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The Battle of Jenne 1591: Timbuktu's Last Stand Against the Saadians
In 1591, the Songhai Empire faced its final military test at the Battle of Jenne, a dramatic riverine confrontation that sealed Timbuktu's fate under Moroccan occupation. This episode follows the campaign of Judar Pasha, a eunuch general leading a force of 4,000 Moroccan arquebusiers and 2,000 cavalry across the Sahara, and the Songhai defenders under Askia Ishaq II, who marshaled 30,000 men and a fleet of war canoes. We explore the tactical blunder that cost the Songhai their advantage: their failure to use the Niger River's annual flood to trap the Moroccans on the islands near…
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