Latest / Systematic Geekology / Inklings Unplugged: Live from Holy Trinity Lutheran Church

Transcript

Inklings Unplugged: Live from Holy Trinity Lutheran Church · Systematic Geekology

• 1:16
  Your
• 1:16
  friendly
• 1:17
  neighborhood
• 1:17
  geek
• 1:18
  will
• 1:18
  Rose
• 1:18
  here
• 1:19
  and
• 1:19
  we
• 1:20
  are
• 1:20
  really
• 1:20
  excited
• 1:20
  to
• 1:20
  share
• 1:21
  this
• 1:21
  episode
• 1:22
  with
• 1:22
  you.
• 1:22
  What
• 1:22
  you're
• 1:22
  about
• 1:23
  to
• 1:23
  hear
• 1:23
  is
• 1:24
  a
• 1:24
  live
• 1:24
  lecture
• 1:25
  and
• 1:25
  podcast
• 1:26
  that
• 1:27
  hosted
• 1:27
  at
• 1:27
  my
• 1:28
  church
• 1:28
  here
• 1:28
  in
• 1:28
  Chapel
• 1:29
  Hill,
• 1:29
  North
• 1:29
  Carolina.
• 1:30
  We
• 1:31
  set
• 1:31
  up
• 1:31
  our
• 1:31
  fellowship
• 1:32
  hall
• 1:32
  as
• 1:32
  Inklings
• 1:33
  Pub
• 1:34
  and
• 1:34
  we
• 1:34
  eeked
• 1:35
  out
• 1:35
  on
• 1:35
  CS
• 1:35
  Lewis,
• 1:36
  JRR
• 1:37
  Tolkien
• 1:38
  4.
• 1:40
  We
• 1:40
  recorded
• 1:41
  this
• 1:41
  on
• 1:41
  Reformation
• 1:42
  Sunday.
• 1:42
  So
• 1:43
  we
• 1:43
  entitled
• 1:43
  this
• 1:43
  lecture
• 1:44
  the
• 1:44
  Reformation
• 1:45
  of
• 1:45
  Redemption.
• 1:46
  The
• 1:47
  lecture
• 1:47
  was
• 1:47
  given
• 1:47
  by
• 1:48
  Crystal
• 1:49
  and
• 1:49
  David
• 1:49
  Downing,
• 1:50
  who
• 1:50
  are
• 1:51
  huge
• 1:52
  Lewis,
• 1:52
  Tolkien
• 1:53
  and
• 1:53
  Sayers
• 1:53
  Ecology.
• 1:55
  David
• 1:55
  and
• 1:55
  Crystal
• 1:56
  are
• 1:56
  co
• 1:56
  directors
• 1:57
  of
• 1:57
  the
• 1:57
  Marion
• 1:58
  E.
• 1:58
  Lead
• 1:59
  center
• 1:59
  at
• 1:59
  Wheaton
• 2:00
  College
• 2:01
  and
• 2:01
  they're
• 2:01
  retired
• 2:01
  professors
• 2:02
  at
• 2:03
  Sciatic
• 2:04
  University.
• 2:05
  And
• 2:06
  our
• 2:06
  whole
• 2:07
  point
• 2:08
  of
• 2:08
  this
• 2:08
  was
• 2:09
  to
• 2:09
  really
• 2:10
  lift
• 2:10
  up
• 2:11
  what
• 2:12
  Lewis
• 2:12
  and
• 2:13
  Tolkien
• 2:14
  and
• 2:14
  Sayers
• 2:15
  did
• 2:15
  in
• 2:15
  their
• 2:16
  time
• 2:16
  and
• 2:17
  focused
• 2:18
  on
• 2:18
  their
• 2:18
  book
• 2:18
  group,
• 2:18
  the
• 2:19
  Inklings,
• 2:19
  where
• 2:19
  they
• 2:20
  gather
• 2:20
  in
• 2:20
  a
• 2:20
  pub,
• 2:21
  share
• 2:21
  their
• 2:21
  writings
• 2:22
  and
• 2:22
  to
• 2:22
  build
• 2:22
  off
• 2:23
  each
• 2:23
  other
• 2:23
  and
• 2:23
  to
• 2:23
  inspire
• 2:24
  each
• 2:24
  other
• 2:24
  and
• 2:24
  to
• 2:25
  challenge
• 2:25
  each
• 2:25
  other.
• 2:26
  And
• 2:26
  we
• 2:26
  really
• 2:27
  had
• 2:27
  a
• 2:27
  good
• 2:27
  time
• 2:27
  with
• 2:28
  this.
• 2:28
  And
• 2:29
  really
• 2:29
  what
• 2:30
  we
• 2:30
  do
• 2:30
  here
• 2:30
  at
• 2:30
  Systemicology
• 2:31
  is
• 2:32
  what
• 2:32
  they
• 2:32
  were
• 2:32
  doing
• 2:33
  with
• 2:33
  the
• 2:33
  Inklings.
• 2:34
  They
• 2:34
  were
• 2:34
  gathering
• 2:35
  with
• 2:35
  friends
• 2:35
  to
• 2:36
  share
• 2:36
  what
• 2:36
  they
• 2:36
  were
• 2:36
  kicking
• 2:37
  out
• 2:37
  about
• 2:37
  and
• 2:38
  then
• 2:38
  to
• 2:38
  workshop
• 2:39
  some
• 2:39
  of
• 2:39
  their
• 2:39
  projects
• 2:40
  and
• 2:40
  ideas
• 2:41
  and
• 2:41
  thoughts.
• 2:41
  And
• 2:42
  so
• 2:43
  we
• 2:43
  hope
• 2:43
  that
• 2:44
  we
• 2:44
  can
• 2:44
  with
• 2:44
  this
• 2:44
  for
• 2:45
  a
• 2:45
  long
• 2:45
  time
• 2:45
  here
• 2:45
  at
• 2:46
  Systemic
• 2:46
  Theology
• 2:47
  and
• 2:47
  so
• 2:48
  gather
• 2:48
  around
• 2:49
  the
• 2:49
  pub
• 2:50
  and
• 2:50
  listen
• 2:51
  to
• 2:51
  us
• 2:51
  geek
• 2:51
  out
• 2:52
  about
• 2:52
  the
• 2:52
  Inklings
• 2:53
  and
• 2:53
  some
• 2:53
  of
• 2:53
  our
• 2:53
  favorite
• 2:54
  creators
• 2:54
  and
• 2:55
  authors
• 2:56
  all
• 2:56
  time.
• 2:56
  I
• 2:56
  do
• 2:57
  also
• 2:57
  want
• 2:58
  to
• 2:58
  mention
• 2:58
  that
• 2:59
  we
• 3:00
  had
• 3:00
  a
• 3:00
  podcast
• 3:01
  and
• 3:01
  a
• 3:01
  YouTube
• 3:02
  video
• 3:02
  not
• 3:02
  that
• 3:02
  long
• 3:03
  ago
• 3:03
  where
• 3:03
  we
• 3:03
  talked
• 3:04
  with
• 3:04
  John
• 3:04
  Hendricks
• 3:06
  about
• 3:06
  his
• 3:06
  book
• 3:06
  the
• 3:07
  Myth
• 3:07
  Makers.
• 3:07
  It
• 3:07
  really
• 3:08
  went
• 3:08
  really
• 3:08
  deep
• 3:08
  with
• 3:09
  the
• 3:09
  friendship
• 3:09
  of
• 3:10
  C.S.
• 3:10
  lewis
• 3:11
  and
• 3:11
  Tolkien,
• 3:12
  and
• 3:12
  that
• 3:12
  was
• 3:12
  a
• 3:13
  lot
• 3:13
  of
• 3:13
  fun
• 3:13
  too.
• 3:13
  So
• 3:13
  if
• 3:14
  you're
• 3:14
  really
• 3:14
  into
• 3:14
  CS
• 3:15
  Lewis
• 3:15
  and
• 3:15
  Tolkien
• 3:15
  and
• 3:16
  Dorothy
• 3:16
  Sayers,
• 3:16
  you'll
• 3:17
  have
• 3:17
  a
• 3:17
  blast
• 3:17
  with
• 3:17
  this
• 3:17
  episode.
• 3:18
  But
• 3:18
  we've
• 3:18
  also
• 3:18
  talked
• 3:19
  about
• 3:19
  this
• 3:19
  on
• 3:20
  other
• 3:21
  podcasts
• 3:21
  and
• 3:22
  YouTube
• 3:23
  videos
• 3:23
  as
• 3:23
  well.
• 3:23
  So
• 3:23
  we
• 3:23
  hope
• 3:24
  you
• 3:24
  can
• 3:24
  get
• 3:24
  go
• 3:24
  deep
• 3:25
  dive
• 3:25
  if
• 3:25
  you
• 3:25
  haven't
• 3:25
  checked
• 3:26
  that
• 3:26
  out.
• 3:26
  All
• 3:26
  right,
• 3:27
  friends,
• 3:27
  have
• 3:27
  fun.
• 3:28
  And
• 3:28
  yeah,
• 3:29
  the
• 3:29
  geek
• 3:30
  of
• 3:30
  me
• 3:30
  honors
• 3:30
  the
• 3:31
  geek
• 3:31
  in
• 3:31
  you.
• 3:33
  Lewis
• 3:34
  said
• 3:34
  of
• 3:34
  Martin
• 3:34
  Luther
• 3:35
  that
• 3:36
  he
• 3:36
  quoted
• 3:37
  Martin
• 3:37
  Luther
• 3:37
  saying
• 3:37
  the
• 3:37
  church
• 3:38
  is
• 3:38
  like
• 3:38
  a
• 3:38
  drunk
• 3:38
  on
• 3:39
  the
• 3:39
  back
• 3:39
  of
• 3:39
  a
• 3:39
  donkey.
• 3:40
  He's
• 3:40
  worried
• 3:41
  about
• 3:41
  falling
• 3:41
  off
• 3:41
  on
• 3:41
  the
• 3:42
  left
• 3:42
  side
• 3:42
  and
• 3:42
  ends
• 3:42
  up
• 3:42
  falling
• 3:43
  off
• 3:43
  on
• 3:43
  the
• 3:43
  right
• 3:43
  side.
• 3:44
  So
• 3:44
  he
• 3:45
  quotes
• 3:45
  Martin
• 3:45
  Luther
• 3:46
  in
• 3:46
  his
• 3:46
  letters.
• 3:46
  That's
• 3:47
  my
• 3:47
  latest
• 3:47
  book
• 3:48
  coming
• 3:48
  out.
• 3:48
  It's
• 3:48
  called
• 3:49
  Letters
• 3:49
  on
• 3:49
  Living
• 3:50
  the
• 3:50
  Faith
• 3:51
  and
• 3:51
  it's
• 3:51
  excerpts
• 3:52
  from
• 3:52
  Lewis's
• 3:52
  letters
• 3:53
  to
• 3:54
  many
• 3:55
  different
• 3:55
  people,
• 3:55
  some
• 3:55
  who
• 3:56
  whom
• 3:56
  he
• 3:56
  knew
• 3:56
  and
• 3:57
  many
• 3:57
  who
• 3:57
  he
• 3:57
  did
• 3:57
  not
• 3:58
  know.
• 3:58
  They
• 3:58
  would
• 3:59
  write
• 3:59
  him
• 3:59
  questions
• 4:00
  about
• 4:00
  their
• 4:00
  marriage,
• 4:01
  about
• 4:01
  the
• 4:01
  Bible,
• 4:02
  about
• 4:02
  theology,
• 4:03
  and
• 4:03
  he
• 4:04
  would
• 4:04
  give
• 4:04
  very
• 4:04
  thoughtful
• 4:04
  answers.
• 4:05
  So
• 4:05
  I
• 4:05
  thought
• 4:06
  most
• 4:06
  people
• 4:06
  don't
• 4:07
  want
• 4:07
  to
• 4:07
  plow
• 4:07
  through
• 4:07
  3,
• 4:08
  500
• 4:08
  pages
• 4:09
  letters,
• 4:10
  but
• 4:10
  if
• 4:10
  you
• 4:11
  do,
• 4:11
  you'll
• 4:11
  find
• 4:11
  a
• 4:12
  lot
• 4:12
  of
• 4:12
  great
• 4:12
  nuggets.
• 4:13
  One
• 4:14
  of
• 4:14
  them,
• 4:14
  a
• 4:15
  woman
• 4:15
  wrote
• 4:15
  to
• 4:15
  Lewis
• 4:16
  and
• 4:16
  said,
• 4:17
  are
• 4:17
  you
• 4:17
  handsome?
• 4:18
  And
• 4:18
  Lewis
• 4:19
  said,
• 4:19
  not
• 4:19
  that
• 4:20
  I
• 4:20
  know
• 4:20
  of.
• 4:22
  I
• 4:22
  think
• 4:22
  that
• 4:22
  was
• 4:22
  a
• 4:23
  good
• 4:23
  answer
• 4:23
  to
• 4:23
  that
• 4:23
  question.
• 4:25
  Let's
• 4:25
  talk
• 4:25
  about
• 4:25
  Lewis
• 4:26
  and
• 4:26
  Tolkien.
• 4:27
  I
• 4:27
  didn't
• 4:27
  know
• 4:27
  they
• 4:27
  were
• 4:28
  friends.
• 4:28
  I
• 4:28
  read
• 4:28
  Tolkien
• 4:29
  in
• 4:29
  junior
• 4:29
  high
• 4:29
  and
• 4:29
  then
• 4:30
  I
• 4:30
  read
• 4:30
  Lewis
• 4:31
  in
• 4:31
  college.
• 4:32
  It
• 4:32
  was
• 4:32
  only
• 4:32
  later
• 4:33
  I
• 4:33
  found
• 4:33
  out
• 4:33
  they
• 4:33
  were
• 4:33
  best
• 4:34
  friends
• 4:34
  there
• 4:34
  in
• 4:34
  Oxford.
• 4:35
  I
• 4:36
  asked
• 4:36
  my
• 4:36
  mother,
• 4:37
  why
• 4:37
  didn't
• 4:37
  you
• 4:37
  give
• 4:38
  me
• 4:38
  the
• 4:38
  Narnia
• 4:38
  Chronicles
• 4:39
  when
• 4:39
  I
• 4:39
  was
• 4:39
  growing
• 4:39
  up?
• 4:39
  It
• 4:40
  would
• 4:40
  have
• 4:40
  been
• 4:40
  great
• 4:41
  for
• 4:41
  the
• 4:41
  Christian
• 4:42
  imagination.
• 4:43
  And
• 4:43
  my
• 4:43
  mother
• 4:44
  said,
• 4:44
  well,
• 4:44
  Lewis
• 4:45
  drank
• 4:45
  and
• 4:46
  smoked
• 4:46
  and
• 4:46
  he
• 4:46
  was
• 4:46
  an
• 4:47
  Anglican,
• 4:47
  so
• 4:48
  I
• 4:48
  thought
• 4:48
  he
• 4:48
  might
• 4:49
  be
• 4:49
  a
• 4:49
  bad
• 4:49
  influence
• 4:49
  on
• 4:50
  young
• 4:50
  people.
• 4:50
  So
• 4:51
  she
• 4:52
  gave
• 4:52
  me
• 4:52
  a
• 4:52
  book
• 4:52
  called
• 4:53
  Keep
• 4:53
  Penny,
• 4:54
  Play,
• 4:55
  Pray,
• 4:56
  which
• 4:56
  did
• 4:56
  not
• 4:57
  turn
• 4:57
  out
• 4:57
  to
• 4:57
  be
• 4:57
  a
• 4:57
  class.
• 4:58
  People
• 4:58
  are
• 4:58
  not
• 4:58
  reading
• 4:58
  that.
• 5:00
  Okay,
• 5:01
  so
• 5:01
  let's
• 5:01
  talk
• 5:01
  about
• 5:02
  these
• 5:03
  two
• 5:03
  gentlemen.
• 5:04
  Good
• 5:04
  friends
• 5:05
  they
• 5:05
  both
• 5:06
  were
• 5:06
  born
• 5:06
  in
• 5:07
  outside
• 5:07
  of
• 5:08
  England.
• 5:08
  Often
• 5:08
  it's
• 5:09
  the
• 5:09
  outsiders,
• 5:09
  Jonathan
• 5:10
  Swift
• 5:10
  and
• 5:11
  Edmund
• 5:12
  Spencer
• 5:12
  and
• 5:13
  others
• 5:13
  that
• 5:13
  become
• 5:14
  mainstream
• 5:15
  in
• 5:15
  a
• 5:16
  country's
• 5:16
  literature.
• 5:17
  The
• 5:17
  Lewis
• 5:18
  was
• 5:18
  born
• 5:18
  in
• 5:18
  Belfast
• 5:19
  in
• 5:19
  Northern
• 5:20
  Ireland,
• 5:20
  the
• 5:20
  Protestant
• 5:21
  part
• 5:21
  of
• 5:21
  Ireland.
• 5:22
  And
• 5:23
  Coking
• 5:23
  was
• 5:23
  born
• 5:24
  in
• 5:24
  South
• 5:24
  Africa,
• 5:25
  father
• 5:26
  bank
• 5:26
  manager
• 5:27
  in
• 5:27
  South
• 5:27
  Africa.
• 5:28
  So
• 5:28
  they
• 5:28
  both
• 5:29
  started
• 5:29
  out
• 5:29
  very
• 5:29
  far
• 5:29
  away
• 5:30
  from
• 5:30
  England.
• 5:32
  They
• 5:33
  both
• 5:33
  loved
• 5:34
  fantasy
• 5:35
  stories,
• 5:35
  they
• 5:35
  loved
• 5:36
  Nordic
• 5:36
  myth,
• 5:37
  they
• 5:37
  loved
• 5:40
  can't
• 5:40
  quite
• 5:40
  read
• 5:40
  that
• 5:41
  Beatrice
• 5:41
  Potter.
• 5:42
  And
• 5:42
  so
• 5:43
  even
• 5:43
  before
• 5:43
  they
• 5:43
  met
• 5:43
  each
• 5:44
  other,
• 5:44
  they
• 5:44
  had
• 5:44
  a
• 5:44
  lot
• 5:44
  of
• 5:44
  common
• 5:45
  interest.
• 5:46
  Lewis
• 5:46
  said,
• 5:46
  one
• 5:47
  of
• 5:47
  the
• 5:47
  great
• 5:48
  bonding
• 5:49
  forces
• 5:49
  of
• 5:49
  friendship
• 5:50
  is
• 5:50
  a
• 5:50
  lot
• 5:51
  of
• 5:51
  common
• 5:51
  interest.
• 5:51
  You
• 5:52
  have
• 5:52
  a
• 5:52
  lot
• 5:52
  to
• 5:52
  talk
• 5:52
  about.
• 5:53
  His
• 5:54
  first
• 5:54
  friend,
• 5:54
  he
• 5:54
  barely
• 5:55
  knew
• 5:55
  Arthur
• 5:55
  Greaves
• 5:56
  in
• 5:56
  Northern
• 5:56
  Ireland.
• 5:57
  And
• 5:57
  they
• 5:57
  both
• 5:58
  found
• 5:58
  out
• 5:58
  they
• 5:58
  love
• 5:59
  Nordic
• 5:59
  myth.
• 6:00
  It's
• 6:00
  definitely
• 6:01
  a
• 6:01
  geekology
• 6:02
  moment.
• 6:03
  They
• 6:03
  got
• 6:03
  together
• 6:04
  and
• 6:04
  they
• 6:04
  said,
• 6:04
  oh,
• 6:04
  what
• 6:04
  do
• 6:05
  you
• 6:05
  think?
• 6:05
  They
• 6:05
  both
• 6:05
  have
• 6:06
  the
• 6:06
  same
• 6:06
  book.
• 6:06
  Even
• 6:06
  flipped
• 6:07
  through
• 6:07
  page
• 6:07
  by
• 6:08
  page,
• 6:10
  they
• 6:10
  both
• 6:10
  were
• 6:11
  exposed
• 6:11
  to
• 6:11
  the
• 6:11
  idea
• 6:12
  of
• 6:12
  the
• 6:12
  dying
• 6:12
  God
• 6:13
  myth.
• 6:14
  There
• 6:14
  was
• 6:14
  a
• 6:14
  famous
• 6:15
  anthropologist
• 6:16
  named
• 6:16
  James
• 6:16
  Fraser
• 6:17
  who
• 6:17
  said
• 6:18
  that
• 6:18
  the
• 6:18
  dying
• 6:19
  God
• 6:19
  is
• 6:19
  really
• 6:20
  not
• 6:20
  that
• 6:20
  unique.
• 6:20
  The
• 6:21
  idea
• 6:21
  that
• 6:21
  Christ
• 6:21
  died
• 6:21
  for
• 6:22
  our
• 6:22
  sins.
• 6:22
  We
• 6:23
  have
• 6:23
  Osiris
• 6:24
  in
• 6:25
  Egyptian
• 6:25
  myth,
• 6:25
  we
• 6:26
  have
• 6:26
  Balder,
• 6:27
  we
• 6:27
  have
• 6:27
  Christ
• 6:27
  on
• 6:28
  the
• 6:28
  cross,
• 6:28
  Dionysus.
• 6:30
  And
• 6:30
  so
• 6:30
  he
• 6:30
  thought
• 6:30
  this
• 6:30
  is
• 6:30
  a
• 6:31
  very
• 6:31
  common
• 6:32
  motif.
• 6:32
  He
• 6:33
  tied
• 6:33
  it
• 6:33
  into
• 6:33
  the
• 6:34
  cycles
• 6:34
  of
• 6:34
  the
• 6:35
  year
• 6:35
  that
• 6:36
  the,
• 6:36
  the
• 6:36
  grass
• 6:37
  and
• 6:37
  the
• 6:37
  growth
• 6:38
  dies
• 6:38
  in
• 6:38
  the
• 6:39
  winter
• 6:40
  and
• 6:40
  then
• 6:40
  comes
• 6:40
  back
• 6:40
  in
• 6:41
  the
• 6:41
  spring.
• 6:41
  Called
• 6:42
  them
• 6:42
  Corn
• 6:42
  God
• 6:43
  myths.
• 6:43
  So
• 6:44
  Lewis
• 6:44
  considered
• 6:45
  this
• 6:45
  to
• 6:45
  be
• 6:45
  a
• 6:45
  very
• 6:45
  powerful
• 6:46
  argument
• 6:47
  against
• 6:47
  Christianity.
• 6:49
  Christ
• 6:49
  on
• 6:49
  the
• 6:49
  cross
• 6:49
  is
• 6:50
  just
• 6:50
  one
• 6:50
  more
• 6:51
  example
• 6:52
  of
• 6:52
  the
• 6:52
  dying
• 6:52
  God
• 6:52
  myth.
• 6:53
  But
• 6:53
  Tolkien
• 6:54
  reframed
• 6:55
  that
• 6:56
  motif
• 6:56
  for
• 6:57
  Lewis
• 6:57
  and
• 6:57
  that
• 6:57
  was
• 6:57
  very
• 6:58
  important
• 6:58
  to
• 6:58
  Lewis's
• 6:59
  conversion.
• 7:00
  So
• 7:01
  Vulcan
• 7:02
  was
• 7:02
  born
• 7:02
  in
• 7:02
  1892
• 7:03
  and
• 7:03
  Lewis
• 7:04
  in
• 7:04
  1898.
• 7:05
  So
• 7:05
  they
• 7:05
  were
• 7:05
  at
• 7:05
  Victorian
• 7:06
  childhoods.
• 7:07
  They
• 7:08
  both
• 7:08
  had
• 7:08
  the
• 7:08
  trauma
• 7:09
  of
• 7:09
  losing
• 7:09
  their
• 7:09
  mother.
• 7:10
  When
• 7:11
  Lewis
• 7:11
  was
• 7:11
  nine
• 7:11
  years
• 7:12
  old,
• 7:12
  his
• 7:12
  mother
• 7:12
  died
• 7:13
  of
• 7:13
  cancer
• 7:14
  and
• 7:14
  within
• 7:14
  two
• 7:14
  weeks
• 7:15
  his
• 7:15
  father
• 7:15
  sent
• 7:15
  him
• 7:16
  off
• 7:16
  to
• 7:16
  an
• 7:16
  English
• 7:16
  boarding
• 7:17
  school.
• 7:18
  And
• 7:18
  most
• 7:19
  child
• 7:19
  psychologists
• 7:20
  would
• 7:20
  say
• 7:21
  that's
• 7:21
  not
• 7:21
  the
• 7:21
  way
• 7:21
  to
• 7:22
  handle
• 7:22
  having
• 7:22
  your
• 7:23
  mother
• 7:23
  pass
• 7:23
  away.
• 7:23
  Send
• 7:24
  him
• 7:24
  off
• 7:24
  to
• 7:24
  boarding
• 7:24
  school.
• 7:26
  For
• 7:27
  Lewis
• 7:27
  this
• 7:28
  became
• 7:29
  a
• 7:29
  step
• 7:29
  away
• 7:30
  from
• 7:30
  faith.
• 7:31
  There's
• 7:31
  a
• 7:31
  good
• 7:31
  book
• 7:31
  called
• 7:32
  Mother
• 7:32
  Loss
• 7:32
  by
• 7:33
  Judith
• 7:33
  Wolf
• 7:34
  and
• 7:34
  says
• 7:34
  that
• 7:35
  when
• 7:35
  a
• 7:35
  child
• 7:35
  loses
• 7:36
  his
• 7:36
  or
• 7:37
  her
• 7:37
  mother,
• 7:38
  three
• 7:38
  common
• 7:39
  reactions
• 7:39
  are
• 7:40
  loss
• 7:41
  of
• 7:41
  faith
• 7:41
  in
• 7:41
  a
• 7:41
  benevolent
• 7:42
  God,
• 7:42
  how
• 7:43
  could
• 7:43
  a
• 7:43
  loving
• 7:43
  God
• 7:43
  take
• 7:44
  away
• 7:44
  my
• 7:44
  mother?
• 7:45
  The
• 7:45
  second
• 7:46
  is
• 7:48
  friction
• 7:48
  with
• 7:49
  the
• 7:49
  remaining
• 7:49
  parent.
• 7:50
  It's
• 7:50
  very
• 7:50
  hard
• 7:50
  for
• 7:50
  a
• 7:50
  father
• 7:51
  to
• 7:51
  try
• 7:51
  to
• 7:51
  be
• 7:51
  both
• 7:52
  parents
• 7:53
  and
• 7:53
  Lewis's
• 7:53
  father
• 7:54
  was
• 7:54
  especially
• 7:54
  inept
• 7:55
  in
• 7:55
  that
• 7:55
  role.
• 7:56
  And
• 7:56
  the
• 7:57
  third
• 7:57
  thing
• 7:57
  is
• 7:58
  search
• 7:58
  for
• 7:59
  a
• 7:59
  mother
• 8:00
  substitute.
• 8:01
  And
• 8:01
  all
• 8:01
  three
• 8:02
  of
• 8:02
  these
• 8:02
  fit
• 8:02
  Lewis
• 8:02
  perfectly.
• 8:03
  Didn't
• 8:04
  get
• 8:04
  along
• 8:04
  with
• 8:04
  his
• 8:04
  father.
• 8:05
  When
• 8:05
  he
• 8:05
  went
• 8:05
  to
• 8:06
  Oxford,
• 8:06
  he
• 8:07
  met
• 8:07
  the
• 8:07
  mother
• 8:07
  of
• 8:07
  one
• 8:07
  of
• 8:08
  his
• 8:09
  fellow
• 8:10
  World
• 8:10
  War
• 8:11
  I
• 8:11
  friends.
• 8:11
  They
• 8:11
  trained
• 8:12
  together
• 8:12
  at
• 8:12
  Oxford
• 8:13
  and
• 8:13
  his
• 8:14
  friend
• 8:14
  Patty
• 8:14
  Moore
• 8:14
  was
• 8:15
  killed.
• 8:15
  And
• 8:16
  Lewis
• 8:16
  developed
• 8:17
  a
• 8:17
  real
• 8:17
  adoptive
• 8:18
  relationship
• 8:19
  with
• 8:19
  the
• 8:19
  mother.
• 8:19
  It's
• 8:20
  very
• 8:20
  much
• 8:20
  like
• 8:20
  a
• 8:20
  father
• 8:21
  son
• 8:21
  relationship
• 8:22
  to
• 8:22
  was
• 8:23
  the
• 8:23
  opposite.
• 8:23
  When
• 8:23
  his
• 8:23
  mother
• 8:24
  died,
• 8:24
  rather
• 8:25
  than
• 8:25
  straying
• 8:25
  away
• 8:26
  from
• 8:26
  his
• 8:26
  childhood
• 8:27
  faith,
• 8:27
  he
• 8:28
  felt
• 8:28
  it
• 8:28
  was
• 8:28
  a
• 8:28
  matter
• 8:29
  of
• 8:29
  principle
• 8:30
  to
• 8:31
  maintain
• 8:31
  and
• 8:32
  propagate
• 8:32
  his
• 8:32
  mother's
• 8:33
  faith.
• 8:33
  He
• 8:33
  became
• 8:34
  even
• 8:34
  more
• 8:34
  devout.
• 8:35
  He
• 8:35
  associated
• 8:36
  his
• 8:37
  face
• 8:37
  faith
• 8:38
  with
• 8:38
  a
• 8:38
  kind
• 8:38
  of
• 8:38
  mother
• 8:39
  loyalty.
• 8:41
  So
• 8:41
  they
• 8:41
  both
• 8:41
  heard
• 8:42
  about
• 8:42
  the,
• 8:43
  the
• 8:43
  childhood
• 8:44
  myths,
• 8:45
  the
• 8:45
  dying
• 8:45
  God
• 8:46
  myth.
• 8:47
  And
• 8:47
  then
• 8:47
  they
• 8:48
  both
• 8:48
  were
• 8:49
  accepted
• 8:49
  to
• 8:49
  Oxford.
• 8:51
  Lewis's
• 8:54
  examiner,
• 8:55
  they
• 8:55
  had
• 8:55
  like
• 8:56
  blue
• 8:56
  book
• 8:56
  exams.
• 8:56
  The
• 8:57
  examiner
• 8:57
  said,
• 8:57
  these
• 8:57
  are
• 8:58
  the
• 8:58
  best
• 8:59
  examinations
• 9:00
  I've
• 9:00
  ever
• 9:00
  seen.
• 9:00
  The
• 9:00
  whole
• 9:01
  time
• 9:01
  I've
• 9:01
  been
• 9:01
  at
• 9:01
  Oxford.
• 9:02
  But
• 9:02
  then
• 9:03
  Lewis
• 9:05
  couldn't
• 9:05
  pass
• 9:05
  the
• 9:06
  math
• 9:06
  exam
• 9:07
  in
• 9:07
  a
• 9:08
  math
• 9:08
  exam
• 9:08
  called
• 9:08
  the
• 9:08
  Responsions,
• 9:09
  which
• 9:10
  was
• 9:10
  not
• 9:10
  much
• 9:10
  more
• 9:11
  than
• 9:11
  high
• 9:11
  school
• 9:11
  arithmetic.
• 9:13
  And
• 9:13
  Lewis
• 9:13
  had
• 9:13
  this
• 9:13
  strange
• 9:15
  blind
• 9:15
  spot
• 9:16
  when
• 9:16
  it
• 9:16
  came
• 9:16
  to
• 9:16
  numbers.
• 9:17
  Even
• 9:17
  his
• 9:17
  friends
• 9:18
  said
• 9:19
  when
• 9:19
  they
• 9:19
  would
• 9:19
  go
• 9:20
  to
• 9:20
  lunch
• 9:20
  with
• 9:20
  him
• 9:20
  and
• 9:20
  try
• 9:21
  to
• 9:21
  figure
• 9:21
  out
• 9:21
  the
• 9:21
  bill,
• 9:22
  he
• 9:22
  would,
• 9:23
  you
• 9:23
  know,
• 9:23
  was
• 9:24
  this.
• 9:24
  Finally
• 9:25
  he
• 9:25
  would
• 9:25
  just
• 9:25
  take
• 9:26
  a
• 9:26
  handful
• 9:26
  of
• 9:27
  paper
• 9:27
  and
• 9:27
  coins
• 9:27
  and
• 9:28
  say,
• 9:28
  can
• 9:28
  you
• 9:28
  tell
• 9:29
  me
• 9:29
  how
• 9:29
  much
• 9:29
  I
• 9:29
  owe
• 9:29
  you?
• 9:30
  You
• 9:30
  know,
• 9:30
  he
• 9:30
  just
• 9:31
  couldn't
• 9:31
  figure
• 9:31
  it
• 9:31
  out.
• 9:33
  So
• 9:33
  they
• 9:33
  both
• 9:34
  went
• 9:34
  to
• 9:35
  Oxford,
• 9:36
  achieved
• 9:37
  great
• 9:38
  things
• 9:38
  as
• 9:38
  an
• 9:38
  undergraduate
• 9:39
  and
• 9:39
  then
• 9:40
  they
• 9:40
  both
• 9:40
  were
• 9:40
  called
• 9:40
  away
• 9:40
  to
• 9:41
  the
• 9:41
  war
• 9:41
  in
• 9:41
  France.
• 9:43
  And
• 9:43
  these
• 9:44
  are
• 9:44
  teenagers.
• 9:44
  Lewis
• 9:45
  arrived
• 9:45
  on
• 9:45
  the
• 9:45
  trenches
• 9:46
  at
• 9:46
  the
• 9:46
  age
• 9:46
  of
• 9:47
  19.
• 9:49
  I've
• 9:49
  had
• 9:49
  some
• 9:50
  19
• 9:50
  year
• 9:50
  olds
• 9:51
  in
• 9:51
  my
• 9:51
  College
• 9:52
  classes
• 9:52
  that
• 9:52
  I
• 9:52
  wouldn't
• 9:53
  trust
• 9:53
  with
• 9:53
  a
• 9:53
  paper
• 9:54
  route.
• 9:54
  So
• 9:55
  the
• 9:55
  idea
• 9:55
  that
• 9:55
  you're
• 9:56
  a,
• 9:56
  you're
• 9:56
  a
• 9:57
  lieutenant
• 9:57
  in
• 9:57
  charge
• 9:58
  of
• 9:58
  a
• 9:58
  hundred
• 10:01
  privates
• 10:01
  and
• 10:01
  corporals
• 10:02
  in,
• 10:02
  in
• 10:02
  wartime.
• 10:03
  And
• 10:03
  Lewis
• 10:04
  was
• 10:05
  wounded
• 10:05
  in
• 10:05
  World
• 10:06
  War
• 10:06
  I.
• 10:06
  He
• 10:06
  was
• 10:07
  an
• 10:07
  English
• 10:08
  shell
• 10:08
  fell
• 10:09
  short.
• 10:09
  And
• 10:10
  so
• 10:10
  he
• 10:10
  got
• 10:10
  out
• 10:10
  of
• 10:11
  the
• 10:11
  war
• 10:11
  by
• 10:12
  being
• 10:12
  injured.
• 10:14
  Tolkien
• 10:14
  got
• 10:15
  trench
• 10:15
  fever
• 10:15
  and
• 10:16
  couldn't
• 10:17
  shake
• 10:17
  it.
• 10:18
  So
• 10:18
  he
• 10:18
  spent
• 10:18
  most
• 10:18
  of
• 10:18
  the
• 10:19
  war.
• 10:19
  They
• 10:19
  both
• 10:19
  spent
• 10:20
  most
• 10:20
  of
• 10:20
  the
• 10:20
  war
• 10:20
  in
• 10:20
  hospitals.
• 10:21
  One
• 10:21
  thing
• 10:21
  you
• 10:21
  notice
• 10:22
  about
• 10:22
  Lord
• 10:22
  of
• 10:22
  the
• 10:22
  Rings
• 10:23
  is
• 10:23
  you
• 10:24
  have
• 10:24
  a
• 10:24
  big
• 10:24
  battle
• 10:25
  and
• 10:25
  then
• 10:25
  you
• 10:25
  have
• 10:25
  a
• 10:26
  whole
• 10:26
  chapter
• 10:26
  on
• 10:26
  recovering
• 10:27
  in
• 10:27
  a
• 10:27
  hospital
• 10:28
  and
• 10:28
  people
• 10:28
  are
• 10:28
  visiting
• 10:29
  you
• 10:29
  in
• 10:29
  bed
• 10:30
  and
• 10:30
  people
• 10:30
  are.
• 10:31
  And
• 10:31
  Tolkien
• 10:32
  was
• 10:32
  very
• 10:32
  aware
• 10:33
  that,
• 10:34
  you
• 10:34
  know,
• 10:34
  recovery
• 10:35
  time
• 10:35
  was
• 10:36
  a
• 10:36
  big
• 10:36
  part
• 10:36
  of
• 10:36
  the
• 10:36
  cycle
• 10:37
  of
• 10:37
  being
• 10:37
  a
• 10:37
  warrior.
• 10:38
  He's
• 10:38
  one
• 10:38
  of
• 10:38
  the
• 10:38
  first
• 10:39
  people
• 10:39
  to
• 10:39
  really
• 10:40
  deal
• 10:40
  with
• 10:41
  the
• 10:41
  fact
• 10:41
  that
• 10:41
  after
• 10:42
  the
• 10:42
  battle
• 10:42
  there's
• 10:43
  a
• 10:43
  lot
• 10:43
  of
• 10:43
  people
• 10:43
  spending
• 10:44
  a
• 10:44
  lot
• 10:44
  of
• 10:44
  time
• 10:44
  in,
• 10:45
  in
• 10:45
  hospitals.
• 10:46
  Louis
• 10:47
  said
• 10:47
  in
• 10:48
  Surprised
• 10:48
  by
• 10:48
  Joy,
• 10:49
  his
• 10:49
  memoir,
• 10:51
  that
• 10:51
  there
• 10:51
  were
• 10:51
  places
• 10:52
  you
• 10:52
  couldn't
• 10:52
  see
• 10:53
  a
• 10:53
  single
• 10:54
  blade
• 10:54
  of
• 10:54
  green
• 10:55
  grass.
• 10:55
  Everything
• 10:56
  had
• 10:56
  been
• 10:56
  shown
• 10:58
  shot
• 10:58
  up
• 10:58
  by
• 10:58
  artillery
• 10:59
  and
• 10:59
  machine
• 10:59
  guns,
• 11:00
  that
• 11:00
  everything
• 11:01
  was
• 11:01
  just
• 11:01
  mud
• 11:02
  and
• 11:02
  water
• 11:02
  and
• 11:03
  blood.
• 11:04
  And
• 11:04
  he
• 11:04
  said
• 11:04
  you'd
• 11:05
  catch
• 11:05
  your
• 11:05
  rubber
• 11:06
  boot
• 11:06
  on
• 11:06
  a
• 11:06
  piece
• 11:07
  of
• 11:07
  barbed
• 11:07
  wire
• 11:07
  and
• 11:07
  all
• 11:07
  this
• 11:08
  cold
• 11:08
  water
• 11:08
  would
• 11:09
  come
• 11:10
  into
• 11:11
  your
• 11:11
  boot
• 11:11
  and
• 11:12
  then
• 11:12
  everybody
• 11:12
  had
• 11:13
  lice.
• 11:13
  And
• 11:14
  sometimes
• 11:14
  when
• 11:14
  you're
• 11:15
  trying
• 11:15
  to
• 11:15
  sleep
• 11:15
  in
• 11:15
  the
• 11:15
  trench,
• 11:16
  you
• 11:16
  feel
• 11:16
  a
• 11:16
  little
• 11:16
  nibbling
• 11:17
  feeling
• 11:17
  and
• 11:18
  some
• 11:18
  rats
• 11:19
  trying
• 11:19
  to
• 11:19
  decide
• 11:19
  if
• 11:19
  you're
• 11:20
  dead
• 11:20
  or
• 11:20
  not.
• 11:21
  So
• 11:21
  they
• 11:21
  both
• 11:21
  had
• 11:22
  extremely
• 11:22
  traumatic
• 11:23
  experience
• 11:24
  experiences
• 11:24
  in
• 11:24
  World
• 11:24
  War
• 11:24
  I,
• 11:25
  both
• 11:25
  of
• 11:26
  which
• 11:26
  got
• 11:26
  into
• 11:26
  their
• 11:27
  later
• 11:27
  books
• 11:28
  in
• 11:28
  the
• 11:28
  Narnia
• 11:29
  Chronicles.
• 11:29
  In
• 11:29
  the
• 11:29
  last
• 11:30
  Battle,
• 11:31
  the
• 11:31
  unicorns
• 11:32
  are
• 11:32
  coming
• 11:33
  to
• 11:33
  help
• 11:33
  the
• 11:34
  good
• 11:34
  Narnians
• 11:35
  and
• 11:35
  they
• 11:35
  come
• 11:35
  over
• 11:36
  a
• 11:36
  ridge
• 11:36
  trying
• 11:37
  to
• 11:37
  join
• 11:37
  the
• 11:37
  battle
• 11:38
  and
• 11:38
  the,
• 11:39
  the
• 11:39
  Black
• 11:39
  Dwarves,
• 11:40
  the
• 11:40
  evil
• 11:40
  dwarves,
• 11:40
  mow
• 11:41
  them
• 11:41
  all
• 11:41
  down
• 11:41
  with
• 11:42
  bows
• 11:42
  and
• 11:42
  arrows
• 11:42
  and
• 11:43
  not
• 11:43
  a
• 11:43
  single
• 11:43
  unicorn
• 11:44
  makes
• 11:44
  it
• 11:44
  to
• 11:45
  the
• 11:45
  battlefield.
• 11:46
  And
• 11:46
  Lewis's
• 11:47
  stepson
• 11:47
  said
• 11:48
  that
• 11:48
  Loose
• 11:49
  remembered,
• 11:50
  in
• 11:50
  trench
• 11:50
  warfare,
• 11:51
  you're
• 11:51
  all
• 11:51
  in
• 11:52
  the
• 11:52
  trench,
• 11:52
  the
• 11:53
  lieutenant
• 11:53
  blows
• 11:53
  a
• 11:54
  whistle,
• 11:54
  you
• 11:54
  all
• 11:55
  climb
• 11:55
  a
• 11:55
  ladder
• 11:55
  and
• 11:56
  you
• 11:56
  try
• 11:56
  to
• 11:56
  cross
• 11:56
  no
• 11:57
  man's
• 11:57
  land.
• 11:58
  But
• 11:58
  the
• 11:58
  Germans
• 11:59
  were
• 11:59
  so
• 11:59
  ready
• 11:59
  for
• 11:59
  them,
• 12:00
  they
• 12:00
  had
• 12:00
  their
• 12:00
  guns
• 12:01
  pre
• 12:01
  sighted
• 12:02
  and
• 12:02
  so
• 12:02
  every
• 12:03
  single
• 12:03
  person
• 12:04
  would
• 12:04
  be
• 12:04
  shot
• 12:04
  down
• 12:05
  within
• 12:06
  three
• 12:06
  feet
• 12:06
  of
• 12:06
  the
• 12:06
  trench.
• 12:07
  They
• 12:07
  didn't
• 12:07
  even
• 12:07
  get
• 12:08
  a
• 12:08
  chance
• 12:08
  to
• 12:08
  run
• 12:09
  toward
• 12:09
  the
• 12:09
  Germans.
• 12:11
  Tolkien
• 12:11
  admitted
• 12:12
  that
• 12:12
  the
• 12:13
  scene
• 12:13
  in
• 12:13
  the.
• 12:15
  The
• 12:15
  death.
• 12:16
  Death
• 12:16
  marches.
• 12:17
  Not
• 12:17
  the
• 12:17
  death
• 12:17
  marches,
• 12:18
  the.
• 12:19
  When
• 12:20
  they're
• 12:20
  crossing
• 12:20
  over
• 12:20
  and
• 12:20
  they
• 12:20
  see
• 12:21
  all
• 12:21
  these
• 12:21
  heads
• 12:21
  and
• 12:21
  bodies
• 12:22
  in
• 12:22
  the
• 12:22
  swamp,
• 12:23
  that
• 12:23
  was
• 12:23
  his
• 12:24
  own
• 12:24
  experience.
• 12:24
  He
• 12:25
  was
• 12:25
  a
• 12:25
  message
• 12:25
  runner
• 12:26
  and
• 12:26
  he
• 12:27
  often
• 12:27
  had
• 12:27
  to
• 12:27
  cross
• 12:28
  no
• 12:28
  man's
• 12:28
  land
• 12:28
  and
• 12:29
  step
• 12:29
  over
• 12:29
  bodies.
• 12:31
  So
• 12:31
  they
• 12:31
  Both
• 12:32
  survived
• 12:32
  that
• 12:33
  and
• 12:33
  got
• 12:33
  into
• 12:34
  their
• 12:34
  fiction
• 12:35
  and
• 12:37
  they
• 12:37
  met
• 12:37
  in
• 12:37
  Oxford
• 12:38
  after
• 12:38
  the
• 12:38
  war.
• 12:39
  This
• 12:40
  is
• 12:40
  jack
• 12:40
  at,
• 12:41
  in
• 12:41
  1919.
• 12:42
  He's
• 12:42
  about
• 12:42
  21
• 12:43
  there.
• 12:43
  There's
• 12:44
  Tolkien
• 12:45
  and
• 12:45
  they
• 12:46
  are
• 12:46
  going
• 12:46
  to
• 12:46
  meet.
• 12:47
  The
• 12:47
  first
• 12:47
  time
• 12:47
  he
• 12:47
  met
• 12:49
  Lewis
• 12:49
  wasn't
• 12:50
  that
• 12:50
  impressed
• 12:50
  with
• 12:50
  Tolkien.
• 12:51
  He
• 12:51
  was
• 12:51
  worried
• 12:52
  about
• 12:52
  Catholics
• 12:52
  and
• 12:52
  he
• 12:53
  was
• 12:53
  worried
• 12:53
  about
• 12:53
  linguist
• 12:55
  and,
• 12:55
  and
• 12:56
  Tolkien
• 12:56
  was
• 12:56
  both.
• 12:57
  And
• 12:57
  the
• 12:58
  first
• 12:58
  time
• 12:58
  he
• 12:58
  met
• 12:58
  him,
• 12:58
  he
• 12:58
  said
• 12:59
  he's
• 12:59
  a
• 12:59
  nice
• 12:59
  enough
• 12:59
  fellow
• 13:00
  as
• 13:00
  long
• 13:00
  as
• 13:00
  he
• 13:00
  gets
• 13:00
  slapped
• 13:01
  in
• 13:01
  the
• 13:01
  head
• 13:01
  every
• 13:01
  hour
• 13:02
  or
• 13:02
  so.
• 13:04
  Not
• 13:04
  the
• 13:04
  best
• 13:05
  report
• 13:05
  to
• 13:05
  start
• 13:05
  a
• 13:06
  friendship.
• 13:06
  But
• 13:07
  the
• 13:07
  two
• 13:07
  of
• 13:07
  them
• 13:07
  discovered
• 13:08
  that
• 13:08
  they
• 13:08
  both
• 13:09
  loved
• 13:10
  Norse
• 13:10
  myth,
• 13:11
  they
• 13:11
  loved
• 13:12
  Beatrice
• 13:12
  Potter,
• 13:13
  a
• 13:13
  lot
• 13:13
  of
• 13:14
  other
• 13:14
  fan,
• 13:15
  anything
• 13:15
  with
• 13:15
  fantasy
• 13:16
  and
• 13:16
  fiction
• 13:17
  and
• 13:17
  getting
• 13:17
  away
• 13:18
  from
• 13:18
  the
• 13:18
  world.
• 13:19
  They
• 13:19
  both
• 13:19
  became
• 13:20
  distinguished
• 13:20
  dons
• 13:21
  and
• 13:21
  professors
• 13:22
  after
• 13:22
  their
• 13:22
  undergraduate
• 13:24
  efforts.
• 13:24
  They
• 13:25
  got
• 13:26
  graduate
• 13:26
  degrees.
• 13:27
  Folking
• 13:27
  was
• 13:27
  at
• 13:28
  Merton
• 13:28
  College
• 13:28
  and
• 13:28
  Lewis
• 13:29
  was
• 13:29
  at
• 13:29
  Magdalen
• 13:30
  College.
• 13:31
  And
• 13:32
  they
• 13:32
  really
• 13:33
  the
• 13:33
  breakthrough
• 13:33
  for
• 13:34
  the
• 13:34
  two
• 13:34
  of
• 13:34
  them
• 13:35
  was
• 13:35
  when
• 13:35
  they
• 13:36
  were
• 13:36
  talking
• 13:36
  about
• 13:36
  their
• 13:37
  own
• 13:37
  fiction
• 13:38
  product
• 13:38
  projects
• 13:39
  and
• 13:39
  talking
• 13:40
  said,
• 13:40
  would
• 13:41
  you
• 13:41
  looking
• 13:41
  at
• 13:42
  something
• 13:42
  I
• 13:42
  wrote.
• 13:43
  And
• 13:44
  Lewis
• 13:44
  read
• 13:45
  it
• 13:45
  and
• 13:45
  he
• 13:45
  loved
• 13:45
  it.
• 13:46
  And
• 13:46
  he
• 13:46
  was
• 13:46
  the
• 13:47
  first
• 13:47
  time
• 13:47
  Tolkien
• 13:47
  had
• 13:48
  gotten
• 13:48
  major
• 13:48
  encouragement
• 13:49
  for
• 13:49
  his
• 13:50
  creative
• 13:50
  writing.
• 13:51
  So
• 13:51
  from
• 13:52
  the
• 13:52
  two
• 13:52
  of
• 13:52
  them
• 13:52
  meeting
• 13:52
  and
• 13:53
  sharing
• 13:53
  writings,
• 13:54
  they
• 13:54
  added
• 13:55
  some
• 13:55
  other
• 13:55
  friends,
• 13:56
  Hugo,
• 13:56
  Dyson.
• 13:58
  They
• 13:58
  ended
• 13:58
  up
• 13:58
  being
• 13:59
  anywhere
• 13:59
  from
• 14:00
  10
• 14:00
  to
• 14:00
  15
• 14:01
  members
• 14:01
  that
• 14:02
  were
• 14:02
  sharing
• 14:02
  each
• 14:02
  other's
• 14:03
  writing
• 14:03
  projects.
• 14:05
  And
• 14:05
  that's
• 14:05
  the
• 14:06
  basis
• 14:06
  of
• 14:06
  the
• 14:07
  Inklings.
• 14:08
  The
• 14:08
  Eagle
• 14:09
  and
• 14:09
  Child
• 14:09
  is
• 14:09
  the
• 14:10
  pub
• 14:10
  there
• 14:10
  in
• 14:10
  Oxford
• 14:11
  which
• 14:11
  is
• 14:11
  closed
• 14:11
  right
• 14:12
  now.
• 14:12
  They're
• 14:12
  renovating
• 14:12
  it
• 14:13
  and
• 14:14
  putting
• 14:14
  in
• 14:14
  hotel
• 14:14
  rooms,
• 14:15
  but
• 14:15
  they
• 14:16
  promise
• 14:16
  they
• 14:16
  will
• 14:17
  put
• 14:17
  back
• 14:18
  the
• 14:18
  Rabbit
• 14:18
  Room,
• 14:19
  as
• 14:19
  they
• 14:19
  called
• 14:19
  it.
• 14:19
  There's
• 14:20
  a
• 14:20
  back
• 14:20
  room
• 14:20
  where
• 14:20
  they
• 14:20
  would
• 14:21
  sit
• 14:21
  around
• 14:21
  and
• 14:22
  share
• 14:22
  their
• 14:22
  stories.
• 14:24
  The
• 14:24
  Eagle
• 14:24
  and
• 14:25
  Child,
• 14:25
  they
• 14:25
  called
• 14:25
  it
• 14:25
  the
• 14:26
  Bird
• 14:26
  and
• 14:26
  Baby.
• 14:27
  The.
• 14:27
  As
• 14:27
  you
• 14:28
  see
• 14:28
  from
• 14:29
  Insignia.
• 14:30
  Where'd
• 14:30
  that.
• 14:33
  Oh,
• 14:33
  there
• 14:33
  it
• 14:33
  is.
• 14:33
  Okay.
• 14:34
  Well,
• 14:34
  they
• 14:34
  called
• 14:34
  it
• 14:35
  the
• 14:35
  Bird
• 14:35
  and
• 14:35
  Baby
• 14:36
  because
• 14:36
  the
• 14:36
  bird
• 14:36
  is
• 14:36
  carrying
• 14:37
  off
• 14:37
  the
• 14:37
  baby.
• 14:38
  Part
• 14:38
  of
• 14:38
  a
• 14:38
  fad
• 14:38
  among
• 14:39
  modern
• 14:39
  Lewis
• 14:39
  scholars
• 14:40
  is
• 14:41
  you
• 14:41
  have
• 14:41
  to
• 14:41
  come
• 14:41
  up
• 14:41
  with
• 14:41
  your
• 14:42
  own
• 14:42
  name
• 14:42
  for
• 14:42
  the
• 14:43
  Eagle
• 14:43
  and
• 14:43
  Child.
• 14:44
  So
• 14:46
  Michael
• 14:47
  Ward
• 14:47
  calls
• 14:47
  it
• 14:48
  the
• 14:48
  Flyer
• 14:49
  and
• 14:49
  the
• 14:49
  Crier
• 14:50
  and
• 14:51
  mine
• 14:51
  is
• 14:52
  the
• 14:52
  Swooper
• 14:52
  and
• 14:53
  the
• 14:53
  Pooper.
• 14:55
  So
• 14:55
  if
• 14:56
  you
• 14:56
  go
• 14:56
  to
• 14:56
  Oxford
• 14:57
  and
• 14:57
  go
• 14:57
  to
• 14:57
  that
• 14:58
  pub,
• 14:58
  you
• 14:58
  have
• 14:58
  to
• 14:58
  come
• 14:58
  up
• 14:58
  with
• 14:59
  your
• 14:59
  own
• 14:59
  name
• 14:59
  for
• 15:00
  the
• 15:00
  Eagle
• 15:00
  and
• 15:00
  Child.
• 15:01
  Even
• 15:01
  though
• 15:02
  they
• 15:02
  were
• 15:02
  great
• 15:02
  friends
• 15:04
  at
• 15:04
  this
• 15:04
  point.
• 15:05
  Well,
• 15:05
  as
• 15:06
  I
• 15:06
  said,
• 15:07
  Lewis
• 15:07
  was
• 15:08
  a
• 15:08
  skeptic.
• 15:08
  He
• 15:08
  had
• 15:08
  childhood
• 15:09
  faith,
• 15:09
  but
• 15:09
  when
• 15:10
  his
• 15:10
  mother
• 15:10
  died,
• 15:10
  his
• 15:11
  faith
• 15:11
  started
• 15:11
  fading
• 15:12
  and
• 15:12
  all
• 15:13
  through
• 15:13
  his
• 15:13
  teens
• 15:13
  and
• 15:13
  twenties
• 15:14
  he
• 15:14
  was
• 15:14
  a
• 15:14
  skeptic.
• 15:15
  One
• 15:15
  of
• 15:15
  his
• 15:16
  friends
• 15:16
  from
• 15:16
  boarding
• 15:16
  school
• 15:17
  said
• 15:17
  he
• 15:17
  was
• 15:18
  a
• 15:18
  foul
• 15:18
  mouthed
• 15:19
  atheist.
• 15:20
  And
• 15:20
  when
• 15:20
  this
• 15:21
  person
• 15:21
  ran
• 15:21
  across
• 15:21
  a
• 15:22
  book
• 15:22
  by
• 15:22
  C.S.
• 15:22
  lewis
• 15:23
  and
• 15:23
  realized
• 15:24
  it
• 15:24
  was
• 15:24
  Jack
• 15:24
  Lewis,
• 15:25
  he
• 15:25
  was
• 15:25
  shocked
• 15:26
  because
• 15:26
  the
• 15:26
  Jack
• 15:26
  that
• 15:27
  he
• 15:27
  knew
• 15:27
  was
• 15:28
  a
• 15:28
  very
• 15:28
  vitriolic
• 15:29
  non
• 15:29
  believer.
• 15:31
  As
• 15:32
  they
• 15:32
  talked
• 15:32
  about
• 15:33
  myth
• 15:33
  and
• 15:33
  fantasy,
• 15:35
  Lewis
• 15:35
  said,
• 15:35
  well,
• 15:36
  the
• 15:36
  dying
• 15:36
  God
• 15:36
  myth,
• 15:37
  you
• 15:37
  know,
• 15:37
  that's
• 15:37
  made
• 15:37
  the
• 15:37
  rounds.
• 15:38
  Jesus
• 15:38
  of
• 15:39
  Nazareth,
• 15:39
  not
• 15:39
  really
• 15:39
  that
• 15:40
  unique.
• 15:40
  And
• 15:41
  Tolkien
• 15:41
  said,
• 15:41
  well,
• 15:42
  let
• 15:42
  me
• 15:42
  reframe
• 15:42
  that
• 15:43
  idea
• 15:43
  for
• 15:43
  you.
• 15:44
  Yes,
• 15:45
  there
• 15:45
  are
• 15:45
  a
• 15:45
  lot
• 15:45
  of
• 15:45
  dying
• 15:46
  God
• 15:46
  myths,
• 15:47
  but
• 15:47
  Jesus
• 15:48
  of
• 15:48
  Nazareth
• 15:49
  is
• 15:49
  the
• 15:49
  only
• 15:49
  time
• 15:49
  that
• 15:50
  the
• 15:50
  myth
• 15:50
  became
• 15:51
  history.
• 15:51
  Nobody
• 15:52
  looks
• 15:52
  for
• 15:52
  the
• 15:52
  grave
• 15:53
  of
• 15:53
  Osiris
• 15:54
  or
• 15:54
  the
• 15:54
  grave
• 15:54
  of
• 15:55
  Dionysus.
• 15:56
  It
• 15:56
  was
• 15:56
  just
• 15:56
  a
• 15:57
  motif.
• 15:59
  And
• 15:59
  he
• 15:59
  said,
• 15:59
  but
• 16:00
  in
• 16:00
  Christianity,
• 16:01
  the
• 16:02
  myth
• 16:02
  became
• 16:03
  fact,
• 16:04
  mythology
• 16:04
  became
• 16:05
  history.
• 16:06
  And
• 16:06
  so
• 16:07
  the
• 16:07
  fact
• 16:07
  that
• 16:07
  there
• 16:07
  are
• 16:07
  so
• 16:08
  many
• 16:08
  of
• 16:08
  these
• 16:08
  dying
• 16:08
  God
• 16:09
  myths
• 16:09
  suggests
• 16:10
  that
• 16:10
  we
• 16:11
  all
• 16:11
  have
• 16:11
  an
• 16:11
  intuition
• 16:11
  of
• 16:12
  the
• 16:12
  need
• 16:12
  for
• 16:12
  redemption,
• 16:13
  the
• 16:13
  need
• 16:13
  for
• 16:14
  salvation
• 16:14
  from
• 16:15
  above.
• 16:16
  And
• 16:16
  this
• 16:16
  was
• 16:16
  very
• 16:16
  crucial
• 16:17
  for
• 16:17
  Lewis,
• 16:18
  he
• 16:18
  and
• 16:19
  Tolkien
• 16:19
  and
• 16:19
  another
• 16:19
  friend
• 16:20
  named
• 16:20
  Hugo
• 16:20
  Dyson.
• 16:21
  I
• 16:21
  talked
• 16:22
  until
• 16:22
  three
• 16:22
  in
• 16:22
  the
• 16:22
  morning
• 16:23
  about
• 16:23
  dying
• 16:23
  God
• 16:24
  myth,
• 16:24
  Christianity,
• 16:26
  and
• 16:26
  Lewis
• 16:26
  became
• 16:27
  a
• 16:27
  Christian
• 16:27
  soon
• 16:27
  afterwards.
• 16:28
  Now,
• 16:29
  at
• 16:29
  this
• 16:29
  point,
• 16:29
  Tolkien
• 16:30
  was
• 16:30
  writing
• 16:30
  parts
• 16:31
  of
• 16:31
  the
• 16:31
  Hobbit,
• 16:33
  starting
• 16:33
  on
• 16:33
  the
• 16:33
  Lord
• 16:33
  of
• 16:34
  the
• 16:34
  Rings.
• 16:34
  He
• 16:34
  had
• 16:34
  a
• 16:34
  lot
• 16:35
  of
• 16:35
  brilliant
• 16:35
  drafts.
• 16:36
  He
• 16:36
  called
• 16:36
  it
• 16:36
  my
• 16:36
  mad
• 16:37
  hobby.
• 16:37
  And
• 16:38
  he
• 16:38
  liked
• 16:38
  doing
• 16:38
  it
• 16:38
  for
• 16:39
  its
• 16:39
  own
• 16:39
  sake.
• 16:39
  He
• 16:39
  wasn't
• 16:40
  trying
• 16:40
  to
• 16:40
  publish.
• 16:41
  And
• 16:41
  Lewis
• 16:42
  said,
• 16:42
  you
• 16:42
  know,
• 16:42
  this
• 16:43
  is
• 16:43
  wonderful
• 16:43
  fiction.
• 16:44
  You
• 16:44
  need
• 16:44
  to,
• 16:44
  you
• 16:45
  know,
• 16:45
  get
• 16:45
  this
• 16:45
  ready
• 16:45
  and
• 16:46
  send
• 16:46
  it
• 16:46
  out
• 16:46
  to
• 16:46
  some
• 16:46
  publishers.
• 16:47
  And
• 16:47
  he
• 16:47
  actually
• 16:48
  had
• 16:48
  to
• 16:48
  harangue
• 16:49
  Lewis
• 16:49
  into
• 16:50
  submitting
• 16:50
  the
• 16:50
  Hobbit
• 16:51
  first
• 16:51
  and
• 16:51
  then
• 16:51
  Lord
• 16:52
  of
• 16:52
  the
• 16:52
  Rings
• 16:52
  later.
• 16:55
  Harangue
• 16:56
  Tolkien.
• 16:56
  What?
• 16:56
  I
• 16:56
  say
• 16:58
  thank
• 16:59
  you.
• 16:59
  Yeah,
• 16:59
  Lewis
• 16:59
  harangued
• 17:00
  himself.
• 17:00
  There
• 17:00
  was
• 17:01
  a.
• 17:01
  There
• 17:01
  was
• 17:01
  a
• 17:02
  split
• 17:03
  personality
• 17:03
  that
• 17:04
  most
• 17:04
  people
• 17:04
  don't
• 17:04
  know
• 17:04
  about.
• 17:05
  Harangue
• 17:07
  tolking.
• 17:08
  So
• 17:08
  I
• 17:08
  was
• 17:08
  doing
• 17:08
  a
• 17:09
  radio
• 17:09
  interview
• 17:09
  once
• 17:09
  and
• 17:10
  I
• 17:10
  said,
• 17:10
  you
• 17:11
  know,
• 17:11
  if
• 17:11
  it
• 17:11
  wasn't
• 17:11
  for
• 17:12
  Tolkien,
• 17:12
  we
• 17:12
  might
• 17:13
  never
• 17:13
  have
• 17:13
  heard
• 17:13
  of
• 17:13
  Lewis.
• 17:14
  He
• 17:14
  would
• 17:14
  become
• 17:14
  this
• 17:14
  great
• 17:15
  Christian
• 17:15
  writer.
• 17:16
  And
• 17:16
  if
• 17:16
  it
• 17:16
  wasn't
• 17:17
  for
• 17:17
  Lewis,
• 17:17
  we
• 17:18
  might
• 17:18
  never
• 17:18
  have
• 17:18
  heard
• 17:18
  of
• 17:18
  Tolkien.
• 17:19
  He
• 17:19
  might
• 17:19
  not
• 17:19
  have
• 17:20
  submitted
• 17:20
  his
• 17:20
  work.
• 17:21
  And
• 17:21
  the
• 17:21
  interviewer
• 17:22
  said,
• 17:22
  yeah,
• 17:23
  and
• 17:23
  if
• 17:23
  it
• 17:23
  wasn't
• 17:23
  for
• 17:24
  Lewis
• 17:24
  and
• 17:24
  Tolkien,
• 17:24
  we
• 17:25
  would
• 17:25
  have
• 17:25
  never
• 17:25
  heard
• 17:25
  of
• 17:26
  you.
• 17:26
  And,
• 17:28
  wow,
• 17:29
  that's
• 17:30
  kind
• 17:30
  of
• 17:30
  uncalled
• 17:31
  for
• 17:31
  here.
• 17:33
  But
• 17:34
  it
• 17:34
  was
• 17:35
  a
• 17:35
  pivotal
• 17:36
  moment
• 17:36
  in
• 17:36
  their
• 17:36
  relationship
• 17:37
  and
• 17:37
  especially
• 17:37
  in
• 17:38
  Lewis's
• 17:38
  faith.
• 17:39
  Now,
• 17:39
  even
• 17:40
  though
• 17:40
  they
• 17:40
  were
• 17:40
  both
• 17:40
  friends
• 17:41
  and
• 17:41
  they
• 17:41
  both
• 17:41
  wrote
• 17:42
  fantasy,
• 17:42
  they
• 17:42
  actually
• 17:43
  had
• 17:43
  different
• 17:43
  views
• 17:43
  of
• 17:44
  what
• 17:44
  they
• 17:44
  were
• 17:44
  trying
• 17:44
  to
• 17:44
  accomplish.
• 17:47
  In
• 17:47
  Tolkien's
• 17:48
  view,
• 17:48
  the
• 17:49
  Christian
• 17:50
  artist
• 17:50
  is
• 17:50
  a
• 17:50
  sub
• 17:51
  creation.
• 17:51
  God
• 17:52
  created
• 17:52
  us,
• 17:52
  put
• 17:53
  us
• 17:53
  on
• 17:53
  earth,
• 17:54
  but
• 17:54
  he
• 17:54
  made
• 17:54
  us
• 17:55
  creators
• 17:55
  and
• 17:55
  he
• 17:56
  encourages
• 17:56
  us
• 17:57
  to
• 17:57
  create
• 17:57
  our
• 17:58
  own
• 17:58
  imaginary
• 17:58
  worlds.
• 17:59
  The
• 17:59
  Tolkien
• 18:00
  called
• 18:00
  this
• 18:00
  sub
• 18:01
  creation.
• 18:02
  So
• 18:02
  the
• 18:02
  greatest
• 18:03
  tribute
• 18:03
  you
• 18:03
  can
• 18:03
  pay
• 18:04
  to
• 18:05
  God
• 18:05
  is
• 18:06
  to
• 18:06
  become
• 18:07
  yourself
• 18:07
  a
• 18:07
  creator.
• 18:08
  And
• 18:08
  Crystal
• 18:09
  is
• 18:09
  going
• 18:09
  to
• 18:09
  talk
• 18:09
  about
• 18:09
  how
• 18:09
  Dorothy
• 18:10
  Sayers
• 18:10
  had
• 18:11
  a
• 18:11
  similar
• 18:11
  paradigm.
• 18:14
  And
• 18:15
  so
• 18:15
  this
• 18:15
  was
• 18:15
  a.
• 18:16
  It
• 18:16
  wasn't
• 18:16
  very
• 18:16
  evangelistic.
• 18:17
  People
• 18:17
  always
• 18:17
  say,
• 18:18
  well,
• 18:18
  if
• 18:18
  Tolkien
• 18:19
  was
• 18:19
  such
• 18:19
  a
• 18:19
  devout
• 18:19
  Christian,
• 18:20
  why
• 18:20
  didn't
• 18:20
  he
• 18:21
  get
• 18:21
  in
• 18:21
  more
• 18:22
  material
• 18:23
  about,
• 18:23
  you
• 18:23
  know,
• 18:23
  the
• 18:23
  Christian
• 18:24
  creed
• 18:24
  and
• 18:25
  try
• 18:25
  to
• 18:25
  encourage
• 18:26
  people?
• 18:26
  But
• 18:26
  Lewis's
• 18:27
  view,
• 18:27
  I
• 18:27
  mean,
• 18:27
  Tolkien's
• 18:28
  view
• 18:28
  was
• 18:29
  not
• 18:29
  evangelistic.
• 18:30
  He
• 18:30
  said,
• 18:30
  if
• 18:30
  I've
• 18:31
  made
• 18:31
  this
• 18:32
  beautiful
• 18:32
  story
• 18:33
  in
• 18:34
  which
• 18:34
  the
• 18:34
  good
• 18:34
  characters
• 18:35
  are
• 18:35
  really
• 18:35
  good,
• 18:36
  I've
• 18:36
  given
• 18:36
  people
• 18:36
  a
• 18:37
  look
• 18:37
  at
• 18:37
  what
• 18:37
  a
• 18:37
  good
• 18:38
  character
• 18:38
  looks
• 18:38
  like.
• 18:39
  I
• 18:39
  don't
• 18:39
  need
• 18:39
  to
• 18:39
  evangelize.
• 18:41
  And
• 18:41
  he
• 18:41
  and
• 18:41
  Lewis
• 18:42
  had
• 18:42
  some
• 18:42
  tension
• 18:42
  over
• 18:43
  that
• 18:43
  because
• 18:44
  Lewis
• 18:45
  wanted
• 18:46
  his
• 18:46
  stories
• 18:46
  to
• 18:46
  reflect
• 18:47
  Christian
• 18:47
  creeds
• 18:48
  much
• 18:48
  more.
• 18:48
  So
• 18:49
  this
• 18:49
  is
• 18:49
  the
• 18:49
  75th
• 18:50
  anniversary
• 18:51
  of
• 18:51
  the
• 18:51
  publication
• 18:52
  of
• 18:52
  the
• 18:53
  Lion,
• 18:53
  Witch
• 18:53
  and
• 18:53
  the
• 18:53
  Wardrobe
• 18:54
  came
• 18:54
  out
• 18:54
  in
• 18:54
  1950.
• 18:56
  It
• 18:56
  cost
• 18:56
  about
• 18:56
  50
• 18:57
  cents
• 18:57
  in
• 18:57
  the
• 18:57
  paperback.
• 18:58
  If
• 18:59
  you
• 18:59
  have
• 18:59
  a
• 18:59
  copy
• 18:59
  of
• 19:00
  that
• 19:00
  in
• 19:00
  good
• 19:01
  shape
• 19:01
  right
• 19:01
  now,
• 19:01
  it's
• 19:02
  worth
• 19:02
  10,000
• 19:03
  a
• 19:03
  paperback
• 19:04
  book.
• 19:05
  We
• 19:06
  had
• 19:06
  some
• 19:06
  second
• 19:06
  graders
• 19:07
  come
• 19:07
  to
• 19:07
  the
• 19:07
  Wade
• 19:07
  center,
• 19:08
  and
• 19:09
  I
• 19:09
  said,
• 19:09
  you
• 19:09
  know,
• 19:09
  this
• 19:10
  book
• 19:10
  could
• 19:10
  be
• 19:10
  worth
• 19:11
  10,000
• 19:11
  if
• 19:11
  you've
• 19:12
  got
• 19:12
  one
• 19:12
  in
• 19:12
  good
• 19:12
  condition.
• 19:13
  And
• 19:14
  I
• 19:15
  said,
• 19:15
  if
• 19:15
  you
• 19:15
  go
• 19:15
  to
• 19:15
  your
• 19:16
  grandmother's
• 19:16
  house
• 19:16
  and
• 19:16
  you
• 19:17
  find
• 19:17
  this
• 19:17
  book,
• 19:18
  bring
• 19:18
  it
• 19:18
  to
• 19:18
  me
• 19:18
  and
• 19:19
  I'll
• 19:19
  buy
• 19:19
  you
• 19:19
  a
• 19:20
  milkshake.
• 19:22
  And
• 19:23
  most
• 19:23
  of
• 19:23
  the
• 19:23
  students
• 19:24
  laughed.
• 19:24
  This
• 19:24
  one
• 19:25
  little
• 19:25
  girl
• 19:25
  came
• 19:25
  up
• 19:25
  afterwards
• 19:26
  and
• 19:26
  says,
• 19:27
  I
• 19:27
  can't
• 19:27
  have
• 19:27
  milkshakes
• 19:28
  because
• 19:28
  I'm
• 19:28
  lactose
• 19:29
  intolerant.
• 19:31
  So
• 19:31
  that
• 19:32
  was
• 19:32
  very
• 19:32
  cute.
• 19:34
  So
• 19:34
  anyway,
• 19:35
  Tolkien's
• 19:35
  view
• 19:35
  is
• 19:36
  we
• 19:36
  are
• 19:36
  sub
• 19:36
  creators.
• 19:37
  God
• 19:37
  created
• 19:38
  us,
• 19:38
  and
• 19:38
  when
• 19:39
  we
• 19:39
  make
• 19:39
  things,
• 19:40
  we
• 19:40
  are
• 19:42
  embodying
• 19:42
  his
• 19:42
  nature
• 19:43
  or
• 19:43
  reflecting
• 19:44
  his
• 19:44
  nature.
• 19:45
  Tolkien
• 19:46
  wrote
• 19:46
  a
• 19:46
  famous
• 19:46
  essay
• 19:47
  called
• 19:47
  On
• 19:47
  Fairy
• 19:48
  Stories.
• 19:49
  Too
• 19:49
  much
• 19:49
  emphasis
• 19:50
  has
• 19:50
  been
• 19:50
  placed
• 19:51
  on
• 19:51
  representation
• 19:52
  or
• 19:52
  symbolic
• 19:52
  interpretation
• 19:54
  of
• 19:54
  the
• 19:54
  beauties
• 19:54
  and
• 19:55
  terrors
• 19:55
  of
• 19:55
  this
• 19:56
  world.
• 19:57
  Fantasy
• 19:57
  is,
• 19:58
  at
• 19:58
  heart
• 19:58
  the
• 19:59
  making
• 19:59
  or
• 19:59
  glimpsing
• 20:00
  of
• 20:00
  other
• 20:01
  worlds.
• 20:02
  Fantasy
• 20:02
  is,
• 20:02
  I
• 20:03
  think,
• 20:03
  not
• 20:04
  a
• 20:04
  lower
• 20:04
  but
• 20:05
  a
• 20:05
  higher
• 20:05
  form
• 20:06
  indeed.
• 20:06
  The
• 20:06
  object,
• 20:07
  nearly
• 20:08
  pure
• 20:08
  form,
• 20:09
  and
• 20:10
  when
• 20:10
  achieved,
• 20:11
  the
• 20:11
  most
• 20:11
  potent.
• 20:12
  So
• 20:12
  he
• 20:13
  was
• 20:13
  very
• 20:13
  into
• 20:13
  world
• 20:14
  making.
• 20:15
  His
• 20:15
  languages,
• 20:16
  he
• 20:16
  has
• 20:16
  five
• 20:16
  different
• 20:17
  languages
• 20:17
  in
• 20:17
  the
• 20:17
  Lord
• 20:17
  of
• 20:18
  the
• 20:18
  Rings.
• 20:18
  They
• 20:19
  actually
• 20:19
  are
• 20:20
  not
• 20:20
  made
• 20:20
  up
• 20:20
  languages.
• 20:21
  You
• 20:21
  can
• 20:21
  conjugate
• 20:22
  the
• 20:22
  verbs.
• 20:22
  You
• 20:22
  could
• 20:23
  see
• 20:23
  the
• 20:23
  singular
• 20:24
  versus
• 20:24
  the
• 20:24
  plural.
• 20:25
  He
• 20:25
  was
• 20:25
  a
• 20:25
  linguist
• 20:26
  first,
• 20:26
  and
• 20:26
  he
• 20:26
  actually
• 20:27
  started
• 20:27
  creating
• 20:28
  languages.
• 20:28
  And
• 20:29
  then
• 20:29
  he
• 20:29
  said,
• 20:29
  what
• 20:30
  kind
• 20:30
  of
• 20:30
  world
• 20:30
  would
• 20:30
  people
• 20:31
  use
• 20:31
  these
• 20:31
  languages?
• 20:32
  So
• 20:33
  he
• 20:33
  was
• 20:33
  amazingly
• 20:34
  thorough.
• 20:34
  Even
• 20:35
  his
• 20:35
  geography.
• 20:36
  He
• 20:36
  and
• 20:37
  Lewis
• 20:37
  both
• 20:37
  marched
• 20:38
  all
• 20:38
  over
• 20:38
  France
• 20:39
  in
• 20:39
  there.
• 20:39
  And
• 20:40
  so
• 20:40
  when
• 20:41
  you're
• 20:41
  reading
• 20:41
  about
• 20:42
  the
• 20:42
  Nine
• 20:42
  Walkers
• 20:43
  leaving
• 20:43
  Rivendell
• 20:44
  and
• 20:44
  it
• 20:45
  takes
• 20:45
  two
• 20:45
  weeks
• 20:45
  to
• 20:45
  get
• 20:46
  to
• 20:46
  their
• 20:46
  next
• 20:46
  destination,
• 20:47
  he
• 20:47
  said,
• 20:48
  I
• 20:48
  really
• 20:48
  tried
• 20:48
  to
• 20:49
  figure
• 20:49
  out
• 20:49
  how
• 20:49
  far
• 20:50
  can
• 20:50
  nine
• 20:50
  people
• 20:50
  on
• 20:51
  foot
• 20:51
  travel
• 20:52
  in
• 20:52
  a
• 20:52
  day.
• 20:53
  And
• 20:53
  he
• 20:53
  built
• 20:53
  that
• 20:53
  into
• 20:54
  the
• 20:54
  Lord
• 20:54
  of
• 20:54
  the
• 20:54
  Ring.
• 20:56
  Amazing
• 20:58
  attention
• 20:59
  to
• 20:59
  detail.
• 21:00
  So
• 21:00
  loose
• 21:00
  is
• 21:00
  Tolkien's
• 21:01
  view
• 21:01
  is
• 21:01
  more
• 21:02
  being
• 21:03
  a
• 21:03
  sub
• 21:03
  creator.
• 21:04
  He
• 21:04
  liked
• 21:05
  the
• 21:05
  story
• 21:05
  of
• 21:05
  the
• 21:06
  sculptor
• 21:07
  who
• 21:07
  was
• 21:07
  making
• 21:07
  a
• 21:11
  gargoyle
• 21:12
  on
• 21:12
  the
• 21:12
  top
• 21:12
  of
• 21:13
  a
• 21:13
  way
• 21:13
  up
• 21:14
  high
• 21:14
  on
• 21:14
  a
• 21:15
  cathedral.
• 21:16
  And
• 21:16
  somebody
• 21:16
  said,
• 21:17
  why
• 21:17
  are
• 21:17
  you
• 21:17
  working
• 21:17
  so
• 21:18
  hard
• 21:18
  at
• 21:18
  that?
• 21:18
  You
• 21:18
  know,
• 21:18
  nobody's
• 21:19
  going
• 21:19
  to
• 21:19
  see
• 21:19
  it
• 21:20
  from
• 21:20
  the
• 21:20
  ground.
• 21:21
  And
• 21:21
  the
• 21:21
  sculptor
• 21:22
  said,
• 21:22
  well,
• 21:22
  God
• 21:23
  sees
• 21:23
  it.
• 21:23
  And
• 21:24
  Lewis
• 21:24
  felt
• 21:24
  the
• 21:25
  same
• 21:25
  way.
• 21:25
  I'm
• 21:25
  going
• 21:25
  to
• 21:25
  make
• 21:25
  gargoyles,
• 21:26
  even
• 21:27
  if
• 21:27
  only
• 21:27
  God
• 21:28
  is
• 21:28
  there
• 21:28
  to
• 21:28
  appreciate
• 21:29
  it.
• 21:30
  Lewis's
• 21:31
  emphasis
• 21:31
  was
• 21:31
  a
• 21:32
  little
• 21:32
  different.
• 21:32
  He
• 21:32
  always
• 21:32
  had
• 21:33
  a
• 21:33
  bit
• 21:33
  of
• 21:33
  a
• 21:35
  evangelistic
• 21:36
  streak.
• 21:36
  He
• 21:37
  liked
• 21:37
  Billy
• 21:37
  Graham.
• 21:38
  He
• 21:38
  said,
• 21:39
  I
• 21:39
  got
• 21:39
  a
• 21:39
  bit
• 21:39
  of
• 21:40
  the
• 21:40
  Bible
• 21:40
  thumper
• 21:41
  in
• 21:41
  me.
• 21:41
  He
• 21:41
  said.
• 21:42
  So
• 21:43
  Lewis
• 21:43
  said
• 21:44
  creation
• 21:44
  as
• 21:45
  applied
• 21:45
  to
• 21:45
  human
• 21:46
  authorship
• 21:46
  seems
• 21:46
  to
• 21:47
  be
• 21:47
  entirely
• 21:47
  misleading
• 21:48
  term.
• 21:49
  We
• 21:49
  rearrange
• 21:50
  elements
• 21:50
  he
• 21:50
  has
• 21:51
  provided.
• 21:51
  There's
• 21:52
  not
• 21:52
  a
• 21:52
  vestige
• 21:53
  of
• 21:53
  real
• 21:53
  creativity
• 21:54
  de
• 21:54
  novo
• 21:55
  in
• 21:55
  us.
• 21:56
  Totally
• 21:56
  new.
• 21:57
  Try
• 21:58
  to
• 21:58
  imagine
• 21:58
  a
• 21:58
  new
• 21:59
  primary
• 21:59
  color,
• 22:00
  a
• 22:00
  third
• 22:01
  sex,
• 22:01
  a
• 22:01
  fourth
• 22:01
  dimension,
• 22:02
  or
• 22:02
  even
• 22:02
  a
• 22:03
  monster
• 22:03
  which
• 22:03
  does
• 22:03
  not
• 22:03
  consist
• 22:04
  of
• 22:04
  bits
• 22:05
  and
• 22:05
  parts
• 22:05
  from
• 22:06
  existing
• 22:06
  animals
• 22:07
  stuck
• 22:07
  together.
• 22:08
  Nothing
• 22:08
  happens.
• 22:09
  So
• 22:10
  he
• 22:10
  had
• 22:10
  more
• 22:11
  of
• 22:11
  a
• 22:11
  view
• 22:11
  that
• 22:11
  we
• 22:11
  take
• 22:12
  the
• 22:12
  creation
• 22:12
  we
• 22:12
  find
• 22:13
  and
• 22:14
  we
• 22:14
  transform
• 22:15
  it
• 22:15
  in
• 22:15
  our
• 22:15
  fiction.
• 22:16
  We
• 22:16
  don't
• 22:16
  try
• 22:17
  to
• 22:17
  be
• 22:17
  sub
• 22:17
  creators
• 22:18
  necessarily,
• 22:19
  but
• 22:20
  Tolkien
• 22:21
  said
• 22:21
  fantasy
• 22:22
  is
• 22:22
  made
• 22:23
  out
• 22:23
  of
• 22:23
  the
• 22:23
  primary
• 22:24
  world,
• 22:24
  the
• 22:24
  world
• 22:24
  we
• 22:25
  live
• 22:25
  in.
• 22:25
  But
• 22:25
  a
• 22:26
  good
• 22:26
  craftsman
• 22:27
  loves
• 22:27
  the
• 22:27
  material
• 22:28
  and
• 22:28
  has
• 22:28
  a
• 22:29
  knowledge
• 22:29
  and
• 22:30
  feeling
• 22:30
  for
• 22:31
  clay,
• 22:31
  stone
• 22:31
  and
• 22:32
  wood
• 22:32
  when
• 22:33
  only
• 22:33
  the
• 22:33
  art
• 22:33
  of
• 22:34
  making
• 22:34
  can
• 22:34
  give.
• 22:35
  So
• 22:35
  he
• 22:36
  saw
• 22:36
  the
• 22:37
  fantasy
• 22:37
  writer
• 22:37
  as
• 22:38
  a
• 22:38
  kind
• 22:38
  of
• 22:39
  a
• 22:39
  sub
• 22:39
  creator,
• 22:41
  literally
• 22:41
  creating
• 22:42
  his
• 22:42
  world
• 22:42
  brick
• 22:43
  by
• 22:43
  brick.
• 22:45
  Even
• 22:45
  though
• 22:45
  Louis.
• 22:46
  Even
• 22:47
  though
• 22:47
  Tolkien
• 22:47
  stressed
• 22:48
  that
• 22:48
  he
• 22:48
  wanted
• 22:48
  to
• 22:48
  be
• 22:49
  a
• 22:49
  sub
• 22:49
  creator,
• 22:49
  quite
• 22:50
  a
• 22:50
  bit
• 22:50
  of
• 22:50
  things
• 22:50
  from
• 22:51
  the
• 22:51
  primary
• 22:51
  world
• 22:52
  got
• 22:52
  into
• 22:52
  his
• 22:52
  fiction.
• 22:53
  Gandalf
• 22:54
  means
• 22:54
  magic
• 22:55
  elf
• 22:56
  and
• 22:56
  that
• 22:56
  shows
• 22:57
  up
• 22:57
  in
• 22:57
  the
• 22:57
  older
• 22:57
  Eddas.
• 22:58
  And
• 22:58
  so
• 22:59
  he
• 22:59
  liked
• 22:59
  that
• 22:59
  name
• 22:59
  and
• 23:00
  added
• 23:00
  that
• 23:02
  the
• 23:02
  figures.
• 23:02
  He
• 23:03
  got
• 23:03
  a
• 23:03
  postcard
• 23:04
  from
• 23:04
  Germany
• 23:05
  and
• 23:05
  they
• 23:06
  had
• 23:06
  the
• 23:08
  Bergeist,
• 23:08
  the.
• 23:09
  The
• 23:10
  mountain
• 23:10
  spirit
• 23:10
  of
• 23:11
  German
• 23:11
  lore.
• 23:11
  He
• 23:12
  actually
• 23:12
  got
• 23:12
  this,
• 23:13
  this
• 23:14
  postcard
• 23:14
  on
• 23:14
  the
• 23:15
  back
• 23:15
  of
• 23:15
  it,
• 23:15
  it
• 23:15
  says
• 23:15
  Gandalf.
• 23:16
  So
• 23:17
  he
• 23:17
  showed
• 23:17
  that,
• 23:17
  that,
• 23:18
  that
• 23:18
  image
• 23:19
  of
• 23:19
  the
• 23:20
  wizard
• 23:20
  with
• 23:20
  a
• 23:20
  big
• 23:21
  cloak
• 23:21
  and
• 23:21
  the
• 23:21
  wide
• 23:21
  brimmed
• 23:22
  hat
• 23:22
  was
• 23:22
  a
• 23:22
  basis
• 23:23
  for
• 23:23
  Gandalf.
• 23:24
  Tom
• 23:24
  Bombadil
• 23:25
  was
• 23:25
  a
• 23:25
  Dutch
• 23:26
  doll
• 23:26
  that
• 23:26
  the
• 23:27
  children
• 23:27
  had.
• 23:28
  And
• 23:28
  one
• 23:29
  time
• 23:30
  one
• 23:30
  of
• 23:31
  the
• 23:31
  brothers,
• 23:31
  there
• 23:31
  were
• 23:32
  three
• 23:32
  sons
• 23:32
  and
• 23:32
  a
• 23:32
  daughter
• 23:33
  put
• 23:33
  the
• 23:34
  doll
• 23:34
  in
• 23:34
  the
• 23:34
  toilet
• 23:35
  and
• 23:35
  it
• 23:35
  was
• 23:35
  all
• 23:35
  dripping.
• 23:36
  And
• 23:37
  Vulcan
• 23:38
  said,
• 23:38
  oh,
• 23:38
  well,
• 23:39
  I
• 23:39
  see
• 23:39
  he's
• 23:39
  been
• 23:39
  on
• 23:40
  his
• 23:40
  adventure.
• 23:40
  Tom
• 23:40
  Bombadil
• 23:41
  was
• 23:42
  got
• 23:42
  too
• 23:43
  close
• 23:43
  to
• 23:43
  the
• 23:43
  brook
• 23:43
  and
• 23:44
  the.
• 23:44
  The
• 23:44
  water
• 23:44
  nymph
• 23:45
  pulled
• 23:45
  him
• 23:45
  into
• 23:45
  the
• 23:46
  water,
• 23:46
  so
• 23:46
  that's
• 23:46
  why
• 23:47
  he's
• 23:47
  drenched.
• 23:48
  So
• 23:48
  he
• 23:48
  Turned
• 23:48
  a.
• 23:49
  A
• 23:50
  childhood
• 23:50
  tragedy
• 23:51
  into
• 23:51
  a
• 23:51
  charming
• 23:52
  story.
• 23:52
  And
• 23:52
  then
• 23:52
  he
• 23:52
  would
• 23:52
  make
• 23:53
  up
• 23:53
  more
• 23:53
  and
• 23:53
  more
• 23:53
  adventures
• 23:54
  about
• 23:54
  Tom
• 23:55
  Bombadil
• 23:55
  and
• 23:55
  he
• 23:56
  becomes
• 23:56
  a
• 23:56
  character
• 23:57
  in
• 23:57
  the
• 23:57
  Lord
• 23:57
  of
• 23:57
  the
• 23:57
  Rings.
• 23:59
  Borrowings
• 24:00
  from
• 24:00
  the
• 24:00
  primary
• 24:00
  world
• 24:02
  Edith
• 24:02
  Tolkien,
• 24:03
  Lewis
• 24:04
  met
• 24:04
  in.
• 24:04
  They
• 24:05
  were
• 24:05
  both
• 24:05
  orphans.
• 24:06
  They
• 24:06
  were
• 24:06
  in
• 24:06
  an
• 24:06
  orphanage
• 24:07
  and
• 24:08
  she
• 24:08
  loved
• 24:08
  to
• 24:08
  dance.
• 24:09
  One
• 24:09
  time
• 24:09
  they
• 24:09
  were
• 24:10
  taking
• 24:10
  a
• 24:10
  walk
• 24:10
  around
• 24:10
  the
• 24:11
  orphanage
• 24:11
  and
• 24:12
  she
• 24:12
  went
• 24:12
  to
• 24:12
  a
• 24:12
  meadow
• 24:13
  and
• 24:13
  just
• 24:13
  started
• 24:14
  dancing
• 24:15
  in
• 24:15
  the
• 24:15
  sunlight.
• 24:16
  And
• 24:16
  Lewis
• 24:16
  always.
• 24:17
  Spokane,
• 24:18
  always
• 24:18
  remembered
• 24:18
  that.
• 24:19
  And
• 24:19
  you
• 24:19
  see
• 24:20
  that
• 24:20
  in
• 24:21
  a
• 24:21
  number
• 24:21
  of
• 24:21
  his
• 24:22
  stories,
• 24:23
  especially
• 24:24
  the.
• 24:25
  The
• 24:25
  story
• 24:25
  of
• 24:25
  Aragorn
• 24:26
  and
• 24:29
  what's
• 24:29
  her
• 24:29
  name.
• 24:32
  Oh,
• 24:33
  Arwen
• 24:33
  is
• 24:33
  one
• 24:33
  thing
• 24:33
  up.
• 24:34
  Well,
• 24:34
  both
• 24:34
  Lucien
• 24:35
  and
• 24:35
  Arwen
• 24:36
  dance.
• 24:37
  As
• 24:37
  I
• 24:37
  say,
• 24:38
  Tolkien
• 24:38
  did
• 24:38
  a
• 24:38
  lot
• 24:38
  of
• 24:38
  revising.
• 24:39
  His
• 24:40
  first
• 24:40
  name
• 24:41
  for
• 24:42
  Arwen
• 24:43
  was
• 24:44
  going
• 24:44
  to
• 24:44
  be
• 24:45
  something
• 24:46
  like
• 24:46
  Blood
• 24:46
  Orson.
• 24:47
  I
• 24:47
  can't
• 24:47
  remember
• 24:47
  it.
• 24:48
  And
• 24:48
  then
• 24:48
  he
• 24:48
  came
• 24:48
  up
• 24:49
  with
• 24:49
  Arvin.
• 24:49
  Arwen.
• 24:51
  No,
• 24:51
  it
• 24:51
  was
• 24:51
  Fenullius.
• 24:52
  I'm
• 24:52
  sorry,
• 24:52
  but
• 24:52
  Dorthen
• 24:52
  was
• 24:53
  his
• 24:53
  first
• 24:53
  name
• 24:53
  for
• 24:54
  Gandalf
• 24:55
  and
• 24:55
  Arwen
• 24:56
  was
• 24:56
  called
• 24:56
  Fanulius.
• 24:57
  I
• 24:57
  would
• 24:57
  love
• 24:58
  to
• 24:58
  be
• 24:58
  at
• 24:58
  his
• 24:58
  elbow
• 24:58
  while
• 24:59
  he's
• 24:59
  revising.
• 25:00
  You
• 25:00
  see
• 25:00
  the
• 25:00
  word
• 25:01
  Fanulius
• 25:01
  for
• 25:01
  this
• 25:02
  beautiful
• 25:02
  young
• 25:02
  woman
• 25:03
  who
• 25:03
  dances
• 25:04
  and
• 25:04
  then
• 25:04
  he
• 25:04
  crosses
• 25:05
  it
• 25:05
  out
• 25:05
  and
• 25:06
  puts
• 25:06
  in
• 25:06
  Arwen
• 25:07
  Evenstar.
• 25:08
  You've
• 25:08
  got
• 25:08
  to
• 25:09
  go.
• 25:09
  Yes,
• 25:09
  Good
• 25:10
  revision.
• 25:12
  He
• 25:12
  was
• 25:12
  amazing
• 25:13
  that
• 25:13
  way.
• 25:15
  J.K.
• 25:15
  rowling
• 25:16
  took
• 25:17
  a
• 25:17
  big
• 25:17
  piece
• 25:17
  of
• 25:17
  shelf
• 25:18
  paper
• 25:18
  and
• 25:18
  she
• 25:19
  outlined
• 25:19
  all
• 25:19
  seven
• 25:20
  books
• 25:20
  and
• 25:20
  all
• 25:21
  the
• 25:21
  character
• 25:21
  arcs
• 25:22
  of
• 25:22
  key
• 25:22
  characters,
• 25:23
  whereas
• 25:24
  Tolkien
• 25:24
  would
• 25:24
  just
• 25:24
  wing
• 25:25
  it.
• 25:25
  He
• 25:25
  loved
• 25:25
  the
• 25:25
  idea
• 25:26
  of
• 25:26
  Strider.
• 25:27
  Was
• 25:27
  originally
• 25:28
  a
• 25:28
  hobbit
• 25:29
  ranger
• 25:29
  named
• 25:30
  Trotter,
• 25:31
  and
• 25:31
  he
• 25:31
  was
• 25:31
  wise
• 25:32
  and
• 25:33
  been
• 25:33
  around
• 25:33
  all
• 25:33
  around
• 25:34
  the
• 25:34
  world,
• 25:34
  but
• 25:34
  he's
• 25:34
  hard
• 25:35
  not
• 25:35
  to
• 25:35
  laugh
• 25:35
  at
• 25:35
  him.
• 25:36
  And
• 25:36
  when
• 25:37
  they
• 25:37
  got
• 25:37
  in
• 25:37
  the
• 25:37
  snow
• 25:38
  of
• 25:38
  Mount
• 25:38
  Cardis,
• 25:41
  Hoking
• 25:41
  says,
• 25:41
  I
• 25:42
  can't
• 25:42
  have
• 25:42
  this
• 25:42
  wise
• 25:42
  leader
• 25:43
  being
• 25:43
  carried
• 25:44
  by
• 25:44
  humans.
• 25:45
  And
• 25:46
  so
• 25:46
  he
• 25:47
  changed.
• 25:47
  He
• 25:48
  decided
• 25:48
  to
• 25:48
  make
• 25:48
  him
• 25:48
  into
• 25:49
  a
• 25:49
  human
• 25:49
  ranger
• 25:50
  named
• 25:50
  Schreider.
• 25:52
  I'm
• 25:52
  glad,
• 25:52
  Will,
• 25:52
  that
• 25:53
  you
• 25:53
  stressed
• 25:53
  that
• 25:53
  these
• 25:53
  are
• 25:53
  humans.
• 25:54
  You
• 25:54
  said
• 25:54
  a
• 25:54
  couple
• 25:54
  times,
• 25:55
  these
• 25:55
  are
• 25:55
  human.
• 25:56
  They
• 25:56
  were
• 25:56
  not
• 25:58
  talking.
• 25:59
  Said
• 25:59
  I'm
• 25:59
  a
• 25:59
  hobbit
• 25:59
  and
• 25:59
  everything,
• 26:00
  but
• 26:00
  size.
• 26:00
  He
• 26:01
  said,
• 26:01
  I
• 26:01
  love
• 26:02
  Bright
• 26:02
  west
• 26:02
  kits.
• 26:03
  I
• 26:03
  like
• 26:03
  beer
• 26:03
  and
• 26:04
  smoking
• 26:04
  and
• 26:04
  I
• 26:04
  like
• 26:05
  adventures.
• 26:05
  So
• 26:06
  he
• 26:06
  identified
• 26:06
  quite
• 26:07
  a
• 26:07
  bit
• 26:07
  with
• 26:08
  his
• 26:08
  hobbit
• 26:08
  characters.
• 26:10
  Lewis's
• 26:11
  stories
• 26:11
  nearly
• 26:11
  all
• 26:12
  always
• 26:12
  began
• 26:12
  with
• 26:13
  images.
• 26:13
  Tolkien's
• 26:14
  story
• 26:14
  started
• 26:14
  with
• 26:15
  words.
• 26:16
  He
• 26:16
  was
• 26:16
  grading
• 26:17
  blue
• 26:17
  books
• 26:18
  and
• 26:19
  he
• 26:19
  came
• 26:19
  across
• 26:20
  a
• 26:20
  blank
• 26:20
  page,
• 26:20
  and
• 26:21
  it
• 26:21
  was
• 26:21
  such
• 26:21
  a
• 26:21
  relief.
• 26:22
  As
• 26:22
  a
• 26:22
  professor,
• 26:23
  I
• 26:23
  totally
• 26:23
  identify
• 26:24
  with
• 26:24
  this.
• 26:25
  You
• 26:25
  think
• 26:25
  you've
• 26:25
  got
• 26:26
  like
• 26:26
  six
• 26:26
  more
• 26:26
  pages
• 26:26
  of
• 26:27
  handwritten
• 26:27
  blue
• 26:27
  book
• 26:28
  and
• 26:28
  you
• 26:28
  turn
• 26:28
  a
• 26:28
  page
• 26:28
  and
• 26:29
  they
• 26:29
  stuck
• 26:29
  together.
• 26:30
  And
• 26:30
  he
• 26:31
  said,
• 26:32
  all
• 26:32
  students
• 26:33
  should
• 26:33
  do
• 26:33
  this.
• 26:35
  So
• 26:36
  the
• 26:36
  paper
• 26:36
  is
• 26:36
  very
• 26:37
  Rare.
• 26:37
  So
• 26:38
  he
• 26:38
  just
• 26:38
  wrote,
• 26:38
  in
• 26:39
  a
• 26:39
  hole
• 26:39
  in
• 26:39
  the
• 26:39
  ground,
• 26:40
  there
• 26:40
  lived.
• 26:41
  And
• 26:42
  then
• 26:42
  he
• 26:42
  said,
• 26:42
  what
• 26:42
  is
• 26:42
  a
• 26:43
  hobbit?
• 26:43
  What
• 26:43
  do
• 26:43
  they
• 26:43
  look
• 26:43
  like?
• 26:44
  You
• 26:44
  know,
• 26:44
  what
• 26:44
  are
• 26:44
  their
• 26:44
  habits?
• 26:45
  And
• 26:46
  so
• 26:46
  he
• 26:46
  started
• 26:46
  with
• 26:47
  the
• 26:47
  word
• 26:47
  hobbit
• 26:47
  before
• 26:48
  he
• 26:48
  invented
• 26:48
  the
• 26:48
  characters.
• 26:50
  I
• 26:51
  did.
• 26:51
  After
• 26:51
  I
• 26:52
  read
• 26:52
  this
• 26:52
  anecdote,
• 26:53
  I
• 26:53
  was
• 26:53
  grading
• 26:54
  student
• 26:55
  papers,
• 26:55
  and
• 26:56
  sure
• 26:56
  enough,
• 26:56
  there
• 26:56
  was
• 26:56
  a
• 26:57
  blank
• 26:57
  page
• 26:57
  in
• 26:57
  the
• 26:58
  Blue
• 26:58
  Book,
• 26:59
  and
• 26:59
  I
• 26:59
  wrote,
• 27:00
  in
• 27:00
  a
• 27:00
  part
• 27:00
  of
• 27:01
  the
• 27:01
  bay,
• 27:01
  there
• 27:01
  lived
• 27:01
  the
• 27:01
  halibut.
• 27:02
  And
• 27:03
  I
• 27:03
  waited
• 27:03
  for
• 27:03
  the
• 27:03
  magic
• 27:04
  to
• 27:04
  continue.
• 27:04
  And
• 27:05
  it
• 27:05
  did
• 27:05
  not
• 27:05
  continue.
• 27:06
  So
• 27:08
  I'm
• 27:08
  not
• 27:09
  talking.
• 27:10
  So
• 27:11
  for
• 27:11
  Lewis,
• 27:11
  it
• 27:11
  wasn't
• 27:12
  words,
• 27:12
  it
• 27:12
  was
• 27:13
  images.
• 27:13
  He
• 27:14
  said
• 27:14
  before
• 27:14
  he
• 27:14
  wrote
• 27:14
  Narnia,
• 27:15
  he
• 27:15
  saw
• 27:16
  a
• 27:16
  fawn
• 27:17
  with
• 27:17
  an
• 27:17
  umbrella
• 27:18
  on
• 27:18
  a
• 27:18
  snowy
• 27:18
  day,
• 27:19
  and
• 27:19
  he
• 27:19
  was
• 27:19
  dreaming
• 27:20
  of
• 27:20
  lions,
• 27:21
  and
• 27:21
  he
• 27:21
  saw
• 27:21
  a
• 27:21
  picture
• 27:22
  of
• 27:22
  this
• 27:22
  beautiful
• 27:22
  but
• 27:23
  cold
• 27:23
  queen.
• 27:24
  And
• 27:25
  his
• 27:25
  story
• 27:25
  had
• 27:26
  to
• 27:26
  do
• 27:26
  with
• 27:26
  connecting
• 27:26
  those
• 27:27
  images
• 27:27
  into
• 27:28
  a
• 27:28
  coherent
• 27:28
  narrative.
• 27:31
  Tolkien.
• 27:32
  I
• 27:32
  mentioned
• 27:33
  this.
• 27:33
  Tolkien
• 27:33
  stories
• 27:34
  often
• 27:34
  began
• 27:34
  with
• 27:34
  an
• 27:35
  evocative
• 27:35
  word.
• 27:36
  Ha.
• 27:36
  Arendelle.
• 27:37
  Brightest
• 27:38
  of
• 27:38
  angels
• 27:38
  of
• 27:39
  the
• 27:39
  Middle
• 27:39
  Earth
• 27:40
  sent
• 27:40
  unto
• 27:41
  men.
• 27:41
  He
• 27:42
  read
• 27:42
  that
• 27:42
  phrase
• 27:42
  and
• 27:43
  he
• 27:43
  said,
• 27:43
  who
• 27:43
  is
• 27:43
  Earendel?
• 27:44
  He
• 27:44
  created
• 27:44
  a
• 27:45
  character
• 27:45
  in
• 27:45
  his
• 27:45
  mythology
• 27:46
  who's
• 27:46
  a
• 27:47
  sky
• 27:47
  sailor
• 27:47
  named
• 27:47
  Earendel.
• 27:49
  I
• 27:49
  mentioned
• 27:50
  the
• 27:50
  part
• 27:50
  about,
• 27:50
  in
• 27:50
  a
• 27:50
  hole
• 27:51
  in
• 27:51
  the
• 27:51
  ground
• 27:51
  there
• 27:51
  lived
• 27:51
  a
• 27:52
  hobbit.
• 27:53
  Lewis
• 27:53
  tended,
• 27:54
  as
• 27:54
  I
• 27:54
  say,
• 27:54
  to
• 27:54
  be
• 27:54
  more
• 27:55
  evangelical.
• 27:56
  He
• 27:56
  was
• 27:57
  thinking
• 27:57
  about,
• 27:57
  what's
• 27:57
  the
• 27:57
  effect
• 27:57
  on
• 27:58
  the
• 27:58
  reader
• 27:58
  going
• 27:58
  to
• 27:58
  be?
• 27:59
  He
• 27:59
  wrote
• 28:00
  that
• 28:00
  the
• 28:00
  whole
• 28:00
  subject
• 28:00
  of
• 28:01
  religion
• 28:01
  was
• 28:01
  associated
• 28:02
  with
• 28:02
  lowered
• 28:03
  voices,
• 28:04
  as
• 28:04
  if
• 28:04
  it
• 28:04
  were
• 28:04
  something
• 28:05
  medical.
• 28:05
  But
• 28:06
  supposing
• 28:06
  by
• 28:07
  casting
• 28:07
  all
• 28:07
  these
• 28:08
  things
• 28:08
  into
• 28:08
  an
• 28:09
  imaginary
• 28:09
  world,
• 28:10
  stripping
• 28:11
  them
• 28:11
  of
• 28:11
  their
• 28:11
  stained
• 28:12
  glass
• 28:12
  and
• 28:13
  Sunday
• 28:13
  school
• 28:13
  associations,
• 28:15
  one
• 28:15
  could
• 28:15
  make
• 28:15
  them
• 28:16
  for
• 28:16
  the
• 28:16
  first
• 28:16
  time
• 28:17
  appear
• 28:18
  in
• 28:18
  their
• 28:18
  real
• 28:19
  potency?
• 28:20
  Good,
• 28:22
  good
• 28:22
  one
• 28:22
  not
• 28:23
  thus
• 28:24
  steal
• 28:24
  past
• 28:25
  watchful
• 28:25
  dragons.
• 28:26
  I
• 28:26
  thought
• 28:26
  they
• 28:27
  could.
• 28:28
  And
• 28:29
  Pastor
• 28:29
  Wilt
• 28:30
  mentioned
• 28:31
  translating
• 28:31
  Christianity
• 28:32
  into
• 28:32
  the
• 28:32
  vernacular,
• 28:33
  and
• 28:33
  that's
• 28:34
  one
• 28:34
  of
• 28:34
  Lewis's
• 28:35
  great
• 28:35
  passions.
• 28:36
  How
• 28:36
  do
• 28:36
  we
• 28:37
  take
• 28:37
  Christianity
• 28:38
  that
• 28:38
  is
• 28:38
  often
• 28:39
  too
• 28:39
  theological,
• 28:40
  too
• 28:40
  academic,
• 28:41
  and
• 28:41
  turn
• 28:42
  it
• 28:42
  into
• 28:42
  something
• 28:42
  that
• 28:43
  people
• 28:43
  can
• 28:43
  understand?
• 28:44
  It
• 28:44
  doesn't
• 28:45
  always
• 28:45
  work.
• 28:45
  I
• 28:46
  had
• 28:46
  a
• 28:46
  student
• 28:46
  when
• 28:47
  I
• 28:47
  was
• 28:47
  at
• 28:47
  Elizabethtown
• 28:48
  who
• 28:48
  said,
• 28:49
  I
• 28:50
  read
• 28:50
  the
• 28:50
  Lion,
• 28:50
  Witch
• 28:50
  in
• 28:51
  the
• 28:51
  Wardrobe,
• 28:52
  and
• 28:52
  people
• 28:53
  say
• 28:53
  it's
• 28:53
  Christian,
• 28:53
  but
• 28:54
  I
• 28:54
  like
• 28:54
  the
• 28:54
  story.
• 28:54
  But
• 28:55
  why
• 28:55
  do
• 28:55
  people
• 28:55
  say
• 28:55
  it's
• 28:56
  Christian?
• 28:57
  And
• 28:57
  I
• 28:57
  said,
• 28:57
  well,
• 28:57
  Aslan
• 28:58
  dies
• 28:58
  for
• 28:59
  someone
• 28:59
  else's
• 28:59
  fault,
• 29:00
  and
• 29:01
  then
• 29:01
  they're
• 29:01
  heartbroken
• 29:02
  because
• 29:02
  he's
• 29:03
  gone,
• 29:03
  but
• 29:04
  then
• 29:04
  he
• 29:04
  returns
• 29:05
  and
• 29:05
  they're
• 29:05
  jubilant.
• 29:05
  Does
• 29:06
  that
• 29:06
  remind
• 29:06
  you
• 29:06
  of
• 29:06
  anything?
• 29:07
  And
• 29:08
  my
• 29:08
  students
• 29:08
  said,
• 29:09
  oh,
• 29:09
  like
• 29:10
  Gandalf.
• 29:13
  So
• 29:14
  it's
• 29:14
  not
• 29:14
  a
• 29:14
  surefire
• 29:15
  method
• 29:15
  for
• 29:16
  evangelizing
• 29:16
  young
• 29:17
  people.
• 29:19
  But
• 29:19
  in
• 29:19
  any
• 29:19
  case,
• 29:19
  I
• 29:20
  just
• 29:20
  want
• 29:20
  to
• 29:20
  emphasize
• 29:20
  they
• 29:21
  were
• 29:21
  great
• 29:21
  friends,
• 29:22
  but
• 29:22
  they
• 29:23
  really
• 29:23
  had
• 29:23
  different
• 29:23
  views
• 29:24
  of
• 29:24
  Christian
• 29:25
  fantasy.
• 29:25
  Lewis
• 29:26
  stressed
• 29:26
  the
• 29:26
  interdependence
• 29:27
  of
• 29:28
  the
• 29:28
  factual
• 29:28
  world
• 29:29
  and
• 29:29
  one's
• 29:29
  fictional
• 29:30
  world.
• 29:30
  In
• 29:31
  the
• 29:31
  Narnia
• 29:31
  Chronicles,
• 29:32
  he'll
• 29:32
  say
• 29:33
  it
• 29:33
  reminded
• 29:33
  you,
• 29:34
  have
• 29:34
  you
• 29:34
  ever
• 29:34
  seen
• 29:34
  workers
• 29:35
  by
• 29:35
  the
• 29:35
  railway
• 29:36
  line
• 29:36
  drinking
• 29:36
  tea
• 29:37
  out
• 29:37
  of
• 29:37
  tin
• 29:37
  cups?
• 29:38
  Well,
• 29:38
  that's.
• 29:39
  And
• 29:39
  I've
• 29:39
  been
• 29:39
  to
• 29:39
  England
• 29:40
  a
• 29:40
  dozen
• 29:40
  times.
• 29:40
  I've
• 29:41
  never
• 29:41
  seen
• 29:41
  workers
• 29:42
  drinking
• 29:42
  tea
• 29:42
  out
• 29:42
  of
• 29:43
  tin
• 29:43
  cups.
• 29:44
  But
• 29:44
  he
• 29:44
  would
• 29:44
  make
• 29:45
  references
• 29:45
  to
• 29:45
  our
• 29:46
  world,
• 29:46
  which
• 29:47
  Louis
• 29:48
  Tolkien
• 29:48
  wouldn't
• 29:49
  do,
• 29:49
  and
• 29:49
  all
• 29:49
  of
• 29:49
  Lord
• 29:50
  of
• 29:50
  the
• 29:50
  Rings.
• 29:51
  There's
• 29:51
  no
• 29:51
  mention
• 29:52
  of
• 29:52
  Jesus
• 29:52
  or
• 29:53
  Napoleon
• 29:53
  or
• 29:54
  Hitler
• 29:54
  or
• 29:54
  anything
• 29:55
  of
• 29:55
  that
• 29:55
  sort.
• 29:56
  He
• 29:56
  made
• 29:56
  one
• 29:57
  mistake
• 29:57
  and
• 29:57
  he
• 29:57
  was
• 29:58
  unhappy
• 29:58
  about
• 29:58
  it.
• 29:59
  In
• 29:59
  the
• 29:59
  opening
• 29:59
  scene
• 30:00
  where
• 30:00
  Gandalf
• 30:01
  is
• 30:01
  putting
• 30:01
  on
• 30:01
  these
• 30:02
  great
• 30:02
  fireworks,
• 30:03
  it
• 30:03
  says
• 30:04
  one
• 30:04
  of
• 30:04
  the
• 30:05
  fireworks
• 30:06
  went
• 30:06
  blazing
• 30:07
  in
• 30:07
  front
• 30:07
  of
• 30:07
  their
• 30:07
  faces
• 30:08
  like
• 30:08
  a
• 30:08
  freight
• 30:08
  train.
• 30:09
  And
• 30:09
  later
• 30:10
  on
• 30:10
  he
• 30:10
  said,
• 30:10
  I'm
• 30:11
  mentioning
• 30:11
  freight
• 30:12
  trains
• 30:12
  in
• 30:13
  Middle
• 30:13
  Earth
• 30:13
  they
• 30:13
  didn't
• 30:14
  have
• 30:14
  freight
• 30:14
  trains.
• 30:15
  So
• 30:15
  that
• 30:15
  was
• 30:15
  his
• 30:15
  one
• 30:16
  lapse
• 30:16
  and
• 30:16
  he
• 30:17
  was
• 30:17
  sorry
• 30:17
  for
• 30:17
  it.
• 30:18
  He
• 30:18
  didn't
• 30:18
  catch
• 30:18
  that.
• 30:20
  The.
• 30:20
  So
• 30:20
  Tolkien
• 30:21
  stresses
• 30:21
  the
• 30:21
  independence
• 30:22
  of
• 30:22
  secondary
• 30:23
  world
• 30:23
  fantasy
• 30:24
  is
• 30:24
  an
• 30:24
  act
• 30:24
  of
• 30:24
  sub
• 30:25
  creation.
• 30:27
  In
• 30:27
  terms
• 30:27
  of
• 30:27
  their
• 30:28
  collaboration,
• 30:30
  Lewis
• 30:31
  brought
• 30:31
  out
• 30:31
  the
• 30:31
  best
• 30:32
  in
• 30:32
  Tolkien's
• 30:32
  work
• 30:33
  partly
• 30:33
  by
• 30:34
  just
• 30:34
  helping
• 30:34
  get
• 30:35
  published
• 30:36
  and
• 30:36
  then
• 30:36
  critiquing
• 30:37
  some
• 30:37
  of
• 30:37
  the
• 30:37
  passages.
• 30:38
  And
• 30:39
  Tolkien
• 30:40
  helped
• 30:40
  Lewis
• 30:42
  get
• 30:42
  a
• 30:42
  precise
• 30:43
  sense
• 30:43
  of
• 30:43
  writing
• 30:43
  for
• 30:44
  a
• 30:44
  popular
• 30:44
  audience.
• 30:45
  A
• 30:45
  better
• 30:46
  spelling.
• 30:46
  Lewis
• 30:47
  was
• 30:47
  a
• 30:47
  terrible
• 30:47
  speller
• 30:48
  and
• 30:49
  a
• 30:49
  better
• 30:49
  ending
• 30:50
  to
• 30:50
  the
• 30:51
  story
• 30:51
  and
• 30:52
  also
• 30:52
  helped
• 30:52
  him
• 30:52
  find
• 30:52
  a
• 30:53
  publisher.
• 30:53
  So
• 30:54
  the
• 30:54
  two
• 30:54
  of
• 30:54
  them
• 30:54
  had
• 30:54
  a
• 30:55
  wonderful
• 30:55
  collaboration.
• 30:56
  It's
• 30:56
  one
• 30:56
  of
• 30:56
  those
• 30:56
  Lennon
• 30:57
  McCartney
• 30:58
  type
• 30:58
  moments
• 31:00
  where
• 31:00
  the
• 31:00
  two
• 31:01
  of
• 31:01
  them
• 31:01
  just
• 31:02
  had
• 31:02
  a
• 31:02
  synergy
• 31:03
  that
• 31:03
  kept
• 31:03
  them
• 31:06
  both
• 31:06
  stimulated
• 31:07
  each
• 31:07
  other
• 31:07
  and
• 31:07
  challenged
• 31:08
  each
• 31:08
  other
• 31:08
  and
• 31:09
  ended
• 31:10
  up
• 31:10
  being
• 31:10
  two
• 31:10
  of
• 31:10
  the
• 31:10
  greatest
• 31:11
  writers
• 31:11
  of
• 31:11
  the
• 31:11
  20th
• 31:11
  century.
• 31:12
  People
• 31:12
  say,
• 31:13
  well,
• 31:13
  who
• 31:13
  do
• 31:13
  you
• 31:13
  think's
• 31:14
  method
• 31:14
  was
• 31:14
  more
• 31:14
  successful?
• 31:15
  The
• 31:15
  interdependence
• 31:16
  model,
• 31:17
  where
• 31:18
  it
• 31:18
  makes
• 31:19
  references
• 31:19
  to
• 31:19
  our
• 31:20
  world
• 31:20
  or
• 31:20
  the
• 31:20
  independence
• 31:21
  model.
• 31:22
  And
• 31:22
  I
• 31:22
  say,
• 31:23
  they
• 31:23
  Both
• 31:23
  have
• 31:24
  sold
• 31:24
  150
• 31:25
  million
• 31:25
  copies
• 31:26
  of
• 31:26
  their
• 31:26
  books.
• 31:27
  So
• 31:27
  I'd
• 31:27
  go,
• 31:28
  go
• 31:28
  one
• 31:28
  way
• 31:28
  or
• 31:29
  the
• 31:29
  other.
• 31:29
  It's
• 31:29
  okay,
• 31:30
  you
• 31:30
  know,
• 31:30
  it's
• 31:31
  not
• 31:31
  really
• 31:31
  a
• 31:31
  yes,
• 31:31
  no
• 31:31
  answer.
• 31:33
  Tolkien,
• 31:34
  Lewis
• 31:34
  was
• 31:35
  talking
• 31:35
  his
• 31:35
  biggest
• 31:35
  fan,
• 31:36
  promoter,
• 31:36
  encourager
• 31:37
  and
• 31:37
  haranguer,
• 31:38
  you
• 31:38
  know,
• 31:38
  get
• 31:38
  these
• 31:39
  things
• 31:39
  ready
• 31:39
  for
• 31:39
  publication.
• 31:40
  To
• 31:41
  was
• 31:41
  a
• 31:41
  nightmare
• 31:42
  for
• 31:42
  publishers.
• 31:42
  He
• 31:43
  would
• 31:43
  work
• 31:43
  over
• 31:43
  something,
• 31:44
  20
• 31:44
  drafts
• 31:44
  into
• 31:45
  the
• 31:45
  publisher
• 31:46
  and
• 31:46
  they
• 31:46
  would
• 31:47
  send
• 31:47
  back
• 31:47
  the
• 31:47
  galleys,
• 31:48
  which
• 31:48
  is
• 31:48
  just
• 31:48
  for
• 31:49
  typos
• 31:49
  and
• 31:49
  punctuation
• 31:50
  errors.
• 31:51
  And
• 31:51
  he
• 31:51
  would
• 31:52
  start
• 31:52
  going,
• 31:52
  you
• 31:52
  know,
• 31:52
  I
• 31:53
  think
• 31:53
  Aragorn
• 31:53
  should
• 31:54
  be
• 31:54
  a
• 31:54
  human.
• 31:54
  And
• 31:54
  he
• 31:54
  would
• 31:55
  start
• 31:55
  writing
• 31:55
  in
• 31:55
  the
• 31:55
  margins.
• 31:56
  And
• 31:56
  the
• 31:56
  publishers
• 31:57
  go,
• 31:57
  please,
• 31:58
  no.
• 31:58
  You
• 31:58
  know,
• 31:59
  whereas
• 32:00
  the
• 32:00
  Tolkien
• 32:00
  was.
• 32:01
  I
• 32:01
  mean,
• 32:01
  Luce
• 32:01
  was
• 32:01
  the
• 32:01
  opposite.
• 32:02
  He
• 32:02
  wrote
• 32:02
  one
• 32:02
  of
• 32:02
  The
• 32:02
  Narnia
• 32:03
  Chronicles.
• 32:03
  He
• 32:03
  just
• 32:04
  hand
• 32:04
  wrote
• 32:04
  it.
• 32:05
  His
• 32:05
  handwriting
• 32:05
  was
• 32:05
  so
• 32:05
  neat.
• 32:06
  He
• 32:06
  submitted
• 32:07
  it
• 32:07
  to
• 32:07
  the
• 32:07
  publisher
• 32:08
  handwritten,
• 32:09
  and
• 32:09
  there
• 32:09
  were
• 32:09
  virtually
• 32:09
  no
• 32:10
  changes.
• 32:11
  So
• 32:11
  once
• 32:11
  again,
• 32:11
  you
• 32:12
  can
• 32:12
  have
• 32:12
  very
• 32:12
  different
• 32:12
  creative
• 32:13
  models
• 32:13
  and
• 32:14
  they
• 32:14
  can
• 32:14
  be
• 32:14
  both
• 32:15
  be
• 32:15
  successful.
• 32:16
  Okay,
• 32:16
  so
• 32:17
  that's
• 32:17
  my
• 32:17
  quick
• 32:17
  take
• 32:18
  on
• 32:18
  those
• 32:18
  two.
• 32:19
  And
• 32:19
  Crystal,
• 32:20
  you
• 32:20
  want
• 32:20
  to
• 32:20
  come
• 32:20
  up
• 32:20
  and
• 32:21
  talk
• 32:22
  about
• 32:22
  Dorothy
• 32:22
  Sayers.
• 32:24
  Thank
• 32:24
  you.
• 32:25
  Thank
• 32:25
  you.
• 32:26
  Go
• 32:26
  ahead
• 32:26
  and
• 32:27
  sit
• 32:27
  down
• 32:27
  again.
• 32:30
  So
• 32:30
  could
• 32:30
  you
• 32:30
  clap
• 32:31
  again
• 32:31
  just
• 32:31
  for
• 32:31
  me?
• 32:33
  Thank
• 32:33
  you.
• 32:34
  Thank
• 32:34
  you.
• 32:35
  I
• 32:35
  appreciate
• 32:35
  that.
• 32:36
  Okay,
• 32:38
  now
• 32:38
  let
• 32:38
  me
• 32:38
  introduce.
• 32:40
  Okay,
• 32:41
  so
• 32:41
  you
• 32:42
  know
• 32:42
  what
• 32:42
  you're
• 32:42
  doing
• 32:42
  now.
• 32:42
  You
• 32:42
  know
• 32:42
  how
• 32:43
  to.
• 32:57
  Okay.
• 33:00
  Basically,
• 33:01
  David
• 33:01
  has
• 33:01
  talked
• 33:02
  about
• 33:02
  how
• 33:03
  Lewis
• 33:04
  talking
• 33:06
  were
• 33:06
  essential
• 33:07
  to
• 33:08
  the
• 33:08
  reformation
• 33:09
  of
• 33:09
  each
• 33:09
  other's
• 33:10
  views
• 33:11
  that
• 33:11
  have
• 33:12
  changed
• 33:13
  the
• 33:13
  way
• 33:14
  thousands
• 33:14
  of
• 33:14
  people
• 33:15
  have
• 33:15
  thought
• 33:16
  about
• 33:16
  Christianity.
• 33:17
  I
• 33:18
  want
• 33:18
  to
• 33:18
  bring
• 33:18
  us
• 33:19
  into
• 33:20
  our
• 33:21
  era.
• 33:21
  But
• 33:22
  to
• 33:22
  do
• 33:23
  that,
• 33:24
  I'm
• 33:24
  going
• 33:24
  to
• 33:24
  talk
• 33:24
  about
• 33:25
  Dorothy
• 33:25
  Sayers,
• 33:26
  who
• 33:27
  is
• 33:28
  someone
• 33:28
  that
• 33:29
  Lewis
• 33:29
  identified
• 33:30
  as
• 33:30
  near
• 33:30
  the
• 33:31
  end
• 33:31
  of
• 33:31
  his
• 33:31
  life
• 33:33
  as
• 33:33
  one
• 33:34
  of
• 33:34
  the
• 33:34
  four
• 33:35
  most
• 33:35
  important
• 33:36
  influences
• 33:37
  on
• 33:37
  his
• 33:38
  spiritual
• 33:38
  life.
• 33:39
  And
• 33:40
  we'll
• 33:40
  see
• 33:41
  why.
• 33:42
  But
• 33:42
  to
• 33:42
  get
• 33:42
  us
• 33:43
  to
• 33:43
  relate
• 33:44
  it
• 33:44
  to
• 33:44
  our
• 33:45
  own
• 33:45
  times,
• 33:47
  I
• 33:48
  want
• 33:48
  you
• 33:48
  to
• 33:49
  think
• 33:49
  about
• 33:49
  an
• 33:49
  advertisement
• 33:50
  in
• 33:51
  Our
• 33:51
  Own
• 33:52
  times
• 33:53
  that
• 33:53
  I
• 33:54
  pulled
• 33:54
  out
• 33:54
  of
• 33:55
  a
• 33:55
  magazine.
• 33:56
  Spirituality
• 33:58
  meets
• 33:59
  artistry.
• 34:00
  For
• 34:00
  only
• 34:01
  $59,
• 34:03
  you
• 34:03
  can
• 34:03
  be
• 34:03
  spiritual.
• 34:04
  You
• 34:04
  can
• 34:05
  buy
• 34:05
  the
• 34:06
  sign
• 34:07
  of
• 34:09
  spirituality
• 34:09
  itself.
• 34:10
  It
• 34:11
  reminds
• 34:11
  me
• 34:11
  of
• 34:11
  an
• 34:12
  incident
• 34:12
  that
• 34:13
  my
• 34:13
  nephew
• 34:14
  told
• 34:15
  us
• 34:15
  when
• 34:15
  he
• 34:15
  was
• 34:16
  at
• 34:17
  seminary
• 34:17
  in
• 34:18
  Los
• 34:18
  Angeles.
• 34:19
  A
• 34:19
  friend
• 34:20
  of
• 34:20
  his
• 34:21
  got
• 34:21
  a
• 34:22
  job
• 34:22
  dog
• 34:23
  sitting
• 34:24
  while
• 34:24
  a
• 34:24
  couple
• 34:25
  in
• 34:25
  Beverly
• 34:25
  Hills
• 34:26
  were
• 34:26
  off
• 34:26
  in
• 34:27
  Europe.
• 34:27
  And
• 34:28
  as
• 34:28
  this
• 34:30
  student
• 34:31
  was
• 34:31
  babysitting
• 34:32
  the
• 34:32
  dog,
• 34:32
  the
• 34:33
  dog
• 34:33
  died.
• 34:35
  And
• 34:35
  so
• 34:36
  she
• 34:36
  called
• 34:36
  the
• 34:37
  people
• 34:37
  in
• 34:37
  Europe
• 34:38
  and
• 34:38
  said,
• 34:38
  oh,
• 34:38
  I'm
• 34:39
  sorry.
• 34:39
  The
• 34:40
  dog
• 34:40
  said.
• 34:40
  And
• 34:40
  they
• 34:40
  said,
• 34:41
  it's
• 34:41
  okay.
• 34:42
  Dog
• 34:42
  was
• 34:43
  very
• 34:43
  old.
• 34:44
  We
• 34:44
  knew
• 34:44
  he
• 34:45
  was
• 34:46
  not
• 34:46
  long
• 34:46
  to
• 34:47
  live.
• 34:47
  But
• 34:47
  we
• 34:47
  do
• 34:48
  want
• 34:48
  you
• 34:49
  to
• 34:50
  take
• 34:50
  him
• 34:51
  to
• 34:51
  our
• 34:52
  vet
• 34:53
  in
• 34:53
  Los
• 34:54
  Angeles
• 34:55
  who
• 34:55
  will
• 34:55
  know
• 34:56
  what
• 34:56
  to
• 34:56
  do
• 34:56
  with
• 34:57
  the
• 34:57
  body.
• 34:58
  And
• 34:58
  she
• 34:58
  says,
• 34:58
  well,
• 34:59
  how
• 34:59
  do
• 34:59
  I
• 34:59
  take
• 34:59
  him?
• 35:00
  And
• 35:00
  they
• 35:00
  said,
• 35:00
  well,
• 35:01
  just
• 35:01
  go
• 35:01
  up
• 35:01
  into
• 35:01
  the
• 35:02
  attic.
• 35:02
  There's
• 35:03
  some
• 35:03
  old
• 35:03
  suitcases
• 35:04
  there.
• 35:04
  Just
• 35:05
  put
• 35:05
  him
• 35:05
  in
• 35:05
  a
• 35:05
  suitcase
• 35:06
  and
• 35:07
  then
• 35:08
  take
• 35:08
  him
• 35:09
  to
• 35:09
  this
• 35:10
  address.
• 35:11
  Well,
• 35:11
  this
• 35:12
  woman,
• 35:12
  she
• 35:13
  was
• 35:15
  struggling
• 35:15
  student
• 35:16
  financially,
• 35:17
  so
• 35:17
  she
• 35:18
  had
• 35:18
  to
• 35:18
  take
• 35:18
  buses
• 35:19
  from
• 35:20
  Beverly
• 35:20
  Hills
• 35:21
  to
• 35:22
  downtown
• 35:22
  Los
• 35:23
  Angeles
• 35:23
  and
• 35:23
  then
• 35:23
  switch
• 35:24
  buses
• 35:24
  to
• 35:25
  get
• 35:25
  to
• 35:25
  the
• 35:25
  vets.
• 35:26
  And
• 35:27
  as
• 35:27
  she
• 35:28
  was
• 35:28
  getting
• 35:29
  out
• 35:29
  of
• 35:30
  the
• 35:30
  bus,
• 35:31
  well,
• 35:31
  she
• 35:31
  found
• 35:32
  the
• 35:32
  suitcase.
• 35:33
  She
• 35:33
  put
• 35:33
  the
• 35:33
  dead
• 35:33
  dog
• 35:34
  in
• 35:34
  the
• 35:34
  suitcase,
• 35:35
  and
• 35:35
  then
• 35:35
  she's
• 35:36
  taking
• 35:36
  the
• 35:38
  bus
• 35:39
  and
• 35:39
  she's
• 35:40
  climbing
• 35:41
  down
• 35:42
  the
• 35:42
  steps
• 35:43
  of
• 35:43
  the
• 35:43
  bus.
• 35:44
  And
• 35:44
  as
• 35:44
  she
• 35:44
  gets
• 35:45
  down
• 35:45
  the
• 35:46
  steps,
• 35:46
  some
• 35:47
  guy
• 35:47
  runs
• 35:48
  by,
• 35:48
  grabs
• 35:49
  a
• 35:49
  suitcase
• 35:49
  out
• 35:50
  of
• 35:50
  her
• 35:50
  hands,
• 35:51
  goes
• 35:52
  down
• 35:52
  this
• 35:52
  alley.
• 35:55
  Don't
• 35:55
  you
• 35:55
  want
• 35:55
  to
• 35:55
  be
• 35:56
  there
• 35:56
  when
• 35:56
  he
• 35:56
  opened
• 35:57
  the
• 35:57
  suitcase?
• 36:01
  That
• 36:02
  is
• 36:02
  A
• 36:02
  great
• 36:03
  metaphor
• 36:06
  for
• 36:06
  how
• 36:07
  a
• 36:07
  lot
• 36:07
  of
• 36:07
  people
• 36:08
  regard
• 36:08
  the
• 36:09
  signs
• 36:09
  of
• 36:10
  Christianity.
• 36:11
  You
• 36:11
  know,
• 36:12
  if
• 36:12
  you
• 36:12
  have
• 36:12
  the
• 36:12
  sign
• 36:13
  itself,
• 36:14
  like
• 36:14
  the
• 36:14
  external
• 36:15
  suitcase,
• 36:17
  you
• 36:17
  don't
• 36:18
  realize
• 36:19
  that
• 36:19
  maybe
• 36:20
  something
• 36:21
  is
• 36:21
  dead
• 36:22
  inside
• 36:23
  from
• 36:23
  that
• 36:23
  sign.
• 36:24
  And
• 36:24
  isn't
• 36:24
  this
• 36:25
  exactly
• 36:25
  the
• 36:26
  point
• 36:26
  that
• 36:26
  Martin
• 36:27
  Luther
• 36:28
  was
• 36:28
  making
• 36:29
  when
• 36:29
  he
• 36:29
  nailed
• 36:30
  his
• 36:30
  95
• 36:31
  theses
• 36:31
  to
• 36:32
  Wittenberg
• 36:32
  church
• 36:32
  door?
• 36:34
  When
• 36:34
  I
• 36:34
  was
• 36:35
  teaching
• 36:35
  Shakespeare
• 36:36
  at
• 36:37
  ucla,
• 36:40
  I
• 36:41
  taught
• 36:41
  Hamlet.
• 36:42
  You
• 36:43
  know,
• 36:43
  gotta
• 36:44
  read
• 36:44
  Hamlet
• 36:44
  if
• 36:44
  you're
• 36:44
  in
• 36:45
  a
• 36:45
  Shakespeare
• 36:45
  course.
• 36:46
  And
• 36:46
  I
• 36:46
  pointed
• 36:47
  out
• 36:47
  to
• 36:47
  my
• 36:47
  students
• 36:48
  that
• 36:49
  in
• 36:49
  the
• 36:49
  second
• 36:49
  scene
• 36:50
  of
• 36:51
  Hamlet,
• 36:54
  Shakespeare
• 36:55
  mentions
• 36:55
  Wittenberg
• 36:56
  four
• 36:57
  times.
• 36:58
  And
• 36:59
  that
• 36:59
  is
• 37:00
  a
• 37:00
  good
• 37:00
  insight
• 37:01
  as
• 37:01
  to
• 37:01
  how
• 37:02
  to
• 37:02
  interpret
• 37:02
  Hamlet.
• 37:04
  It's
• 37:04
  not
• 37:04
  like
• 37:04
  the
• 37:04
  1948
• 37:06
  film
• 37:06
  that
• 37:06
  starts
• 37:07
  with
• 37:08
  this
• 37:08
  title
• 37:09
  saying,
• 37:09
  hamlet,
• 37:10
  the
• 37:10
  story
• 37:10
  of
• 37:11
  a
• 37:11
  man
• 37:11
  who
• 37:11
  couldn't
• 37:11
  make
• 37:11
  up
• 37:12
  his
• 37:12
  mind.
• 37:13
  No,
• 37:14
  it
• 37:14
  is
• 37:14
  about
• 37:15
  a
• 37:16
  man
• 37:16
  who
• 37:17
  is
• 37:17
  told
• 37:17
  by
• 37:18
  his
• 37:18
  father,
• 37:18
  his
• 37:19
  papa,
• 37:19
  his
• 37:19
  pope,
• 37:20
  to
• 37:20
  revenge
• 37:21
  my
• 37:21
  most
• 37:22
  foul
• 37:23
  and
• 37:23
  bloody
• 37:24
  murder.
• 37:25
  Do
• 37:25
  you
• 37:26
  keep
• 37:26
  following
• 37:28
  the
• 37:28
  word
• 37:28
  of
• 37:29
  the
• 37:29
  father,
• 37:30
  or
• 37:30
  is
• 37:31
  there
• 37:31
  another
• 37:32
  way
• 37:32
  to
• 37:32
  interpret?
• 37:36
  So
• 37:36
  I
• 37:36
  explained
• 37:37
  to
• 37:37
  my
• 37:37
  students,
• 37:38
  and
• 37:40
  a
• 37:40
  lot
• 37:41
  of
• 37:41
  them
• 37:41
  hadn't
• 37:41
  heard
• 37:42
  of
• 37:42
  Martin
• 37:42
  Luther
• 37:43
  before.
• 37:43
  And
• 37:44
  when
• 37:44
  they
• 37:44
  were
• 37:44
  taking
• 37:44
  their
• 37:45
  Blue
• 37:45
  Book
• 37:45
  exams,
• 37:47
  I
• 37:47
  gave
• 37:48
  them
• 37:48
  a
• 37:48
  choice
• 37:48
  of
• 37:49
  what
• 37:49
  they
• 37:49
  could
• 37:49
  write
• 37:49
  about.
• 37:49
  And
• 37:50
  one
• 37:50
  of
• 37:50
  the
• 37:50
  options
• 37:51
  was
• 37:53
  explain
• 37:53
  the
• 37:53
  significance
• 37:54
  of
• 37:54
  Wittenberg
• 37:56
  in
• 37:56
  Hamlet.
• 37:56
  And
• 37:57
  I
• 37:57
  showed
• 37:57
  my
• 37:58
  students
• 37:58
  how
• 37:58
  it's
• 37:58
  really
• 37:59
  the
• 37:59
  most
• 38:01
  spiritually
• 38:01
  sensitive
• 38:02
  of
• 38:02
  Shakespeare's
• 38:03
  plays.
• 38:05
  And
• 38:05
  in
• 38:06
  one
• 38:06
  of
• 38:06
  the
• 38:06
  answers
• 38:07
  from
• 38:08
  my
• 38:08
  UCLA
• 38:09
  students,
• 38:09
  he
• 38:09
  said,
• 38:10
  well,
• 38:10
  there
• 38:11
  was
• 38:11
  this
• 38:11
  guy
• 38:11
  named
• 38:12
  Martin
• 38:12
  Luther,
• 38:13
  and
• 38:13
  he
• 38:13
  was
• 38:13
  really
• 38:13
  angry,
• 38:14
  angry
• 38:15
  at
• 38:15
  the
• 38:15
  Roman
• 38:16
  Catholic
• 38:16
  Church,
• 38:17
  and
• 38:17
  he
• 38:17
  nailed
• 38:18
  his
• 38:19
  feces
• 38:20
  to
• 38:21
  the
• 38:22
  door
• 38:22
  of
• 38:22
  the
• 38:22
  church.
• 38:23
  And
• 38:24
  at
• 38:24
  the
• 38:24
  time
• 38:25
  I
• 38:25
  go,
• 38:26
  I'm
• 38:26
  a
• 38:26
  horrible
• 38:27
  teacher.
• 38:29
  It
• 38:29
  never
• 38:30
  occurred
• 38:30
  to
• 38:30
  me
• 38:30
  to
• 38:31
  try
• 38:31
  to
• 38:31
  explain
• 38:32
  that.
• 38:32
  But
• 38:33
  luckily,
• 38:33
  you
• 38:34
  know
• 38:34
  about
• 38:35
  this
• 38:35
  incident.
• 38:36
  This
• 38:36
  is
• 38:37
  the
• 38:37
  day
• 38:37
  we
• 38:38
  celebrate
• 38:38
  it.
• 38:39
  And
• 38:39
  of
• 38:39
  course,
• 38:39
  the
• 38:39
  reference
• 38:41
  he
• 38:41
  makes
• 38:41
  reference
• 38:42
  to
• 38:42
  the
• 38:42
  famous
• 38:43
  Tetzel
• 38:44
  who
• 38:44
  was
• 38:44
  selling
• 38:45
  indulgences.
• 38:46
  And
• 38:46
  Luther
• 38:47
  makes
• 38:47
  up
• 38:48
  this
• 38:48
  jingle,
• 38:49
  attributing
• 38:49
  it
• 38:49
  to
• 38:50
  Tetzel.
• 38:51
  As
• 38:51
  soon
• 38:51
  as
• 38:51
  the
• 38:52
  gold
• 38:52
  in
• 38:52
  the
• 38:52
  casket
• 38:53
  rings,
• 38:54
  the
• 38:54
  rescued
• 38:55
  soul
• 38:55
  to
• 38:55
  heaven
• 38:56
  springs.
• 38:57
  You
• 38:57
  know,
• 38:57
  it's
• 38:59
  similar.
• 38:59
  You
• 39:00
  could
• 39:00
  say,
• 39:00
  as
• 39:00
  soon
• 39:01
  as
• 39:01
  you
• 39:01
  buy
• 39:01
  our
• 39:02
  cross,
• 39:02
  Satan
• 39:03
  will
• 39:03
  be
• 39:03
  at
• 39:03
  a
• 39:04
  loss.
• 39:04
  You
• 39:05
  know,
• 39:05
  you
• 39:05
  just
• 39:05
  buy
• 39:06
  this
• 39:06
  certificate,
• 39:07
  you
• 39:07
  buy
• 39:08
  this
• 39:09
  sign
• 39:10
  itself,
• 39:11
  and
• 39:12
  you
• 39:13
  don't
• 39:13
  care
• 39:13
  that
• 39:14
  there's
• 39:14
  a
• 39:14
  dead
• 39:14
  dog
• 39:15
  inside.
• 39:17
  What
• 39:17
  contributed,
• 39:18
  as
• 39:19
  I'm
• 39:19
  sure
• 39:19
  you're
• 39:19
  all
• 39:20
  aware
• 39:20
  of,
• 39:21
  is
• 39:23
  the
• 39:23
  technology
• 39:24
  of
• 39:24
  the
• 39:25
  era.
• 39:28
  Part
• 39:28
  of
• 39:29
  the
• 39:29
  reason
• 39:30
  Tetzel
• 39:31
  and
• 39:31
  others
• 39:31
  were
• 39:32
  able
• 39:32
  to
• 39:33
  sell
• 39:33
  so
• 39:33
  many
• 39:33
  indulgent
• 39:34
  certificates
• 39:35
  is
• 39:35
  because
• 39:35
  of
• 39:36
  the
• 39:36
  printing
• 39:36
  press.
• 39:38
  And
• 39:39
  at
• 39:39
  the
• 39:39
  time,
• 39:40
  Rome
• 39:41
  was
• 39:41
  trying
• 39:41
  to
• 39:41
  build
• 39:41
  St.
• 39:42
  Peter's
• 39:43
  Cathedral,
• 39:44
  and
• 39:44
  they
• 39:44
  just
• 39:45
  wanted
• 39:45
  more
• 39:45
  and
• 39:46
  more
• 39:46
  money.
• 39:48
  So
• 39:50
  once
• 39:50
  Again,
• 39:50
  you
• 39:51
  just
• 39:51
  buy
• 39:51
  the
• 39:52
  sign
• 39:52
  of
• 39:53
  salvation.
• 39:53
  Tetzel
• 39:54
  actually
• 39:55
  proclaimed
• 39:56
  that
• 39:56
  his
• 39:57
  indulgence
• 39:59
  papers
• 40:00
  were
• 40:00
  so
• 40:01
  strong
• 40:02
  that
• 40:05
  even
• 40:06
  someone
• 40:07
  who
• 40:07
  had
• 40:08
  raped
• 40:08
  the
• 40:08
  Virgin
• 40:09
  Mary
• 40:10
  could
• 40:10
  get
• 40:11
  out
• 40:11
  of
• 40:11
  hell
• 40:12
  if
• 40:12
  they
• 40:12
  bought
• 40:13
  his
• 40:13
  papers.
• 40:15
  Yeah,
• 40:16
  ought
• 40:16
  to
• 40:16
  just
• 40:16
  have
• 40:17
  the
• 40:17
  sign
• 40:17
  itself.
• 40:19
  Well,
• 40:22
  Martin
• 40:22
  Luther
• 40:24
  used
• 40:24
  that
• 40:25
  technology,
• 40:26
  that
• 40:26
  technology
• 40:27
  that
• 40:27
  was
• 40:27
  perpetuating
• 40:28
  this
• 40:28
  problem
• 40:30
  for
• 40:30
  the
• 40:30
  good.
• 40:31
  And
• 40:32
  we
• 40:32
  all
• 40:32
  know
• 40:33
  this,
• 40:33
  translating
• 40:34
  the
• 40:34
  Bible
• 40:35
  into
• 40:35
  the
• 40:35
  vernacular
• 40:36
  and
• 40:37
  the
• 40:37
  printing
• 40:37
  press
• 40:38
  made
• 40:38
  it
• 40:38
  available.
• 40:39
  His
• 40:40
  sermons
• 40:40
  were
• 40:41
  printed
• 40:41
  up,
• 40:42
  he
• 40:42
  produced
• 40:43
  many
• 40:43
  pamphlets
• 40:45
  so
• 40:45
  that
• 40:46
  people
• 40:47
  theology
• 40:48
  was
• 40:48
  no
• 40:49
  longer
• 40:49
  just
• 40:49
  in
• 40:50
  Latin.
• 40:52
  Well,
• 40:52
  this
• 40:52
  is
• 40:52
  very
• 40:53
  similar
• 40:53
  to
• 40:54
  this
• 40:54
  woman
• 40:54
  who
• 40:54
  influenced
• 40:56
  C.S.
• 40:56
  lewis,
• 40:57
  Dorothy
• 40:57
  Sayers.
• 40:59
  She
• 41:00
  was
• 41:01
  invited
• 41:02
  to
• 41:03
  write
• 41:04
  a
• 41:04
  series
• 41:04
  of
• 41:05
  radio
• 41:06
  plays
• 41:06
  about
• 41:06
  the
• 41:07
  life
• 41:07
  of,
• 41:07
  of
• 41:08
  Jesus.
• 41:09
  And
• 41:10
  radio
• 41:11
  was
• 41:12
  a
• 41:12
  new
• 41:12
  technology
• 41:14
  of
• 41:14
  her
• 41:15
  day.
• 41:15
  The
• 41:16
  1930s
• 41:17
  is
• 41:17
  really
• 41:17
  when
• 41:17
  it
• 41:18
  spread
• 41:18
  into
• 41:20
  households.
• 41:22
  She
• 41:22
  had
• 41:22
  been,
• 41:23
  she
• 41:24
  had
• 41:24
  made
• 41:24
  her
• 41:24
  fame
• 41:25
  as
• 41:26
  a
• 41:26
  writer
• 41:26
  of
• 41:27
  detective
• 41:28
  fiction.
• 41:28
  She
• 41:28
  was
• 41:29
  much
• 41:29
  more
• 41:29
  famous
• 41:30
  than
• 41:30
  Agatha
• 41:30
  Christie
• 41:31
  in
• 41:31
  the
• 41:32
  golden
• 41:32
  age
• 41:32
  of
• 41:33
  detective
• 41:34
  fiction.
• 41:35
  And
• 41:36
  so
• 41:37
  here
• 41:37
  they
• 41:37
  just
• 41:38
  wanted
• 41:38
  this
• 41:38
  famous
• 41:39
  writer
• 41:40
  to
• 41:42
  write
• 41:43
  plays
• 41:44
  that
• 41:44
  people
• 41:44
  would
• 41:45
  listen
• 41:45
  to
• 41:46
  on
• 41:46
  the
• 41:46
  radio.
• 41:47
  New
• 41:48
  technology.
• 41:51
  The
• 41:51
  name
• 41:51
  of
• 41:52
  her
• 41:52
  plays
• 41:53
  are
• 41:55
  the
• 41:55
  Man
• 41:55
  Born
• 41:56
  to
• 41:56
  Be
• 41:56
  King.
• 41:57
  Sayers
• 41:58
  spent
• 41:58
  a
• 41:59
  whole
• 41:59
  year
• 42:01
  reading
• 42:01
  the
• 42:02
  gospels
• 42:02
  in
• 42:02
  the
• 42:03
  original
• 42:03
  Greek
• 42:04
  so
• 42:05
  that
• 42:05
  she
• 42:05
  could
• 42:05
  have
• 42:06
  a
• 42:06
  real
• 42:06
  sense
• 42:07
  of
• 42:07
  what's
• 42:07
  going
• 42:07
  on.
• 42:09
  But
• 42:09
  she
• 42:10
  wanted
• 42:11
  to
• 42:11
  be
• 42:12
  a
• 42:12
  reformer
• 42:14
  like
• 42:15
  Luther
• 42:16
  who
• 42:16
  could
• 42:17
  get
• 42:18
  people
• 42:18
  to
• 42:18
  understand
• 42:19
  in
• 42:19
  the
• 42:20
  common
• 42:21
  language.
• 42:23
  And
• 42:24
  so
• 42:26
  there
• 42:26
  was
• 42:26
  a
• 42:26
  press
• 42:27
  conference
• 42:28
  for
• 42:28
  these
• 42:29
  radio
• 42:29
  plays
• 42:31
  in
• 42:31
  December,
• 42:32
  early
• 42:32
  December
• 42:33
  1941.
• 42:35
  And
• 42:36
  she
• 42:36
  read
• 42:36
  a
• 42:37
  bit
• 42:37
  from
• 42:37
  one
• 42:37
  of
• 42:37
  her
• 42:38
  plays
• 42:40
  and
• 42:41
  people
• 42:41
  were
• 42:42
  appalled
• 42:44
  because
• 42:46
  she
• 42:47
  did
• 42:47
  not
• 42:47
  use
• 42:48
  King
• 42:49
  James
• 42:49
  English.
• 42:51
  Now
• 42:51
  I
• 42:51
  assume
• 42:52
  you
• 42:52
  know
• 42:52
  what
• 42:52
  the
• 42:52
  King
• 42:53
  James.
• 42:53
  I've
• 42:53
  spoken
• 42:54
  to
• 42:54
  some
• 42:54
  like
• 42:54
  high
• 42:55
  school
• 42:55
  groups
• 42:55
  and
• 42:55
  they
• 42:56
  haven't
• 42:56
  heard
• 42:56
  of
• 42:56
  King
• 42:56
  James
• 42:56
  English.
• 42:57
  But
• 42:57
  that's
• 42:57
  the
• 42:58
  authorized
• 42:58
  version
• 43:00
  written
• 43:00
  when
• 43:02
  commissioned,
• 43:03
  when
• 43:03
  Shakespeare
• 43:03
  was
• 43:04
  still
• 43:04
  alive.
• 43:05
  Some
• 43:05
  people
• 43:06
  have
• 43:06
  been
• 43:06
  speculate,
• 43:06
  oh,
• 43:07
  maybe
• 43:07
  Shakespeare
• 43:08
  had
• 43:08
  a
• 43:08
  part
• 43:08
  in
• 43:08
  it
• 43:08
  just
• 43:08
  because
• 43:09
  it
• 43:09
  sounds
• 43:10
  like
• 43:10
  Shakespeare.
• 43:10
  But
• 43:11
  that's
• 43:11
  the
• 43:11
  way
• 43:11
  people
• 43:11
  talked
• 43:12
  back
• 43:12
  then.
• 43:14
  Sayers
• 43:15
  got
• 43:16
  hate
• 43:16
  mail
• 43:18
  from
• 43:18
  Christians.
• 43:19
  Christians
• 43:20
  tried
• 43:20
  to
• 43:21
  censor
• 43:22
  these
• 43:23
  plays.
• 43:24
  It
• 43:24
  was
• 43:25
  discussed
• 43:26
  in
• 43:26
  the
• 43:27
  House
• 43:27
  of
• 43:28
  Lords
• 43:29
  as
• 43:29
  to
• 43:29
  what
• 43:30
  they
• 43:30
  should
• 43:30
  do
• 43:30
  about
• 43:32
  this,
• 43:32
  this
• 43:33
  horrible
• 43:36
  defiance
• 43:37
  of
• 43:37
  tradition.
• 43:39
  Tradition,
• 43:42
  okay.
• 43:43
  But
• 43:43
  it
• 43:43
  gets
• 43:43
  even
• 43:43
  worse.
• 43:47
  Not
• 43:47
  only
• 43:48
  did
• 43:49
  Sayers
• 43:50
  not
• 43:50
  use
• 43:51
  King
• 43:51
  James
• 43:51
  English
• 43:53
  for
• 43:53
  Christ
• 43:53
  and
• 43:54
  the
• 43:54
  disciples,
• 43:56
  he.
• 43:57
  She
• 43:57
  actually
• 43:58
  had
• 43:58
  some
• 43:59
  of
• 43:59
  them
• 43:59
  speaking
• 44:00
  slang.
• 44:03
  Okay,
• 44:04
  gets
• 44:04
  even
• 44:04
  worse.
• 44:07
  Some
• 44:07
  of
• 44:08
  it
• 44:09
  was
• 44:09
  American
• 44:10
  slang.
• 44:14
  This
• 44:15
  was
• 44:15
  actually
• 44:16
  headlined
• 44:17
  papers
• 44:17
  in
• 44:18
  London
• 44:18
  plays
• 44:19
  about
• 44:19
  Jesus
• 44:20
  and
• 44:20
  American
• 44:21
  slang.
• 44:23
  And
• 44:24
  you
• 44:24
  know,
• 44:25
  a
• 44:25
  lot
• 44:26
  of
• 44:26
  the
• 44:26
  disciples
• 44:26
  were
• 44:27
  working
• 44:27
  class.
• 44:27
  Of
• 44:27
  course
• 44:28
  they
• 44:28
  spoke
• 44:28
  slang.
• 44:29
  They
• 44:29
  definitely
• 44:30
  didn't
• 44:30
  speak
• 44:31
  King
• 44:31
  James
• 44:31
  English.
• 44:32
  But
• 44:33
  there's
• 44:33
  something
• 44:34
  about,
• 44:35
  you
• 44:35
  know,
• 44:35
  just
• 44:35
  like
• 44:35
  the
• 44:35
  indulgence
• 44:36
  paper
• 44:37
  people
• 44:37
  want
• 44:38
  the
• 44:38
  sign
• 44:39
  of
• 44:39
  Christianity.
• 44:41
  King
• 44:41
  James
• 44:42
  English
• 44:42
  was
• 44:42
  the
• 44:43
  sign
• 44:44
  of
• 44:45
  traditional
• 44:46
  faith.
• 44:47
  You've
• 44:47
  got
• 44:47
  to
• 44:48
  hold
• 44:48
  on
• 44:48
  to
• 44:48
  that
• 44:49
  sign.
• 44:50
  And
• 44:50
  Sayers
• 44:52
  didn't.
• 44:55
  The
• 44:55
  third
• 44:56
  play
• 44:57
  came
• 44:57
  out,
• 44:57
  it
• 44:57
  was
• 44:58
  about
• 44:58
  the
• 44:58
  wedding
• 44:59
  at
• 44:59
  Cana,
• 45:01
  the
• 45:01
  day
• 45:01
  that
• 45:02
  the
• 45:02
  Japanese
• 45:03
  attacked
• 45:04
  Singapore.
• 45:06
  And
• 45:06
  then
• 45:07
  Singapore
• 45:09
  proceeded
• 45:10
  to
• 45:10
  be
• 45:10
  lost
• 45:10
  to
• 45:11
  the
• 45:11
  Japanese.
• 45:12
  So
• 45:13
  newspapers
• 45:14
  actually
• 45:15
  announced,
• 45:17
  proclaimed
• 45:18
  that
• 45:18
  Singapore
• 45:19
  was
• 45:19
  lost
• 45:20
  due
• 45:20
  to
• 45:21
  Dorothy
• 45:21
  Sayers
• 45:22
  plays
• 45:22
  about
• 45:23
  Jesus.
• 45:28
  She
• 45:28
  is
• 45:29
  quite
• 45:29
  an
• 45:30
  amazing
• 45:30
  woman.
• 45:32
  The
• 45:32
  irony,
• 45:33
  as
• 45:33
  many
• 45:33
  of
• 45:33
  you
• 45:34
  already
• 45:34
  know,
• 45:35
  is
• 45:35
  about
• 45:36
  90%
• 45:37
  of
• 45:38
  the
• 45:38
  king
• 45:38
  James
• 45:39
  Bible
• 45:40
  is
• 45:41
  based
• 45:41
  on
• 45:42
  William
• 45:42
  Tyndale's
• 45:43
  translation
• 45:44
  a
• 45:45
  little
• 45:45
  less
• 45:45
  than
• 45:46
  a
• 45:47
  century
• 45:48
  earlier.
• 45:50
  And
• 45:51
  he
• 45:51
  was
• 45:51
  doing
• 45:52
  things
• 45:52
  that
• 45:52
  got
• 45:53
  the
• 45:53
  church
• 45:53
  really
• 45:54
  mad,
• 45:55
  you
• 45:55
  know,
• 45:55
  so
• 45:55
  he
• 45:56
  would
• 45:56
  take
• 45:56
  the
• 45:56
  Greek,
• 45:57
  a
• 45:57
  Greek
• 45:57
  word
• 45:58
  that
• 45:58
  formerly
• 45:58
  meant
• 45:59
  to
• 45:59
  do
• 46:00
  penance.
• 46:01
  And
• 46:01
  once
• 46:01
  again,
• 46:01
  part
• 46:02
  of
• 46:02
  your
• 46:02
  penance
• 46:03
  might
• 46:03
  be
• 46:03
  going
• 46:03
  and
• 46:04
  saying
• 46:04
  a
• 46:04
  certain
• 46:04
  number
• 46:04
  of
• 46:05
  prayers,
• 46:06
  buying
• 46:06
  indulgent
• 46:07
  papers.
• 46:08
  Even
• 46:08
  in
• 46:09
  Martin
• 46:10
  Luther's
• 46:10
  own
• 46:11
  church,
• 46:11
  as
• 46:12
  you
• 46:12
  probably
• 46:12
  know,
• 46:13
  there
• 46:13
  were
• 46:13
  15,000
• 46:15
  relics
• 46:17
  that
• 46:17
  the
• 46:17
  Elector
• 46:18
  of
• 46:19
  Saxony
• 46:20
  had
• 46:21
  so
• 46:21
  that
• 46:21
  you
• 46:21
  could
• 46:22
  go.
• 46:22
  And
• 46:22
  for
• 46:23
  every
• 46:23
  relic
• 46:24
  that
• 46:24
  you
• 46:24
  reverence
• 46:25
  would
• 46:26
  get
• 46:26
  a
• 46:26
  certain
• 46:27
  number
• 46:27
  of
• 46:27
  100
• 46:28
  days
• 46:28
  off
• 46:29
  of
• 46:29
  purgatory.
• 46:31
  And
• 46:31
  one
• 46:31
  of
• 46:31
  the
• 46:32
  relics
• 46:32
  was
• 46:33
  four
• 46:33
  drops
• 46:34
  of
• 46:34
  breast
• 46:35
  milk
• 46:35
  from
• 46:36
  the
• 46:36
  Virgin
• 46:36
  Mary.
• 46:37
  I
• 46:37
  mean.
• 46:40
  Yeah,
• 46:41
  well,
• 46:43
  so
• 46:43
  Luther
• 46:44
  had
• 46:44
  problems
• 46:44
  with
• 46:44
  that
• 46:45
  too.
• 46:46
  Okay,
• 46:49
  I
• 46:49
  don't
• 46:49
  know.
• 46:50
  Well,
• 46:51
  what
• 46:51
  Tyndale
• 46:52
  did
• 46:52
  then
• 46:52
  is
• 46:53
  translate
• 46:53
  this
• 46:54
  word,
• 46:54
  do
• 46:54
  penance,
• 46:56
  where
• 46:56
  it
• 46:56
  makes
• 46:56
  it
• 46:57
  very
• 46:57
  clear
• 46:57
  cut.
• 46:57
  You
• 46:57
  just
• 46:58
  go
• 46:58
  through
• 46:58
  these
• 46:58
  steps
• 46:59
  and
• 46:59
  you
• 46:59
  get
• 46:59
  salvation
• 47:00
  by
• 47:00
  this
• 47:01
  cross.
• 47:01
  You
• 47:01
  get
• 47:02
  salvation
• 47:06
  again.
• 47:07
  Tyndale
• 47:09
  reformed.
• 47:10
  The
• 47:10
  sign
• 47:11
  changed,
• 47:12
  the
• 47:12
  sign
• 47:13
  of
• 47:13
  redemption.
• 47:15
  And
• 47:15
  of
• 47:15
  course
• 47:17
  he
• 47:18
  was
• 47:18
  killed
• 47:19
  first
• 47:20
  strangled
• 47:20
  and
• 47:21
  then
• 47:21
  burned
• 47:21
  at
• 47:21
  the
• 47:22
  stake.
• 47:23
  So
• 47:23
  the
• 47:24
  King
• 47:24
  James
• 47:25
  Bible
• 47:26
  that
• 47:26
  in
• 47:26
  Sarah's
• 47:27
  day
• 47:27
  everybody
• 47:28
  is
• 47:28
  trying
• 47:28
  to
• 47:28
  protect
• 47:29
  is
• 47:29
  based
• 47:30
  on
• 47:30
  a
• 47:31
  translation
• 47:32
  centuries
• 47:33
  earlier
• 47:34
  that
• 47:34
  Tyndale
• 47:35
  was
• 47:35
  burned
• 47:36
  at
• 47:36
  the
• 47:36
  stake
• 47:36
  for.
• 47:38
  And
• 47:38
  this,
• 47:39
  this
• 47:39
  obsession
• 47:41
  with,
• 47:41
  with
• 47:41
  traditional
• 47:42
  signs.
• 47:44
  Well,
• 47:45
  despite
• 47:46
  all
• 47:46
  this
• 47:47
  hate
• 47:47
  material
• 47:48
  she
• 47:48
  got,
• 47:48
  Sayers
• 47:49
  actually
• 47:49
  got
• 47:49
  threatening
• 47:50
  phone
• 47:50
  calls
• 47:51
  from
• 47:51
  Christians.
• 47:52
  I
• 47:52
  mean,
• 47:52
  Christians
• 47:53
  were
• 47:53
  just
• 47:54
  brutal
• 47:54
  towards
• 47:55
  her.
• 47:56
  But
• 47:56
  she
• 47:57
  kept
• 47:58
  discussing
• 47:59
  she
• 47:59
  was
• 47:59
  not
• 48:00
  going
• 48:00
  to
• 48:00
  back
• 48:00
  down.
• 48:02
  The
• 48:02
  guy
• 48:03
  in
• 48:03
  the
• 48:03
  center
• 48:03
  in
• 48:04
  this
• 48:04
  picture
• 48:04
  voiced
• 48:05
  Jesus.
• 48:06
  And
• 48:09
  so
• 48:10
  he.
• 48:10
  And
• 48:11
  then
• 48:11
  the
• 48:12
  producer
• 48:12
  is
• 48:13
  on
• 48:13
  the
• 48:13
  right.
• 48:15
  And
• 48:15
  they
• 48:16
  just
• 48:16
  kept
• 48:17
  going
• 48:18
  despite
• 48:18
  the
• 48:19
  controversy.
• 48:22
  One
• 48:22
  of
• 48:23
  the.
• 48:23
  Another
• 48:23
  example,
• 48:24
  it
• 48:24
  wasn't
• 48:24
  just
• 48:25
  language.
• 48:26
  She
• 48:26
  was
• 48:26
  also
• 48:26
  changing
• 48:27
  the
• 48:27
  way
• 48:28
  she
• 48:28
  was
• 48:28
  reforming
• 48:29
  the
• 48:29
  way
• 48:30
  we
• 48:30
  think
• 48:32
  about
• 48:35
  the
• 48:35
  Bible,
• 48:36
  as
• 48:36
  did
• 48:37
  Luther.
• 48:39
  And
• 48:39
  I
• 48:39
  bet
• 48:40
  you
• 48:40
  can
• 48:40
  guess
• 48:41
  just
• 48:41
  from
• 48:42
  the
• 48:42
  look
• 48:42
  of
• 48:42
  this,
• 48:42
  which
• 48:43
  disciple
• 48:43
  this
• 48:44
  is.
• 48:46
  Yeah,
• 48:46
  Judas.
• 48:47
  You
• 48:47
  go
• 48:47
  online,
• 48:48
  say,
• 48:48
  okay,
• 48:48
  I
• 48:49
  want
• 48:49
  an
• 48:49
  image
• 48:49
  of
• 48:49
  Judas.
• 48:50
  You
• 48:50
  cannot
• 48:50
  find
• 48:51
  a
• 48:51
  neutral
• 48:52
  image
• 48:53
  of
• 48:53
  Jesus
• 48:53
  of
• 48:54
  Judas.
• 48:56
  Sayers
• 48:57
  did
• 48:57
  something
• 48:57
  really
• 48:58
  fascinating.
• 48:59
  She
• 49:00
  turned
• 49:01
  Judas
• 49:01
  into
• 49:02
  the
• 49:02
  most
• 49:02
  intelligent
• 49:03
  disciple,
• 49:06
  the
• 49:06
  disciple
• 49:07
  who
• 49:07
  recognized
• 49:09
  that
• 49:09
  the
• 49:10
  Messiah
• 49:10
  wasn't
• 49:11
  going
• 49:12
  to
• 49:12
  be
• 49:12
  this
• 49:12
  political
• 49:13
  leader
• 49:13
  who
• 49:13
  comes
• 49:14
  in
• 49:15
  and
• 49:17
  overthrows
• 49:18
  the
• 49:18
  Romans,
• 49:19
  that
• 49:19
  the
• 49:20
  Messiah
• 49:21
  had
• 49:21
  to
• 49:21
  sacrifice
• 49:22
  his
• 49:23
  life
• 49:25
  to
• 49:25
  save
• 49:26
  others.
• 49:27
  I
• 49:27
  mean,
• 49:27
  he
• 49:27
  was
• 49:28
  brilliant.
• 49:29
  And
• 49:30
  you
• 49:30
  go,
• 49:30
  well,
• 49:30
  how
• 49:30
  can
• 49:30
  she
• 49:30
  get
• 49:31
  away
• 49:31
  with
• 49:31
  that?
• 49:31
  Well,
• 49:32
  how
• 49:32
  she
• 49:32
  got
• 49:32
  away
• 49:32
  with
• 49:33
  it
• 49:33
  is
• 49:34
  then,
• 49:43
  Yeah,
• 49:45
  so
• 49:45
  then
• 49:46
  Sayers
• 49:47
  has
• 49:48
  the
• 49:48
  incident
• 49:48
  of
• 49:49
  the
• 49:49
  triumphal
• 49:50
  entry.
• 49:51
  And
• 49:51
  Judas
• 49:52
  didn't
• 49:53
  realize
• 49:54
  that
• 49:55
  in
• 49:55
  her
• 49:56
  plays
• 49:56
  that
• 49:57
  she
• 49:57
  had
• 49:58
  arranged
• 49:59
  to
• 49:59
  come
• 50:00
  in
• 50:00
  on
• 50:00
  this
• 50:00
  donkey.
• 50:02
  And
• 50:04
  Judas
• 50:05
  thought
• 50:06
  that
• 50:07
  Jesus
• 50:07
  had
• 50:08
  sold
• 50:08
  out
• 50:09
  to
• 50:09
  the
• 50:09
  political
• 50:09
  cause
• 50:10
  because,
• 50:10
  you
• 50:10
  know,
• 50:10
  people
• 50:11
  are
• 50:11
  waving
• 50:12
  palm
• 50:12
  branches,
• 50:13
  they're
• 50:13
  putting
• 50:14
  their
• 50:14
  cloaks
• 50:15
  and
• 50:15
  they,
• 50:15
  they
• 50:17
  are.
• 50:19
  This
• 50:19
  isn't
• 50:20
  what
• 50:20
  a
• 50:20
  suffering
• 50:21
  servant
• 50:21
  does.
• 50:23
  So
• 50:24
  what
• 50:24
  she
• 50:24
  shows
• 50:25
  is
• 50:25
  that
• 50:27
  Judas
• 50:28
  trusted
• 50:29
  his
• 50:29
  own
• 50:30
  certitude
• 50:32
  about
• 50:32
  what
• 50:33
  Jesus
• 50:34
  should
• 50:34
  be
• 50:35
  doing
• 50:36
  more
• 50:36
  than
• 50:36
  he
• 50:37
  trusted
• 50:37
  Jesus.
• 50:42
  And
• 50:42
  so
• 50:42
  she's
• 50:42
  making
• 50:43
  this
• 50:43
  point
• 50:44
  how
• 50:46
  people
• 50:47
  have
• 50:47
  an
• 50:47
  idea
• 50:47
  this
• 50:48
  is
• 50:48
  authentic
• 50:49
  Christianity.
• 50:51
  And
• 50:52
  as
• 50:52
  some
• 50:53
  of
• 50:53
  you
• 50:53
  know,
• 50:54
  one
• 50:54
  of
• 50:54
  the
• 50:54
  Crusades,
• 50:57
  the
• 50:58
  Western
• 50:58
  church
• 50:59
  went
• 50:59
  and
• 50:59
  was
• 51:00
  killing
• 51:00
  people
• 51:01
  in
• 51:01
  the
• 51:01
  Eastern
• 51:02
  Church
• 51:02
  because
• 51:03
  they
• 51:03
  didn't
• 51:04
  use
• 51:04
  unleavened
• 51:06
  bread.
• 51:07
  You
• 51:07
  know,
• 51:08
  there's
• 51:08
  certitude
• 51:09
  that
• 51:09
  you
• 51:10
  have
• 51:10
  to
• 51:10
  use
• 51:10
  the
• 51:11
  unleavened
• 51:12
  bread
• 51:13
  that
• 51:14
  is
• 51:14
  the
• 51:14
  sign
• 51:16
  of
• 51:19
  Christ's
• 51:19
  body.
• 51:22
  This
• 51:22
  is
• 51:22
  nothing
• 51:23
  new.
• 51:23
  There's
• 51:24
  this
• 51:24
  famous
• 51:25
  incident,
• 51:26
  pre
• 51:27
  Raphaelite
• 51:28
  painting
• 51:30
  Christ
• 51:30
  in
• 51:30
  the
• 51:31
  house
• 51:31
  of
• 51:31
  his
• 51:31
  parents.
• 51:32
  This
• 51:33
  caused.
• 51:34
  This
• 51:34
  was
• 51:34
  way
• 51:35
  before
• 51:35
  Sayers,
• 51:35
  but
• 51:36
  it
• 51:36
  caused
• 51:37
  an
• 51:37
  incredible
• 51:38
  controversy.
• 51:40
  One
• 51:40
  of
• 51:41
  the
• 51:41
  people
• 51:41
  who
• 51:41
  denounced
• 51:42
  it
• 51:42
  was
• 51:43
  Charles
• 51:43
  Dickens.
• 51:44
  He
• 51:45
  said,
• 51:45
  you
• 51:45
  know,
• 51:46
  this
• 51:46
  the
• 51:46
  mother
• 51:47
  of
• 51:47
  Jesus,
• 51:48
  she
• 51:48
  looks
• 51:49
  like
• 51:49
  a
• 51:50
  whore
• 51:50
  for
• 51:50
  a
• 51:51
  jail
• 51:51
  shop.
• 51:52
  And
• 51:52
  people
• 51:53
  just
• 51:53
  weren't
• 51:54
  used
• 51:54
  to.
• 51:54
  And
• 51:55
  look
• 51:55
  how
• 51:56
  the
• 51:56
  boy
• 51:57
  Jesus,
• 51:57
  there's
• 51:58
  all
• 51:58
  this
• 51:58
  sawdust
• 51:59
  on
• 51:59
  the
• 51:59
  floor
• 52:00
  and
• 52:00
  he's
• 52:01
  holding
• 52:01
  up
• 52:01
  his
• 52:01
  hand.
• 52:02
  Obviously
• 52:03
  a
• 52:03
  nail
• 52:04
  has
• 52:04
  already
• 52:05
  pierced
• 52:06
  his.
• 52:07
  His
• 52:07
  palm.
• 52:08
  I
• 52:08
  mean,
• 52:08
  it's
• 52:09
  quite
• 52:09
  profound.
• 52:10
  And
• 52:10
  this
• 52:11
  is
• 52:11
  probably
• 52:12
  more
• 52:14
  like
• 52:14
  the
• 52:14
  way
• 52:14
  it
• 52:14
  was
• 52:15
  in
• 52:16
  Jesus's
• 52:16
  time
• 52:17
  than
• 52:17
  what
• 52:17
  we're
• 52:17
  used,
• 52:18
  what
• 52:18
  the
• 52:18
  people
• 52:18
  back
• 52:19
  in
• 52:19
  the
• 52:20
  Victorian
• 52:20
  era
• 52:21
  were
• 52:21
  used
• 52:21
  to.
• 52:22
  Like
• 52:22
  this
• 52:23
  where
• 52:23
  this
• 52:24
  is
• 52:24
  the
• 52:24
  boy
• 52:24
  Jesus
• 52:26
  teaching
• 52:27
  in
• 52:27
  the
• 52:28
  temple
• 52:28
  when
• 52:28
  he's
• 52:29
  12
• 52:29
  years
• 52:29
  old
• 52:29
  and
• 52:30
  he's
• 52:30
  all
• 52:30
  in
• 52:30
  silk
• 52:31
  close
• 52:32
  and
• 52:32
  surrounded
• 52:32
  by
• 52:33
  Corinthian
• 52:33
  columns.
• 52:34
  I
• 52:35
  mean,
• 52:35
  people
• 52:35
  want
• 52:36
  to
• 52:36
  hold
• 52:36
  on
• 52:37
  to
• 52:37
  these
• 52:38
  traditional
• 52:39
  signs,
• 52:40
  whether
• 52:40
  they
• 52:41
  are
• 52:41
  indulgences
• 52:43
  or
• 52:44
  King
• 52:44
  James
• 52:45
  English.
• 52:48
  Sayers
• 52:49
  commented
• 52:49
  on
• 52:50
  this,
• 52:50
  saying
• 52:51
  that
• 52:54
  when
• 52:55
  she
• 52:55
  published
• 52:55
  the
• 52:57
  collection
• 52:58
  of
• 52:58
  plays
• 52:58
  about
• 52:58
  Jesus,
• 53:00
  that
• 53:01
  her
• 53:02
  era
• 53:02
  manifests
• 53:03
  that
• 53:03
  docetic
• 53:04
  and
• 53:04
  totally
• 53:05
  heretical
• 53:06
  Christology
• 53:07
  which
• 53:07
  denies
• 53:08
  the
• 53:08
  full
• 53:09
  humanity
• 53:10
  of
• 53:10
  our
• 53:10
  Lord.
• 53:14
  I
• 53:14
  mean,
• 53:14
  this
• 53:14
  is
• 53:15
  essential
• 53:15
  to
• 53:16
  Christianity.
• 53:18
  And
• 53:18
  yet
• 53:19
  people
• 53:20
  wanted
• 53:20
  to
• 53:20
  hold
• 53:20
  on
• 53:21
  to
• 53:21
  the
• 53:21
  kind
• 53:22
  of
• 53:22
  their
• 53:22
  clean
• 53:23
  visions.
• 53:24
  No,
• 53:24
  the
• 53:24
  boy
• 53:25
  Jesus
• 53:25
  can't
• 53:25
  stand
• 53:26
  on
• 53:26
  sawdust.
• 53:28
  No,
• 53:29
  the
• 53:30
  Jesus
• 53:30
  can't
• 53:31
  speak
• 53:32
  slang.
• 53:35
  If
• 53:36
  you're
• 53:36
  Unfamiliar
• 53:36
  with
• 53:36
  it.
• 53:37
  The
• 53:37
  docetic
• 53:37
  heresy
• 53:38
  around
• 53:39
  200
• 53:39
  AD
• 53:40
  comes
• 53:40
  from
• 53:40
  the
• 53:41
  Greek
• 53:41
  to
• 53:41
  seem.
• 53:42
  And
• 53:42
  it
• 53:43
  was
• 53:43
  basically
• 53:43
  earnest
• 53:44
  followers
• 53:44
  of
• 53:45
  Christ.
• 53:46
  But
• 53:46
  the
• 53:47
  idea
• 53:48
  that
• 53:48
  God
• 53:49
  would
• 53:50
  take
• 53:50
  on
• 53:50
  flesh,
• 53:51
  I
• 53:52
  mean
• 53:52
  we
• 53:52
  get
• 53:52
  so
• 53:52
  used
• 53:53
  to
• 53:53
  it
• 53:53
  going
• 53:53
  to
• 53:53
  church.
• 53:54
  Yeah,
• 53:55
  Jesus
• 53:55
  was
• 53:55
  God
• 53:56
  incarnate.
• 53:57
  This
• 53:57
  is
• 53:57
  a
• 53:58
  shocking
• 53:58
  idea.
• 54:01
  There
• 54:02
  was
• 54:02
  a
• 54:02
  bishop
• 54:03
  named
• 54:03
  Demarcion
• 54:04
  who
• 54:04
  said,
• 54:04
  who
• 54:05
  denied
• 54:06
  the
• 54:06
  full
• 54:08
  that
• 54:09
  God
• 54:09
  was
• 54:10
  fully
• 54:10
  flesh
• 54:11
  in
• 54:11
  Christ
• 54:12
  because
• 54:14
  how
• 54:14
  could
• 54:14
  God
• 54:15
  create
• 54:16
  excrement?
• 54:19
  And
• 54:19
  yeah,
• 54:21
  we
• 54:21
  get
• 54:22
  so
• 54:22
  used
• 54:22
  to
• 54:23
  more
• 54:24
  sanitary
• 54:24
  signs,
• 54:25
  we
• 54:26
  forget
• 54:27
  about
• 54:27
  the
• 54:27
  radical
• 54:28
  nature
• 54:29
  of
• 54:30
  our
• 54:30
  faith.
• 54:33
  And
• 54:33
  so
• 54:35
  what
• 54:35
  we
• 54:36
  need
• 54:36
  to
• 54:36
  remember
• 54:37
  is
• 54:38
  and
• 54:38
  this
• 54:38
  is
• 54:39
  what
• 54:39
  Sayers
• 54:39
  was
• 54:40
  very
• 54:40
  committed
• 54:41
  to
• 54:43
  both
• 54:43
  and
• 54:43
  thinking
• 54:44
  just
• 54:45
  as
• 54:46
  the
• 54:46
  word
• 54:46
  of
• 54:46
  God,
• 54:47
  Jesus
• 54:47
  was
• 54:48
  and
• 54:48
  is
• 54:49
  both
• 54:49
  fully
• 54:50
  human
• 54:51
  and
• 54:52
  fully
• 54:52
  divine.
• 54:55
  Maybe
• 54:55
  that's
• 54:57
  a
• 54:57
  model
• 54:57
  for
• 54:58
  us,
• 54:58
  how
• 54:58
  we
• 54:59
  think
• 54:59
  about
• 54:59
  controversies
• 55:00
  in
• 55:01
  our
• 55:01
  own
• 55:01
  time
• 55:02
  as
• 55:02
  Christians.
• 55:06
  Well,
• 55:08
  Sayers
• 55:09
  reformed
• 55:10
  the
• 55:11
  way
• 55:11
  people
• 55:12
  thought
• 55:12
  about
• 55:13
  Christianity.
• 55:14
  As
• 55:14
  she
• 55:15
  told
• 55:15
  her
• 55:15
  friend
• 55:16
  C.S.
• 55:16
  lewis,
• 55:17
  she
• 55:18
  received
• 55:19
  thousands
• 55:20
  of
• 55:20
  letters
• 55:22
  from
• 55:22
  people
• 55:23
  saying
• 55:24
  for
• 55:24
  the
• 55:25
  first
• 55:25
  time
• 55:25
  in
• 55:25
  my
• 55:26
  life,
• 55:26
  I
• 55:27
  understand
• 55:28
  what
• 55:28
  Jesus
• 55:29
  has
• 55:29
  to
• 55:29
  do
• 55:30
  with
• 55:30
  me.
• 55:31
  Me
• 55:31
  a
• 55:32
  slang,
• 55:32
  slinging
• 55:33
  person,
• 55:34
  working
• 55:34
  class
• 55:35
  person.
• 55:38
  And
• 55:38
  part
• 55:39
  of.
• 55:39
  And
• 55:39
  God
• 55:40
  works
• 55:40
  in
• 55:40
  mysterious
• 55:41
  ways.
• 55:42
  Part
• 55:42
  of
• 55:43
  the
• 55:43
  reason
• 55:44
  that
• 55:44
  so
• 55:45
  many
• 55:45
  thousands
• 55:46
  of
• 55:46
  people
• 55:46
  listen
• 55:46
  to
• 55:47
  these
• 55:47
  radio
• 55:47
  plays
• 55:48
  and
• 55:50
  their
• 55:50
  lives
• 55:51
  were
• 55:51
  changed,
• 55:51
  they
• 55:52
  were
• 55:52
  redeemed
• 55:54
  is
• 55:54
  because
• 55:55
  of
• 55:55
  the
• 55:55
  controversy
• 55:56
  caused
• 55:57
  by
• 55:57
  other
• 55:57
  Christians.
• 55:58
  Because
• 55:58
  all
• 55:59
  these
• 55:59
  Christians
• 55:59
  are
• 56:00
  rising
• 56:01
  up
• 56:01
  and
• 56:01
  protesting
• 56:02
  and
• 56:02
  trying
• 56:02
  to
• 56:03
  censor
• 56:03
  these,
• 56:04
  these
• 56:04
  plays.
• 56:06
  And
• 56:06
  so
• 56:07
  all
• 56:08
  other
• 56:08
  individuals
• 56:09
  who
• 56:09
  would
• 56:10
  normally
• 56:10
  not
• 56:10
  turn
• 56:11
  on
• 56:11
  radio
• 56:11
  to
• 56:12
  listen
• 56:12
  to,
• 56:13
  you
• 56:13
  know,
• 56:14
  the
• 56:14
  life
• 56:14
  of
• 56:14
  Jesus,
• 56:16
  they
• 56:17
  switched
• 56:17
  on
• 56:17
  their
• 56:18
  radios
• 56:19
  thinking
• 56:20
  that
• 56:20
  oh,
• 56:20
  this
• 56:20
  must.
• 56:21
  Christians
• 56:21
  are
• 56:22
  so
• 56:22
  upset.
• 56:22
  It
• 56:22
  must
• 56:23
  be
• 56:23
  a
• 56:23
  demythologizing
• 56:25
  of
• 56:25
  the
• 56:26
  story.
• 56:27
  But
• 56:27
  what
• 56:28
  they
• 56:28
  heard
• 56:29
  was
• 56:30
  all
• 56:31
  the
• 56:31
  miracles
• 56:31
  were
• 56:32
  there.
• 56:34
  The
• 56:34
  death
• 56:34
  and
• 56:34
  resurrection
• 56:35
  was
• 56:35
  there,
• 56:36
  the
• 56:36
  post
• 56:36
  resurrection
• 56:38
  appearances
• 56:38
  of
• 56:39
  Jesus
• 56:39
  were
• 56:39
  there.
• 56:40
  They
• 56:40
  were
• 56:40
  just
• 56:41
  in
• 56:42
  reformed
• 56:44
  signs.
• 56:48
  The
• 56:48
  truth
• 56:49
  of
• 56:49
  salvation
• 56:49
  through
• 56:50
  Christ,
• 56:51
  the
• 56:51
  truth
• 56:51
  of
• 56:52
  redemption
• 56:52
  doesn't
• 56:53
  change.
• 56:54
  But
• 56:54
  because
• 56:54
  of
• 56:55
  that,
• 56:55
  our
• 56:55
  signs
• 56:56
  need
• 56:56
  to
• 56:56
  change
• 56:59
  because
• 56:59
  culture
• 57:00
  changes
• 57:00
  and
• 57:01
  they're
• 57:01
  going
• 57:01
  to
• 57:01
  understand
• 57:02
  differently.
• 57:04
  When
• 57:04
  Sayers
• 57:05
  sent
• 57:05
  a
• 57:06
  copy
• 57:06
  of
• 57:06
  the
• 57:06
  Man
• 57:06
  Born
• 57:07
  to
• 57:07
  Be
• 57:07
  King
• 57:07
  and
• 57:07
  this
• 57:07
  is
• 57:09
  what
• 57:09
  the
• 57:09
  copy
• 57:09
  would
• 57:10
  have
• 57:10
  looked
• 57:10
  like
• 57:10
  that
• 57:11
  Lewis
• 57:12
  received
• 57:12
  from
• 57:13
  her,
• 57:14
  he
• 57:14
  was
• 57:15
  just
• 57:15
  blown
• 57:15
  away.
• 57:16
  He
• 57:16
  was
• 57:17
  not
• 57:17
  someone
• 57:17
  who
• 57:17
  listened
• 57:18
  to
• 57:18
  the
• 57:18
  radio
• 57:18
  that
• 57:19
  much.
• 57:19
  But
• 57:20
  these,
• 57:21
  when
• 57:21
  he
• 57:21
  read
• 57:21
  the
• 57:22
  plays,
• 57:22
  he
• 57:23
  actually
• 57:23
  said
• 57:24
  that
• 57:25
  Sayers,
• 57:25
  man
• 57:26
  born
• 57:26
  to
• 57:26
  be
• 57:26
  King
• 57:27
  has
• 57:27
  edified
• 57:27
  us
• 57:28
  in
• 57:28
  this
• 57:28
  country
• 57:28
  more
• 57:29
  than
• 57:29
  anything
• 57:30
  for
• 57:30
  a
• 57:30
  long
• 57:30
  time.
• 57:31
  It
• 57:31
  is
• 57:31
  a
• 57:32
  mouthwash
• 57:33
  for
• 57:33
  the
• 57:33
  imagination.
• 57:33
  And
• 57:34
  notice
• 57:34
  the
• 57:34
  years
• 57:34
  apart,
• 57:36
  he
• 57:36
  was
• 57:37
  still
• 57:38
  reading
• 57:39
  it.
• 57:39
  In
• 57:39
  fact,
• 57:41
  C.S.
• 57:41
  lewis
• 57:42
  read
• 57:43
  the
• 57:43
  man
• 57:43
  the
• 57:44
  plays
• 57:44
  that
• 57:44
  Sayers
• 57:45
  wrote
• 57:45
  for
• 57:45
  the
• 57:45
  radio
• 57:46
  Man
• 57:46
  Born
• 57:47
  to
• 57:47
  Be
• 57:47
  King
• 57:48
  every
• 57:48
  year
• 57:49
  for
• 57:49
  his
• 57:49
  Easter
• 57:49
  devotions
• 57:50
  until
• 57:51
  the
• 57:51
  year
• 57:51
  he
• 57:51
  died.
• 57:52
  That
• 57:53
  means
• 57:53
  20
• 57:54
  years.
• 57:56
  So
• 57:56
  when
• 57:56
  he's
• 57:57
  writing
• 57:57
  the
• 57:58
  Narnia
• 57:58
  Chronicles,
• 58:00
  he
• 58:00
  is
• 58:01
  being
• 58:03
  mentored
• 58:04
  and
• 58:04
  spiritually
• 58:05
  uplifted
• 58:06
  by
• 58:06
  these
• 58:06
  plays
• 58:07
  that
• 58:07
  Christians
• 58:08
  tried
• 58:09
  to
• 58:09
  suppress.
• 58:13
  I
• 58:13
  would
• 58:13
  then
• 58:14
  like
• 58:14
  to
• 58:16
  just
• 58:17
  make
• 58:18
  a
• 58:18
  little
• 58:19
  digression.
• 58:20
  And
• 58:20
  my
• 58:20
  student
• 58:20
  Will
• 58:21
  here,
• 58:22
  Elena,
• 58:22
  would
• 58:23
  appreciate
• 58:24
  that.
• 58:24
  You
• 58:25
  notice
• 58:26
  C.S.
• 58:27
  lewis
• 58:27
  smoking
• 58:28
  his
• 58:28
  pipe.
• 58:29
  Here's
• 58:29
  another
• 58:29
  one
• 58:29
  smoking
• 58:30
  his
• 58:30
  pipe.
• 58:31
  Jacques
• 58:32
  Derrida,
• 58:34
  who
• 58:34
  is
• 58:35
  the
• 58:35
  father.
• 58:36
  You've
• 58:36
  probably
• 58:36
  heard
• 58:36
  of
• 58:36
  deconstruction.
• 58:39
  He
• 58:40
  analyzed
• 58:40
  how
• 58:41
  signs
• 58:42
  worked.
• 58:43
  The
• 58:43
  sign
• 58:44
  of
• 58:44
  a
• 58:44
  cross,
• 58:45
  the
• 58:45
  sign
• 58:45
  of
• 58:45
  an
• 58:46
  indulgence
• 58:46
  paper,
• 58:47
  the
• 58:47
  sign
• 58:48
  of
• 58:48
  King
• 58:48
  James
• 58:49
  English.
• 58:50
  And
• 58:51
  he
• 58:51
  noted
• 58:52
  that
• 58:52
  every
• 58:52
  sign
• 58:53
  operates
• 58:54
  by
• 58:54
  what
• 58:54
  he
• 58:55
  called
• 58:55
  an
• 58:55
  economy
• 58:56
  of
• 58:56
  exchange.
• 58:57
  You
• 58:57
  have
• 58:57
  a
• 58:57
  signifier
• 58:59
  and
• 58:59
  then
• 58:59
  the
• 59:00
  signified
• 59:01
  meaning.
• 59:03
  But
• 59:03
  the
• 59:03
  trouble
• 59:03
  is,
• 59:03
  people
• 59:04
  get
• 59:04
  so
• 59:04
  caught
• 59:05
  up
• 59:05
  with
• 59:05
  the
• 59:05
  signifier,
• 59:06
  like
• 59:07
  King
• 59:07
  James
• 59:07
  English,
• 59:10
  like
• 59:10
  Rolex,
• 59:12
  they
• 59:13
  just
• 59:14
  lose
• 59:14
  sense
• 59:14
  of
• 59:15
  what
• 59:15
  they're
• 59:15
  supposed
• 59:15
  to
• 59:16
  signify
• 59:17
  and
• 59:17
  they
• 59:17
  start
• 59:18
  idolizing
• 59:19
  the
• 59:19
  signifier.
• 59:21
  Well,
• 59:22
  Derrida
• 59:23
  then
• 59:23
  went
• 59:23
  on
• 59:24
  to
• 59:24
  say
• 59:26
  that,
• 59:26
  and
• 59:27
  here's
• 59:27
  the
• 59:30
  visual
• 59:30
  image
• 59:31
  of
• 59:31
  that.
• 59:32
  Because
• 59:33
  language
• 59:33
  operates
• 59:34
  by
• 59:34
  an
• 59:34
  economy
• 59:35
  of
• 59:35
  exchange
• 59:35
  between
• 59:36
  signifier
• 59:36
  and
• 59:36
  signified.
• 59:38
  That
• 59:39
  explains
• 59:39
  why
• 59:40
  so
• 59:40
  many
• 59:40
  religions
• 59:41
  operate
• 59:42
  by
• 59:42
  an
• 59:43
  economy
• 59:43
  of
• 59:43
  exchange.
• 59:45
  That's
• 59:45
  what
• 59:46
  indulgences
• 59:46
  were.
• 59:46
  Literally.
• 59:47
  You'd
• 59:47
  buy
• 59:48
  an
• 59:48
  indulgence
• 59:49
  and
• 59:49
  you
• 59:49
  got
• 59:49
  an
• 59:49
  exchange
• 59:52
  time
• 59:52
  out
• 59:52
  of
• 59:52
  purgatory.
• 59:54
  But
• 59:55
  rituals,
• 59:55
  rites,
• 59:56
  works
• 59:56
  of
• 59:56
  penance,
• 59:57
  works
• 59:57
  of
• 59:58
  charity,
• 59:58
  and
• 59:59
  I
• 59:59
  add
• 59:59
  here,
• 59:59
  works
• 1:00:00
  of
• 1:00:00
  language.
• 1:00:01
  Because
• 1:00:01
  I
• 1:00:01
  grew
• 1:00:01
  up
• 1:00:02
  in
• 1:00:02
  kind
• 1:00:02
  of
• 1:00:02
  a
• 1:00:03
  fundagelical
• 1:00:04
  background
• 1:00:05
  where,
• 1:00:05
  oh
• 1:00:06
  yes,
• 1:00:06
  we're
• 1:00:08
  not
• 1:00:09
  Catholics,
• 1:00:09
  they're
• 1:00:10
  so
• 1:00:10
  works
• 1:00:10
  oriented.
• 1:00:11
  But
• 1:00:12
  I
• 1:00:12
  had
• 1:00:12
  no
• 1:00:13
  sense
• 1:00:14
  of
• 1:00:14
  how
• 1:00:14
  much
• 1:00:15
  I
• 1:00:15
  had
• 1:00:15
  the
• 1:00:15
  sense
• 1:00:16
  of
• 1:00:16
  that
• 1:00:17
  it
• 1:00:17
  was
• 1:00:17
  a
• 1:00:17
  work
• 1:00:17
  of
• 1:00:18
  language
• 1:00:18
  I
• 1:00:18
  was
• 1:00:18
  doing.
• 1:00:19
  You
• 1:00:19
  have
• 1:00:19
  to
• 1:00:19
  say
• 1:00:19
  the
• 1:00:20
  right
• 1:00:20
  words.
• 1:00:22
  I
• 1:00:22
  asked
• 1:00:23
  Jesus
• 1:00:23
  into
• 1:00:23
  my
• 1:00:23
  heart
• 1:00:24
  when
• 1:00:24
  I
• 1:00:24
  was
• 1:00:24
  8
• 1:00:24
  years
• 1:00:25
  old
• 1:00:25
  and
• 1:00:25
  I
• 1:00:25
  was
• 1:00:25
  born
• 1:00:25
  again.
• 1:00:26
  Case
• 1:00:26
  closed,
• 1:00:27
  I
• 1:00:27
  don't
• 1:00:27
  have
• 1:00:27
  to
• 1:00:27
  worry
• 1:00:27
  about
• 1:00:28
  anything.
• 1:00:29
  And
• 1:00:29
  I
• 1:00:30
  said
• 1:00:30
  the
• 1:00:30
  right
• 1:00:30
  words.
• 1:00:31
  But
• 1:00:32
  notice
• 1:00:32
  the
• 1:00:32
  assumption
• 1:00:33
  there
• 1:00:34
  is.
• 1:00:35
  I
• 1:00:35
  saved
• 1:00:36
  myself
• 1:00:38
  by
• 1:00:38
  saying
• 1:00:38
  the
• 1:00:38
  right
• 1:00:39
  words,
• 1:00:39
  I
• 1:00:39
  used
• 1:00:40
  the
• 1:00:40
  right
• 1:00:40
  signs.
• 1:00:44
  And
• 1:00:47
  religions
• 1:00:48
  tend
• 1:00:48
  to,
• 1:00:48
  since
• 1:00:49
  language
• 1:00:49
  operates
• 1:00:50
  by
• 1:00:50
  an
• 1:00:50
  economy
• 1:00:50
  of
• 1:00:50
  exchange,
• 1:00:51
  you
• 1:00:52
  know.
• 1:00:52
  And
• 1:00:52
  by
• 1:00:53
  that
• 1:00:53
  you
• 1:00:53
  mean
• 1:00:53
  I
• 1:00:54
  say
• 1:00:54
  the
• 1:00:54
  word
• 1:00:54
  dog,
• 1:00:55
  you
• 1:00:55
  get
• 1:00:56
  in
• 1:00:56
  exchange
• 1:00:56
  for
• 1:00:57
  that,
• 1:00:57
  an
• 1:00:57
  image
• 1:00:57
  of
• 1:00:57
  a
• 1:00:57
  dog
• 1:00:58
  in
• 1:00:58
  your
• 1:00:58
  mind.
• 1:01:00
  I
• 1:01:02
  do
• 1:01:02
  a
• 1:01:02
  work
• 1:01:03
  of
• 1:01:03
  penance.
• 1:01:03
  I
• 1:01:04
  get
• 1:01:04
  salvation
• 1:01:06
  and
• 1:01:06
  heaven,
• 1:01:06
  even
• 1:01:07
  the
• 1:01:07
  word
• 1:01:07
  atonement,
• 1:01:09
  that
• 1:01:11
  Tyndale,
• 1:01:12
  once
• 1:01:12
  again,
• 1:01:13
  he
• 1:01:13
  invented
• 1:01:14
  this
• 1:01:14
  word
• 1:01:17
  for
• 1:01:18
  the
• 1:01:18
  Hebrew
• 1:01:19
  that
• 1:01:20
  you
• 1:01:21
  hear
• 1:01:21
  in
• 1:01:21
  Yom
• 1:01:22
  Kippur.
• 1:01:25
  But
• 1:01:25
  he
• 1:01:26
  invented
• 1:01:26
  it
• 1:01:27
  because
• 1:01:28
  what
• 1:01:28
  God
• 1:01:29
  wants
• 1:01:29
  is
• 1:01:30
  at
• 1:01:30
  one
• 1:01:31
  meant
• 1:01:32
  with
• 1:01:32
  us.
• 1:01:33
  But
• 1:01:33
  think
• 1:01:34
  of
• 1:01:34
  how
• 1:01:34
  people
• 1:01:34
  have
• 1:01:35
  turned
• 1:01:37
  even
• 1:01:37
  the
• 1:01:37
  idea
• 1:01:38
  of
• 1:01:38
  atonement
• 1:01:39
  into
• 1:01:39
  an
• 1:01:39
  economy
• 1:01:39
  of
• 1:01:40
  exchange.
• 1:01:41
  They'll
• 1:01:41
  say,
• 1:01:42
  well,
• 1:01:42
  he's
• 1:01:43
  going
• 1:01:43
  to
• 1:01:43
  have
• 1:01:43
  to
• 1:01:43
  atone
• 1:01:44
  for
• 1:01:44
  his
• 1:01:44
  sins.
• 1:01:46
  He's
• 1:01:47
  going
• 1:01:47
  to
• 1:01:47
  have
• 1:01:47
  to
• 1:01:47
  do
• 1:01:47
  something
• 1:01:48
  to
• 1:01:48
  get
• 1:01:49
  forgiveness.
• 1:01:50
  And
• 1:01:51
  Tyndale's
• 1:01:51
  whole
• 1:01:52
  point
• 1:01:52
  is
• 1:01:52
  God
• 1:01:52
  wants
• 1:01:53
  to
• 1:01:53
  be
• 1:01:53
  in
• 1:01:53
  relationship
• 1:01:54
  with
• 1:01:55
  us.
• 1:01:56
  Okay,
• 1:01:57
  what's
• 1:01:57
  interesting
• 1:01:58
  about
• 1:01:58
  this
• 1:01:59
  is
• 1:01:59
  Derrida
• 1:02:00
  defined
• 1:02:01
  deconstruction
• 1:02:02
  as
• 1:02:02
  openness
• 1:02:03
  to
• 1:02:03
  the
• 1:02:03
  other.
• 1:02:03
  And
• 1:02:04
  I
• 1:02:04
  think
• 1:02:04
  it
• 1:02:05
  is
• 1:02:05
  a
• 1:02:05
  more
• 1:02:05
  modern
• 1:02:05
  term
• 1:02:06
  for
• 1:02:06
  the
• 1:02:06
  term
• 1:02:07
  Reformation.
• 1:02:10
  Now,
• 1:02:10
  Derrida
• 1:02:11
  himself
• 1:02:12
  was
• 1:02:12
  an
• 1:02:13
  atheist.
• 1:02:13
  He
• 1:02:14
  acknowledged
• 1:02:14
  he
• 1:02:14
  was
• 1:02:15
  an
• 1:02:15
  atheist.
• 1:02:15
  He
• 1:02:15
  said
• 1:02:16
  pure
• 1:02:16
  gifts
• 1:02:16
  are
• 1:02:17
  impossible.
• 1:02:17
  All
• 1:02:18
  religions
• 1:02:18
  operate
• 1:02:19
  by
• 1:02:19
  an
• 1:02:19
  economy
• 1:02:20
  of
• 1:02:20
  exchange.
• 1:02:22
  But
• 1:02:23
  he
• 1:02:23
  realized
• 1:02:24
  if
• 1:02:24
  deconstruction
• 1:02:25
  is
• 1:02:25
  openness
• 1:02:25
  to
• 1:02:26
  the
• 1:02:26
  other,
• 1:02:27
  then
• 1:02:28
  I
• 1:02:29
  have
• 1:02:29
  to
• 1:02:30
  be
• 1:02:30
  open
• 1:02:32
  to
• 1:02:32
  other
• 1:02:33
  ways
• 1:02:33
  of
• 1:02:34
  thinking
• 1:02:34
  of
• 1:02:35
  religion.
• 1:02:36
  And
• 1:02:37
  he
• 1:02:37
  started,
• 1:02:38
  he
• 1:02:38
  went
• 1:02:38
  from
• 1:02:38
  a
• 1:02:39
  pure
• 1:02:39
  gift
• 1:02:39
  is
• 1:02:39
  impossible
• 1:02:40
  to
• 1:02:41
  substituting
• 1:02:42
  the
• 1:02:42
  word
• 1:02:43
  God
• 1:02:43
  for
• 1:02:44
  impossible.
• 1:02:45
  And
• 1:02:45
  then
• 1:02:46
  he
• 1:02:46
  started
• 1:02:47
  reading
• 1:02:47
  the
• 1:02:47
  Bible
• 1:02:49
  and
• 1:02:49
  he
• 1:02:49
  said,
• 1:02:51
  I've
• 1:02:51
  discovered
• 1:02:52
  that
• 1:02:52
  the
• 1:02:53
  only
• 1:02:53
  religion
• 1:02:56
  that
• 1:02:56
  doesn't
• 1:02:56
  operate
• 1:02:57
  by
• 1:02:57
  an
• 1:02:57
  economy
• 1:02:57
  of
• 1:02:58
  exchange
• 1:02:59
  is
• 1:02:59
  Christianity.
• 1:03:01
  It
• 1:03:02
  is
• 1:03:02
  predicated
• 1:03:03
  upon
• 1:03:03
  a
• 1:03:03
  gift.
• 1:03:08
  This
• 1:03:08
  is
• 1:03:08
  amazing
• 1:03:09
  because
• 1:03:10
  he
• 1:03:10
  was
• 1:03:10
  willing
• 1:03:10
  to
• 1:03:11
  reform
• 1:03:11
  his
• 1:03:12
  own
• 1:03:12
  views
• 1:03:13
  of
• 1:03:13
  redemption.
• 1:03:15
  He
• 1:03:15
  was
• 1:03:16
  willing
• 1:03:16
  to
• 1:03:16
  be
• 1:03:16
  open
• 1:03:16
  to
• 1:03:17
  the
• 1:03:17
  other.
• 1:03:20
  I'm
• 1:03:21
  going
• 1:03:21
  to
• 1:03:21
  skip,
• 1:03:21
  I
• 1:03:21
  was
• 1:03:21
  going
• 1:03:22
  to
• 1:03:22
  talk
• 1:03:22
  about
• 1:03:22
  political
• 1:03:23
  issues,
• 1:03:23
  the
• 1:03:24
  peasants
• 1:03:24
  war,
• 1:03:26
  but
• 1:03:26
  I
• 1:03:26
  want
• 1:03:27
  us
• 1:03:27
  now
• 1:03:27
  immediately
• 1:03:28
  to
• 1:03:28
  think
• 1:03:28
  of
• 1:03:29
  today.
• 1:03:30
  What
• 1:03:31
  is
• 1:03:31
  the
• 1:03:31
  technology
• 1:03:32
  we're
• 1:03:32
  struggling
• 1:03:33
  with
• 1:03:33
  today?
• 1:03:34
  Not
• 1:03:34
  Gutenberg's
• 1:03:35
  printing
• 1:03:36
  press,
• 1:03:37
  not
• 1:03:37
  the
• 1:03:37
  radio
• 1:03:38
  anymore,
• 1:03:40
  but
• 1:03:41
  how
• 1:03:41
  do
• 1:03:41
  we
• 1:03:42
  think
• 1:03:42
  about
• 1:03:42
  new
• 1:03:42
  technologies?
• 1:03:43
  How
• 1:03:44
  can
• 1:03:44
  we
• 1:03:44
  as
• 1:03:44
  Christians
• 1:03:46
  not
• 1:03:46
  just
• 1:03:46
  think
• 1:03:46
  of
• 1:03:47
  the
• 1:03:49
  problems
• 1:03:50
  they
• 1:03:50
  create,
• 1:03:52
  but
• 1:03:53
  how
• 1:03:54
  can
• 1:03:54
  we
• 1:03:54
  see
• 1:03:54
  both
• 1:03:55
  sides
• 1:03:55
  of
• 1:03:55
  the
• 1:03:55
  issue?
• 1:03:56
  How
• 1:03:56
  can
• 1:03:56
  we
• 1:03:57
  be
• 1:03:58
  both
• 1:03:59
  and
• 1:03:59
  thinkers,
• 1:04:00
  even
• 1:04:00
  when,
• 1:04:01
  especially
• 1:04:01
  when
• 1:04:01
  it
• 1:04:01
  comes
• 1:04:02
  to
• 1:04:02
  AI,
• 1:04:02
  which
• 1:04:03
  is
• 1:04:03
  so
• 1:04:03
  controversial
• 1:04:04
  right
• 1:04:04
  now.
• 1:04:05
  And
• 1:04:06
  I
• 1:04:06
  think
• 1:04:06
  Luther
• 1:04:07
  gives
• 1:04:07
  us
• 1:04:07
  an
• 1:04:07
  answer,
• 1:04:08
  as
• 1:04:09
  do
• 1:04:11
  Tolkien
• 1:04:11
  and
• 1:04:11
  Lewis,
• 1:04:12
  because
• 1:04:13
  Luther
• 1:04:13
  had
• 1:04:14
  a
• 1:04:14
  community
• 1:04:15
  at
• 1:04:16
  Wittenberg
• 1:04:16
  University
• 1:04:17
  and
• 1:04:18
  he
• 1:04:18
  had
• 1:04:18
  amazing
• 1:04:19
  support
• 1:04:20
  from
• 1:04:20
  his
• 1:04:20
  students,
• 1:04:21
  from
• 1:04:21
  other
• 1:04:22
  faculty.
• 1:04:23
  And
• 1:04:24
  we
• 1:04:25
  need
• 1:04:25
  to
• 1:04:25
  think
• 1:04:25
  about
• 1:04:26
  the
• 1:04:26
  importance
• 1:04:27
  of
• 1:04:27
  community
• 1:04:27
  as
• 1:04:28
  we
• 1:04:28
  face
• 1:04:28
  the
• 1:04:29
  challenges
• 1:04:29
  of
• 1:04:29
  our
• 1:04:30
  own
• 1:04:30
  time,
• 1:04:31
  a
• 1:04:31
  time
• 1:04:32
  in
• 1:04:32
  which
• 1:04:33
  there
• 1:04:33
  is
• 1:04:33
  such
• 1:04:34
  incredible
• 1:04:34
  polarization,
• 1:04:36
  just
• 1:04:36
  you
• 1:04:36
  can't
• 1:04:37
  even
• 1:04:37
  know
• 1:04:37
  whether
• 1:04:38
  you
• 1:04:38
  can
• 1:04:38
  trust
• 1:04:39
  what
• 1:04:40
  comes
• 1:04:40
  out
• 1:04:40
  of
• 1:04:40
  the
• 1:04:40
  mouths
• 1:04:41
  of
• 1:04:41
  politicians.
• 1:04:44
  And
• 1:04:44
  this
• 1:04:44
  is
• 1:04:45
  what
• 1:04:45
  the
• 1:04:45
  Inklings
• 1:04:46
  had.
• 1:04:47
  They
• 1:04:47
  had
• 1:04:47
  community,
• 1:04:50
  even
• 1:04:50
  though
• 1:04:50
  they
• 1:04:51
  didn't
• 1:04:51
  all
• 1:04:51
  agree
• 1:04:52
  with
• 1:04:52
  each
• 1:04:52
  other.
• 1:04:53
  Community
• 1:04:53
  doesn't
• 1:04:53
  mean
• 1:04:54
  just
• 1:04:54
  surrounding
• 1:04:54
  yourself
• 1:04:55
  with
• 1:04:56
  people
• 1:04:56
  who
• 1:04:56
  think
• 1:04:57
  exactly
• 1:04:57
  the
• 1:04:58
  way
• 1:04:58
  you
• 1:04:58
  do.
• 1:05:00
  Tolkien
• 1:05:01
  was
• 1:05:01
  Roman
• 1:05:02
  Catholic,
• 1:05:03
  C.S.
• 1:05:03
  lewis
• 1:05:04
  Anglican.
• 1:05:05
  The
• 1:05:06
  person
• 1:05:06
  in
• 1:05:06
  between
• 1:05:07
  them,
• 1:05:08
  Owen
• 1:05:08
  Barfield,
• 1:05:09
  he
• 1:05:09
  was
• 1:05:09
  an
• 1:05:09
  anthroposophist.
• 1:05:13
  And
• 1:05:14
  Lewis,
• 1:05:14
  and
• 1:05:14
  he
• 1:05:15
  didn't
• 1:05:15
  agree
• 1:05:16
  about
• 1:05:16
  things,
• 1:05:16
  but
• 1:05:16
  they
• 1:05:17
  still
• 1:05:17
  talked
• 1:05:18
  about
• 1:05:18
  them.
• 1:05:22
  So
• 1:05:22
  for
• 1:05:23
  us,
• 1:05:23
  how
• 1:05:24
  can
• 1:05:24
  we
• 1:05:24
  develop
• 1:05:25
  communities
• 1:05:25
  that
• 1:05:26
  were
• 1:05:26
  willing
• 1:05:26
  to
• 1:05:27
  grapple
• 1:05:28
  with
• 1:05:28
  some
• 1:05:28
  of
• 1:05:29
  the
• 1:05:30
  problematic
• 1:05:31
  issues
• 1:05:31
  in
• 1:05:32
  our
• 1:05:32
  own
• 1:05:32
  time
• 1:05:33
  rather
• 1:05:34
  than
• 1:05:34
  just
• 1:05:34
  despairing
• 1:05:36
  about
• 1:05:36
  them?
• 1:05:37
  And
• 1:05:37
  I'm.
• 1:05:38
  This
• 1:05:39
  is
• 1:05:39
  a
• 1:05:39
  self
• 1:05:39
  directed
• 1:05:40
  sermon
• 1:05:41
  because
• 1:05:41
  I'm
• 1:05:41
  in
• 1:05:42
  despair
• 1:05:42
  over
• 1:05:43
  our
• 1:05:43
  times.
• 1:05:45
  So
• 1:05:46
  what
• 1:05:47
  we
• 1:05:47
  need
• 1:05:47
  to
• 1:05:47
  do
• 1:05:48
  is
• 1:05:48
  to
• 1:05:49
  consider
• 1:05:50
  the
• 1:05:51
  possibility
• 1:05:51
  of
• 1:05:51
  the
• 1:05:52
  impossible
• 1:05:53
  getting
• 1:05:54
  away
• 1:05:55
  from
• 1:05:55
  the
• 1:05:55
  exchanges
• 1:05:56
  that
• 1:05:57
  so
• 1:05:57
  often
• 1:05:58
  corrupts
• 1:05:59
  Christianity
• 1:06:01
  to
• 1:06:01
  endorsing
• 1:06:03
  the
• 1:06:03
  impossible
• 1:06:04
  gift.
• 1:06:08
  And
• 1:06:08
  let
• 1:06:09
  me
• 1:06:09
  just
• 1:06:09
  add,
• 1:06:09
  that
• 1:06:10
  doesn't
• 1:06:10
  mean
• 1:06:10
  belief
• 1:06:11
  isn't
• 1:06:11
  involved,
• 1:06:12
  because
• 1:06:12
  if
• 1:06:12
  you're
• 1:06:13
  offered
• 1:06:13
  a
• 1:06:13
  gift,
• 1:06:14
  you
• 1:06:15
  have
• 1:06:15
  to
• 1:06:15
  believe
• 1:06:16
  it's
• 1:06:16
  been
• 1:06:16
  offered
• 1:06:17
  to
• 1:06:17
  you
• 1:06:17
  before
• 1:06:17
  you
• 1:06:17
  accept
• 1:06:18
  it.
• 1:06:19
  Right,
• 1:06:19
  but
• 1:06:20
  that's
• 1:06:20
  different
• 1:06:20
  than
• 1:06:20
  an
• 1:06:21
  exchange.
• 1:06:21
  Okay.
• 1:06:22
  If
• 1:06:22
  you
• 1:06:22
  believe
• 1:06:22
  the
• 1:06:23
  right
• 1:06:23
  thing,
• 1:06:23
  you're
• 1:06:24
  going
• 1:06:24
  to
• 1:06:24
  heaven.
• 1:06:27
  No,
• 1:06:27
  let's
• 1:06:27
  reform
• 1:06:28
  that
• 1:06:28
  view
• 1:06:28
  of
• 1:06:29
  redemption.
• 1:06:29
  God
• 1:06:30
  has
• 1:06:30
  offered
• 1:06:30
  the
• 1:06:31
  gift
• 1:06:31
  of
• 1:06:31
  salvation
• 1:06:31
  through
• 1:06:32
  Christ,
• 1:06:34
  and
• 1:06:34
  all
• 1:06:34
  we
• 1:06:34
  have
• 1:06:34
  to
• 1:06:35
  do
• 1:06:35
  is
• 1:06:35
  reach
• 1:06:35
  out
• 1:06:35
  and
• 1:06:36
  take
• 1:06:36
  it.
• 1:06:39
  Thank
• 1:06:39
  you.
• 1:06:48
  Awesome.
• 1:06:49
  Awesome.
• 1:06:49
  Is
• 1:06:49
  this
• 1:06:49
  Mike?
• 1:06:50
  Hello,
• 1:06:51
  Coming
• 1:06:52
  at
• 1:06:52
  you.
• 1:06:53
  Boom,
• 1:06:54
  boom,
• 1:06:54
  boom.
• 1:06:55
  Maybe,
• 1:06:56
  maybe.
• 1:06:58
  Hello,
• 1:06:58
  hello.
• 1:06:59
  Coming
• 1:06:59
  at
• 1:06:59
  you
• 1:06:59
  on.
• 1:07:00
  On.
• 1:07:01
  Good,
• 1:07:01
  good.
• 1:07:01
  All
• 1:07:02
  right.
• 1:07:02
  Hey,
• 1:07:02
  great
• 1:07:03
  job.
• 1:07:03
  That
• 1:07:03
  was
• 1:07:04
  amazing.
• 1:07:04
  I
• 1:07:04
  love
• 1:07:04
  it.
• 1:07:04
  I
• 1:07:05
  let.
• 1:07:09
  So
• 1:07:09
  I
• 1:07:09
  do
• 1:07:09
  want
• 1:07:10
  to
• 1:07:10
  enter
• 1:07:10
  a
• 1:07:10
  little
• 1:07:10
  time
• 1:07:10
  of.
• 1:07:11
  Of
• 1:07:11
  Q
• 1:07:11
  and
• 1:07:11
  A
• 1:07:11
  and
• 1:07:12
  you
• 1:07:12
  guys
• 1:07:12
  bantering.
• 1:07:13
  I
• 1:07:13
  love
• 1:07:13
  this
• 1:07:13
  idea
• 1:07:14
  of
• 1:07:15
  doing
• 1:07:15
  this
• 1:07:16
  in
• 1:07:16
  community.
• 1:07:17
  So
• 1:07:18
  they
• 1:07:18
  were
• 1:07:18
  doing
• 1:07:18
  their
• 1:07:19
  thing,
• 1:07:19
  and
• 1:07:19
  the
• 1:07:19
  Inklings
• 1:07:20
  and
• 1:07:20
  workshopping
• 1:07:21
  and
• 1:07:21
  hanging
• 1:07:21
  out
• 1:07:22
  and
• 1:07:22
  talking
• 1:07:23
  and
• 1:07:23
  helping
• 1:07:24
  each
• 1:07:24
  other
• 1:07:24
  with
• 1:07:24
  their
• 1:07:24
  own
• 1:07:25
  creative
• 1:07:26
  ideas
• 1:07:26
  and
• 1:07:26
  stories
• 1:07:27
  and
• 1:07:27
  working
• 1:07:28
  out
• 1:07:28
  their
• 1:07:28
  own
• 1:07:28
  salvation
• 1:07:29
  with
• 1:07:29
  fear
• 1:07:29
  and
• 1:07:29
  tripling
• 1:07:30
  in
• 1:07:30
  1920s,
• 1:07:30
  30s,
• 1:07:31
  and
• 1:07:31
  40s.
• 1:07:31
  Here
• 1:07:31
  we
• 1:07:31
  are
• 1:07:32
  in
• 1:07:32
  the
• 1:07:32
  2020s,
• 1:07:34
  and
• 1:07:35
  100
• 1:07:35
  years
• 1:07:36
  later,
• 1:07:36
  same
• 1:07:36
  kind
• 1:07:37
  of
• 1:07:37
  thing.
• 1:07:37
  So
• 1:07:38
  Dorothy
• 1:07:39
  Sayers
• 1:07:39
  dealt
• 1:07:39
  with,
• 1:07:40
  like,
• 1:07:40
  angry
• 1:07:41
  emails
• 1:07:42
  about,
• 1:07:42
  like,
• 1:07:42
  what
• 1:07:43
  are
• 1:07:43
  you
• 1:07:43
  doing?
• 1:07:43
  And
• 1:07:44
  how
• 1:07:44
  are
• 1:07:44
  you
• 1:07:44
  doing
• 1:07:44
  this?
• 1:07:44
  And
• 1:07:44
  here
• 1:07:45
  we
• 1:07:45
  are,
• 1:07:45
  the
• 1:07:45
  same
• 1:07:46
  kind
• 1:07:46
  of
• 1:07:47
  toxic
• 1:07:47
  message
• 1:07:47
  boards
• 1:07:48
  that
• 1:07:48
  comes
• 1:07:48
  around
• 1:07:49
  geek
• 1:07:49
  stuff,
• 1:07:50
  and
• 1:07:50
  people
• 1:07:50
  mad
• 1:07:51
  that
• 1:07:51
  Star
• 1:07:51
  wars
• 1:07:51
  was
• 1:07:52
  done
• 1:07:52
  this
• 1:07:52
  way
• 1:07:52
  and
• 1:07:52
  not
• 1:07:53
  that
• 1:07:53
  way.
• 1:07:53
  And
• 1:07:54
  how
• 1:07:54
  would
• 1:07:54
  you
• 1:07:55
  say,
• 1:07:55
  like,
• 1:07:55
  the
• 1:07:55
  comparison
• 1:07:56
  of,
• 1:07:56
  like,
• 1:07:56
  the
• 1:07:56
  Inklings
• 1:07:57
  and
• 1:07:57
  their
• 1:07:57
  community
• 1:07:59
  compares
• 1:07:59
  100
• 1:07:59
  years
• 1:08:00
  later?
• 1:08:00
  Have
• 1:08:01
  we
• 1:08:01
  learned
• 1:08:01
  anything?
• 1:08:01
  Are
• 1:08:01
  we
• 1:08:02
  doing
• 1:08:02
  the
• 1:08:02
  same
• 1:08:02
  kind
• 1:08:02
  of
• 1:08:02
  things?
• 1:08:03
  What.
• 1:08:03
  What
• 1:08:03
  does
• 1:08:04
  that
• 1:08:04
  look
• 1:08:04
  like
• 1:08:04
  in
• 1:08:04
  terms
• 1:08:04
  of
• 1:08:06
  the
• 1:08:06
  controversies
• 1:08:07
  around
• 1:08:07
  her?
• 1:08:07
  Like,
• 1:08:07
  why
• 1:08:07
  aren't
• 1:08:08
  you
• 1:08:08
  using
• 1:08:08
  this
• 1:08:08
  kind
• 1:08:09
  of
• 1:08:09
  language
• 1:08:09
  or
• 1:08:09
  this
• 1:08:09
  kind
• 1:08:10
  of
• 1:08:10
  translation,
• 1:08:10
  but
• 1:08:10
  yet
• 1:08:11
  put
• 1:08:11
  it
• 1:08:11
  in
• 1:08:11
  the
• 1:08:11
  vernacular
• 1:08:12
  to
• 1:08:12
  people.
• 1:08:12
  And
• 1:08:12
  here
• 1:08:13
  we
• 1:08:13
  are
• 1:08:13
  today
• 1:08:13
  trying.
• 1:08:14
  And
• 1:08:14
  I
• 1:08:14
  loved
• 1:08:14
  your
• 1:08:15
  bringing
• 1:08:15
  Derrida.
• 1:08:15
  In
• 1:08:16
  terms
• 1:08:16
  of
• 1:08:16
  deconstruction,
• 1:08:17
  That's
• 1:08:17
  a
• 1:08:17
  big
• 1:08:18
  buzzword
• 1:08:18
  in
• 1:08:18
  progressive
• 1:08:19
  Christianity
• 1:08:19
  in
• 1:08:19
  terms
• 1:08:20
  of
• 1:08:20
  deconstruction,
• 1:08:21
  reconstruction.
• 1:08:22
  When,
• 1:08:22
  when?
• 1:08:23
  In
• 1:08:23
  terms
• 1:08:23
  of
• 1:08:23
  Reformation
• 1:08:24
  Sunday.
• 1:08:24
  And
• 1:08:24
  think
• 1:08:25
  about
• 1:08:25
  reforming,
• 1:08:25
  always
• 1:08:26
  reforming.
• 1:08:27
  Here
• 1:08:27
  we
• 1:08:27
  are
• 1:08:27
  100
• 1:08:28
  years
• 1:08:28
  later.
• 1:08:28
  The
• 1:08:29
  same
• 1:08:29
  kind
• 1:08:29
  of
• 1:08:29
  stuff.
• 1:08:30
  Yes.
• 1:08:31
  Just
• 1:08:31
  throwing
• 1:08:31
  it
• 1:08:31
  out
• 1:08:31
  there.
• 1:08:32
  Thoughts.
• 1:08:32
  What
• 1:08:33
  do
• 1:08:33
  you
• 1:08:33
  think?
• 1:08:35
  Well,
• 1:08:36
  a
• 1:08:36
  model
• 1:08:36
  that
• 1:08:36
  I
• 1:08:36
  like
• 1:08:37
  to
• 1:08:37
  say,
• 1:08:38
  book
• 1:08:38
  by
• 1:08:39
  Daniel
• 1:08:39
  McAdams
• 1:08:40
  called
• 1:08:40
  the
• 1:08:40
  Stories
• 1:08:41
  We
• 1:08:41
  Live
• 1:08:41
  by.
• 1:08:42
  And
• 1:08:42
  he
• 1:08:42
  talks
• 1:08:43
  about
• 1:08:43
  how
• 1:08:44
  we
• 1:08:44
  all
• 1:08:44
  create
• 1:08:45
  a
• 1:08:45
  storyline
• 1:08:46
  for
• 1:08:46
  our
• 1:08:46
  lives.
• 1:08:47
  And
• 1:08:47
  the
• 1:08:48
  four
• 1:08:48
  main
• 1:08:48
  plots
• 1:08:49
  are
• 1:08:49
  the
• 1:08:50
  legacy
• 1:08:50
  script,
• 1:08:51
  a
• 1:08:51
  happy
• 1:08:52
  past
• 1:08:52
  which
• 1:08:52
  leads
• 1:08:53
  to
• 1:08:53
  a
• 1:08:53
  happy
• 1:08:53
  present.
• 1:08:54
  And
• 1:08:55
  that's
• 1:08:55
  a
• 1:08:55
  healthy
• 1:08:55
  script.
• 1:08:55
  You
• 1:08:56
  know,
• 1:08:56
  I
• 1:08:56
  had
• 1:08:56
  a
• 1:08:56
  great
• 1:08:56
  foundation.
• 1:08:57
  My
• 1:08:57
  Parents
• 1:08:58
  loved
• 1:08:58
  me,
• 1:08:58
  I
• 1:08:58
  went
• 1:08:58
  off
• 1:08:59
  to
• 1:08:59
  college
• 1:08:59
  or
• 1:08:59
  whatever,
• 1:09:00
  and
• 1:09:00
  now
• 1:09:00
  I'm.
• 1:09:00
  I
• 1:09:01
  feel
• 1:09:01
  like
• 1:09:01
  I'm
• 1:09:01
  in
• 1:09:01
  a
• 1:09:01
  good
• 1:09:02
  place.
• 1:09:02
  That's
• 1:09:03
  the
• 1:09:03
  Legacy
• 1:09:03
  script.
• 1:09:04
  There's
• 1:09:05
  also
• 1:09:05
  a
• 1:09:05
  positive
• 1:09:06
  script
• 1:09:06
  called
• 1:09:06
  the
• 1:09:07
  Self
• 1:09:07
  Absolving.
• 1:09:08
  Excuse
• 1:09:08
  me,
• 1:09:08
  the
• 1:09:09
  Overcoming
• 1:09:10
  script,
• 1:09:11
  which
• 1:09:11
  is
• 1:09:12
  I
• 1:09:12
  had
• 1:09:12
  a
• 1:09:12
  difficult
• 1:09:13
  past,
• 1:09:14
  but
• 1:09:14
  I've
• 1:09:14
  worked
• 1:09:14
  my
• 1:09:15
  way
• 1:09:15
  toward
• 1:09:15
  a
• 1:09:15
  positive
• 1:09:16
  present.
• 1:09:16
  Both
• 1:09:17
  Lewis
• 1:09:17
  and
• 1:09:17
  Tolkien
• 1:09:18
  had
• 1:09:18
  a
• 1:09:18
  Overcoming
• 1:09:19
  script.
• 1:09:20
  It
• 1:09:20
  was
• 1:09:20
  very
• 1:09:20
  aware
• 1:09:21
  of
• 1:09:21
  their,
• 1:09:21
  their
• 1:09:22
  difficult
• 1:09:23
  childhoods,
• 1:09:23
  but
• 1:09:24
  they
• 1:09:24
  both
• 1:09:24
  felt
• 1:09:24
  like
• 1:09:25
  through
• 1:09:25
  friendship
• 1:09:25
  and
• 1:09:26
  faith,
• 1:09:26
  they
• 1:09:27
  came
• 1:09:27
  back
• 1:09:27
  to
• 1:09:27
  a
• 1:09:27
  very
• 1:09:28
  good
• 1:09:28
  place.
• 1:09:29
  The
• 1:09:29
  two,
• 1:09:29
  the
• 1:09:30
  two
• 1:09:30
  less
• 1:09:31
  healthy
• 1:09:31
  ones.
• 1:09:32
  One
• 1:09:32
  is
• 1:09:32
  the
• 1:09:33
  nostalgic
• 1:09:34
  script,
• 1:09:34
  which
• 1:09:34
  is
• 1:09:35
  my
• 1:09:35
  good
• 1:09:35
  past
• 1:09:36
  led
• 1:09:36
  to
• 1:09:36
  a
• 1:09:36
  bad
• 1:09:37
  present
• 1:09:39
  and
• 1:09:39
  so
• 1:09:39
  I
• 1:09:40
  had
• 1:09:40
  difficulties.
• 1:09:41
  I
• 1:09:41
  didn't
• 1:09:42
  get
• 1:09:42
  into
• 1:09:42
  college,
• 1:09:42
  my
• 1:09:43
  parents
• 1:09:43
  divorced,
• 1:09:44
  but
• 1:09:44
  I've
• 1:09:45
  worked
• 1:09:45
  things
• 1:09:45
  through
• 1:09:46
  and
• 1:09:46
  now
• 1:09:46
  I'm
• 1:09:46
  glad
• 1:09:47
  where
• 1:09:47
  I
• 1:09:47
  am.
• 1:09:48
  Excuse
• 1:09:48
  me.
• 1:09:48
  Nostalgia
• 1:09:49
  script
• 1:09:49
  is
• 1:09:49
  I
• 1:09:50
  started
• 1:09:50
  out
• 1:09:50
  well,
• 1:09:50
  but
• 1:09:51
  now
• 1:09:52
  my
• 1:09:52
  parents
• 1:09:52
  divorced,
• 1:09:53
  something
• 1:09:53
  bad
• 1:09:53
  happened
• 1:09:53
  and
• 1:09:54
  here
• 1:09:54
  I
• 1:09:54
  am
• 1:09:54
  as
• 1:09:54
  an
• 1:09:55
  adult
• 1:09:55
  and
• 1:09:55
  I'm
• 1:09:55
  not
• 1:09:55
  happy.
• 1:09:56
  The
• 1:09:56
  other
• 1:09:57
  one
• 1:09:57
  is
• 1:09:57
  the
• 1:09:57
  self
• 1:09:57
  absolving
• 1:09:58
  script,
• 1:09:59
  which
• 1:09:59
  is
• 1:09:59
  my
• 1:10:00
  bad
• 1:10:00
  past
• 1:10:00
  leads
• 1:10:01
  to
• 1:10:01
  a
• 1:10:02
  bad
• 1:10:02
  present.
• 1:10:03
  I
• 1:10:03
  didn't
• 1:10:03
  get
• 1:10:03
  a
• 1:10:03
  break
• 1:10:04
  as
• 1:10:04
  a
• 1:10:04
  kid.
• 1:10:05
  My
• 1:10:05
  parents
• 1:10:06
  didn't
• 1:10:06
  support
• 1:10:06
  me.
• 1:10:07
  I
• 1:10:07
  didn't
• 1:10:07
  get
• 1:10:07
  into
• 1:10:07
  the
• 1:10:07
  school
• 1:10:08
  I
• 1:10:08
  want.
• 1:10:08
  No
• 1:10:09
  wonder
• 1:10:09
  I'm
• 1:10:09
  so
• 1:10:09
  unhappy
• 1:10:10
  in
• 1:10:10
  my,
• 1:10:10
  in
• 1:10:10
  my
• 1:10:11
  middle
• 1:10:11
  age.
• 1:10:11
  So
• 1:10:12
  this
• 1:10:12
  is
• 1:10:12
  Daniel
• 1:10:12
  McAdams
• 1:10:13
  on
• 1:10:13
  Life
• 1:10:14
  Scripts.
• 1:10:15
  What
• 1:10:15
  interests
• 1:10:15
  me,
• 1:10:16
  he
• 1:10:16
  says
• 1:10:16
  the
• 1:10:16
  two
• 1:10:18
  drivers
• 1:10:18
  of
• 1:10:18
  human
• 1:10:19
  behavior.
• 1:10:19
  What
• 1:10:19
  is
• 1:10:20
  agency?
• 1:10:21
  You
• 1:10:21
  want
• 1:10:22
  to
• 1:10:22
  accomplish
• 1:10:22
  something.
• 1:10:23
  You
• 1:10:23
  want
• 1:10:23
  to
• 1:10:24
  be
• 1:10:24
  in
• 1:10:24
  control
• 1:10:24
  of
• 1:10:24
  your
• 1:10:25
  life.
• 1:10:25
  You
• 1:10:25
  want
• 1:10:25
  to
• 1:10:25
  be
• 1:10:25
  recognized
• 1:10:26
  for
• 1:10:26
  your
• 1:10:26
  gifts.
• 1:10:27
  The
• 1:10:27
  other
• 1:10:27
  one
• 1:10:28
  is
• 1:10:28
  community
• 1:10:29
  or
• 1:10:29
  communion,
• 1:10:30
  where
• 1:10:31
  you
• 1:10:31
  want
• 1:10:31
  to
• 1:10:31
  connect
• 1:10:31
  with
• 1:10:32
  people,
• 1:10:32
  you
• 1:10:32
  want
• 1:10:32
  to
• 1:10:32
  be
• 1:10:33
  part
• 1:10:33
  of
• 1:10:33
  a
• 1:10:33
  group.
• 1:10:35
  So
• 1:10:35
  he's
• 1:10:35
  actually
• 1:10:36
  saying
• 1:10:36
  if
• 1:10:37
  you
• 1:10:37
  sit
• 1:10:37
  down
• 1:10:38
  and
• 1:10:38
  think
• 1:10:38
  of
• 1:10:38
  flashbulb
• 1:10:39
  memories
• 1:10:40
  in
• 1:10:40
  your
• 1:10:40
  life,
• 1:10:41
  like
• 1:10:42
  they're
• 1:10:42
  going
• 1:10:43
  to
• 1:10:43
  be
• 1:10:43
  either
• 1:10:43
  positive.
• 1:10:44
  Because
• 1:10:44
  my
• 1:10:44
  agency
• 1:10:45
  was
• 1:10:45
  affirmed.
• 1:10:46
  I
• 1:10:46
  applied
• 1:10:46
  to
• 1:10:47
  a
• 1:10:47
  good
• 1:10:47
  school
• 1:10:47
  and
• 1:10:48
  I
• 1:10:48
  got
• 1:10:48
  in.
• 1:10:49
  I
• 1:10:50
  won
• 1:10:50
  this
• 1:10:50
  award
• 1:10:50
  in
• 1:10:51
  high
• 1:10:51
  school.
• 1:10:52
  And
• 1:10:52
  the
• 1:10:52
  negative
• 1:10:52
  would
• 1:10:53
  be
• 1:10:53
  I
• 1:10:53
  applied
• 1:10:53
  and
• 1:10:53
  I
• 1:10:54
  didn't
• 1:10:54
  get
• 1:10:54
  in.
• 1:10:54
  Or
• 1:10:56
  somehow,
• 1:10:56
  rather
• 1:10:56
  I
• 1:10:57
  not
• 1:10:57
  as
• 1:10:57
  successful
• 1:10:58
  as
• 1:10:58
  I
• 1:10:58
  wanted
• 1:10:58
  to
• 1:10:59
  be.
• 1:10:59
  The
• 1:11:00
  community
• 1:11:01
  or
• 1:11:01
  Continuity.
• 1:11:02
  The
• 1:11:02
  Connectivity
• 1:11:03
  script,
• 1:11:03
  you
• 1:11:04
  remember
• 1:11:04
  I
• 1:11:05
  asked
• 1:11:05
  her
• 1:11:05
  to
• 1:11:05
  marry
• 1:11:06
  me
• 1:11:06
  and
• 1:11:06
  she
• 1:11:06
  said
• 1:11:06
  yes,
• 1:11:07
  I
• 1:11:07
  got
• 1:11:08
  elected
• 1:11:08
  to
• 1:11:08
  student
• 1:11:09
  council.
• 1:11:09
  Or
• 1:11:10
  the
• 1:11:10
  negative
• 1:11:10
  is
• 1:11:11
  she
• 1:11:11
  said
• 1:11:11
  no.
• 1:11:12
  I
• 1:11:13
  wanted
• 1:11:13
  to
• 1:11:13
  connect
• 1:11:13
  with
• 1:11:13
  these
• 1:11:14
  people
• 1:11:14
  and
• 1:11:14
  they
• 1:11:14
  rejected
• 1:11:15
  me.
• 1:11:15
  And
• 1:11:16
  the
• 1:11:16
  reason
• 1:11:16
  I
• 1:11:16
  bring
• 1:11:16
  that
• 1:11:16
  up
• 1:11:17
  is
• 1:11:17
  because
• 1:11:17
  the
• 1:11:17
  Inklings
• 1:11:18
  had.
• 1:11:19
  He
• 1:11:19
  says
• 1:11:19
  often
• 1:11:20
  agency
• 1:11:21
  and
• 1:11:21
  connectivity
• 1:11:22
  are
• 1:11:22
  in
• 1:11:23
  opposition.
• 1:11:24
  You're
• 1:11:25
  a
• 1:11:25
  middle
• 1:11:25
  aged
• 1:11:26
  manager
• 1:11:26
  and
• 1:11:27
  you
• 1:11:27
  get
• 1:11:27
  a
• 1:11:27
  chance
• 1:11:28
  for
• 1:11:28
  a
• 1:11:28
  big
• 1:11:28
  promotion
• 1:11:29
  if
• 1:11:29
  you're
• 1:11:29
  willing
• 1:11:29
  to
• 1:11:30
  move
• 1:11:30
  to
• 1:11:30
  Detroit.
• 1:11:31
  But
• 1:11:31
  do
• 1:11:31
  you
• 1:11:32
  take
• 1:11:32
  your
• 1:11:32
  children
• 1:11:32
  out
• 1:11:33
  of
• 1:11:33
  school?
• 1:11:33
  Do
• 1:11:34
  you
• 1:11:34
  make
• 1:11:34
  your
• 1:11:34
  spouse
• 1:11:35
  leave
• 1:11:35
  her
• 1:11:36
  job?
• 1:11:36
  I
• 1:11:36
  mean,
• 1:11:37
  how
• 1:11:37
  much
• 1:11:37
  is
• 1:11:37
  your
• 1:11:38
  personal
• 1:11:38
  sense
• 1:11:38
  of
• 1:11:38
  agency
• 1:11:39
  going
• 1:11:40
  to
• 1:11:40
  overcome
• 1:11:41
  the
• 1:11:42
  community
• 1:11:42
  and
• 1:11:42
  connectivity
• 1:11:43
  you
• 1:11:43
  have
• 1:11:43
  with
• 1:11:44
  your
• 1:11:44
  family.
• 1:11:45
  And
• 1:11:45
  the
• 1:11:46
  reason
• 1:11:46
  I
• 1:11:46
  love
• 1:11:46
  the
• 1:11:46
  Inklings
• 1:11:47
  is
• 1:11:47
  they
• 1:11:48
  had
• 1:11:48
  that
• 1:11:48
  unusual
• 1:11:49
  formula
• 1:11:50
  where
• 1:11:50
  their
• 1:11:50
  sense
• 1:11:51
  of
• 1:11:51
  agency
• 1:11:52
  reinforced
• 1:11:52
  community
• 1:11:53
  and
• 1:11:54
  their
• 1:11:54
  sense
• 1:11:54
  of
• 1:11:54
  community
• 1:11:55
  reinforced
• 1:11:56
  their
• 1:11:56
  sense
• 1:11:56
  of
• 1:11:56
  agency.
• 1:11:57
  They
• 1:11:58
  sit
• 1:11:58
  around
• 1:11:58
  and
• 1:11:58
  read
• 1:11:59
  a
• 1:11:59
  manuscript.
• 1:11:59
  They
• 1:12:00
  had
• 1:12:00
  very
• 1:12:00
  frank
• 1:12:01
  discussions
• 1:12:01
  about
• 1:12:02
  what
• 1:12:02
  was
• 1:12:02
  good,
• 1:12:02
  what
• 1:12:03
  was
• 1:12:03
  bad,
• 1:12:04
  and
• 1:12:04
  that
• 1:12:04
  was
• 1:12:04
  bonding.
• 1:12:05
  To
• 1:12:05
  talk
• 1:12:05
  about
• 1:12:05
  each
• 1:12:06
  other's
• 1:12:06
  writing
• 1:12:06
  projects
• 1:12:07
  was
• 1:12:07
  a
• 1:12:07
  great
• 1:12:08
  bonding
• 1:12:08
  approach,
• 1:12:09
  but
• 1:12:10
  it
• 1:12:10
  also
• 1:12:10
  spurred
• 1:12:11
  them
• 1:12:11
  to
• 1:12:11
  accomplish
• 1:12:12
  even
• 1:12:12
  more.
• 1:12:13
  You
• 1:12:13
  talked
• 1:12:13
  about
• 1:12:14
  Lewis
• 1:12:14
  and
• 1:12:15
  Hokey
• 1:12:15
  making
• 1:12:15
  an
• 1:12:16
  agreement.
• 1:12:16
  I'm
• 1:12:16
  going
• 1:12:16
  to
• 1:12:17
  write
• 1:12:17
  a
• 1:12:17
  space
• 1:12:17
  story,
• 1:12:17
  and
• 1:12:17
  you
• 1:12:18
  write
• 1:12:18
  the
• 1:12:18
  time
• 1:12:18
  story.
• 1:12:19
  So
• 1:12:20
  I.
• 1:12:21
  It's
• 1:12:21
  kind
• 1:12:21
  of
• 1:12:21
  a
• 1:12:21
  long
• 1:12:22
  winded
• 1:12:22
  answer
• 1:12:22
  to
• 1:12:22
  your
• 1:12:23
  question,
• 1:12:23
  but
• 1:12:23
  I
• 1:12:23
  think
• 1:12:24
  we
• 1:12:24
  still
• 1:12:24
  can
• 1:12:25
  take
• 1:12:25
  this
• 1:12:26
  dynamic
• 1:12:26
  of
• 1:12:27
  the
• 1:12:27
  Inklings,
• 1:12:28
  in
• 1:12:28
  which
• 1:12:28
  our
• 1:12:28
  sense
• 1:12:28
  of
• 1:12:29
  agency
• 1:12:30
  reinforces
• 1:12:30
  community
• 1:12:31
  and
• 1:12:32
  our
• 1:12:32
  sense
• 1:12:32
  of
• 1:12:32
  community
• 1:12:33
  actually
• 1:12:34
  encourages
• 1:12:34
  agency
• 1:12:35
  and
• 1:12:35
  individuals.
• 1:12:36
  So
• 1:12:37
  that's
• 1:12:37
  my
• 1:12:37
  rather
• 1:12:38
  long
• 1:12:38
  winded
• 1:12:38
  answer
• 1:12:39
  to
• 1:12:39
  your
• 1:12:39
  brief
• 1:12:39
  question.
• 1:12:40
  Yeah,
• 1:12:41
  I'm
• 1:12:41
  really
• 1:12:41
  fascinated
• 1:12:42
  by,
• 1:12:42
  like,
• 1:12:42
  we
• 1:12:42
  don't
• 1:12:42
  do
• 1:12:43
  this
• 1:12:43
  alone,
• 1:12:44
  right?
• 1:12:45
  Like
• 1:12:45
  Luther,
• 1:12:45
  even
• 1:12:46
  Luther,
• 1:12:46
  we
• 1:12:46
  see
• 1:12:46
  him
• 1:12:46
  as
• 1:12:47
  this
• 1:12:47
  great
• 1:12:47
  reformer
• 1:12:48
  and
• 1:12:48
  he
• 1:12:49
  did
• 1:12:49
  his
• 1:12:49
  thing.
• 1:12:49
  He
• 1:12:49
  had
• 1:12:50
  his
• 1:12:50
  team,
• 1:12:50
  he
• 1:12:51
  had
• 1:12:51
  his
• 1:12:51
  friends,
• 1:12:52
  he
• 1:12:52
  had
• 1:12:52
  the
• 1:12:52
  people
• 1:12:52
  that
• 1:12:53
  supported
• 1:12:53
  him
• 1:12:54
  in
• 1:12:54
  his
• 1:12:54
  journey.
• 1:12:55
  And
• 1:12:55
  the
• 1:12:56
  same
• 1:12:56
  way
• 1:12:56
  the
• 1:12:56
  Inklings,
• 1:12:57
  I
• 1:12:57
  love
• 1:12:58
  that,
• 1:12:58
  like,
• 1:12:59
  some
• 1:12:59
  of
• 1:12:59
  these,
• 1:12:59
  the,
• 1:13:00
  some
• 1:13:00
  of
• 1:13:00
  the
• 1:13:00
  greatest
• 1:13:02
  literary
• 1:13:03
  works
• 1:13:04
  of,
• 1:13:04
  of,
• 1:13:05
  of
• 1:13:05
  all
• 1:13:05
  time
• 1:13:06
  were
• 1:13:06
  because
• 1:13:06
  of
• 1:13:06
  some
• 1:13:07
  friendships
• 1:13:07
  that
• 1:13:07
  they
• 1:13:07
  were
• 1:13:08
  encouraging
• 1:13:08
  each
• 1:13:08
  other
• 1:13:08
  to
• 1:13:09
  do
• 1:13:09
  these
• 1:13:09
  things.
• 1:13:10
  And
• 1:13:10
  so
• 1:13:10
  this
• 1:13:10
  group
• 1:13:11
  that
• 1:13:11
  huddled
• 1:13:11
  together
• 1:13:12
  and
• 1:13:12
  we
• 1:13:12
  huddled
• 1:13:13
  together
• 1:13:13
  on
• 1:13:13
  Sunday
• 1:13:13
  mornings
• 1:13:14
  or
• 1:13:14
  in
• 1:13:14
  small
• 1:13:14
  groups
• 1:13:15
  or
• 1:13:15
  with
• 1:13:15
  families
• 1:13:15
  and
• 1:13:15
  friends
• 1:13:16
  or
• 1:13:16
  book
• 1:13:16
  groups,
• 1:13:17
  systematic
• 1:13:18
  ecology,
• 1:13:18
  whatever,
• 1:13:19
  we
• 1:13:19
  gather
• 1:13:19
  together
• 1:13:20
  and
• 1:13:20
  we
• 1:13:21
  encourage
• 1:13:21
  one
• 1:13:21
  another
• 1:13:22
  and
• 1:13:22
  push
• 1:13:22
  one
• 1:13:22
  another
• 1:13:23
  and
• 1:13:23
  challenge
• 1:13:23
  each
• 1:13:23
  other.
• 1:13:24
  And
• 1:13:24
  Dorothy
• 1:13:25
  Sayers,
• 1:13:25
  this,
• 1:13:25
  this
• 1:13:25
  whole
• 1:13:26
  idea
• 1:13:26
  of
• 1:13:26
  her
• 1:13:26
  doing
• 1:13:26
  this
• 1:13:27
  thing
• 1:13:27
  and
• 1:13:27
  then,
• 1:13:28
  I
• 1:13:29
  don't
• 1:13:29
  know,
• 1:13:29
  there's
• 1:13:29
  something
• 1:13:29
  about
• 1:13:30
  this,
• 1:13:31
  the
• 1:13:32
  angry
• 1:13:33
  letters
• 1:13:33
  that
• 1:13:33
  were
• 1:13:34
  sent
• 1:13:34
  to
• 1:13:34
  her
• 1:13:34
  for
• 1:13:35
  doing
• 1:13:35
  this
• 1:13:35
  thing
• 1:13:35
  and
• 1:13:35
  pushing
• 1:13:36
  things,
• 1:13:36
  I
• 1:13:36
  don't
• 1:13:37
  know,
• 1:13:37
  encourages
• 1:13:37
  me
• 1:13:38
  in
• 1:13:38
  some
• 1:13:38
  way
• 1:13:38
  because
• 1:13:38
  we
• 1:13:38
  live
• 1:13:38
  in
• 1:13:39
  this
• 1:13:39
  age
• 1:13:39
  of
• 1:13:39
  like,
• 1:13:40
  you
• 1:13:40
  know,
• 1:13:41
  rage
• 1:13:41
  bait
• 1:13:42
  or
• 1:13:42
  Twitter
• 1:13:43
  controversies
• 1:13:44
  or
• 1:13:44
  whatever
• 1:13:44
  you
• 1:13:44
  want
• 1:13:44
  to
• 1:13:44
  talk
• 1:13:44
  about.
• 1:13:45
  People
• 1:13:45
  talks
• 1:13:46
  as
• 1:13:46
  much
• 1:13:46
  as
• 1:13:46
  boards.
• 1:13:47
  But
• 1:13:47
  she
• 1:13:47
  still
• 1:13:47
  stood
• 1:13:48
  firm
• 1:13:48
  in
• 1:13:48
  what
• 1:13:48
  she
• 1:13:48
  believed
• 1:13:49
  of
• 1:13:49
  how
• 1:13:49
  to
• 1:13:49
  articulate
• 1:13:50
  the
• 1:13:50
  faith
• 1:13:51
  of
• 1:13:51
  folks
• 1:13:51
  out
• 1:13:51
  in
• 1:13:51
  the
• 1:13:51
  world.
• 1:13:52
  And
• 1:13:52
  it
• 1:13:52
  resonated
• 1:13:52
  with
• 1:13:52
  people.
• 1:13:53
  So.
• 1:13:53
  Right.
• 1:13:53
  I,
• 1:13:54
  I
• 1:13:54
  and
• 1:13:54
  Dorothy
• 1:13:55
  Sayers
• 1:13:55
  was
• 1:13:56
  really
• 1:13:56
  committed
• 1:13:57
  to
• 1:13:58
  community.
• 1:14:02
  Just
• 1:14:04
  so
• 1:14:04
  much
• 1:14:04
  for
• 1:14:04
  connectivity.
• 1:14:08
  So
• 1:14:12
  I
• 1:14:12
  think
• 1:14:12
  even,
• 1:14:15
  you
• 1:14:15
  know,
• 1:14:15
  the
• 1:14:15
  church
• 1:14:16
  can
• 1:14:16
  build.
• 1:14:16
  And
• 1:14:16
  of
• 1:14:17
  course,
• 1:14:17
  we
• 1:14:17
  have
• 1:14:17
  First
• 1:14:17
  Corinthians
• 1:14:18
  12,
• 1:14:18
  Romans
• 1:14:19
  12
• 1:14:19
  about
• 1:14:19
  we
• 1:14:20
  all
• 1:14:20
  have
• 1:14:20
  different
• 1:14:20
  gifts.
• 1:14:22
  Sinus
• 1:14:22
  came
• 1:14:22
  up
• 1:14:23
  once
• 1:14:23
  again
• 1:14:24
  getting
• 1:14:24
  us
• 1:14:25
  to
• 1:14:25
  think
• 1:14:25
  in
• 1:14:25
  new
• 1:14:25
  ways.
• 1:14:26
  Like
• 1:14:26
  CS
• 1:14:27
  Lewis
• 1:14:27
  creating
• 1:14:28
  a
• 1:14:28
  lion
• 1:14:30
  who
• 1:14:30
  makes
• 1:14:30
  us
• 1:14:30
  think
• 1:14:31
  about
• 1:14:31
  Jesus
• 1:14:31
  in
• 1:14:32
  new
• 1:14:32
  ways.
• 1:14:34
  Sayers
• 1:14:35
  compared
• 1:14:36
  the
• 1:14:37
  church.
• 1:14:37
  She
• 1:14:37
  said
• 1:14:38
  the
• 1:14:39
  church
• 1:14:39
  should
• 1:14:40
  be
• 1:14:40
  like
• 1:14:41
  a
• 1:14:41
  theater
• 1:14:42
  troupe.
• 1:14:43
  She
• 1:14:43
  loved
• 1:14:44
  Theater.
• 1:14:46
  And
• 1:14:47
  her
• 1:14:48
  experience
• 1:14:49
  was
• 1:14:49
  that
• 1:14:49
  in
• 1:14:50
  theater,
• 1:14:51
  everyone,
• 1:14:52
  when
• 1:14:53
  you're
• 1:14:53
  putting
• 1:14:53
  on
• 1:14:53
  a
• 1:14:53
  dramatic
• 1:14:54
  production,
• 1:14:54
  you
• 1:14:55
  all
• 1:14:55
  have
• 1:14:55
  the
• 1:14:56
  same
• 1:14:56
  goal.
• 1:14:58
  And
• 1:14:58
  so
• 1:14:58
  everybody
• 1:14:59
  putting
• 1:14:59
  on
• 1:15:00
  the
• 1:15:00
  production
• 1:15:01
  realizes
• 1:15:01
  it's
• 1:15:02
  not
• 1:15:02
  just
• 1:15:02
  about
• 1:15:02
  the
• 1:15:03
  director.
• 1:15:03
  It's
• 1:15:03
  not
• 1:15:04
  just
• 1:15:04
  about
• 1:15:05
  the
• 1:15:06
  superstar
• 1:15:08
  actor
• 1:15:09
  that
• 1:15:09
  we
• 1:15:09
  got.
• 1:15:10
  Because
• 1:15:11
  no
• 1:15:12
  matter
• 1:15:12
  how
• 1:15:12
  good
• 1:15:12
  the
• 1:15:12
  actor
• 1:15:13
  is,
• 1:15:14
  if
• 1:15:14
  your
• 1:15:14
  sound
• 1:15:16
  technician
• 1:15:17
  isn't
• 1:15:18
  doing
• 1:15:18
  his
• 1:15:19
  or
• 1:15:19
  her
• 1:15:19
  job,
• 1:15:20
  nobody
• 1:15:21
  will
• 1:15:21
  hear
• 1:15:21
  the
• 1:15:21
  actor.
• 1:15:22
  If
• 1:15:22
  the
• 1:15:22
  lighting
• 1:15:23
  technician
• 1:15:23
  isn't
• 1:15:24
  doing
• 1:15:24
  his
• 1:15:24
  or
• 1:15:25
  her
• 1:15:25
  job,
• 1:15:26
  you
• 1:15:26
  won't
• 1:15:26
  even
• 1:15:26
  see
• 1:15:27
  them
• 1:15:27
  on
• 1:15:27
  the
• 1:15:27
  stage.
• 1:15:29
  And
• 1:15:30
  she
• 1:15:31
  said,
• 1:15:32
  we
• 1:15:32
  have
• 1:15:32
  to
• 1:15:33
  think
• 1:15:33
  more
• 1:15:33
  like
• 1:15:34
  that
• 1:15:35
  rather
• 1:15:35
  than,
• 1:15:36
  you
• 1:15:36
  know,
• 1:15:36
  well,
• 1:15:36
  the
• 1:15:37
  church.
• 1:15:37
  You
• 1:15:37
  know,
• 1:15:37
  it's.
• 1:15:38
  You
• 1:15:38
  look
• 1:15:39
  for
• 1:15:39
  a
• 1:15:39
  good
• 1:15:39
  pastor.
• 1:15:40
  But
• 1:15:40
  no,
• 1:15:41
  we
• 1:15:41
  all
• 1:15:42
  have
• 1:15:42
  the
• 1:15:42
  same
• 1:15:43
  project
• 1:15:43
  to
• 1:15:44
  reform
• 1:15:44
  the
• 1:15:44
  way
• 1:15:45
  people
• 1:15:45
  think
• 1:15:46
  of
• 1:15:46
  redemption.
• 1:15:47
  And
• 1:15:47
  we
• 1:15:48
  all
• 1:15:48
  have
• 1:15:48
  important
• 1:15:49
  roles
• 1:15:49
  today.
• 1:15:49
  And
• 1:15:50
  so
• 1:15:50
  we
• 1:15:50
  have
• 1:15:50
  to
• 1:15:51
  be
• 1:15:52
  identifying
• 1:15:53
  each
• 1:15:53
  other's
• 1:15:53
  gifts
• 1:15:54
  in
• 1:15:55
  community
• 1:15:56
  and
• 1:15:56
  reinforcing
• 1:15:58
  those
• 1:15:58
  gifts.
• 1:15:59
  Because
• 1:15:59
  there's
• 1:15:59
  certain
• 1:15:59
  gifts
• 1:16:00
  that,
• 1:16:00
  you
• 1:16:01
  know,
• 1:16:02
  some
• 1:16:02
  people
• 1:16:02
  would
• 1:16:03
  probably
• 1:16:03
  like
• 1:16:04
  more
• 1:16:04
  than
• 1:16:05
  others,
• 1:16:05
  like
• 1:16:05
  the
• 1:16:05
  person
• 1:16:06
  who
• 1:16:06
  just
• 1:16:06
  moves
• 1:16:06
  the
• 1:16:06
  props
• 1:16:08
  on
• 1:16:08
  a
• 1:16:08
  stage
• 1:16:09
  production.
• 1:16:10
  But
• 1:16:10
  if
• 1:16:11
  the
• 1:16:11
  prop
• 1:16:11
  is
• 1:16:12
  in
• 1:16:12
  the
• 1:16:12
  wrong
• 1:16:12
  place
• 1:16:12
  and
• 1:16:13
  causes
• 1:16:13
  the,
• 1:16:13
  you
• 1:16:14
  know,
• 1:16:14
  the
• 1:16:14
  main
• 1:16:14
  actor
• 1:16:14
  to
• 1:16:15
  fall
• 1:16:15
  and
• 1:16:15
  break
• 1:16:15
  his
• 1:16:16
  leg,
• 1:16:17
  no
• 1:16:17
  pun
• 1:16:17
  intended.
• 1:16:18
  I
• 1:16:18
  mean,
• 1:16:18
  that.
• 1:16:20
  We're
• 1:16:20
  like
• 1:16:20
  math.
• 1:16:21
  I
• 1:16:21
  don't
• 1:16:21
  like,
• 1:16:22
  you
• 1:16:22
  know.
• 1:16:22
  Yeah,
• 1:16:23
  yeah,
• 1:16:23
  yeah,
• 1:16:24
  yeah.
• 1:16:24
  And
• 1:16:25
  so,
• 1:16:25
  yeah,
• 1:16:25
  literally,
• 1:16:26
  liturgy
• 1:16:27
  means
• 1:16:27
  work
• 1:16:27
  of
• 1:16:27
  the
• 1:16:28
  people.
• 1:16:28
  And
• 1:16:28
  then
• 1:16:29
  Luther
• 1:16:29
  talked
• 1:16:30
  about
• 1:16:30
  the
• 1:16:30
  priesthood
• 1:16:30
  of
• 1:16:30
  all
• 1:16:30
  believers.
• 1:16:31
  It's
• 1:16:31
  not
• 1:16:31
  just
• 1:16:32
  the
• 1:16:32
  priest
• 1:16:32
  up
• 1:16:32
  front,
• 1:16:33
  but
• 1:16:33
  as
• 1:16:33
  everyone.
• 1:16:34
  We're
• 1:16:34
  all
• 1:16:34
  baptized.
• 1:16:35
  We
• 1:16:35
  all
• 1:16:35
  have
• 1:16:35
  gifts.
• 1:16:36
  We're
• 1:16:36
  all
• 1:16:37
  a
• 1:16:37
  part
• 1:16:37
  of
• 1:16:37
  this
• 1:16:37
  team
• 1:16:38
  together.
• 1:16:38
  And
• 1:16:38
  I
• 1:16:39
  think
• 1:16:39
  that's
• 1:16:39
  important
• 1:16:39
  in
• 1:16:40
  terms
• 1:16:40
  of
• 1:16:40
  how
• 1:16:40
  we
• 1:16:40
  do
• 1:16:41
  faith
• 1:16:41
  together.
• 1:16:41
  Are
• 1:16:41
  there
• 1:16:42
  questions
• 1:16:42
  out
• 1:16:42
  there?
• 1:16:43
  Oh,
• 1:16:44
  yes.
• 1:16:44
  Will.
• 1:16:47
  Thank
• 1:16:47
  you
• 1:16:47
  very
• 1:16:47
  much
• 1:16:48
  for
• 1:16:48
  the
• 1:16:48
  talks.
• 1:16:48
  I
• 1:16:48
  have
• 1:16:48
  a
• 1:16:49
  question
• 1:16:49
  about
• 1:16:49
  why
• 1:16:49
  Lewis.
• 1:16:50
  Became
• 1:16:50
  interested
• 1:16:51
  in
• 1:16:51
  writing
• 1:16:51
  children's
• 1:16:52
  fiction.
• 1:16:53
  I've
• 1:16:53
  heard
• 1:16:53
  one
• 1:16:53
  story
• 1:16:54
  about
• 1:16:54
  this,
• 1:16:54
  and
• 1:16:54
  I
• 1:16:54
  wanted
• 1:16:55
  to
• 1:16:55
  ask
• 1:16:55
  you
• 1:16:55
  whether
• 1:16:55
  it
• 1:16:55
  was
• 1:16:55
  true.
• 1:16:56
  The
• 1:16:56
  story
• 1:16:57
  I've
• 1:16:57
  heard
• 1:16:57
  is
• 1:16:57
  that
• 1:16:57
  he
• 1:16:57
  was
• 1:16:58
  writing
• 1:16:59
  apologetics
• 1:17:00
  and
• 1:17:00
  theology.
• 1:17:01
  He
• 1:17:01
  had
• 1:17:01
  a
• 1:17:01
  public
• 1:17:01
  debate
• 1:17:02
  with
• 1:17:02
  philosopher.
• 1:17:03
  Elizabeth
• 1:17:03
  Anscombe,
• 1:17:04
  and
• 1:17:04
  this
• 1:17:04
  was
• 1:17:05
  an
• 1:17:05
  overwhelmingly.
• 1:17:06
  Negative
• 1:17:06
  experience
• 1:17:07
  for
• 1:17:07
  him
• 1:17:07
  and
• 1:17:08
  made
• 1:17:08
  an
• 1:17:08
  impact
• 1:17:08
  on
• 1:17:09
  his
• 1:17:09
  friend.
• 1:17:09
  It
• 1:17:09
  seems
• 1:17:10
  like
• 1:17:10
  they
• 1:17:11
  were
• 1:17:11
  under
• 1:17:11
  the.
• 1:17:11
  Impression
• 1:17:12
  that
• 1:17:12
  he
• 1:17:12
  found
• 1:17:12
  it,
• 1:17:13
  like,
• 1:17:13
  humiliating
• 1:17:13
  or
• 1:17:14
  unpleasant
• 1:17:14
  in
• 1:17:14
  something.
• 1:17:14
  And
• 1:17:15
  some
• 1:17:15
  people
• 1:17:15
  think
• 1:17:16
  that
• 1:17:16
  that's
• 1:17:16
  why.
• 1:17:16
  He
• 1:17:17
  became
• 1:17:17
  interested
• 1:17:18
  in
• 1:17:18
  fiction.
• 1:17:18
  But
• 1:17:18
  I'm
• 1:17:19
  sort
• 1:17:19
  of,
• 1:17:19
  like,
• 1:17:19
  suspicious
• 1:17:19
  of.
• 1:17:20
  This
• 1:17:20
  story,
• 1:17:20
  but
• 1:17:20
  I
• 1:17:20
  don't
• 1:17:20
  have
• 1:17:20
  any
• 1:17:21
  evidence
• 1:17:21
  one
• 1:17:21
  way
• 1:17:21
  or
• 1:17:21
  the
• 1:17:21
  other.
• 1:17:22
  So
• 1:17:22
  is
• 1:17:22
  that.
• 1:17:23
  Does
• 1:17:23
  that
• 1:17:23
  story
• 1:17:23
  seem
• 1:17:24
  true
• 1:17:24
  to
• 1:17:24
  you?
• 1:17:24
  Does
• 1:17:24
  it
• 1:17:24
  seem,
• 1:17:25
  like,
• 1:17:25
  justified?
• 1:17:26
  I
• 1:17:26
  think
• 1:17:27
  it
• 1:17:27
  is
• 1:17:29
  overstated.
• 1:17:30
  He
• 1:17:30
  did
• 1:17:30
  have
• 1:17:30
  a
• 1:17:30
  debate
• 1:17:31
  with
• 1:17:31
  Elizabeth
• 1:17:31
  Ancam,
• 1:17:33
  who
• 1:17:33
  was
• 1:17:33
  a
• 1:17:33
  Wittgenstinian
• 1:17:34
  Catholic
• 1:17:35
  philosopher.
• 1:17:36
  I
• 1:17:36
  would
• 1:17:36
  have
• 1:17:37
  loved
• 1:17:37
  to
• 1:17:37
  known
• 1:17:37
  her.
• 1:17:37
  She
• 1:17:38
  was
• 1:17:38
  extremely
• 1:17:38
  smart.
• 1:17:39
  And
• 1:17:40
  Lewis
• 1:17:40
  was
• 1:17:40
  Used
• 1:17:40
  to
• 1:17:40
  winning
• 1:17:41
  debates.
• 1:17:41
  This
• 1:17:42
  was
• 1:17:42
  in
• 1:17:42
  the
• 1:17:42
  late
• 1:17:43
  40s,
• 1:17:43
  I
• 1:17:43
  think.
• 1:17:43
  48.
• 1:17:45
  And
• 1:17:45
  she
• 1:17:46
  really
• 1:17:46
  got
• 1:17:46
  him
• 1:17:47
  on
• 1:17:47
  equivocating
• 1:17:48
  on
• 1:17:48
  a
• 1:17:48
  word.
• 1:17:49
  He
• 1:17:49
  has
• 1:17:49
  an
• 1:17:49
  argument
• 1:17:50
  in
• 1:17:50
  Miracles
• 1:17:51
  that
• 1:17:51
  says
• 1:17:51
  if
• 1:17:52
  our
• 1:17:52
  brains
• 1:17:52
  evolved
• 1:17:53
  from
• 1:17:54
  irrational
• 1:17:55
  causes,
• 1:17:55
  how
• 1:17:56
  can
• 1:17:56
  we
• 1:17:56
  trust
• 1:17:56
  our
• 1:17:57
  brains
• 1:17:57
  to
• 1:17:57
  be
• 1:17:57
  a
• 1:17:58
  rational
• 1:17:58
  guide
• 1:17:58
  to
• 1:17:59
  reality?
• 1:18:00
  And
• 1:18:00
  he
• 1:18:00
  was
• 1:18:00
  kind
• 1:18:00
  of
• 1:18:01
  fudging
• 1:18:01
  on
• 1:18:02
  irrational,
• 1:18:03
  meaning
• 1:18:03
  they
• 1:18:03
  just
• 1:18:03
  happen
• 1:18:04
  in
• 1:18:04
  nature,
• 1:18:05
  versus
• 1:18:05
  irrational
• 1:18:06
  meaning.
• 1:18:07
  That's
• 1:18:07
  a
• 1:18:07
  bad
• 1:18:07
  argument
• 1:18:08
  logically.
• 1:18:09
  So
• 1:18:10
  he
• 1:18:10
  actually
• 1:18:10
  went
• 1:18:10
  back
• 1:18:10
  and
• 1:18:11
  revised
• 1:18:11
  some
• 1:18:12
  sections
• 1:18:12
  of
• 1:18:12
  Miracles
• 1:18:13
  after
• 1:18:14
  that
• 1:18:14
  debate,
• 1:18:15
  but
• 1:18:15
  he
• 1:18:16
  already
• 1:18:16
  had
• 1:18:16
  children's
• 1:18:17
  literature
• 1:18:17
  in
• 1:18:17
  mind
• 1:18:18
  long
• 1:18:18
  before
• 1:18:18
  that
• 1:18:18
  debate.
• 1:18:19
  They
• 1:18:20
  had
• 1:18:20
  children
• 1:18:20
  in
• 1:18:20
  their
• 1:18:21
  home
• 1:18:21
  during
• 1:18:21
  World
• 1:18:21
  War
• 1:18:22
  I,
• 1:18:22
  during
• 1:18:22
  the
• 1:18:22
  London
• 1:18:23
  Blitz.
• 1:18:24
  Two
• 1:18:24
  million
• 1:18:24
  children.
• 1:18:27
  No,
• 1:18:27
  I'm
• 1:18:27
  going
• 1:18:27
  to
• 1:18:27
  stick.
• 1:18:28
  I'm
• 1:18:28
  going
• 1:18:28
  to
• 1:18:28
  stay
• 1:18:28
  with
• 1:18:28
  World
• 1:18:29
  War
• 1:18:29
  I.
• 1:18:30
  No,
• 1:18:30
  you're
• 1:18:31
  right.
• 1:18:34
  So
• 1:18:34
  anyway,
• 1:18:35
  during
• 1:18:35
  World
• 1:18:35
  War
• 1:18:36
  II,
• 1:18:36
  the
• 1:18:36
  children
• 1:18:36
  were
• 1:18:36
  sent
• 1:18:37
  out
• 1:18:37
  to
• 1:18:37
  less
• 1:18:38
  dangerous
• 1:18:38
  areas.
• 1:18:38
  Both
• 1:18:39
  the
• 1:18:39
  Tolkiens
• 1:18:39
  and
• 1:18:40
  the
• 1:18:40
  Lewis
• 1:18:40
  has
• 1:18:40
  took
• 1:18:41
  in
• 1:18:41
  children.
• 1:18:41
  And
• 1:18:42
  Lewis
• 1:18:43
  said,
• 1:18:43
  oh,
• 1:18:43
  they're
• 1:18:43
  such
• 1:18:44
  charming
• 1:18:44
  children.
• 1:18:45
  They
• 1:18:45
  have
• 1:18:45
  trouble
• 1:18:46
  entertaining
• 1:18:46
  themselves,
• 1:18:47
  but
• 1:18:47
  they
• 1:18:48
  love
• 1:18:48
  the
• 1:18:48
  adventures
• 1:18:49
  of
• 1:18:49
  living
• 1:18:49
  out.
• 1:18:50
  So
• 1:18:50
  he
• 1:18:50
  actually
• 1:18:50
  wrote
• 1:18:50
  on
• 1:18:51
  the
• 1:18:51
  back
• 1:18:51
  of
• 1:18:51
  an
• 1:18:51
  envelope,
• 1:18:52
  in
• 1:18:52
  1939
• 1:18:54
  or
• 1:18:54
  1940,
• 1:18:56
  there
• 1:18:56
  were
• 1:18:57
  four
• 1:18:57
  children
• 1:18:57
  whose
• 1:18:58
  names
• 1:18:58
  were
• 1:18:58
  Anne
• 1:18:58
  and
• 1:18:59
  Peter
• 1:18:59
  and
• 1:19:00
  Martin
• 1:19:00
  and
• 1:19:00
  Rose,
• 1:19:01
  and
• 1:19:01
  they
• 1:19:01
  were
• 1:19:02
  sent
• 1:19:02
  out
• 1:19:02
  to
• 1:19:02
  the
• 1:19:02
  country
• 1:19:02
  during
• 1:19:03
  the
• 1:19:03
  Blitz.
• 1:19:04
  And
• 1:19:04
  then
• 1:19:04
  he
• 1:19:04
  put
• 1:19:04
  away
• 1:19:05
  that
• 1:19:05
  paragraph
• 1:19:05
  for
• 1:19:06
  10
• 1:19:06
  years.
• 1:19:06
  He
• 1:19:06
  didn't
• 1:19:07
  get
• 1:19:07
  back
• 1:19:07
  to
• 1:19:07
  it
• 1:19:07
  to
• 1:19:08
  the
• 1:19:08
  late
• 1:19:08
  40s.
• 1:19:09
  He
• 1:19:09
  was
• 1:19:09
  reading
• 1:19:10
  Edith
• 1:19:10
  Nesbit,
• 1:19:10
  he
• 1:19:11
  really
• 1:19:11
  liked
• 1:19:12
  in
• 1:19:12
  her
• 1:19:12
  stories,
• 1:19:13
  a
• 1:19:14
  group
• 1:19:14
  of
• 1:19:14
  children
• 1:19:14
  will
• 1:19:15
  have
• 1:19:15
  an
• 1:19:15
  adventure.
• 1:19:16
  It
• 1:19:16
  won't
• 1:19:16
  just
• 1:19:16
  be
• 1:19:16
  a
• 1:19:17
  solo
• 1:19:17
  like
• 1:19:17
  Alice
• 1:19:18
  in
• 1:19:18
  Wonderland
• 1:19:19
  or
• 1:19:21
  wizard
• 1:19:22
  of
• 1:19:22
  Oz
• 1:19:22
  type
• 1:19:23
  characters.
• 1:19:24
  So
• 1:19:24
  I
• 1:19:24
  would
• 1:19:24
  say
• 1:19:24
  that
• 1:19:25
  story
• 1:19:25
  has
• 1:19:25
  been
• 1:19:25
  much
• 1:19:26
  overrated.
• 1:19:27
  He
• 1:19:27
  did
• 1:19:27
  believe
• 1:19:28
  that
• 1:19:28
  you
• 1:19:28
  can
• 1:19:29
  appeal
• 1:19:29
  to
• 1:19:29
  the
• 1:19:29
  imagination
• 1:19:30
  more
• 1:19:31
  easily
• 1:19:31
  than
• 1:19:31
  to
• 1:19:32
  the
• 1:19:32
  intellect.
• 1:19:33
  If
• 1:19:33
  somebody
• 1:19:33
  gives
• 1:19:33
  you
• 1:19:33
  three
• 1:19:34
  arguments
• 1:19:34
  for
• 1:19:34
  the
• 1:19:34
  existence
• 1:19:35
  of
• 1:19:35
  God,
• 1:19:36
  you
• 1:19:36
  tend
• 1:19:37
  to
• 1:19:37
  get
• 1:19:37
  your
• 1:19:37
  defenses
• 1:19:38
  up
• 1:19:38
  and
• 1:19:38
  you
• 1:19:39
  already
• 1:19:39
  have
• 1:19:39
  rebuttals
• 1:19:40
  even
• 1:19:40
  before
• 1:19:40
  you
• 1:19:40
  finish
• 1:19:41
  hearing
• 1:19:41
  the
• 1:19:41
  argument.
• 1:19:42
  But
• 1:19:42
  if
• 1:19:42
  somebody
• 1:19:43
  says
• 1:19:43
  there
• 1:19:44
  was
• 1:19:44
  a
• 1:19:44
  great
• 1:19:44
  lion
• 1:19:45
  and
• 1:19:45
  he
• 1:19:45
  came
• 1:19:45
  from
• 1:19:46
  the
• 1:19:46
  over
• 1:19:46
  the
• 1:19:46
  sea
• 1:19:47
  and
• 1:19:48
  somehow
• 1:19:49
  he
• 1:19:49
  called
• 1:19:50
  it
• 1:19:50
  sneaking
• 1:19:51
  past
• 1:19:51
  those
• 1:19:51
  watchful
• 1:19:52
  dragons
• 1:19:53
  of
• 1:19:53
  Sunday
• 1:19:54
  school
• 1:19:54
  lessons
• 1:19:54
  and
• 1:19:55
  flannel
• 1:19:55
  graph
• 1:19:55
  and
• 1:19:56
  all
• 1:19:56
  that
• 1:19:56
  kind
• 1:19:56
  of
• 1:19:56
  thing.
• 1:19:57
  So
• 1:19:57
  my
• 1:19:57
  answer
• 1:19:58
  would
• 1:19:58
  be,
• 1:19:59
  I
• 1:20:00
  think
• 1:20:00
  he
• 1:20:00
  did
• 1:20:01
  get
• 1:20:01
  more
• 1:20:01
  interested
• 1:20:02
  in
• 1:20:02
  literature,
• 1:20:03
  in
• 1:20:03
  imagination,
• 1:20:04
  but
• 1:20:05
  the
• 1:20:05
  process
• 1:20:05
  was
• 1:20:05
  already
• 1:20:06
  happening.
• 1:20:06
  I
• 1:20:06
  don't
• 1:20:06
  think
• 1:20:07
  the
• 1:20:07
  debate.
• 1:20:08
  The
• 1:20:09
  debate
• 1:20:09
  was
• 1:20:09
  very
• 1:20:09
  subjective.
• 1:20:10
  Some
• 1:20:11
  people
• 1:20:11
  thought
• 1:20:11
  that
• 1:20:11
  Lewis
• 1:20:11
  did
• 1:20:12
  fine,
• 1:20:12
  but
• 1:20:13
  Louis
• 1:20:13
  himself
• 1:20:13
  felt
• 1:20:14
  that
• 1:20:14
  he'd
• 1:20:14
  fallen
• 1:20:15
  flat.
• 1:20:17
  But
• 1:20:19
  my
• 1:20:19
  short
• 1:20:19
  answer
• 1:20:20
  would
• 1:20:20
  be,
• 1:20:20
  that's
• 1:20:20
  been
• 1:20:21
  overemphasized.
• 1:20:22
  The
• 1:20:22
  debate
• 1:20:22
  leading
• 1:20:23
  to
• 1:20:23
  his
• 1:20:23
  writing
• 1:20:24
  fiction
• 1:20:24
  rather
• 1:20:25
  than
• 1:20:25
  apologetics.
• 1:20:27
  Well,
• 1:20:27
  if
• 1:20:27
  we
• 1:20:27
  had
• 1:20:27
  a
• 1:20:27
  little
• 1:20:27
  bit
• 1:20:27
  of
• 1:20:28
  humble
• 1:20:28
  pie
• 1:20:29
  that
• 1:20:30
  created
• 1:20:30
  Narnia,
• 1:20:31
  I'm
• 1:20:31
  all
• 1:20:31
  for
• 1:20:31
  it.
• 1:20:33
  But
• 1:20:34
  wasn't
• 1:20:34
  it
• 1:20:34
  like
• 1:20:34
  Tolkien
• 1:20:35
  Was
• 1:20:35
  a
• 1:20:35
  little.
• 1:20:36
  Was
• 1:20:36
  kind
• 1:20:36
  of
• 1:20:36
  a
• 1:20:36
  harsh
• 1:20:37
  critic
• 1:20:37
  towards
• 1:20:38
  the
• 1:20:38
  Narnia
• 1:20:38
  books
• 1:20:39
  as
• 1:20:39
  well.
• 1:20:39
  He
• 1:20:39
  was.
• 1:20:40
  And
• 1:20:40
  that
• 1:20:40
  created
• 1:20:41
  a
• 1:20:41
  little
• 1:20:41
  icy
• 1:20:42
  towards
• 1:20:42
  the
• 1:20:42
  end
• 1:20:42
  of
• 1:20:42
  their
• 1:20:43
  relationship.
• 1:20:44
  Didn't
• 1:20:44
  end
• 1:20:45
  on
• 1:20:45
  great
• 1:20:45
  terms
• 1:20:45
  just
• 1:20:46
  because
• 1:20:47
  Lewis
• 1:20:48
  built
• 1:20:48
  up
• 1:20:48
  Tolkien's
• 1:20:49
  like,
• 1:20:49
  I
• 1:20:49
  love
• 1:20:49
  your
• 1:20:49
  stuff.
• 1:20:50
  You
• 1:20:50
  should
• 1:20:50
  do
• 1:20:50
  it.
• 1:20:50
  And
• 1:20:50
  he's
• 1:20:50
  like,
• 1:20:51
  what
• 1:20:51
  do
• 1:20:51
  you
• 1:20:51
  think
• 1:20:51
  about
• 1:20:51
  this?
• 1:20:51
  He's
• 1:20:52
  like
• 1:20:53
  too
• 1:20:53
  metaphorical,
• 1:20:54
  you
• 1:20:54
  know,
• 1:20:54
  that
• 1:20:55
  kind
• 1:20:55
  of
• 1:20:55
  thing.
• 1:20:55
  Yeah.
• 1:20:55
  He
• 1:20:55
  didn't
• 1:20:56
  like
• 1:20:56
  the
• 1:20:56
  allegory.
• 1:20:56
  He
• 1:20:57
  says
• 1:20:57
  in
• 1:20:57
  the
• 1:20:57
  preface
• 1:20:58
  to
• 1:20:58
  Lord
• 1:20:58
  of
• 1:20:58
  the
• 1:20:58
  Rings.
• 1:20:59
  I
• 1:20:59
  dislike
• 1:21:00
  allegory
• 1:21:00
  in
• 1:21:00
  all
• 1:21:01
  its
• 1:21:01
  forms.
• 1:21:01
  I
• 1:21:01
  prefer
• 1:21:02
  history,
• 1:21:03
  even
• 1:21:03
  feigned
• 1:21:04
  history.
• 1:21:05
  Now,
• 1:21:05
  he
• 1:21:05
  did
• 1:21:05
  give
• 1:21:06
  a
• 1:21:06
  copy
• 1:21:06
  of
• 1:21:06
  the
• 1:21:06
  Narnia
• 1:21:07
  Chronicles
• 1:21:07
  to
• 1:21:07
  his
• 1:21:07
  own
• 1:21:08
  granddaughter.
• 1:21:08
  So
• 1:21:09
  once
• 1:21:09
  again
• 1:21:09
  that
• 1:21:09
  could
• 1:21:09
  be
• 1:21:10
  overstated.
• 1:21:11
  He
• 1:21:11
  didn't
• 1:21:12
  like
• 1:21:12
  the
• 1:21:12
  fact
• 1:21:12
  that
• 1:21:13
  Narnia
• 1:21:13
  was
• 1:21:13
  such
• 1:21:13
  a
• 1:21:14
  mishmash.
• 1:21:15
  The
• 1:21:15
  Lord
• 1:21:15
  of
• 1:21:15
  the
• 1:21:15
  Rings,
• 1:21:15
  it's
• 1:21:16
  all
• 1:21:16
  Nordic
• 1:21:17
  Germanic
• 1:21:19
  motifs
• 1:21:19
  or
• 1:21:20
  mythology.
• 1:21:20
  The
• 1:21:21
  trolls,
• 1:21:21
  the
• 1:21:22
  wizards,
• 1:21:23
  all
• 1:21:23
  the
• 1:21:24
  characters
• 1:21:24
  except
• 1:21:24
  for
• 1:21:25
  hobbits
• 1:21:25
  you
• 1:21:25
  can
• 1:21:25
  find
• 1:21:26
  in
• 1:21:26
  Norse
• 1:21:26
  literature
• 1:21:27
  like
• 1:21:27
  the
• 1:21:27
  Elder
• 1:21:27
  Eddas
• 1:21:28
  and
• 1:21:28
  the
• 1:21:28
  Poetic
• 1:21:29
  Eddas.
• 1:21:30
  And
• 1:21:30
  whereas
• 1:21:30
  Lewis,
• 1:21:31
  oh,
• 1:21:31
  let's
• 1:21:31
  bring
• 1:21:31
  in
• 1:21:32
  Bacchus
• 1:21:32
  and
• 1:21:32
  let's
• 1:21:33
  bring
• 1:21:33
  in
• 1:21:33
  a
• 1:21:33
  lion.
• 1:21:35
  He
• 1:21:35
  thought
• 1:21:35
  it
• 1:21:35
  was
• 1:21:36
  too
• 1:21:37
  much
• 1:21:37
  of
• 1:21:37
  an
• 1:21:37
  amalgam
• 1:21:38
  or
• 1:21:38
  a
• 1:21:38
  mishmash.
• 1:21:40
  Father.
• 1:21:40
  Father
• 1:21:41
  Christmas.
• 1:21:41
  Right.
• 1:21:42
  I
• 1:21:42
  think
• 1:21:42
  the
• 1:21:42
  reason
• 1:21:43
  Father
• 1:21:43
  Christmas
• 1:21:43
  shows
• 1:21:44
  up
• 1:21:44
  in
• 1:21:45
  one
• 1:21:45
  line
• 1:21:45
  which
• 1:21:45
  the
• 1:21:46
  wardrobe.
• 1:21:46
  There's
• 1:21:46
  a
• 1:21:46
  picture
• 1:21:46
  of
• 1:21:47
  Lewis
• 1:21:47
  as
• 1:21:47
  a
• 1:21:47
  4
• 1:21:47
  year
• 1:21:48
  old
• 1:21:48
  and
• 1:21:48
  he's
• 1:21:49
  pulling
• 1:21:49
  this
• 1:21:49
  little
• 1:21:49
  Father
• 1:21:50
  Christmas
• 1:21:50
  on
• 1:21:50
  a
• 1:21:51
  donkey.
• 1:21:52
  And
• 1:21:52
  in
• 1:21:53
  many
• 1:21:53
  ways
• 1:21:53
  Narnia
• 1:21:54
  is.
• 1:21:54
  Lewis
• 1:21:55
  is
• 1:21:55
  writing
• 1:21:55
  it
• 1:21:55
  for
• 1:21:55
  the
• 1:21:55
  child
• 1:21:56
  in
• 1:21:56
  himself.
• 1:21:57
  The
• 1:21:57
  setting
• 1:21:58
  is
• 1:21:58
  Lewis's
• 1:21:59
  own
• 1:21:59
  childhood.
• 1:22:00
  He
• 1:22:00
  says
• 1:22:00
  it
• 1:22:00
  was
• 1:22:01
  the
• 1:22:01
  time
• 1:22:01
  of
• 1:22:01
  the
• 1:22:01
  Bastables
• 1:22:02
  and
• 1:22:02
  Sherlock
• 1:22:03
  Holmes.
• 1:22:03
  And
• 1:22:04
  so
• 1:22:04
  the
• 1:22:05
  setting
• 1:22:05
  of
• 1:22:05
  the
• 1:22:05
  early
• 1:22:05
  stories
• 1:22:06
  is
• 1:22:06
  the
• 1:22:07
  first
• 1:22:07
  decade
• 1:22:07
  of
• 1:22:08
  the
• 1:22:08
  20th
• 1:22:09
  century.
• 1:22:09
  It's
• 1:22:09
  not
• 1:22:10
  Lewis's
• 1:22:10
  own
• 1:22:11
  decade.
• 1:22:12
  Yeah.
• 1:22:13
  So
• 1:22:14
  I
• 1:22:14
  forgot
• 1:22:15
  what
• 1:22:15
  I'm
• 1:22:15
  talking
• 1:22:15
  about.
• 1:22:17
  But
• 1:22:18
  I
• 1:22:18
  do
• 1:22:18
  think
• 1:22:18
  they
• 1:22:18
  had
• 1:22:19
  their
• 1:22:19
  falling
• 1:22:19
  out.
• 1:22:20
  Had
• 1:22:20
  several
• 1:22:20
  stages.
• 1:22:21
  It
• 1:22:21
  has
• 1:22:21
  been
• 1:22:21
  exaggerated.
• 1:22:23
  Lewis's
• 1:22:24
  talking
• 1:22:24
  Sunset.
• 1:22:25
  I
• 1:22:25
  drove
• 1:22:25
  him
• 1:22:25
  out
• 1:22:26
  to
• 1:22:26
  the
• 1:22:26
  kilns
• 1:22:27
  once
• 1:22:27
  a
• 1:22:27
  week
• 1:22:28
  and
• 1:22:28
  they
• 1:22:28
  would
• 1:22:28
  sit
• 1:22:28
  and
• 1:22:28
  talk
• 1:22:28
  and
• 1:22:29
  smoke
• 1:22:29
  cigars.
• 1:22:31
  Talking.
• 1:22:31
  Didn't
• 1:22:32
  like
• 1:22:32
  when
• 1:22:32
  George.
• 1:22:33
  When
• 1:22:33
  Charles
• 1:22:33
  Williams
• 1:22:34
  showed
• 1:22:34
  up
• 1:22:34
  in
• 1:22:34
  1940,
• 1:22:36
  he
• 1:22:36
  kind
• 1:22:36
  of
• 1:22:36
  became
• 1:22:37
  Lewis's
• 1:22:37
  new
• 1:22:38
  best
• 1:22:38
  friend.
• 1:22:39
  And
• 1:22:39
  Tolkien
• 1:22:40
  wanted
• 1:22:40
  to
• 1:22:40
  be
• 1:22:41
  the
• 1:22:41
  best
• 1:22:41
  friend,
• 1:22:41
  not
• 1:22:42
  the
• 1:22:42
  second
• 1:22:42
  best
• 1:22:43
  friend.
• 1:22:44
  And
• 1:22:44
  then
• 1:22:44
  writing
• 1:22:45
  Narnia
• 1:22:45
  didn't
• 1:22:46
  help.
• 1:22:46
  And
• 1:22:47
  then
• 1:22:47
  thirdly,
• 1:22:47
  when
• 1:22:47
  Joy
• 1:22:48
  Davidman
• 1:22:48
  came
• 1:22:49
  along
• 1:22:49
  in
• 1:22:49
  the.
• 1:22:49
  In
• 1:22:49
  the
• 1:22:50
  50s,
• 1:22:51
  they
• 1:22:51
  had
• 1:22:51
  an
• 1:22:51
  unwritten
• 1:22:52
  rule
• 1:22:52
  that
• 1:22:52
  women
• 1:22:53
  didn't
• 1:22:53
  participate
• 1:22:54
  in
• 1:22:54
  the
• 1:22:54
  Inklings
• 1:22:54
  meetings
• 1:22:55
  because
• 1:22:56
  their
• 1:22:56
  wives
• 1:22:56
  were
• 1:22:56
  very
• 1:22:57
  traditional
• 1:22:57
  wives
• 1:22:58
  of
• 1:22:59
  cooks
• 1:22:59
  and
• 1:23:00
  what
• 1:23:00
  is
• 1:23:00
  the
• 1:23:01
  German
• 1:23:01
  phrase?
• 1:23:01
  Kirche
• 1:23:02
  kuka
• 1:23:02
  kenter.
• 1:23:04
  The
• 1:23:04
  domain
• 1:23:04
  of
• 1:23:05
  the
• 1:23:05
  wife
• 1:23:05
  is
• 1:23:05
  the
• 1:23:05
  church
• 1:23:06
  and
• 1:23:06
  the
• 1:23:06
  kitchen
• 1:23:07
  and
• 1:23:07
  the
• 1:23:07
  children.
• 1:23:08
  But
• 1:23:08
  When
• 1:23:09
  Joy
• 1:23:09
  Davidman
• 1:23:09
  showed
• 1:23:10
  up,
• 1:23:10
  she
• 1:23:10
  was
• 1:23:10
  so
• 1:23:10
  different.
• 1:23:10
  Lewis
• 1:23:11
  says,
• 1:23:11
  hey,
• 1:23:11
  you
• 1:23:12
  should
• 1:23:12
  come
• 1:23:12
  to
• 1:23:12
  our
• 1:23:12
  meeting.
• 1:23:13
  And
• 1:23:13
  all
• 1:23:13
  the
• 1:23:13
  other
• 1:23:14
  inkling.
• 1:23:14
  Wait
• 1:23:14
  a
• 1:23:14
  minute.
• 1:23:15
  For
• 1:23:15
  30
• 1:23:15
  years
• 1:23:16
  we
• 1:23:16
  haven't
• 1:23:16
  had
• 1:23:17
  women
• 1:23:17
  attending
• 1:23:17
  and
• 1:23:18
  now
• 1:23:18
  you're
• 1:23:18
  bringing
• 1:23:18
  your
• 1:23:18
  wife
• 1:23:19
  here?
• 1:23:20
  Yeah,
• 1:23:20
  so
• 1:23:20
  those.
• 1:23:21
  But
• 1:23:21
  he
• 1:23:21
  did,
• 1:23:22
  they
• 1:23:22
  did
• 1:23:22
  stay
• 1:23:22
  in
• 1:23:23
  touch
• 1:23:23
  and
• 1:23:23
  he
• 1:23:23
  would
• 1:23:23
  go
• 1:23:24
  visit
• 1:23:24
  Lewis
• 1:23:25
  once
• 1:23:25
  a
• 1:23:25
  week.
• 1:23:26
  When
• 1:23:26
  Lewis
• 1:23:27
  died,
• 1:23:27
  Tolkien
• 1:23:28
  said,
• 1:23:29
  you
• 1:23:29
  know,
• 1:23:30
  the
• 1:23:30
  loss
• 1:23:30
  of
• 1:23:30
  other
• 1:23:30
  friends
• 1:23:30
  has
• 1:23:31
  been
• 1:23:31
  like
• 1:23:31
  the
• 1:23:31
  falling
• 1:23:32
  of
• 1:23:32
  autumn
• 1:23:32
  leaves.
• 1:23:33
  But
• 1:23:33
  when
• 1:23:34
  Lewis
• 1:23:34
  died,
• 1:23:34
  I
• 1:23:35
  felt
• 1:23:35
  like
• 1:23:35
  somebody
• 1:23:36
  had
• 1:23:36
  chopped
• 1:23:36
  down
• 1:23:37
  the
• 1:23:37
  trunk
• 1:23:37
  of
• 1:23:37
  the
• 1:23:38
  tree
• 1:23:38
  at
• 1:23:38
  the
• 1:23:38
  base.
• 1:23:39
  So
• 1:23:39
  he
• 1:23:39
  had
• 1:23:40
  a
• 1:23:40
  very
• 1:23:40
  profound
• 1:23:41
  reaction
• 1:23:42
  to
• 1:23:42
  Lewis's
• 1:23:43
  passing.
• 1:23:47
  Thank
• 1:23:47
  you
• 1:23:47
  both.
• 1:23:48
  This
• 1:23:48
  is
• 1:23:48
  such
• 1:23:49
  a
• 1:23:49
  gift
• 1:23:49
  after
• 1:23:51
  I
• 1:23:51
  graduate
• 1:23:52
  from
• 1:23:52
  college.
• 1:23:55
  So
• 1:23:56
  this
• 1:23:57
  is
• 1:23:57
  the
• 1:23:57
  1700th
• 1:23:58
  anniversary
• 1:23:59
  of.
• 1:23:59
  The
• 1:23:59
  Nicene
• 1:23:59
  Creed,
• 1:24:00
  I
• 1:24:00
  think
• 1:24:00
  this
• 1:24:00
  year.
• 1:24:02
  And
• 1:24:02
  David,
• 1:24:02
  you
• 1:24:03
  mentioned
• 1:24:03
  that
• 1:24:03
  Lewis
• 1:24:03
  was.
• 1:24:04
  More
• 1:24:04
  committed
• 1:24:04
  to
• 1:24:04
  sort
• 1:24:05
  of
• 1:24:06
  narratives.
• 1:24:06
  And
• 1:24:07
  Crystal
• 1:24:08
  noted
• 1:24:08
  that
• 1:24:08
  this
• 1:24:08
  tension
• 1:24:09
  that.
• 1:24:09
  Many
• 1:24:09
  generations
• 1:24:10
  of
• 1:24:10
  Christians
• 1:24:10
  wrestled
• 1:24:11
  with
• 1:24:11
  and
• 1:24:12
  how
• 1:24:12
  can
• 1:24:12
  God
• 1:24:13
  be
• 1:24:13
  human
• 1:24:14
  still
• 1:24:14
  like.
• 1:24:15
  Figured
• 1:24:16
  that
• 1:24:16
  one
• 1:24:16
  out
• 1:24:17
  that
• 1:24:17
  to
• 1:24:17
  the
• 1:24:17
  satisfaction
• 1:24:18
  of
• 1:24:18
  all
• 1:24:19
  professing
• 1:24:19
  Christians.
• 1:24:20
  So
• 1:24:20
  I'm
• 1:24:20
  wondering
• 1:24:21
  what
• 1:24:21
  you
• 1:24:21
  see
• 1:24:22
  in
• 1:24:22
  Lewis
• 1:24:22
  and
• 1:24:23
  Tolkien
• 1:24:23
  and
• 1:24:23
  Sayers
• 1:24:24
  and
• 1:24:24
  their
• 1:24:24
  struggle
• 1:24:25
  with
• 1:24:25
  these
• 1:24:25
  questions
• 1:24:26
  that
• 1:24:26
  might
• 1:24:26
  inform
• 1:24:27
  us
• 1:24:27
  today
• 1:24:28
  as
• 1:24:28
  we,
• 1:24:28
  we
• 1:24:28
  continue
• 1:24:30
  to
• 1:24:31
  wrestle
• 1:24:32
  with
• 1:24:33
  how
• 1:24:34
  we
• 1:24:34
  live
• 1:24:34
  in
• 1:24:34
  community,
• 1:24:35
  how
• 1:24:35
  we
• 1:24:35
  think
• 1:24:35
  about
• 1:24:36
  God
• 1:24:36
  is
• 1:24:36
  in
• 1:24:36
  our
• 1:24:37
  world
• 1:24:38
  in
• 1:24:38
  a
• 1:24:38
  very
• 1:24:38
  unique
• 1:24:40
  political.
• 1:24:46
  Both
• 1:24:46
  Lewis
• 1:24:47
  and
• 1:24:47
  Sayers
• 1:24:48
  said
• 1:24:49
  that
• 1:24:49
  the
• 1:24:49
  essence
• 1:24:50
  of
• 1:24:50
  Christian
• 1:24:50
  doctrine
• 1:24:51
  was
• 1:24:51
  established
• 1:24:52
  in
• 1:24:52
  the
• 1:24:52
  first
• 1:24:52
  four
• 1:24:53
  ecumenical
• 1:24:53
  councils.
• 1:24:54
  They
• 1:24:54
  both
• 1:24:54
  agreed
• 1:24:55
  on
• 1:24:55
  that.
• 1:24:57
  And
• 1:24:58
  since
• 1:24:58
  then,
• 1:24:59
  there
• 1:24:59
  are
• 1:25:00
  different
• 1:25:01
  definitions
• 1:25:01
  of
• 1:25:02
  how
• 1:25:02
  that
• 1:25:02
  becomes
• 1:25:03
  manifest,
• 1:25:04
  but
• 1:25:04
  they
• 1:25:05
  were
• 1:25:05
  comfortable
• 1:25:06
  with
• 1:25:06
  that.
• 1:25:09
  You
• 1:25:09
  know,
• 1:25:09
  the
• 1:25:10
  whole
• 1:25:10
  idea
• 1:25:10
  of
• 1:25:10
  denominationalism
• 1:25:13
  that.
• 1:25:13
  And
• 1:25:14
  that
• 1:25:14
  also
• 1:25:14
  kind
• 1:25:15
  of
• 1:25:15
  has
• 1:25:16
  an
• 1:25:16
  anti
• 1:25:16
  docetic
• 1:25:18
  element
• 1:25:19
  because
• 1:25:20
  docetism
• 1:25:21
  just
• 1:25:22
  implies
• 1:25:23
  it's
• 1:25:23
  just
• 1:25:24
  all
• 1:25:25
  an
• 1:25:26
  intellectual
• 1:25:28
  ascent.
• 1:25:29
  But
• 1:25:30
  we're
• 1:25:30
  all
• 1:25:31
  flesh.
• 1:25:32
  We're
• 1:25:33
  all
• 1:25:33
  embedded
• 1:25:34
  in
• 1:25:35
  a
• 1:25:35
  certain
• 1:25:35
  cultural
• 1:25:36
  moment.
• 1:25:37
  And
• 1:25:38
  that
• 1:25:38
  is
• 1:25:38
  going
• 1:25:38
  to
• 1:25:38
  make
• 1:25:39
  a
• 1:25:39
  difference
• 1:25:40
  to
• 1:25:41
  how
• 1:25:41
  we
• 1:25:42
  talk
• 1:25:43
  about
• 1:25:43
  our
• 1:25:44
  faith.
• 1:25:45
  But
• 1:25:45
  also,
• 1:25:46
  and
• 1:25:46
  that's
• 1:25:46
  why
• 1:25:47
  I
• 1:25:47
  wanted
• 1:25:47
  to
• 1:25:47
  bring
• 1:25:47
  in
• 1:25:47
  technology,
• 1:25:49
  you
• 1:25:49
  know,
• 1:25:49
  how
• 1:25:49
  can
• 1:25:50
  we
• 1:25:51
  just
• 1:25:51
  as
• 1:25:51
  Sayers
• 1:25:52
  use
• 1:25:52
  the
• 1:25:52
  radio,
• 1:25:53
  just
• 1:25:53
  as
• 1:25:54
  Martin
• 1:25:54
  Luther
• 1:25:55
  used
• 1:25:56
  the
• 1:25:56
  printing
• 1:25:57
  press
• 1:25:58
  and
• 1:25:58
  didn't
• 1:26:00
  defy
• 1:26:01
  it,
• 1:26:01
  even
• 1:26:01
  though
• 1:26:02
  both
• 1:26:02
  were
• 1:26:03
  being
• 1:26:04
  used
• 1:26:04
  for.
• 1:26:05
  They
• 1:26:05
  had
• 1:26:05
  negative
• 1:26:06
  consequences
• 1:26:07
  as
• 1:26:07
  well.
• 1:26:09
  But
• 1:26:11
  when
• 1:26:11
  I
• 1:26:11
  talk
• 1:26:11
  about
• 1:26:12
  community,
• 1:26:14
  the
• 1:26:14
  hard
• 1:26:15
  part
• 1:26:16
  is
• 1:26:17
  to
• 1:26:17
  join
• 1:26:17
  together
• 1:26:19
  quite
• 1:26:19
  self
• 1:26:20
  consciously
• 1:26:20
  in
• 1:26:21
  community,
• 1:26:22
  even
• 1:26:22
  with
• 1:26:22
  people
• 1:26:23
  we
• 1:26:23
  disagree
• 1:26:24
  with.
• 1:26:28
  And
• 1:26:28
  the
• 1:26:29
  polarization
• 1:26:30
  we're
• 1:26:30
  feeling
• 1:26:30
  now
• 1:26:30
  is
• 1:26:31
  just
• 1:26:31
  like,
• 1:26:32
  you
• 1:26:32
  know,
• 1:26:33
  we're
• 1:26:33
  right,
• 1:26:34
  they're
• 1:26:34
  wrong.
• 1:26:36
  And
• 1:26:40
  I
• 1:26:40
  put
• 1:26:40
  it
• 1:26:40
  in
• 1:26:40
  one
• 1:26:40
  of
• 1:26:41
  my
• 1:26:41
  books
• 1:26:41
  on
• 1:26:41
  Sayers
• 1:26:42
  that
• 1:26:44
  rather
• 1:26:45
  than
• 1:26:45
  for
• 1:26:46
  me
• 1:26:46
  to
• 1:26:46
  live
• 1:26:46
  as
• 1:26:46
  Christ,
• 1:26:48
  too
• 1:26:49
  many
• 1:26:49
  evangelicals
• 1:26:50
  today,
• 1:26:51
  it's
• 1:26:52
  for
• 1:26:53
  me
• 1:26:53
  to
• 1:26:53
  live
• 1:26:53
  is
• 1:26:54
  my
• 1:26:54
  party's
• 1:26:55
  political
• 1:26:56
  platform.
• 1:26:56
  And
• 1:26:57
  I
• 1:26:57
  use
• 1:26:57
  Christ
• 1:26:57
  as
• 1:26:58
  a
• 1:26:58
  prop
• 1:26:58
  to
• 1:26:59
  hold
• 1:26:59
  it
• 1:26:59
  up.
• 1:27:00
  Amen.
• 1:27:02
  And
• 1:27:04
  but
• 1:27:04
  we
• 1:27:04
  need
• 1:27:04
  to
• 1:27:05
  be
• 1:27:06
  in
• 1:27:06
  conversation,
• 1:27:07
  uncomfortable
• 1:27:09
  conversations
• 1:27:10
  with
• 1:27:11
  other
• 1:27:11
  Christians.
• 1:27:12
  And
• 1:27:13
  none
• 1:27:13
  of
• 1:27:13
  us
• 1:27:13
  likes,
• 1:27:14
  you
• 1:27:14
  know,
• 1:27:14
  to
• 1:27:14
  be
• 1:27:15
  uncomfortable.
• 1:27:17
  But
• 1:27:17
  I
• 1:27:17
  think
• 1:27:17
  it's
• 1:27:17
  important.
• 1:27:21
  I
• 1:27:21
  would
• 1:27:22
  add
• 1:27:23
  the
• 1:27:23
  idea
• 1:27:23
  of
• 1:27:24
  inclusiveness.
• 1:27:25
  Luth,
• 1:27:26
  you
• 1:27:26
  can
• 1:27:27
  tell
• 1:27:27
  in
• 1:27:27
  the
• 1:27:27
  Narnia
• 1:27:27
  Chronicles,
• 1:27:28
  a
• 1:27:28
  lot
• 1:27:28
  of
• 1:27:28
  different
• 1:27:29
  preachers
• 1:27:29
  become
• 1:27:30
  followers
• 1:27:30
  of
• 1:27:31
  Aslan.
• 1:27:32
  He
• 1:27:32
  liked
• 1:27:32
  the
• 1:27:33
  phrase
• 1:27:33
  mere
• 1:27:33
  Christianity
• 1:27:34
  because
• 1:27:35
  he.
• 1:27:35
  He
• 1:27:35
  grew
• 1:27:35
  up
• 1:27:35
  in
• 1:27:36
  Northern
• 1:27:36
  Ireland,
• 1:27:36
  and
• 1:27:37
  Catholics
• 1:27:37
  and
• 1:27:38
  Protestants
• 1:27:38
  were
• 1:27:39
  literally
• 1:27:39
  killing
• 1:27:39
  each
• 1:27:40
  other.
• 1:27:40
  Not
• 1:27:40
  just
• 1:27:40
  debating,
• 1:27:41
  but
• 1:27:41
  killing
• 1:27:41
  each
• 1:27:41
  other.
• 1:27:42
  So
• 1:27:42
  he
• 1:27:43
  lost
• 1:27:43
  his
• 1:27:43
  faith
• 1:27:43
  for
• 1:27:44
  most
• 1:27:44
  of
• 1:27:44
  his
• 1:27:44
  teens
• 1:27:44
  and
• 1:27:45
  twenties.
• 1:27:45
  When
• 1:27:46
  he
• 1:27:46
  came
• 1:27:46
  back
• 1:27:46
  to
• 1:27:46
  faith,
• 1:27:47
  his
• 1:27:47
  best
• 1:27:48
  friend
• 1:27:48
  was
• 1:27:49
  J.R.
• 1:27:50
  tolkien,
• 1:27:50
  and
• 1:27:51
  he
• 1:27:51
  went
• 1:27:51
  to
• 1:27:51
  orthodox
• 1:27:52
  services.
• 1:27:52
  He
• 1:27:52
  had
• 1:27:53
  friends
• 1:27:53
  that
• 1:27:53
  were
• 1:27:53
  orthodox.
• 1:27:54
  He
• 1:27:55
  really
• 1:27:55
  stressed
• 1:27:56
  that
• 1:27:56
  the
• 1:27:56
  unity
• 1:27:57
  of
• 1:27:57
  the
• 1:27:57
  body
• 1:27:57
  as
• 1:27:58
  opposed
• 1:27:58
  to
• 1:27:58
  denominations.
• 1:27:59
  Tolkien
• 1:28:00
  didn't
• 1:28:00
  totally
• 1:28:01
  buy
• 1:28:01
  it.
• 1:28:01
  She.
• 1:28:02
  He
• 1:28:03
  thought
• 1:28:03
  that
• 1:28:03
  Tolkien,
• 1:28:04
  Lewis
• 1:28:04
  still
• 1:28:04
  had
• 1:28:05
  a
• 1:28:05
  bit
• 1:28:05
  of
• 1:28:05
  that
• 1:28:06
  Northern
• 1:28:06
  Irish
• 1:28:07
  Protestantism
• 1:28:07
  in
• 1:28:08
  him.
• 1:28:08
  And
• 1:28:08
  he.
• 1:28:08
  Tolkien
• 1:28:09
  said,
• 1:28:09
  every
• 1:28:10
  once
• 1:28:10
  in
• 1:28:10
  a
• 1:28:10
  while,
• 1:28:10
  when
• 1:28:10
  I
• 1:28:10
  listened
• 1:28:11
  to
• 1:28:12
  Lewis,
• 1:28:12
  I.
• 1:28:13
  I
• 1:28:13
  feel
• 1:28:13
  a
• 1:28:13
  certain
• 1:28:14
  ulterior
• 1:28:15
  motive
• 1:28:15
  is
• 1:28:16
  the
• 1:28:16
  way
• 1:28:16
  he
• 1:28:16
  put
• 1:28:16
  it.
• 1:28:17
  But
• 1:28:17
  in
• 1:28:17
  general,
• 1:28:17
  I
• 1:28:18
  would
• 1:28:18
  stress
• 1:28:19
  the
• 1:28:19
  unity
• 1:28:19
  of
• 1:28:20
  all
• 1:28:20
  Christian
• 1:28:20
  faith.
• 1:28:21
  And
• 1:28:21
  the
• 1:28:21
  second
• 1:28:21
  thing
• 1:28:22
  was
• 1:28:22
  the
• 1:28:22
  power
• 1:28:22
  of
• 1:28:23
  appealing
• 1:28:23
  to
• 1:28:23
  imagination.
• 1:28:25
  If
• 1:28:25
  you
• 1:28:25
  go
• 1:28:25
  back
• 1:28:25
  to
• 1:28:26
  Jesus,
• 1:28:26
  somebody
• 1:28:26
  says,
• 1:28:27
  who
• 1:28:27
  is
• 1:28:27
  my
• 1:28:27
  neighbor?
• 1:28:28
  Jesus
• 1:28:28
  could
• 1:28:28
  have
• 1:28:29
  said,
• 1:28:29
  well,
• 1:28:29
  he's
• 1:28:29
  somebody
• 1:28:30
  who
• 1:28:30
  lives
• 1:28:30
  close
• 1:28:30
  to
• 1:28:30
  you
• 1:28:31
  or
• 1:28:31
  somebody
• 1:28:31
  who's
• 1:28:31
  in
• 1:28:31
  need
• 1:28:32
  that
• 1:28:32
  you
• 1:28:32
  could
• 1:28:32
  help.
• 1:28:33
  And
• 1:28:33
  none
• 1:28:33
  of
• 1:28:33
  us
• 1:28:33
  would
• 1:28:34
  remember
• 1:28:34
  Jesus's
• 1:28:35
  answer.
• 1:28:35
  But
• 1:28:35
  Jesus
• 1:28:36
  go,
• 1:28:36
  there
• 1:28:36
  was
• 1:28:36
  a
• 1:28:37
  man
• 1:28:37
  traveling
• 1:28:37
  and
• 1:28:38
  he
• 1:28:38
  was
• 1:28:38
  beset
• 1:28:38
  by
• 1:28:38
  Robert.
• 1:28:39
  And
• 1:28:39
  that
• 1:28:40
  story
• 1:28:40
  sinks
• 1:28:41
  in
• 1:28:41
  so
• 1:28:41
  much
• 1:28:41
  more
• 1:28:41
  deeply
• 1:28:42
  than
• 1:28:43
  just
• 1:28:43
  a
• 1:28:44
  prose
• 1:28:44
  answer
• 1:28:45
  would
• 1:28:45
  have
• 1:28:45
  done.
• 1:28:46
  So
• 1:28:46
  in
• 1:28:46
  many
• 1:28:47
  ways,
• 1:28:47
  Lewis
• 1:28:47
  and
• 1:28:47
  Tolkien
• 1:28:48
  are
• 1:28:48
  taking
• 1:28:48
  up
• 1:28:49
  the
• 1:28:49
  mantle
• 1:28:49
  from
• 1:28:50
  Jesus
• 1:28:50
  of
• 1:28:51
  telling
• 1:28:51
  stories,
• 1:28:52
  which
• 1:28:52
  really
• 1:28:52
  sink
• 1:28:53
  in
• 1:28:53
  as
• 1:28:54
  opposed
• 1:28:54
  to
• 1:28:54
  just
• 1:28:54
  propositional
• 1:28:55
  truth.
• 1:28:57
  I
• 1:28:57
  love
• 1:28:57
  that
• 1:28:58
  when
• 1:28:58
  you
• 1:28:58
  share
• 1:28:58
  that
• 1:28:58
  the
• 1:28:59
  token
• 1:28:59
  started
• 1:28:59
  with,
• 1:28:59
  you
• 1:29:00
  know,
• 1:29:00
  there
• 1:29:00
  was
• 1:29:00
  a
• 1:29:00
  hole
• 1:29:00
  in
• 1:29:00
  the
• 1:29:00
  ground,
• 1:29:01
  there.
• 1:29:01
  Was
• 1:29:01
  a
• 1:29:02
  hobbit
• 1:29:03
  hole
• 1:29:03
  in
• 1:29:03
  ground,
• 1:29:03
  there
• 1:29:04
  lived
• 1:29:04
  a
• 1:29:04
  hobbit.
• 1:29:04
  And
• 1:29:05
  there
• 1:29:05
  was
• 1:29:05
  a
• 1:29:05
  hole
• 1:29:05
  in
• 1:29:05
  ground,
• 1:29:05
  there
• 1:29:05
  lived
• 1:29:06
  a
• 1:29:06
  hobbit.
• 1:29:06
  And
• 1:29:06
  then,
• 1:29:06
  then,
• 1:29:07
  then
• 1:29:07
  the
• 1:29:07
  story
• 1:29:07
  goes.
• 1:29:08
  So
• 1:29:08
  that
• 1:29:08
  becomes
• 1:29:08
  a
• 1:29:08
  parable,
• 1:29:09
  that
• 1:29:10
  grand
• 1:29:10
  story
• 1:29:11
  that
• 1:29:11
  we
• 1:29:12
  dive
• 1:29:12
  into
• 1:29:13
  and
• 1:29:13
  derive
• 1:29:14
  meaning
• 1:29:14
  from
• 1:29:14
  and
• 1:29:15
  help
• 1:29:16
  frame
• 1:29:16
  lives.
• 1:29:17
  All
• 1:29:17
  right,
• 1:29:18
  so
• 1:29:18
  we're
• 1:29:19
  going
• 1:29:19
  to
• 1:29:19
  wrap
• 1:29:19
  up
• 1:29:19
  here
• 1:29:20
  in
• 1:29:20
  a
• 1:29:20
  minute.
• 1:29:20
  We
• 1:29:20
  do
• 1:29:20
  have
• 1:29:20
  a
• 1:29:20
  little
• 1:29:21
  book
• 1:29:21
  here,
• 1:29:22
  book
• 1:29:22
  table
• 1:29:22
  here
• 1:29:23
  with
• 1:29:23
  some
• 1:29:23
  books
• 1:29:23
  here
• 1:29:24
  that
• 1:29:24
  are
• 1:29:24
  free,
• 1:29:24
  free
• 1:29:24
  books.
• 1:29:27
  We
• 1:29:27
  remember
• 1:29:28
  Frank
• 1:29:28
  Makowski,
• 1:29:29
  who
• 1:29:29
  would
• 1:29:29
  be
• 1:29:29
  sitting
• 1:29:29
  here,
• 1:29:30
  front
• 1:29:30
  row
• 1:29:31
  for
• 1:29:31
  this
• 1:29:31
  thing.
• 1:29:32
  Some
• 1:29:32
  of
• 1:29:32
  the
• 1:29:32
  books
• 1:29:32
  on
• 1:29:33
  that
• 1:29:33
  table
• 1:29:33
  is
• 1:29:33
  from
• 1:29:33
  his
• 1:29:34
  own
• 1:29:34
  library,
• 1:29:35
  Dorothy
• 1:29:36
  Sayers
• 1:29:36
  and
• 1:29:36
  others.
• 1:29:37
  So
• 1:29:37
  if
• 1:29:37
  you
• 1:29:37
  want
• 1:29:38
  to
• 1:29:38
  grab
• 1:29:38
  one
• 1:29:38
  and
• 1:29:38
  take
• 1:29:38
  it
• 1:29:38
  home
• 1:29:39
  with
• 1:29:39
  you,
• 1:29:39
  you
• 1:29:39
  can,
• 1:29:39
  you
• 1:29:40
  can
• 1:29:40
  do
• 1:29:40
  that.
• 1:29:40
  So
• 1:29:40
  I'm
• 1:29:41
  going
• 1:29:41
  to
• 1:29:41
  ask
• 1:29:41
  one
• 1:29:41
  more
• 1:29:41
  question.
• 1:29:42
  And
• 1:29:42
  you,
• 1:29:42
  and
• 1:29:42
  you.
• 1:29:43
  It's
• 1:29:43
  going
• 1:29:43
  to
• 1:29:43
  be
• 1:29:43
  challenging,
• 1:29:44
  but
• 1:29:44
  if
• 1:29:44
  you
• 1:29:44
  had
• 1:29:44
  to
• 1:29:45
  pick
• 1:29:45
  like
• 1:29:46
  Just
• 1:29:46
  one.
• 1:29:47
  You're
• 1:29:47
  on
• 1:29:47
  an
• 1:29:47
  island
• 1:29:47
  and
• 1:29:48
  you
• 1:29:48
  had
• 1:29:48
  one
• 1:29:48
  book
• 1:29:49
  to
• 1:29:49
  take
• 1:29:50
  from,
• 1:29:51
  like,
• 1:29:51
  Dorothy
• 1:29:51
  sayers
• 1:29:52
  or
• 1:29:52
  Tolkien,
• 1:29:52
  C.S.
• 1:29:52
  lewis.
• 1:29:53
  Just
• 1:29:53
  one
• 1:29:55
  what?
• 1:29:55
  Which
• 1:29:56
  book
• 1:29:56
  would
• 1:29:56
  you
• 1:29:56
  take?
• 1:29:56
  You
• 1:29:57
  could
• 1:29:57
  only
• 1:29:57
  take
• 1:29:57
  one.
• 1:29:58
  You
• 1:29:58
  could
• 1:29:59
  only
• 1:29:59
  take
• 1:29:59
  one
• 1:30:00
  book,
• 1:30:00
  and
• 1:30:00
  that's
• 1:30:01
  going
• 1:30:01
  to
• 1:30:01
  be
• 1:30:01
  with
• 1:30:01
  you
• 1:30:01
  on
• 1:30:01
  the
• 1:30:01
  island
• 1:30:02
  for
• 1:30:02
  the
• 1:30:02
  duration.
• 1:30:03
  Do
• 1:30:03
  I
• 1:30:03
  have
• 1:30:03
  to
• 1:30:03
  take
• 1:30:03
  my
• 1:30:04
  husband?
• 1:30:04
  No,
• 1:30:04
  just.
• 1:30:05
  Just
• 1:30:05
  a
• 1:30:06
  book.
• 1:30:06
  So
• 1:30:07
  which
• 1:30:07
  one
• 1:30:07
  of
• 1:30:07
  the
• 1:30:07
  books
• 1:30:08
  from
• 1:30:08
  all
• 1:30:08
  three
• 1:30:08
  of
• 1:30:08
  those,
• 1:30:09
  which
• 1:30:09
  book
• 1:30:09
  are
• 1:30:09
  you
• 1:30:09
  taking
• 1:30:10
  with
• 1:30:10
  you
• 1:30:10
  to
• 1:30:10
  that
• 1:30:11
  island
• 1:30:11
  to
• 1:30:11
  be
• 1:30:11
  with
• 1:30:11
  you
• 1:30:12
  for,
• 1:30:12
  to
• 1:30:12
  keep
• 1:30:12
  you
• 1:30:12
  company
• 1:30:13
  for
• 1:30:13
  the
• 1:30:14
  tour?
• 1:30:14
  Well,
• 1:30:15
  they
• 1:30:15
  asked
• 1:30:15
  that
• 1:30:15
  question
• 1:30:16
  to
• 1:30:16
  G.K.
• 1:30:16
  chesterton,
• 1:30:17
  who
• 1:30:17
  was
• 1:30:18
  also
• 1:30:18
  one
• 1:30:18
  of
• 1:30:18
  the
• 1:30:18
  authors
• 1:30:18
  we
• 1:30:19
  collected
• 1:30:19
  at
• 1:30:19
  the
• 1:30:19
  Wade
• 1:30:20
  Center.
• 1:30:20
  Yeah.
• 1:30:20
  They
• 1:30:20
  said,
• 1:30:21
  if
• 1:30:21
  you're
• 1:30:21
  on
• 1:30:21
  a
• 1:30:21
  desert
• 1:30:22
  island,
• 1:30:22
  what
• 1:30:23
  one
• 1:30:23
  book
• 1:30:23
  would
• 1:30:23
  you
• 1:30:23
  want
• 1:30:24
  to
• 1:30:24
  have
• 1:30:24
  with
• 1:30:24
  you?
• 1:30:24
  And
• 1:30:25
  Chesterton
• 1:30:25
  said,
• 1:30:26
  I
• 1:30:26
  would
• 1:30:26
  like
• 1:30:26
  a
• 1:30:26
  book
• 1:30:26
  called
• 1:30:27
  A
• 1:30:27
  Practical
• 1:30:27
  Guide
• 1:30:28
  to
• 1:30:28
  Shipbuilding.
• 1:30:32
  I
• 1:30:32
  love
• 1:30:32
  it.
• 1:30:32
  All
• 1:30:32
  right,
• 1:30:33
  now
• 1:30:33
  I'm
• 1:30:33
  going
• 1:30:33
  to
• 1:30:33
  keep
• 1:30:33
  pushing
• 1:30:33
  you,
• 1:30:34
  CS
• 1:30:34
  Lewis,
• 1:30:34
  talking
• 1:30:35
  to
• 1:30:35
  our
• 1:30:35
  Sayers.
• 1:30:35
  You
• 1:30:35
  have
• 1:30:35
  one
• 1:30:36
  book.
• 1:30:36
  What's
• 1:30:36
  your
• 1:30:37
  favorite
• 1:30:37
  one?
• 1:30:37
  Not
• 1:30:37
  necessarily
• 1:30:38
  favorite.
• 1:30:38
  What
• 1:30:38
  one
• 1:30:38
  are
• 1:30:38
  you
• 1:30:38
  going
• 1:30:38
  to
• 1:30:39
  carry
• 1:30:39
  with
• 1:30:39
  you
• 1:30:40
  on
• 1:30:40
  to?
• 1:30:41
  Well,
• 1:30:42
  I
• 1:30:42
  would
• 1:30:43
  be
• 1:30:43
  like
• 1:30:43
  C.S.
• 1:30:44
  lewis.
• 1:30:45
  I
• 1:30:46
  could
• 1:30:46
  reread
• 1:30:46
  over
• 1:30:47
  and
• 1:30:47
  over
• 1:30:47
  the
• 1:30:47
  Man
• 1:30:47
  Born
• 1:30:48
  to
• 1:30:48
  Be
• 1:30:48
  King.
• 1:30:49
  And
• 1:30:49
  the
• 1:30:50
  first
• 1:30:50
  time
• 1:30:50
  I
• 1:30:50
  read
• 1:30:51
  it,
• 1:30:51
  I'm
• 1:30:52
  so
• 1:30:52
  used
• 1:30:53
  to
• 1:30:53
  the
• 1:30:54
  biblical
• 1:30:54
  accounts,
• 1:30:55
  I
• 1:30:56
  wasn't
• 1:30:56
  reading
• 1:30:56
  carefully
• 1:30:57
  enough,
• 1:30:57
  like
• 1:30:58
  what
• 1:30:58
  she
• 1:30:58
  does
• 1:30:58
  with
• 1:30:59
  Judas.
• 1:31:01
  And
• 1:31:01
  she
• 1:31:01
  does
• 1:31:02
  some
• 1:31:02
  brilliant
• 1:31:02
  things
• 1:31:03
  with
• 1:31:05
  the
• 1:31:05
  two
• 1:31:06
  thieves
• 1:31:06
  on
• 1:31:06
  the
• 1:31:06
  cross,
• 1:31:07
  giving
• 1:31:07
  them
• 1:31:09
  speeches.
• 1:31:09
  And
• 1:31:10
  one
• 1:31:10
  of
• 1:31:10
  the
• 1:31:10
  thieves,
• 1:31:11
  justice,
• 1:31:12
  is
• 1:31:12
  totally
• 1:31:12
  mocking
• 1:31:13
  this
• 1:31:14
  Jesus
• 1:31:15
  and
• 1:31:15
  saying,
• 1:31:15
  oh,
• 1:31:15
  you.
• 1:31:16
  You
• 1:31:16
  think
• 1:31:16
  you're
• 1:31:16
  the
• 1:31:17
  king
• 1:31:17
  of
• 1:31:17
  the
• 1:31:17
  Jews.
• 1:31:17
  And
• 1:31:18
  dismiss
• 1:31:20
  responses
• 1:31:21
  as,
• 1:31:21
  oh,
• 1:31:21
  come
• 1:31:21
  on,
• 1:31:22
  hold
• 1:31:22
  back.
• 1:31:23
  You
• 1:31:23
  know,
• 1:31:24
  he's
• 1:31:24
  just
• 1:31:24
  a
• 1:31:24
  little
• 1:31:25
  loony
• 1:31:25
  that.
• 1:31:26
  Just
• 1:31:28
  don't
• 1:31:29
  criticize
• 1:31:29
  him
• 1:31:30
  so
• 1:31:30
  much.
• 1:31:30
  And
• 1:31:30
  then
• 1:31:31
  Jesus
• 1:31:31
  says,
• 1:31:32
  verily,
• 1:31:32
  verily
• 1:31:33
  or
• 1:31:33
  true?
• 1:31:34
  Sears
• 1:31:35
  writes,
• 1:31:35
  truly,
• 1:31:36
  truly,
• 1:31:36
  you
• 1:31:36
  will
• 1:31:36
  be
• 1:31:37
  with
• 1:31:37
  me
• 1:31:37
  in
• 1:31:37
  paradise.
• 1:31:38
  And
• 1:31:38
  all
• 1:31:38
  of
• 1:31:38
  a
• 1:31:39
  sudden,
• 1:31:40
  Dismas,
• 1:31:41
  who
• 1:31:42
  was
• 1:31:42
  just
• 1:31:42
  kind
• 1:31:43
  of
• 1:31:43
  thinking
• 1:31:44
  of
• 1:31:44
  Jesus
• 1:31:45
  as
• 1:31:45
  this
• 1:31:45
  looney
• 1:31:45
  tune
• 1:31:46
  on
• 1:31:46
  the
• 1:31:47
  cross,
• 1:31:47
  he
• 1:31:48
  suddenly
• 1:31:48
  realizes,
• 1:31:49
  oh,
• 1:31:50
  oh,
• 1:31:51
  you
• 1:31:52
  are
• 1:31:52
  who
• 1:31:52
  you
• 1:31:52
  say
• 1:31:53
  you
• 1:31:53
  are.
• 1:31:54
  Oh,
• 1:31:55
  I
• 1:31:55
  don't
• 1:31:55
  deserve
• 1:31:56
  this.
• 1:31:57
  And
• 1:31:57
  notice
• 1:31:58
  what.
• 1:31:59
  Well,
• 1:31:59
  what
• 1:32:00
  I
• 1:32:00
  notice
• 1:32:01
  so
• 1:32:02
  has
• 1:32:02
  done
• 1:32:03
  there
• 1:32:03
  is
• 1:32:04
  she's
• 1:32:04
  undermined
• 1:32:05
  an
• 1:32:05
  economy
• 1:32:05
  of
• 1:32:06
  exchange.
• 1:32:06
  We
• 1:32:06
  think
• 1:32:07
  the
• 1:32:08
  thief
• 1:32:08
  says,
• 1:32:09
  you
• 1:32:09
  know,
• 1:32:10
  makes
• 1:32:11
  a
• 1:32:11
  statement,
• 1:32:11
  and
• 1:32:12
  then,
• 1:32:12
  oh,
• 1:32:12
  you
• 1:32:13
  said
• 1:32:13
  the
• 1:32:13
  right
• 1:32:13
  thing.
• 1:32:14
  You're
• 1:32:14
  getting
• 1:32:14
  heaven.
• 1:32:16
  But
• 1:32:17
  instead
• 1:32:19
  she
• 1:32:19
  has
• 1:32:20
  him
• 1:32:20
  say
• 1:32:20
  it
• 1:32:21
  kind
• 1:32:21
  of
• 1:32:22
  to
• 1:32:25
  accommodate
• 1:32:26
  his
• 1:32:26
  looniness.
• 1:32:28
  And
• 1:32:28
  it's
• 1:32:28
  only
• 1:32:29
  after
• 1:32:31
  Jesus
• 1:32:32
  offers
• 1:32:32
  him
• 1:32:33
  the
• 1:32:33
  gift
• 1:32:35
  that
• 1:32:36
  Dismas
• 1:32:36
  realizes
• 1:32:37
  what
• 1:32:37
  it
• 1:32:38
  really
• 1:32:38
  is.
• 1:32:40
  Wow.
• 1:32:41
  But
• 1:32:41
  see,
• 1:32:41
  the
• 1:32:42
  first
• 1:32:42
  time
• 1:32:42
  I
• 1:32:42
  read
• 1:32:42
  it,
• 1:32:43
  I
• 1:32:43
  was
• 1:32:43
  just
• 1:32:43
  going,
• 1:32:43
  yeah,
• 1:32:43
  there's
• 1:32:44
  two
• 1:32:44
  thieves
• 1:32:44
  on
• 1:32:44
  the
• 1:32:44
  cross.
• 1:32:45
  And
• 1:32:46
  so
• 1:32:47
  every
• 1:32:47
  time
• 1:32:47
  I
• 1:32:48
  go
• 1:32:48
  through
• 1:32:48
  it,
• 1:32:48
  kind
• 1:32:48
  of
• 1:32:48
  like
• 1:32:49
  every
• 1:32:49
  time
• 1:32:49
  I
• 1:32:49
  go
• 1:32:49
  through
• 1:32:49
  the
• 1:32:49
  Bible
• 1:32:50
  I
• 1:32:50
  see
• 1:32:51
  different
• 1:32:51
  things.
• 1:32:53
  Different
• 1:32:53
  things
• 1:32:53
  speak
• 1:32:54
  to
• 1:32:54
  me
• 1:32:54
  at
• 1:32:54
  that
• 1:32:55
  moment
• 1:32:55
  in
• 1:32:55
  my
• 1:32:56
  life.
• 1:32:57
  So
• 1:32:57
  that
• 1:32:57
  man.
• 1:32:57
  Born
• 1:32:58
  to
• 1:32:58
  king.
• 1:32:58
  It's
• 1:32:59
  a
• 1:32:59
  good
• 1:32:59
  Reformation
• 1:33:00
  sermon.
• 1:33:00
  Good
• 1:33:00
  Reformation
• 1:33:01
  sermon
• 1:33:01
  right
• 1:33:01
  there.
• 1:33:02
  All
• 1:33:02
  right,
• 1:33:02
  Dave,
• 1:33:02
  what
• 1:33:02
  are
• 1:33:02
  you
• 1:33:02
  picking?
• 1:33:09
  That's
• 1:33:09
  right.
• 1:33:12
  What.
• 1:33:12
  What.
• 1:33:13
  What's
• 1:33:13
  your
• 1:33:13
  book?
• 1:33:15
  Weight
• 1:33:15
  of
• 1:33:15
  Glory.
• 1:33:22
  And
• 1:33:22
  the
• 1:33:22
  Weight
• 1:33:23
  of
• 1:33:23
  Glory
• 1:33:23
  is
• 1:33:23
  just
• 1:33:24
  spun
• 1:33:24
  gold.
• 1:33:26
  I
• 1:33:27
  know
• 1:33:27
  people
• 1:33:27
  have
• 1:33:27
  actually
• 1:33:27
  memorized
• 1:33:28
  it
• 1:33:28
  way
• 1:33:28
  you
• 1:33:28
  memorize
• 1:33:29
  scripture.
• 1:33:30
  So
• 1:33:30
  that
• 1:33:31
  would
• 1:33:31
  probably
• 1:33:31
  be
• 1:33:32
  my
• 1:33:32
  choice,
• 1:33:33
  would
• 1:33:33
  be
• 1:33:33
  these
• 1:33:33
  four
• 1:33:34
  great
• 1:33:34
  sermons,
• 1:33:34
  the
• 1:33:35
  best
• 1:33:35
  of
• 1:33:35
  which
• 1:33:35
  is
• 1:33:36
  the
• 1:33:36
  way
• 1:33:36
  to.
• 1:33:37
  I
• 1:33:37
  don't
• 1:33:38
  even
• 1:33:38
  know
• 1:33:38
  if
• 1:33:38
  I've
• 1:33:38
  read
• 1:33:38
  this.
• 1:33:38
  I'm
• 1:33:39
  going
• 1:33:39
  to
• 1:33:39
  look
• 1:33:39
  that
• 1:33:39
  up.
• 1:33:39
  That's
• 1:33:40
  great.
• 1:33:41
  Fantastic.
• 1:33:41
  Thank
• 1:33:41
  you
• 1:33:42
  so
• 1:33:42
  much.
• 1:33:43
  Fantastic
• 1:33:43
  job.
• 1:33:44
  We
• 1:33:44
  really
• 1:33:44
  appreciate
• 1:33:44
  it.
• 1:33:45
  Thank
• 1:33:45
  you.
• 1:33:45
  Thank
• 1:33:45
  you.
• 1:33:45
  Coming.
• 1:33:47
  Thank
• 1:33:47
  you.
• 1:33:54
  Sa.