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Most Uncomfortable and Controversial Finds in American History · Be Amazed

• 0:00
  [SPEAKER_00]: According to the history books, the American continents once symbolized a brave new world where anything was possible.
• 0:08
  [SPEAKER_00]: Or so we were led to believe.
• 0:10
  [SPEAKER_00]: Sometimes a single discovery can shake our entire understanding of the Americas from exposing uncomfortable truths, scrubbing the shine off beloved heroes or challenging cherished beliefs.
• 0:23
  [SPEAKER_00]: And there's been more than just one discovery, so join me as we delve into some of the most uncomfortable and controversial finds in American history.
• 0:45
  [SPEAKER_00]: We've all been lent to believe that in 1492 Italian explorer Christopher Columbus was the first person to set foot in America, claiming the land we now call the USA.
• 0:57
  [SPEAKER_00]: It turns out that's not true.
• 0:59
  [SPEAKER_00]: Columbus wasn't the first to discover North America, they never even stepped foot in it.
• 1:04
  [SPEAKER_00]: The first Americans were unsurprisingly, the native Americans, who came from what's now known as Asia, some 30,000 to 12,000 years ago.
• 1:13
  [SPEAKER_00]: If we're talking about the first Europeans in America, then let's go over to Lonse Medos.
• 1:19
  [SPEAKER_00]: Newfoundland and Canada.
• 1:21
  [SPEAKER_00]: Back in 1960, an excavation by Norwegian archaeologists, any Stein and Helga Inkstead, revealed eight mound buildings of Norse origin.
• 1:32
  [SPEAKER_00]: That's right, Vikings.
• 1:34
  [SPEAKER_00]: Finding show that the first Norsemen, who they named, leaf the lucky first stepfoot on Canadian soil in the 11th century, after setting sail from Greenland, beating Columbus by 400 years.
• 1:47
  [SPEAKER_00]: Previous Icelandic legends told of Norse people arriving in a new land and then building homes and farms, they then came across Native Americans who were not happy to see Vikings on their land, resulting in a major conflict between the two.
• 2:02
  [SPEAKER_00]: We don't know exactly what happened to these Norse people in Lans, but the Icelandic sagas and with them deciding to leave the discovered country.
• 2:11
  [SPEAKER_00]: Real-life Vikings probably highlighted after living there for around 10 years just to steer clear of any Americans.
• 2:18
  [SPEAKER_00]: Either way, school textbooks should really ditch Columbus and talk about Lucky Leave, or one I think he's got how much cooler name.
• 2:26
  [SPEAKER_00]: We all dig a good treasure hunt, pun entirely intended there, and one guy who decided to start his own epic version was Forrest Finn, a pilot and art dealer from Santa Fe, New Mexico.
• 2:38
  [SPEAKER_00]: He'd let an adventurous life amassing viable treasures from all over the world, and in 2010 at the age of 80 he published his memoirs titled The The Real of the Chase.
• 2:49
  [SPEAKER_00]: In this book he revealed that he had buried a chest filled with $2 million worth of gold and other valuables somewhere in the Rocky Mountains.
• 2:58
  [SPEAKER_00]: The pages featured a 24-line poem with clues to where the treasure was buried.
• 3:03
  [SPEAKER_00]: A decade later, one man hit the jackpot.
• 3:07
  [SPEAKER_00]: Jack Stu, a medical student who sold the treasure in 2022 to pay off his student loans.
• 3:13
  [SPEAKER_00]: One a nice story.
• 3:14
  [SPEAKER_00]: A classic American tale of triumph over adversity.
• 3:18
  [SPEAKER_00]: Uh, I'm afraid that's not the end of it.
• 3:20
  [SPEAKER_00]: Thousands of people set out to find the gold with some hunters becoming so obsessed that they went bankrupt in their search.
• 3:27
  [SPEAKER_00]: but they were the lucky ones, at least five people lost their lives trying to traverse the wilderness in search of the treasure.
• 3:35
  [SPEAKER_00]: Finn himself was stalked and his home broken into by hunters trying to get more information on the treasure's whereabouts.
• 3:42
  [SPEAKER_00]: The old man was even accused of never hiding any treasure in the first place.
• 3:46
  [SPEAKER_00]: and that stuff was lying about fine again, that they were both just a couple of frauds.
• 3:51
  [SPEAKER_00]: Geez, so not the classic American tale of triumph after all.
• 3:56
  [SPEAKER_00]: Sounds more like a horror story.
• 3:58
  [SPEAKER_00]: Would you have gone as far as those crazed treasure hunters to try and get your hands on the Finn treasure?
• 4:03
  [SPEAKER_00]: Let us know in the comments if the platform allows it.
• 4:07
  [SPEAKER_00]: now under the next one.
• 4:09
  [SPEAKER_00]: As a kid, I was told the age-old Bible story of Noah's Ark.
• 4:13
  [SPEAKER_00]: You know where God comes to know and tells him to build a massive ship and fill it with two of every animal to avoid a world-ending flood?
• 4:19
  [SPEAKER_00]: Today, most agree that this is nothing more than a fable, but one discovery may prove that Noah's Ark was the real deal.
• 4:26
  [SPEAKER_00]: And 1944, Buckinann, West Virginia, 10-year-old New Nanderson was in his parents' basement collecting coal for the furnace.
• 4:34
  [SPEAKER_00]: He picked up a particularly large chunk only to drop it, splitting the coal into.
• 4:39
  [SPEAKER_00]: Inside was a metal object, a brass bell.
• 4:43
  [SPEAKER_00]: Now, all coal was once vegetation and coalification, which is the conversion of vegetation to coal, takes roughly 300 million years.
• 4:52
  [SPEAKER_00]: Humans are only supposed to have been on Earth for at least six to two million years, so how the bell get in there.
• 5:00
  [SPEAKER_00]: Creation has argued that the Virginia Bell is a sign that human civilization along with the biblical Noah existed around 300 million years earlier than scientists think.
• 5:12
  [SPEAKER_00]: According to Creationism, when the seas rose, early civilization would have been buried under sedimentary rock leaving all their junk behind.
• 5:21
  [SPEAKER_00]: However, most cases of these out-of-place artifacts turn out to be caused by natural formations, like clay, coating a modern object over time.
• 5:29
  [SPEAKER_00]: In 2007, Anderson took part in a lie detector test-to-validated story in past-with-lying colors.
• 5:35
  [SPEAKER_00]: He said that, had the chunk not been coldly, wouldn't have bothered picking it up.
• 5:40
  [SPEAKER_00]: All done, over 60 years would have passed since Anderson found that bell.
• 5:44
  [SPEAKER_00]: Can we really rely on someone's memory when that much time is passed?
• 5:49
  [SPEAKER_00]: I'll let you guys be the judges.
• 5:51
  [SPEAKER_00]: There's nothing like flying through the sky in an airplane.
• 5:55
  [SPEAKER_00]: We all think of these machines as a 20th century invention.
• 5:58
  [SPEAKER_00]: With the North American Wright Brothers successfully flowing to first plane in 1903.
• 6:04
  [SPEAKER_00]: Well, buckle up because, that first aircraft might have appeared much earlier, and much further south than we thought.
• 6:12
  [SPEAKER_00]: Between the 5th century to the 10th century CE, the quimbaya civilization prospered in the areas bordering the Kaka River Valley in Colombia.
• 6:21
  [SPEAKER_00]: These people were master goldsmiths crafting exceptional pieces of art.
• 6:27
  [SPEAKER_00]: Though none are more famous than a collection of 123 pendants, looted by tomb robbers during the 1800s, they've been dubbed the Quimbayah artifacts and measure about two to three inches in length.
• 6:40
  [SPEAKER_00]: Despite being small and size, they've made a big impact catching the world's attention in the 1970s.
• 6:46
  [SPEAKER_00]: Some have noticed their resemblance to flying machines, complete with tail-routers and propellers.
• 6:52
  [SPEAKER_00]: Such technology is not to be way beyond the realms of the quimbayatime period leading to many, let's say colorful theories surrounding their origin.
• 7:02
  [SPEAKER_00]: Perhaps when by y'all people were granted this technology by aliens, or maybe they were contacted by time travelers who reviewed the secrets of air travel.
• 7:12
  [SPEAKER_00]: However, those pesky skeptics have pointed out that the artifacts resemblance to planes is probably pure coincidence with the treasures actually depicting fish and birds.
• 7:22
  [SPEAKER_00]: I suppose that makes sense for most of them, but honestly, if you look up images of the quimbayat artifacts and zoom in on the most plain looking one, you'll see exactly what I mean.
• 7:33
  [SPEAKER_00]: It has what genuinely looks like Delta shaped wings, a tail rudder, and even something resembling a cockpit.
• 7:40
  [SPEAKER_00]: I don't know any fissure bird that looks much like a plane.
• 7:43
  [SPEAKER_00]: Walt Disney was a giant of American cinema, founder of Disney Studios and creators of some of the world's most beloved films and characters like Mickey Mouse.
• 7:53
  [SPEAKER_00]: Considering how pure and whole some of the films were, surely, kind of a lot was just as pure.
• 7:59
  [SPEAKER_00]: Well, in 1993, through the Freedom of Information Act, the New York Times found that the FBI had files on Walt.
• 8:07
  [SPEAKER_00]: These files revealed that from 1940 until he died won't secretly supply information about his workers to the FBI.
• 8:15
  [SPEAKER_00]: That's right, Uncle Walt was a spy.
• 8:19
  [SPEAKER_00]: In the 1940s, has the psychological battle between America and the Soviet Union reached fear and paranoia to a cold.
• 8:27
  [SPEAKER_00]: Disney known for his conservative views was no exception.
• 8:31
  [SPEAKER_00]: In 1954, he was given the title of Special Agent and Charge Contact, as such, Disney reported to the government about Hollywood workers if they were suspected.
• 8:41
  [SPEAKER_00]: of pro communist beliefs.
• 8:44
  [SPEAKER_00]: He even let FBI director Jay Edgar Hoover edit Disney film scripts for moving anything disparaging of the FBI in the 1962 comedy Moon Pilot.
• 8:53
  [SPEAKER_00]: In this era, which was about the time family classics like 100 and 1 Domations in Mary Poppins was being made.
• 8:59
  [SPEAKER_00]: Americans could be fired from their work or even arrested for having pro communist beliefs.
• 9:05
  [SPEAKER_00]: But Walt went one step further and testified to the House Un-American Activities Committee.
• 9:10
  [SPEAKER_00]: There he formerly and falsely accused striking workers and the Screen Actors Guild of being Communist rather than people just wanting better pay in working conditions.
• 9:20
  [SPEAKER_00]: He even brought an armed guards to deal with them, and once had to be physically restrained from attacking one of the striking workers.
• 9:28
  [SPEAKER_00]: While being an FBI contact wouldn't have been unusual in this era, Disney's actions endangered his workers' careers and livelihoods.
• 9:36
  [SPEAKER_00]: Wow, I'm never going to be able to watch Mary Poppins in the same ever again.
• 9:40
  [SPEAKER_00]: In the beginning there was the big bang, then they were microorganisms, and now we've got the world we know today.
• 9:47
  [SPEAKER_00]: But in 1944, a fine and archombrow Mexico threw a curveball at this idea.
• 9:53
  [SPEAKER_00]: German man Voldemort Hill's route came across a trove of little clay figurines depicting an on-mix of prehistoric monsters and humans.
• 10:02
  [SPEAKER_00]: Over time, y'all's were rude on Earth over 30,000 of these sculptures and intrigued by his discovery decided to have them examined.
• 10:11
  [SPEAKER_00]: Initial tests in 1969 and 1972 suggested they were from 2500 BC, making them 4500 years old.
• 10:21
  [SPEAKER_00]: Upon hearing about the miraculous figurings young Earth creation, it's claimed they were evidence that Earth could only be a few thousand years old as described in the book of Genesis.
• 10:31
  [SPEAKER_00]: They believe the world was created in six days, and that the Accombaro figures supposedly crafted by an ancient indigenous civilization fit their idea of a world where humans co-existed with prehistoric creatures.
• 10:46
  [SPEAKER_00]: Does this mean the Aztecs really did ride dinosaurs?
• 10:50
  [SPEAKER_00]: Probably not.
• 10:52
  [SPEAKER_00]: Looking at the figurines, you can see there's no weathering or dirt lodged in the cracks, which discredits the notion that these things are thousands of years old.
• 11:01
  [SPEAKER_00]: If that weren't enough later tests in 1976 and 1978, put the figurines origins in the 1930s or 1940s, around the time you'll soon found them.
• 11:11
  [SPEAKER_00]: Now one seems to know who made the figures or how they got there though, most likely, it was just locals playing a prank.
• 11:17
  [SPEAKER_00]: But what's your take?
• 11:19
  [SPEAKER_00]: Do you believe that the figurines are evidence of the creation story?
• 11:23
  [SPEAKER_00]: Or are they a total fabrication?
• 11:25
  [SPEAKER_00]: Let us know in the comments if the platform allows.
• 11:28
  [SPEAKER_00]: In our modern age, it seems like scientists have this whole evolution thing sorted.
• 11:33
  [SPEAKER_00]: A long time ago dinosaurs were hanging around, then an asteroid punched the earth
• 11:39
  [SPEAKER_00]: finally giving mammals their chance to shine.
• 11:43
  [SPEAKER_00]: Case closed.
• 11:45
  [SPEAKER_00]: Or is it?
• 11:47
  [SPEAKER_00]: Let's dive into the Paluxi River in Texas home to the highest concentration of dinosaur tracks in the country.
• 11:54
  [SPEAKER_00]: And 1908, a flood revealed fossils hidden beneath rocky layers.
• 11:59
  [SPEAKER_00]: People couldn't help but notice some impressions looked like human footprints.
• 12:04
  [SPEAKER_00]: But what would human tracks be doing next to those of dinosaurs?
• 12:08
  [SPEAKER_00]: There's about a 60 million year difference between dinosaur extinction and humans first appearing in Africa.
• 12:15
  [SPEAKER_00]: Clifford Burtick, a geologist and dedicated creationist, believed that the tracks were made only 4,800 years ago at the supposed time of Noah's flood.
• 12:25
  [SPEAKER_00]: His view, the floodwaters, are what made the ground muddy leaving lasting impressions.
• 12:30
  [SPEAKER_00]: Today, young earth creationists, you know, those guys who believe God did all the work, assumed that those prints are proof that the world was made in a week, allowing humans and dinosaurs to walk alongside each other.
• 12:42
  [SPEAKER_00]: But hang on, then the creation has already claimed to us what happened 300 million years ago, when they found that West Virginia bell.
• 12:50
  [SPEAKER_00]: I mean, I've never read the Bible, but I'm fairly sure it only mentions one great flood.
• 12:55
  [SPEAKER_00]: And I don't think it lasted for 300 million years.
• 12:58
  [SPEAKER_00]: Also, paleontologists have pointed out that the so-called human prints were much more likely to have been made by another dinosaur, such as a camp to source, which then eroded over millions of years leading them to resemble human feet.
• 13:11
  [SPEAKER_00]: So did dinosaurs and humans really co-exist?
• 13:15
  [SPEAKER_00]: And if they did, why weren't they mentioned in the Bible at any point?
• 13:19
  [SPEAKER_00]: And if the Bible had dinosaurs in it, I reckon church services would be much cooler.
• 13:24
  [SPEAKER_00]: Okay, now it's time to get into some of the darker controversies that stain American history.
• 13:30
  [SPEAKER_00]: You've probably seen clips of celebrities acting weird and heard crazy conspiracy theories claiming their victims of government mind control.
• 13:38
  [SPEAKER_00]: Come on, that's nuts!
• 13:41
  [SPEAKER_00]: The U.S. government would never try to bring Washington citizens so obviously, right?
• 13:46
  [SPEAKER_00]: Right?
• 13:47
  [SPEAKER_00]: Well, in 1974, the CIA were accused of just that, leading President Gerald Ford to order an investigation.
• 13:55
  [SPEAKER_00]: Around 20,000 documents were uncovered revealing a 1950s program codenamed MK Ultra.
• 14:03
  [SPEAKER_00]: During the Cold War, the U.S. government feared that American prisoners of war were being brainwashed by Soviet Chinese and Korean agents.
• 14:11
  [SPEAKER_00]: The fear grew so much that in 1953 CIA Director Alan Dolls approved a covert operation aimed to control human behavior with drugs, paralyrics, and electro-shocked therapy to see if it really could be done.
• 14:25
  [SPEAKER_00]: Between 1953 and 1973, more than 150 experiments on humans were carried out in universities, hospitals and prisons across the USA and Canada.
• 14:37
  [SPEAKER_00]: What's horrifying, though, is that many of the participants did not consent to these tests and were unaware that they were being experimented on until it was too late.
• 14:47
  [SPEAKER_00]: Doctors tested a concept called deep patterning, where an individual's mind is through awful means reduced to a childlike state that could be rebuilt under the doctor's control.
• 14:59
  [SPEAKER_00]: For example, people would needlessly put in induced comus for over a month, whether recording saying your mother hates you on the loop.
• 15:08
  [SPEAKER_00]: Of course victims were traumatized by such experiments that left with life altering mental illnesses.
• 15:14
  [SPEAKER_00]: The CIA not only lied about these tests, but also attempted to destroy all related documents.
• 15:20
  [SPEAKER_00]: That's 20,000 records only survived by chance after being incorrectly filed.
• 15:25
  [SPEAKER_00]: Today, neither the agency nor the American government have apologized or offered compensations to its victims.
• 15:32
  [SPEAKER_00]: Yeah, like I said, darker.
• 15:35
  [SPEAKER_00]: Much darker.
• 15:37
  [SPEAKER_00]: Then the first World War soldier saw the arrival of a terrible weapon, mustard gas.
• 15:43
  [SPEAKER_00]: It was a chemical warfare agent that scorched the scan-leaving victims with blisters and unable to breathe.
• 15:50
  [SPEAKER_00]: Both sides used the weapon to maim enemy soldiers, but it turned out it wasn't just the enemy they used it on.
• 15:57
  [SPEAKER_00]: In 1993, the U.S. government declassified documents that reported on experiments carried out in World War II.
• 16:04
  [SPEAKER_00]: These findings revealed that over two decades after World War I, the U.S. Navy tested mustard gas on their own soldiers.
• 16:12
  [SPEAKER_00]: Faring that this chemical weapon would be used in the Second World War, the U.S. Navy wanted to check if their updated masks and clothes could protect them.
• 16:21
  [SPEAKER_00]: Surprise surprise, they didn't.
• 16:24
  [SPEAKER_00]: Sailors many of whom were no older than 20 were told they were going to be part of a test, but nobody bothered to explain the details.
• 16:31
  [SPEAKER_00]: They were led into a gas chamber, exposed to the chemical and left to suffer the horrific effects.
• 16:37
  [SPEAKER_00]: Even when they begged to be let out, they were refused.
• 16:40
  [SPEAKER_00]: What's worse, they picked sailors from minority groups like African and Asian Americans, purely to see how the gas affected different skin colors.
• 16:51
  [SPEAKER_00]: For many, this traumatic event would not be the end of their suffering.
• 16:55
  [SPEAKER_00]: Victims were left with burns, eczema, breathing problems, and even skin cancer.
• 17:01
  [SPEAKER_00]: In 2015, one victim at the age of 70 still visibly suffered from some of these ailments.
• 17:07
  [SPEAKER_00]: These men weren't allowed to talk about the horror and were threatened with this honorable discharge or imprisonment to keep them silent.
• 17:14
  [SPEAKER_00]: It was only in 1993 that the Pentagon let these
• 17:20
  [SPEAKER_00]: This isn't the proud military tale most American see, but those declassified files expose the barbarity, the militaries capable of against soldiers, even their own.
• 17:31
  [SPEAKER_00]: Okay, let's move back to a slightly lighter topic.
• 17:34
  [SPEAKER_00]: If there's one thing the Aztecs loved crafting, it's Crystal Skulls.
• 17:39
  [SPEAKER_00]: For decades, they famously graze the collections of well-reputed museums all over the world, with each institution adamantly claiming they're of Aztec origin dating back between the 16th and 13th centuries.
• 17:53
  [SPEAKER_00]: But let's jump to 1992, where Gene Wash and anthropologist at the Smithsonian Institution received a strange package from an anonymous donor.
• 18:02
  [SPEAKER_00]: It was a Milky White court skull measuring about 10 inches.
• 18:06
  [SPEAKER_00]: In a company, note claimed that the skull was of Aztec origin like the rest, and came from Mexico City where it belonged to dictator Portofirio Diaz.
• 18:17
  [SPEAKER_00]: But Walsh knew that something was wrong with his so-called artifact because it was made from Carberendum, a material mass produced in 1893.
• 18:28
  [SPEAKER_00]: So it certainly wasn't a vastic origin.
• 18:31
  [SPEAKER_00]: She smelled a rat and after doing a bit of digging into the history of crystal skulls realized that rat was Frenchman Eugene Bobahan.
• 18:39
  [SPEAKER_00]: He was an amateur archaeologist in the mid to late 1800s who specialized in Mexican antiquities.
• 18:46
  [SPEAKER_00]: aware of how ignorant museums were of Mesoamerican culture he invented crystal skulls manufactured many of them in Germany, and then sold them on to duped customers.
• 18:56
  [SPEAKER_00]: The museum's trusted bobaan's expertise and bought the so-called artifacts without hesitation.
• 19:01
  [SPEAKER_00]: The legend of crystal skulls in Mesoamerica have remained entwined ever since with many people today still falling for bobaan's skull duger.
• 19:10
  [SPEAKER_00]: Well, I'll never found out who posted that mysterious cult to the Smithsonian, but whoever they were accidentally revealed, how bone-headed museum appraisers could be.
• 19:20
  [SPEAKER_00]: We all know there's no such thing as giants yet, there's a passage in the Bible's book of Genesis that tells of how giants are nephilim, roam the earth in the early days of creation.
• 19:31
  [SPEAKER_00]: That's never been proven though, is it?
• 19:34
  [SPEAKER_00]: Well in 1869 and Cardiff, New York, Farmer, William, Stubb, Newell's workers dug up something.
• 19:41
  [SPEAKER_00]: Upon heaving it out, they saw it was the petrified body of a giant.
• 19:46
  [SPEAKER_00]: It measured over 10 feet tall and weighed more than 3,000 pounds.
• 19:51
  [SPEAKER_00]: That's twice the weight of your average cow.
• 19:54
  [SPEAKER_00]: News of the big men spreads with some claiming it must be an ancient creature petrified by swampy waters.
• 20:01
  [SPEAKER_00]: that Discovery allied with the belief in ancient giants with the faithful paying stubbed to let them see the biblical marvel.
• 20:08
  [SPEAKER_00]: However, Luke was recalled, a man named George Hall delivering a mysterious great-to-stubbs farm a few years prior.
• 20:15
  [SPEAKER_00]: It was later revealed that Hall motivated by his steadfast atheism, hired a sculptor to craft the giant to prove how gullible believers were.
• 20:24
  [SPEAKER_00]: He told his distant rod of stubbed to bury it and then,
• 20:29
  [SPEAKER_00]: Throughout the ages, many people have claimed to have found remains of our gigantic ancestors.
• 20:35
  [SPEAKER_00]: In 1895, a giant was supposedly found in San Diego, only to be made of gelatin.
• 20:41
  [SPEAKER_00]: Even in the 21st century, a colossal excavation made the rounds across the internet with some newspapers reporting the find is fact, when it's actually a nifty bit of Photoshop.
• 20:51
  [SPEAKER_00]: Whoa, when it comes to big lies, these are giant.
• 20:57
  [SPEAKER_00]: In 1776, America's third president Thomas Jefferson wrote in the Declaration of Independence, all men are created equal.
• 21:05
  [SPEAKER_00]: The contradiction being that Jefferson like more than half of America's founding fathers owned enslaved people.
• 21:11
  [SPEAKER_00]: In fact, his abuse of power and hypocrisy went further.
• 21:15
  [SPEAKER_00]: Even in his own lifetime, there were rumors that Jefferson had born children with Sally Hammings, one of the enslaved women on his Monte cello plantation.
• 21:25
  [SPEAKER_00]: Initially, Anne Historically, many patriots denied a founding father, one whose face was carved into Mount Rushmore, would do such a thing.
• 21:34
  [SPEAKER_00]: But the claim was investigated in 1998 when a DNA study by Dr. Eugene Foster found that Sally's youngest son, Estin Hemings, shared the same wide chromosome hapotype, with a descendant of the official Jefferson bloodline.
• 21:48
  [SPEAKER_00]: In other words, Eston was the son of someone in the Jefferson family, Hemings' child was said to bear a close resemblance to the president, even changing his racial identity to white in 1852 and adopting the surname Jefferson in later life.
• 22:03
  [SPEAKER_00]: The diary showed that the founding father was present on the Monticello plantation during the times, all of Sally's six children were conceived, and all this has led most to conclude that Jefferson wasn't the father of Estin, if not all of Heming's children.
• 22:18
  [SPEAKER_00]: What probably never know what the nature of Jefferson in Heming's relationship was, but considering Sally was never officially freed, even after Jefferson's death, they were not equal.
• 22:32
  [SPEAKER_00]: the greatest abuses.
• 22:34
  [SPEAKER_00]: I know three things about George Washington, first he was the USA's first president, second he was one of the greatest Americans in history and thirdly, he had wooden teeth.
• 22:44
  [SPEAKER_00]: But what if I told you that at least one of those things wasn't strictly true?
• 22:49
  [SPEAKER_00]: Washington famously had teeth problems that plagued him throughout his life and he ended up using these terrifying-looking dentures.
• 22:57
  [SPEAKER_00]: Imagine what he would have looked like with his mouth open.
• 23:00
  [SPEAKER_00]: Yikes!
• 23:01
  [SPEAKER_00]: In 2005 extensive studies of his false teeth found that contrary to popular belief they weren't made of wood.
• 23:07
  [SPEAKER_00]: They were a jumble of ivory from elephants, hippos, and walruses, as well as teeth from horses, cows, and humans.
• 23:15
  [SPEAKER_00]: That brown appearance of his dentures, while wood-like, was due to standing from wine and tobacco.
• 23:21
  [SPEAKER_00]: Now I couldn't believe that some people would offer up their own teeth to be used as dentures, but it turns out it wasn't that simple.
• 23:29
  [SPEAKER_00]: According to a note in his 1784 ledger, Washington likely bought 19th from slaves, but just because he paid for their teeth doesn't mean that they had the option to refuse.
• 23:40
  [SPEAKER_00]: Sadly, Washington was no exception to the founding father's ownership of enslaved people.
• 23:45
  [SPEAKER_00]: While famously calling slavery a hideous blood at his Mount Vernon plantation he out, 123 slaves.
• 23:53
  [SPEAKER_00]: And while he did advocate for rewards to incentivize those enslaved instead of punishment, he did also encourage violence if rewards didn't work.
• 24:02
  [SPEAKER_00]: Towards the end of his life, Washington had doubts about slavery and freedom 123 of the people in his will, still at some level of hypocrisy that usually skimmed over in the history books, and just because he's a founding father does not mean he's beyond reproach.
• 24:18
  [SPEAKER_00]: Back in 1999, residents in the small town of Onavasa Nora were digging an irrigation canal only to stumble upon a 1000-year-old cemetery with 25 human burials.
• 24:30
  [SPEAKER_00]: But that wasn't the weirdest thing the towns would found that day.
• 24:34
  [SPEAKER_00]: Their gene of the skulls they found were.
• 24:36
  [SPEAKER_00]: Deformed.
• 24:38
  [SPEAKER_00]: They were elongated and pointed at the back, the burial ground belonged to a pre-Hispanic people who practiced head binding.
• 24:45
  [SPEAKER_00]: Indigenous Americans purposely shaped these distinctive skulls by tying wooden boards and clawed to their children's heads.
• 24:53
  [SPEAKER_00]: As the head grew, the pressure of the bindings would cause it to form this conical look.
• 24:59
  [SPEAKER_00]: Man, I'm on one.
• 25:00
  [SPEAKER_00]: I have a headache.
• 25:02
  [SPEAKER_00]: The strange appearance of these skulls has led some to believe in the existence of ancient aliens in Meso and South America.
• 25:08
  [SPEAKER_00]: Well, that's just plain wrong.
• 25:11
  [SPEAKER_00]: Linking these cultures with extraterrestrials is pretty ignorant because evidence of similar rituals has been found on every continent, except Antarctica, of course.
• 25:20
  [SPEAKER_00]: They're still a debate about the health risks of cranial deformation, but it was conditioned
• 25:28
  [SPEAKER_00]: The practice is still carried out today in indigenous populations the world over for a variety of reasons, such as meeting beauty standards, floning social status, and tradition.
• 25:39
  [SPEAKER_00]: But who knows, maybe having a long head will come back into style and be the next, take top trend.
• 25:44
  [SPEAKER_00]: Well, a lot of what I thought I knew about the Americas has been co-estined.
• 25:49
  [SPEAKER_00]: What fine shocked you the most?
• 25:51
  [SPEAKER_00]: Let us know in the comments if the platform allows it, and if you enjoyed this episode, hit follow wherever you listen to podcasts so you don't miss the next one.
• 25:59
  [SPEAKER_00]: Thanks for listening.