1: arsehole Clive, he makes this super secret deal with Mir Jafar,
• 30:44
  Speaker 1: who is Nawab Saraj's like right hand man. He is
• 30:48
  Speaker 1: the person to go to. So he makes this deal
• 30:50
  Speaker 1: with him that if he, you know, stabby Stabby, gets
• 30:54
  Speaker 1: rid of Saraj in the battle, he will make him
• 30:57
  Speaker 1: the new Nawab. Right, This bullshit battle ensues and Suraj
• 31:03
  Speaker 1: his spiy senses are tinkling. He can send some things up,
• 31:07
  Speaker 1: so he just gets the hell at a dodge. He's like, nope,
• 31:10
  Speaker 1: arios away he goes, and so Ja'afar decides, sure, let's
• 31:17
  Speaker 1: just sell out India to the British and informs them
• 31:21
  Speaker 1: of where Saraj is. They discover him, he is killed,
• 31:26
  Speaker 1: and Ja'afar gets the title. He's so desired. But it
• 31:30
  Speaker 1: wasn't all sunshine and lollipops, because the one thing you
• 31:34
  Speaker 1: can always trust a shitbag to do is to do
• 31:37
  Speaker 1: shitty things. So the first thing Robert Clive does is
• 31:42
  Speaker 1: he absolutely pilfers the treasury. Right, so he takes all
• 31:47
  Speaker 1: of the goods from the Nawab, leaving Jafar with sweet
• 31:51
  Speaker 1: fuck all, which seems fair in fairness, but god, they're
• 31:56
  Speaker 1: all oursehols and the company is just looting, which incidentally
• 32:03
  Speaker 1: is a word from Hindustani, which is how it's like
• 32:07
  Speaker 1: a bridge language. It's how do I say this without
• 32:10
  Speaker 1: making it sound weird. It is an Indo Aryan language.
• 32:14
  Speaker 1: It's a ploistic language. It's like a mishmash of like
• 32:18
  Speaker 1: Hindi and Urdu. And it was mainly in the North
• 32:23
  Speaker 1: India sort of well before the partition happened, sort of
• 32:28
  Speaker 1: that area, and it was generally used with like mercenaries
• 32:33
  Speaker 1: and you know, people like the East India Company and
• 32:37
  Speaker 1: other such groups. So people from armies would also use it,
• 32:42
  Speaker 1: so it was just kind of I think a little
• 32:43
  Speaker 1: bit easier for them to understand. I assume. I've had
• 32:48
  Speaker 1: some people argue that it's not a language, that it's
• 32:51
  Speaker 1: like more slang. But here's the thing, what we assume
• 32:57
  Speaker 1: to be slang isn't always slang. Scotts is an indigenous
• 33:02
  Speaker 1: language to Scotland, which is a combination of languages high
• 33:06
  Speaker 1: Bare and No English, Aave, so on and so forth.
• 33:10
  Speaker 1: I don't think you can just discredit something just because
• 33:13
  Speaker 1: you don't personally like it anyway, that's not the point.
• 33:16
  Speaker 1: That's me just rambling about languages for a minute. So like, yeah,
• 33:22
  Speaker 1: things are not going great for India at this point,
• 33:26
  Speaker 1: and and you see the thing is what is also
• 33:28
  Speaker 1: going on at this time is the seven years war,
• 33:31
  Speaker 1: and it's like all of the European superpowers are in it,
• 33:33
  Speaker 1: and it's running from like seventeen fifty six to seventeen
• 33:36
  Speaker 1: sixty three. So that's happening about this too. And what's funny,
• 33:41
  Speaker 1: not funny ha, but like funny weird is that by
• 33:45
  Speaker 1: the end of the Seven Years War, the East India
• 33:48
  Speaker 1: Company has a fucking makeover because it decides it's not
• 33:52
  Speaker 1: really trader anymore. It's not trading, they're rulers. The AIC
• 33:58
  Speaker 1: is losing it, you know, can tell privileges and stuff
• 34:01
  Speaker 1: and gaining just control and power. And in seventeen sixty five,
• 34:07
  Speaker 1: under the slimy hands aclive, the East India Company wins
• 34:12
  Speaker 1: the Battle of Buxar and this which basically crushes the
• 34:17
  Speaker 1: Mughal Empire. So the exiled emperor shat Alam he is
• 34:22
  Speaker 1: forced to sign this decree and it makes the East
• 34:27
  Speaker 1: India Company the Dwan of Bengal and so Shatlam becomes
• 34:33
  Speaker 1: a pensioner of the company and the Nawab of Awa
• 34:36
  Speaker 1: he becomes their ally. So this decree also authorizes the
• 34:42
  Speaker 1: company to collect Bengali revenue. The EIC is now able
• 34:48
  Speaker 1: to collect the tax from ten million bengalleys like this.
• 34:54
  Speaker 1: This is unprecedented. And it is also because of these
• 34:57
  Speaker 1: two battles, the Battle of plus A and the Battle
• 34:59
  Speaker 1: of Buks And this also gives them this massive, massive
• 35:07
  Speaker 1: stretch of territory. So you've got uh go to mil
• 35:12
  Speaker 1: Nadu Orrisa, West Bengal, Bhr Maharashta, Gujarat Pradesh. And I
• 35:19
  Speaker 1: am sorry if I mispronounced those names. I did try
• 35:21
  Speaker 1: and practice, but I feel like I've sucked it up somehow.
• 35:24
  Speaker 1: So on top of this, because again they're fucking pissed
• 35:29
  Speaker 1: off at the French, they expel all of the Frenchmen
• 35:34
  Speaker 1: from Bengal just like no French, your French, get the
• 35:37
  Speaker 1: fuck out of Bengal. So and like over the next
• 35:41
  Speaker 1: few years, is responsible for like half of all of
• 35:46
  Speaker 1: the EIC's prophets. But Clive O, the greedy little goober mouch,
• 35:52
  Speaker 1: he wants more. You see Bengal's coffers. They're being drained
• 35:57
  Speaker 1: out of Bengal and into Britain. So not only is
• 36:02
  Speaker 1: like this chunk of look from Bengal going directly into
• 36:05
  Speaker 1: Clive's back pocket two hundred and thirty four thousand to
• 36:09
  Speaker 1: be exact, which is twenty three million pounds in today's money,
• 36:14
  Speaker 1: I shit you not. And he also gets two point
• 36:18
  Speaker 1: five million from the defeated rollers of Bengal and that
• 36:21
  Speaker 1: goes into the EIC treasury, which is two hundred and
• 36:26
  Speaker 1: fifty million pounds in today's money. Because corporate gradio, like
• 36:32
  Speaker 1: the entire contents of the Bengal treasury. We're just taken out,
• 36:40
  Speaker 1: put into boats and just sent down the Ganges over
• 36:45
  Speaker 1: to Fort William like nice and easy. Oh An a
• 36:48
  Speaker 1: big agent to it. But Robert Clive is thirty three
• 36:51
  Speaker 1: years old at this point, thirty three, and he has
• 36:54
  Speaker 1: all of this ridiculous money because he's a colonizing dick. Well,
• 37:00
  Speaker 1: because I forgot to mention as well. He also gets
• 37:02
  Speaker 1: an annual salary of thirty thousand pounds per year and
• 37:08
  Speaker 1: he claims jagir which is like tax revenue for life.
• 37:14
  Speaker 1: So he is making more money in more money and
• 37:17
  Speaker 1: more money. And so the East India Company, it is
• 37:21
  Speaker 1: firmly based in North East India, but obviously wants more
• 37:26
  Speaker 1: because of course it does, and it keeps expanding its
• 37:30
  Speaker 1: territory by doing what it does best, causing conflict. It
• 37:34
  Speaker 1: basically sets nawabs and princes against each other. So it's
• 37:39
  Speaker 1: causing more fractures like throughout these leadership in India and
• 37:45
  Speaker 1: like in Bengal. So the East India Company they are
• 37:48
  Speaker 1: running the show, but they've got like these puppet leaders,
• 37:51
  Speaker 1: like the Shattalam, they've got them in place, and so
• 37:54
  Speaker 1: they start replicating this all over and so they use
• 38:00
  Speaker 1: the name and authority of the Mughal Empire, which is
• 38:05
  Speaker 1: not really a thing at this point anymore, and they're
• 38:07
  Speaker 1: using it as as a political like disguise. Is that
• 38:14
  Speaker 1: is that a thing they're like hiding behind it. It's
• 38:16
  Speaker 1: a front. It's a front. That's the fucking word I'm
• 38:18
  Speaker 1: looking for. It's a front. The Mughal Empire is like
• 38:22
  Speaker 1: a front. And they use this in order to collect
• 38:26
  Speaker 1: taxes and they use like local rulers to do that.
• 38:29
  Speaker 1: And so it's yeah, I'm not saying it's like a
• 38:32
  Speaker 1: pyramid scheme, but like kind of I guess. And for
• 38:37
  Speaker 1: a good chunk of time, like British silver had been
• 38:41
  Speaker 1: used for trade, it was, but considering everything that aice
• 38:46
  Speaker 1: had their hands on, they didn't need to do that anymore,
• 38:50
  Speaker 1: you know, with all of the pilfering and pillaging and
• 38:53
  Speaker 1: corruption and treachery and proptying, you know. But yeah, I
• 38:58
  Speaker 1: like in Bengal, they dismissed all of the revenue officials
• 39:04
  Speaker 1: in India's major trading cities and replaced them with a
• 39:07
  Speaker 1: bunch of English fellas, which of course was just super
• 39:11
  Speaker 1: convenient for the East India Company. Unfortunately, the same could
• 39:16
  Speaker 1: not be said for the Bengalleys. It was an absolute
• 39:19
  Speaker 1: catastrophe with the East India Company being in control and
• 39:24
  Speaker 1: because of the Eics savagery, the engineer the worst famine
• 39:29
  Speaker 1: India had ever seen. Now, famine wasn't exactly unheard of
• 39:33
  Speaker 1: in India before, you know, the invasion of European powers,
• 39:38
  Speaker 1: but leaders of the time, the indigenous leaders, that is,
• 39:41
  Speaker 1: they actually gave a shit about their people, at least
• 39:45
  Speaker 1: in a monetary sense, you know. But the way colonialism
• 39:48
  Speaker 1: works is a colonial power can only really justify invading
• 39:55
  Speaker 1: another area, setting up its own government, and claiming everything
• 39:59
  Speaker 1: of yourself. The only way you can do that is
• 40:04
  Speaker 1: if the very base of your enterprise is systemic racism,
• 40:08
  Speaker 1: because you really have to convince yourselves that you are
• 40:10
  Speaker 1: more important than everybody else, than everybody else is lesser
• 40:14
  Speaker 1: than you. The people who aren't like you, are lesser
• 40:16
  Speaker 1: than you. So yeah, the East India Company, the amount
• 40:24
  Speaker 1: of famines that happened under the road is fucking ridiculous,
• 40:27
  Speaker 1: and they're all engineered by their own greened They've forced
• 40:31
  Speaker 1: farmers to grow high value crops like indigo and poppy.
• 40:35
  Speaker 1: But this isn't exactly because fabric dye and opium are
• 40:39
  Speaker 1: exactly what you need to stave away the hunger pangs.
• 40:43
  Speaker 1: And instead of putting any policies in place to you know,
• 40:45
  Speaker 1: maybe curve the whole starving a nation to death thing,
• 40:50
  Speaker 1: you know, they actually slashed wages and hoarded food grains
• 40:55
  Speaker 1: and then price scouted them. And not only that, oh
• 40:59
  Speaker 1: my god, it gets it's worse. Not only were they
• 41:02
  Speaker 1: not allowing them to grow fucking food, but they also
• 41:06
  Speaker 1: forced peasant farmers to give them half half of their
• 41:12
  Speaker 1: cash harvest. And then what happened, surprisingly during a fucking famine,
• 41:18
  Speaker 1: a bunch of people die. So these peasants they die,
• 41:23
  Speaker 1: and what does the East India Company do. They raise
• 41:25
  Speaker 1: the taxes some more because they have to, you know,
• 41:30
  Speaker 1: make up for the loss of the taxation that they
• 41:33
  Speaker 1: lost because dead people can't pay taxes. What a fucking surprise.
• 41:38
  Speaker 1: Maybe if you want to get money from these people,
• 41:41
  Speaker 1: you might want to actually keep them alive a wee
• 41:43
  Speaker 1: bit longer. Anyway, by the end, ten million people died,
• 41:52
  Speaker 1: but their profits were at a record high, So of
• 41:56
  Speaker 1: course they didn't give a flying fuck, and they were
• 41:59
  Speaker 1: really really proud of it, because company officials boasted about it.
• 42:04
  Speaker 1: But of course never fucking satisfied because you know what
• 42:07
  Speaker 1: they did. They sent their armies into Indian towns, villages,
• 42:12
  Speaker 1: cities to ransack them and to torture the people there
• 42:17
  Speaker 1: to find their expensive goods. Also, in addition, furthermore, I
• 42:24
  Speaker 1: know you're going to be absolutely flabbergasted with this new
• 42:26
  Speaker 1: piece of information I'm about to provide you, but the
• 42:30
  Speaker 1: East India Company was also involved in the slave trade.
• 42:33
  Speaker 1: I know you're shocked. They have been just a pillar
• 42:37
  Speaker 1: of justice up until now, and they had been trading
• 42:41
  Speaker 1: people for the majority of the seventeen hundreds. By the
• 42:44
  Speaker 1: seventeen thirties, it had a large scale transportation of enslaved
• 42:49
  Speaker 1: people and this continued all the way up to the
• 42:52
  Speaker 1: seventeen seventies. So not only did it engage in the
• 42:55
  Speaker 1: slave trade, it engaged others in the slave trade to
• 42:58
  Speaker 1: maximize profits, so it would send some enslaved people to
• 43:03
  Speaker 1: its outposts and settlements in India to basically well be slaves.
• 43:09
  Speaker 1: And not only did the company have actual slaves, it
• 43:12
  Speaker 1: also brought in indentured servants and horrific working conditions for
• 43:18
  Speaker 1: Indian artisans as well, so weaivers and other such people
• 43:23
  Speaker 1: in the you know, the textile industry. The company forced
• 43:26
  Speaker 1: them to accept fucking pittance for wages, and so this
• 43:31
  Speaker 1: industry just declines. So the East India Company over over
• 43:38
  Speaker 1: the period of its existence, de industrializes Bengal and like
• 43:43
  Speaker 1: even as a company, it can't control itself properly because
• 43:46
  Speaker 1: there was so much fucking corruption that there was these
• 43:51
  Speaker 1: shortfalls and expected revenues, and the East India Company is
• 43:56
  Speaker 1: left with debts of one and a half million pounds
• 43:59
  Speaker 1: and it owes like a million quid and unpaid tax
• 44:03
  Speaker 1: like to Britain to the crown. And this knowledge becomes public,
• 44:09
  Speaker 1: resulting in like thirty banks collapsing all over Europe and
• 44:14
  Speaker 1: trade just stops. This does sound vaguely familiar, doesn't it.
• 44:19
  Speaker 1: So this is the very first I think, And so
• 44:22
  Speaker 1: in seventeen seventy two they need a bailout and they
• 44:25
  Speaker 1: go to the Bank of England because there's an investigation,
• 44:28
  Speaker 1: you see, and they realized there's so much fucking corruption
• 44:31
  Speaker 1: and all of these, you know, people who had worked
• 44:35
  Speaker 1: for the East India Company just seemed to be getting
• 44:38
  Speaker 1: loads of money and seemed to be doing really well
• 44:39
  Speaker 1: for themselves, and people were getting really fucking suspicious and
• 44:44
  Speaker 1: they started to learn that these people were living in India,
• 44:47
  Speaker 1: living the high life and they were receiving like jukiers.
• 44:52
  Speaker 1: And so they get a massive bailout and people like Clive,
• 44:58
  Speaker 1: Robert Clive, who has gained seat in the House of Lords,
• 45:01
  Speaker 1: he has been knighted and he is sitting on a
• 45:03
  Speaker 1: pretty fortune. He's also battling a an opium addiction. Okay,
• 45:09
  Speaker 1: trigger warning, I'm gonna mention suicides. You're gonna want to
• 45:12
  Speaker 1: skip forward about twenty seconds from now. So Robert Clive
• 45:17
  Speaker 1: in seventeen seventy four takes his own life by slicing
• 45:20
  Speaker 1: his jugular with a blunt paper knife. He left no
• 45:24
  Speaker 1: note and when he passed, he was buried in an
• 45:26
  Speaker 1: unmarked grave. Okay, now that we've got that over with.
• 45:30
  Speaker 1: So yes, it was at this point in seventeen seventy
• 45:34
  Speaker 1: two or seventy seventy three, that it became very apparent
• 45:38
  Speaker 1: that you know, the East India Company had gone rogue
• 45:42
  Speaker 1: and that they needed, you know, some some regulation, some supervision.
• 45:48
  Speaker 1: Like the East India Company was supposed to have been
• 45:50
  Speaker 1: paying like forty six million pounds in today's money, like
• 45:54
  Speaker 1: to the government in order to like keep the monopoly
• 45:57
  Speaker 1: on on your trade in India. But then it hadn't
• 46:03
  Speaker 1: been paying it since seventeen sixty eight because it had
• 46:06
  Speaker 1: been too busy just reaping the funds for himself, because
• 46:10
  Speaker 1: it had the money, because it had been stealing it.
• 46:14
  Speaker 1: So the Regulating Act of seventeen seventy three comes in,
• 46:17
  Speaker 1: and this moves towards government control because it has a
• 46:23
  Speaker 1: foothold in India and the government wants control of India,
• 46:27
  Speaker 1: so it doesn't want to fuck everything up just yet.
• 46:30
  Speaker 1: So the Regulating Act it's supposed to prohibit the company
• 46:35
  Speaker 1: from receiving you know, gifts, rewards and bribes and sure, okay.
• 46:44
  Speaker 1: And it basically sets the foundation for like centralized administration
• 46:49
  Speaker 1: in India because it amalgamates like the Madras, Mumbai and
• 46:55
  Speaker 1: Bengal sort of governments so the Governor of Bengal becomes
• 46:59
  Speaker 1: the Governor General of India with an executive council of
• 47:03
  Speaker 1: it's like four people, and so Warren Hastings becomes the
• 47:07
  Speaker 1: first Governor General and it establishes in Fort Williams in Kokura.
• 47:12
  Speaker 1: There's like a Supreme court and it has the British
• 47:14
  Speaker 1: legal system and the regulations. It just gets worse because
• 47:20
  Speaker 1: it just continues to fuck up the Bengali textile industry
• 47:24
  Speaker 1: because now there's an eighty percent tax on important Indian cotton,
• 47:28
  Speaker 1: which is to protect the British textile industry, and so
• 47:35
  Speaker 1: Bengali textile it's going less out. And then the main
• 47:39
  Speaker 1: export is opium, which is being sent to China, because
• 47:47
  Speaker 1: of course it is. It's taking opium to China, it's
• 47:50
  Speaker 1: taking tea to America. It's just it's just a smuggler's
• 47:56
  Speaker 1: board of bullshit. I'm like, here's the thing. The East
• 47:59
  Speaker 1: India Company at this point, it wasn't it wasn't ruled
• 48:04
  Speaker 1: by the crown. It was only kind of connected to
• 48:06
  Speaker 1: the Crown, so it could engage in all this shit
• 48:09
  Speaker 1: without sort of retaliation happening. So it could get away
• 48:15
  Speaker 1: with more things without fucking things up before Britain because
• 48:17
  Speaker 1: it wasn't you know, Britain that was doing it, it
• 48:20
  Speaker 1: was the East India Company. And so the East India
• 48:23
  Speaker 1: Company just keeps fucking growing. So it gets to the
• 48:28
  Speaker 1: point that by eighteen oh three, when it captures Delhi,
• 48:34
  Speaker 1: that it has an army of two hundred and sixty
• 48:37
  Speaker 1: thousand men. Two hundred and sixty thousand, like that was
• 48:43
  Speaker 1: double the British army at the time, and the United
• 48:46
  Speaker 1: States army around about this time, for context, was twelve
• 48:49
  Speaker 1: thousand men. And even if you add in like the
• 48:54
  Speaker 1: Marines and like the Navy, it's like another six thousand.
• 48:59
  Speaker 1: So yeah, like, the East India Company's private army was
• 49:05
  Speaker 1: fucking huge. And through all of this you've got the
• 49:10
  Speaker 1: Crown technically being separate from the East India Company. And
• 49:14
  Speaker 1: so it's in Britain's best interest to protect the company
• 49:21
  Speaker 1: because it's still able to do what Britain wants and
• 49:25
  Speaker 1: to get that foothold. Oh it's just absolute bollocks, isn't it.
• 49:31
  Speaker 1: And yeah, all from a staff of less than one
• 49:34
  Speaker 1: hundred and sixty like bollocks. So, yeah, the East India
• 49:39
  Speaker 1: Company has a fucking army and it also has this
• 49:42
  Speaker 1: massive network, this administrative network throughout the country. And even
• 49:47
  Speaker 1: though it's not a full conquest of the country, this
• 49:50
  Speaker 1: is colonialism by corporation, Like it's not even by a country.
• 49:59
  Speaker 1: This is what absolute bullshit is this colonialism by corporation,
• 50:04
  Speaker 1: Like that's that's what's fucking astounding to me. It's like,
• 50:08
  Speaker 1: this is just like could you imagine Ikea just showing
• 50:12
  Speaker 1: up and kicking the door in and being like, we
• 50:14
  Speaker 1: own this shit now, and now we own your neighbor's house,
• 50:17
  Speaker 1: and now you have to pay me taxes, Like what
• 50:21
  Speaker 1: it's it's I mean, technically, Amazon, I think owns my soul.
• 50:25
  Speaker 1: I'm pretty sure it's in the terms of conditions, but like,
• 50:30
  Speaker 1: could you imagine It's absolutely ridiculous. But yeah, I'm going
• 50:35
  Speaker 1: off and I ran back to the thing. So from
• 50:38
  Speaker 1: around eighteen oh three, Napoleon he's kicking about and he
• 50:41
  Speaker 1: is fucking things up because he realizes he can't fight
• 50:46
  Speaker 1: and you know war, he decides to hit them where
• 50:49
  Speaker 1: it hurts in the money. So because he loved warring
• 50:53
  Speaker 1: so much and realizing he couldn't beat Britain in that way,
• 50:57
  Speaker 1: he imposes this economic blockade. Yes, like in Star Wars,
• 51:02
  Speaker 1: and and so trading in Europe is just fucked up
• 51:06
  Speaker 1: for Britain. And so they're trying to get into Asia,
• 51:09
  Speaker 1: and because they want to get into Asia, they need
• 51:11
  Speaker 1: to dissolve this whole monopoly that the East India Company has.
• 51:16
  Speaker 1: And so between this and Adam Smith's whole like free
• 51:18
  Speaker 1: trade scenario, people are kind of more into the concept
• 51:22
  Speaker 1: of dissolving the company or the company's monopoly and to
• 51:28
  Speaker 1: improve the growth of British industry and trade. And though
• 51:33
  Speaker 1: it does take a full decade to get into place,
• 51:35
  Speaker 1: the Charter Act, it basically strips the East India Company
• 51:41
  Speaker 1: of this or the monopoly of the Indian trade and
• 51:46
  Speaker 1: so other merchants they come in and they're allowed to
• 51:49
  Speaker 1: trade in India, but there's this like really strict license system,
• 51:54
  Speaker 1: and then by eighteen thirty three it also loses the
• 51:58
  Speaker 1: monopoly in China. Now I didn't cover China so much
• 52:02
  Speaker 1: in this episode. I might do it another time, but
• 52:05
  Speaker 1: this would be like a two to three hour episode
• 52:07
  Speaker 1: and I just can't and I don't think any of
• 52:10
  Speaker 1: us have time for that right now. So it basically
• 52:13
  Speaker 1: becomes this administrative body for British territories in India, and
• 52:20
  Speaker 1: the Act also allowed British people to settle in India.
• 52:25
  Speaker 1: And so you've got Brits coming in and you've got
• 52:29
  Speaker 1: fucking Christian missionaries and Indians are like, what the actual
• 52:35
  Speaker 1: fuck is this nonsense? Because like it's bad enough you've
• 52:39
  Speaker 1: littered our treasures and our jewels and our you know, money,
• 52:45
  Speaker 1: but now you're going to take our culture from us?
• 52:48
  Speaker 1: Like what absolute tom fuckery is this? Like no, no,
• 52:57
  Speaker 1: So like religion in like Indian societ, Like they're pissed off.
• 53:02
  Speaker 1: I mean you've got like they managed to piss off
• 53:04
  Speaker 1: simultaneously Hindus Muslims and Seeks seeks. How do you piss
• 53:09
  Speaker 1: off a Sikh? So not only do they decide to
• 53:12
  Speaker 1: like tear apart, you know, religion and culture, they also
• 53:15
  Speaker 1: tried to enforce the English education system. So around about
• 53:20
  Speaker 1: this time as well, the Victorians they kind of look
• 53:24
  Speaker 1: at everything that happened in India and they're starting to
• 53:26
  Speaker 1: feel a little bit funny about it. Could you remember
• 53:30
  Speaker 1: they saw themselves as the intellectual descendants of like the Romans,
• 53:34
  Speaker 1: and they saw themselves as being cultured and respectable and civilized.
• 53:39
  Speaker 1: And so by bringing in these changes by trying to
• 53:43
  Speaker 1: anglicize India. They felt like, we're helping look at us,
• 53:47
  Speaker 1: We're bringing this, this and this, because they really did
• 53:50
  Speaker 1: see themselves as superior and they felt that by doing this,
• 53:55
  Speaker 1: by this whole colonization situation, they were improving the lives
• 53:59
  Speaker 1: as if you hadn't fucked them up in the first place.
• 54:02
  Speaker 1: But like whatever, So although many Indians were rightfully suspicious
• 54:06
  Speaker 1: of the fucking missionaries, they would use you know, techniques
• 54:10
  Speaker 1: and gimmicks and other bullshit to convert people, and it
• 54:14
  Speaker 1: really was about anglicizing India. And then so like the
• 54:20
  Speaker 1: churches will be fine and the bishops will be fine.
• 54:24
  Speaker 1: But they started taxing lands belonging to like mosques and temples,
• 54:29
  Speaker 1: as if that isn't just playing bigotry, Like it's obvious.
• 54:34
  Speaker 1: But most of the country at this point is under
• 54:38
  Speaker 1: the control of the East India Company, and at this
• 54:43
  Speaker 1: point they are desperate to seize you know, the last
• 54:48
  Speaker 1: few remaining areas which aren't under their control, and so
• 54:52
  Speaker 1: they start putting in these really awful policies like the
• 54:56
  Speaker 1: doctrine of lapse, and then and they just start annexing
• 55:00
  Speaker 1: these independent states. So I'm gonna apologize for my shitty
• 55:05
  Speaker 1: pronunciation again, I really am trying. Udauper Satara Nagpur, Simbulper, Simbalper,
• 55:12
  Speaker 1: Joutper and jan Zy jan Zy. That's the one with
• 55:17
  Speaker 1: laxed me by. She was the she was awesome. She's
• 55:21
  Speaker 1: in one of my kid's books actually, And this just
• 55:25
  Speaker 1: fucks up everything. And I think like her son wasn't
• 55:28
  Speaker 1: permitted to sit on the throne and stuff like that,
• 55:30
  Speaker 1: so it just fucks up like succession and everything else.
• 55:34
  Speaker 1: So on top of this, you've also got people that
• 55:37
  Speaker 1: are losing their jobs and there's heavy like taxation and
• 55:42
  Speaker 1: everything is just it's just deteriorating the area. And with
• 55:49
  Speaker 1: this going on, Oh and what did I forget? I
• 55:53
  Speaker 1: did forget the very very obvious and aggressive racism of
• 55:58
  Speaker 1: Indian soldiers, the who joined the company and Indian soldiers,
• 56:03
  Speaker 1: they're paid less, they're trude like shit, and they were
• 56:07
  Speaker 1: always forced to serve far away and they would be
• 56:11
  Speaker 1: sent even like out with Indian borders. The whole purpose
• 56:15
  Speaker 1: was they were going to be removed from an area.
• 56:17
  Speaker 1: They know. They wanted to alienate them, they wanted to
• 56:22
  Speaker 1: make it uncomfortable for them. And I'm fairly certain. This
• 56:26
  Speaker 1: is where the Butcher of Hydrabad comes from, Like he
• 56:32
  Speaker 1: had turned guns on a bunch of his own men
• 56:34
  Speaker 1: because he was a fucking cuntfyce bastard. But anyway, all
• 56:40
  Speaker 1: this leads to just unrest in India and people being
• 56:45
  Speaker 1: absolutely done with this colonial exploitation. So by eighteen fifty
• 56:51
  Speaker 1: seven there's the first uprising and it always started with
• 56:55
  Speaker 1: a rumor, and the rumor was designed to upset Indian soldiers.
• 57:02
  Speaker 1: So whether it was true or it wasn't true, it
• 57:05
  Speaker 1: doesn't matter. The whole purpose of it was to just
• 57:08
  Speaker 1: completely destroy these people. So these cartridges are given to
• 57:15
  Speaker 1: soldiers for the rifles, right, and the carters have to
• 57:18
  Speaker 1: be greased, so before you load the rifle, you have
• 57:24
  Speaker 1: to bite the cover of the cartridges. And the rumor
• 57:28
  Speaker 1: was that these were greased with the fat of cows
• 57:34
  Speaker 1: and pigs. So obviously, if you're Hindu or Muslim, you
• 57:39
  Speaker 1: literally can't do that. So they refuse to bite the
• 57:41
  Speaker 1: thing of the cartridge because you know, you can't do
• 57:46
  Speaker 1: that because it's against your religion one and two you know,
• 57:51
  Speaker 1: it's just really fucking disrespectful. Hey, I can't touch this,
• 57:55
  Speaker 1: you know, No put it in your mouth, what is
• 57:59
  Speaker 1: wrong with you? Like it was done deliberately to upset
• 58:03
  Speaker 1: these particular people. So the first person to come forward
• 58:09
  Speaker 1: is this fellow called Mango Pande. He is just the
• 58:11
  Speaker 1: first person to protest, and of course they have to
• 58:13
  Speaker 1: make a show of room. So within two weeks they
• 58:15
  Speaker 1: hang him. And in me route there are these soldiers
• 58:18
  Speaker 1: who absolutely refuse to you know, touch the cartridges and
• 58:22
  Speaker 1: they get put in jail and because of this, like
• 58:26
  Speaker 1: it was like eighty five of them, because of this
• 58:28
  Speaker 1: other Indian soldiers they kill the British officer and go
• 58:31
  Speaker 1: to free you know, the other fellows that are in jail,
• 58:34
  Speaker 1: and they march to Delhi and they are joined with
• 58:37
  Speaker 1: more soldiers and more soldiers and they seize Delhi and
• 58:42
  Speaker 1: declare it part of the Mughal Empire. And it's just
• 58:46
  Speaker 1: is mad. I mean, the British do recapture Delhi like
• 58:50
  Speaker 1: within a few months. But the point is they try
• 58:55
  Speaker 1: to like bring it down and talk about it as
• 58:58
  Speaker 1: if it's like this tiny little mutiny. But they were
• 59:01
  Speaker 1: just amassing soldiers. So this uprising happens and it is
• 59:09
  Speaker 1: actually eighty percent of the East India Company's own Indian troops.
• 59:15
  Speaker 1: And so not only do they kill British soldiers and officers,
• 59:18
  Speaker 1: they are killing civilians and they are killing other Indians
• 59:22
  Speaker 1: who were loyal to the British Crown or the British
• 59:24
  Speaker 1: East India Company either or it's all the same at
• 59:27
  Speaker 1: this point to them. And so the East India Company
• 59:31
  Speaker 1: is so fucking sure of their own just inflated self
• 59:37
  Speaker 1: worth that they have invented from destroying other nations that
• 59:44
  Speaker 1: they just killed thousands and thousands of soldiers, and of
• 59:52
  Speaker 1: course anybody who sympathized with these quote unquote rebels they
• 59:56
  Speaker 1: also got killed. And at this point the British government,
• 1:00:03
  Speaker 1: who has just kind of been like actively ignoring shit,
• 1:00:06
  Speaker 1: it's been looking the other way for I don't know
• 1:00:08
  Speaker 1: a century or two. At this point it's like, hey,
• 1:00:12
  Speaker 1: let's not do this. And you know, in order to
• 1:00:18
  Speaker 1: cross a line, like for the for the British government
• 1:00:22
  Speaker 1: to just be like, oh, you've gone too far, do
• 1:00:26
  Speaker 1: you know how big a deal that has to be.
• 1:00:30
  Speaker 1: So in eighteen fifty eight, the Crown it abolishes the
• 1:00:36
  Speaker 1: East India Company, like he doesn't give India a dependence,
• 1:00:39
  Speaker 1: it you know, stays there and takes control and you know,
• 1:00:42
  Speaker 1: India remains under was it a British rule for what
• 1:00:45
  Speaker 1: another nearly ninety years, I think it is. But the
• 1:00:51
  Speaker 1: East India Company, it is disbanded and it is effectively done.
• 1:00:57
  Speaker 1: It's effectively done. It's it's always play down this whole
• 1:01:01
  Speaker 1: incident which led to the disbandment of the East India Company.
• 1:01:05
  Speaker 1: But it's basically the First War of Independence, like it is,
• 1:01:11
  Speaker 1: and the East India Company it goes lumping away slowly
• 1:01:14
  Speaker 1: but surely until eighteen seventy four when it's like officially
• 1:01:19
  Speaker 1: dissolved because it still exists on paper. But after this
• 1:01:23
  Speaker 1: it's just it is caput, you know. And so eighteen
• 1:01:28
  Speaker 1: seventy four is the demise, the final nail in the
• 1:01:32
  Speaker 1: coffin for the East India Company. And so that's the
• 1:01:37
  Speaker 1: end of this story of this thing I really wanted
• 1:01:40
  Speaker 1: to talk about and ended up going into a rant
• 1:01:43
  Speaker 1: about taxation on more than one occasion. But yeah, that's
• 1:01:48
  Speaker 1: that's the tale. And if you liked my retelling of
• 1:01:52
  Speaker 1: this horrific piece of history, please feel free to write
• 1:01:57
  Speaker 1: and review five stars on Apple and Spot. There's an
• 1:02:01
  Speaker 1: option on both of them to you know, fill out
• 1:02:03
  Speaker 1: a review and say nice things. Please get five stars
• 1:02:06
  Speaker 1: because the algorithm doesn't understand anything less, so please do that.
• 1:02:11
  Speaker 1: Also sidebar, Now that I'm out of this, some dude
• 1:02:15
  Speaker 1: was like he went out of his way, and I
• 1:02:19
  Speaker 1: don't know who he was because he sent me like
• 1:02:21
  Speaker 1: a paragraph after paragraph DM and when you do that,
• 1:02:26
  Speaker 1: I know from the first like like sentence, like where
• 1:02:29
  Speaker 1: the tone of this is going to be? And this
• 1:02:31
  Speaker 1: was a whole will actually post and I was like, no,
• 1:02:34
  Speaker 1: I don't need to read this, and I just deleted
• 1:02:36
  Speaker 1: it because it's no, it's not going to do that.
• 1:02:40
  Speaker 1: And so he made a point of after I blocked
• 1:02:43
  Speaker 1: him because I'm like, I'm not going to deal with this,
• 1:02:45
  Speaker 1: he made a point of trying to contact me on
• 1:02:48
  Speaker 1: two other social media platforms and then decided to give
• 1:02:51
  Speaker 1: me a one star review on the podcast. Like, dude,
• 1:02:56
  Speaker 1: just like get over it, Like that's a level of
• 1:03:00
  Speaker 1: that you don't need to be. But anyway, if you
• 1:03:03
  Speaker 1: want to just prove this dude wrong and prove that
• 1:03:06
  Speaker 1: I'm not awful, that would be so nice and I'd
• 1:03:09
  Speaker 1: love you so much, thank you very much. Now, I
• 1:03:13
  Speaker 1: was going to talk about something at the end of
• 1:03:14
  Speaker 1: the show. What was it? Because I've been recording four
• 1:03:18
  Speaker 1: hours and my brain is putting at this point. It's
• 1:03:23
  Speaker 1: going to be really funny because I was think editing
• 1:03:26
  Speaker 1: is very interesting because it takes so many hours me
• 1:03:33
  Speaker 1: to record this and I'm going to be like taking
• 1:03:37
  Speaker 1: pieces away and I have gone on to so many
• 1:03:42
  Speaker 1: rants about so many things. It's going to be interesting
• 1:03:44
  Speaker 1: to see what I've actually left in. But anyway, so
• 1:03:50
  Speaker 1: my trove a trip. It's been approved to Scotland because
• 1:03:54
  Speaker 1: it's like a bunch of areas in Scotland that I
• 1:03:56
  Speaker 1: haven't been to and Edinburgh. I've to Edinburgh, but I
• 1:04:01
  Speaker 1: haven't been up north since I think the furthest I've
• 1:04:05
  Speaker 1: been is Sterling. I never really got a chance to
• 1:04:08
  Speaker 1: go places. And I'm really excited it because it's going
• 1:04:10
  Speaker 1: to be like May next year and more details are
• 1:04:14
  Speaker 1: going to come. But there is a link down below
• 1:04:16
  Speaker 1: if you want to, you know, put down your interest
• 1:04:18
  Speaker 1: and when I have more information, I'll give you some
• 1:04:21
  Speaker 1: more information. I am going to be performing at the
• 1:04:25
  Speaker 1: dunfana Hey Workhouse in dune Gull for Culture Week at
• 1:04:29
  Speaker 1: times and details to follow, but that's going to be happening.
• 1:04:33
  Speaker 1: That's been pretty fun and if you are a longtime
• 1:04:36
  Speaker 1: listener and you want to see me do a live
• 1:04:38
  Speaker 1: show somewhere, let me know where you're from. Even if
• 1:04:42
  Speaker 1: you DM me on Instagram, I'll get it. Maybe I
• 1:04:44
  Speaker 1: should put a poll together, so it's not weird that
• 1:04:46
  Speaker 1: I'm just collecting people's information. I just feel like, if
• 1:04:51
  Speaker 1: I was to do a live show, where should I go? Like,
• 1:04:54
  Speaker 1: where are my options? At least I know where people
• 1:04:56
  Speaker 1: actually want to see me. There's been a few options,
• 1:05:01
  Speaker 1: and you know, I really need to organize it well
• 1:05:04
  Speaker 1: in advance as it turns out. So if you'd like
• 1:05:08
  Speaker 1: to see me, let me know where I should go.
• 1:05:11
  Speaker 1: And of course it is recommendation time, so for listening,
• 1:05:16
  Speaker 1: I am going to recommend she done it. It's this
• 1:05:20
  Speaker 1: podcast by Carolyn Crampton, and she has the most soothing
• 1:05:24
  Speaker 1: voice I have ever heard of my life. Sometimes I
• 1:05:27
  Speaker 1: would have to re listen to episodes because during my
• 1:05:30
  Speaker 1: really bad insomnia phases, the only thing that could put
• 1:05:34
  Speaker 1: me to sleep was the sound of her voice, because
• 1:05:36
  Speaker 1: it's so relaxing, and she talks about like the mysteries
• 1:05:41
  Speaker 1: behind classic detective stories. She talks about the stories behind
• 1:05:45
  Speaker 1: the fiction, and it's so glorious and it's much up
• 1:05:48
  Speaker 1: my street. I fucking love it. And the artwork is beautiful.
• 1:05:51
  Speaker 1: I love it all. So that's for listening. For reading,
• 1:05:54
  Speaker 1: I'm going to suggest Gentlemen, Rogues and Wicked Ladies. A
• 1:05:57
  Speaker 1: Guide to British Highwaymen and Highway Women by Few and
• 1:06:00
  Speaker 1: A McDonald. It is. It's just like a little biography
• 1:06:05
  Speaker 1: book and it's just about like Dick Turpin and Kerry
• 1:06:08
  Speaker 1: Fletcher and things like that, and it's fab I fucking
• 1:06:11
  Speaker 1: love it. And for watching, if you were not already
• 1:06:15
  Speaker 1: watching Secret Invasion, I don't know what else to tell you,
• 1:06:18
  Speaker 1: my friend. It's just it's pulling up my soul. But yeah,
• 1:06:23
  Speaker 1: go watch it. And now that we have covered that,
• 1:06:26
  Speaker 1: I am going to bid you good night Ariels or
• 1:06:30
  Speaker 1: of what is in my Friends, Bye bye,