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La Gran Colombia (1821-1831) · Historia con el móvil

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  Welcome, friends and friends, there' s a mobile story. My name
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  is Juan Jesús Pleguezuelo and from the central studies of the room of my house,
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  breaking time and space, or I send a warm embrace. What an
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  illusion, what happiness, to be here with all of you. Look,
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  I' m doing something very special and it' s just that I'
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  m really live. I' m live on Instagram right now. I haven
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  ' t done this in years. I remember years ago I recorded a live
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  episode while the director in instagram and was special. It was special and now
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  I wanted to repeat it. So here we are. We greet the audience
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  that is seeing me from instagram and greet all who are beyond the microphone.
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  What a magic postcast has, because this makes me excited and I don'
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  t always know how wonderful it is to think that this podcast is going to
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  listen to it in a year and it' s going to keep ringing.
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  It' s going to keep sounding like I' m present, and I
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  love to think about it before I start with today' s episode, reminding
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  you that my new book Looking for Utopia is at your disposal, a book
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  in which I review the most important periods of history, in which society has
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  overcome great challenges, the sub society has overcome great crises. The man is
• 1:15
  capable of the best. Man is able to build rich and prosperous societies based
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  on love and goodness. And that I show in my book Looking for Utopia,
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  a book in which I collect many significant episodes that from this postcas is
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  called looking for your foot and I' ll leave you the link in the
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  description of this video. Well let' s talk about Great Colombia. What
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  interesting episode, what interesting episode? Look, I' m gonna tell you
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  something. I speak from the Spanish perspective. In Spain, when we talk
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  about the history of Latin America, the whole debate revolves around the Spanish conquest,
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  the discovery and conquest of America. That is the only debate around the
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  history of Latin America and, of course, a debate that falls into the
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  fallacy of the false dilemma. Either it was good or it was bad,
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  or it was good or it was bad. Everything revolves around Latin America.
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  There is only talk of conquest and if it was bad or good, and
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  it seems that nothing happened before it seems that nothing happened afterwards. And studying
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  this episode that we are going to talk about, I thought that it would
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  be necessary to put more emphasis on what happened in America in the 19th century,
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  after the defeat of the Spaniards. What happened in America, after the
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  Spaniards were gone, after they no longer sent the Spaniards. What happened?
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  Because it is very interesting and we should debate and reflect more on this period
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  in Latin America. What happened once the Spanish Empire had already disintegrated? What
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  happened there, what was done, because it appeared to me, in a
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  way, a somewhat sad story. What I' m studying so far and
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  I' m going to explain. I will explain why you already know,
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  you know that the French invade Spain in one thousand eight hundred eight and at
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  that time the war of independence against the French begins in Spain and Ferdinand VII
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  was among the Spanish king captive quotation marks. It was between captive quotes in
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  France and the Spaniards begin in Spain to fight against the French in the form
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  of guerrillas. Somehow, in Latin America we begin to reproduce what was happening
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  in Spain. If in Spain we begin to fight against the French and in
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  Latin America the Latin Americans begin to fight against Spanish power, the war of
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  independence ends in one thousand eight hundred and fourteen, when Fernando VII returns from
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  France to Spain and in some way, those centers of independence, those rebellions,
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  those cones of independenceists in Latin America are stifled. We' re talking
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  about one thousand eight hundred fourteen, but it was a pause, a brief
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  pause. Soon the rebellion returned, soon the desire for independence returned. So
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  between one thousand eight hundred and fourteen and one thousand eight hundred and twenty-
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  four the different Latin American territories are becoming independent, proclaiming their independence. And
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  if we have to put if we have to point a point and end to
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  the Spanish Presence in America. It is the battle of Ayacucho in one thousand
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  eight hundred twenty- four. There, in one thousand eight hundred twenty-
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  four, with that defeat, the Spanish Presidency in Latin America is put to
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  an end. Good in quotation marks, because Cuba and Puerto Rico were always
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  there, but I mean at least continental America. All right then, in
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  one thousand eight hundred twenty- four, the Spaniards are definitely defeated in Latin
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  America and the new Latin American states are already forming. And today we are
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  talking about Great Colombia, which was a state created between one thousand eight hundred
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  and twenty- one and one thousand eight hundred and thirty- one. And
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  look, look, this country should have been the great power not of America
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  in the world, that is, this state was called to be the United
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  States, that is, a kind of United States. It should have been
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  a very rich state. The Great Colombia covered the following territories: Colombia,
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  Ecuador, Venezuela and Panama, that is, how much wealth there will be
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  in those countries and they were United, they were United, that is,
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  this country would have eaten the United States and I always say and it is
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  here is one of those big mistakes in history that these countries would separate.
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  But in a case near here in Spain. I always tell my students.
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  If you look at the map of the Everica Peninsula, you can only conclude
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  that this is a big mistake that Spain and Portugal are not the same country.
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  It is a mistake that Spain and Portugal are not the same country.
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  Without looking at its geography, its history, its culture, it would not
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  improve the Spaniards and it would be better for the Portuguese. Let us set
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  a reverse example that I love the case of Germany. Germany twice to separate
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  states and twice have joined and we have with this postca. Throughout one thousand
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  and eight hundred and sixty, the various German territories come together and create a
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  super country after World War II. Germany was in Ash, it was divided
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  and several decades later they decide to unite for what to be separated if we
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  are the same people. So here' s one of those big mistakes in
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  history that this country, which I repeat covered Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela and
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  Panama, ended up disintegrating. We will see we are still in the war
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  against the Spaniards, after the Battle of Boyacá, in New Granada. Today,
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  Colombia defeats the Spaniards and then convenes the Congress of Angostura. Who convokes
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  him Simon Bolivar. We are in one thousand eight hundred nineteen and in that
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  Congress of Angostura, a city that is today in Venezuela, because Simón Bolívar
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  configures and proposes the new state that will be called the Great Colombia. Well,
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  historiography calls it Great Colombia. The original name was the Republic of Colombia,
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  which is called Colombia. So now get Christopher Columbus, that is,
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  they don' t give up these Latin American parents at all. They renounce
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  their origin and history and propose the name of Colombia in honor of Christopher Columbus.
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  Then, this Congress of Angostura convenes in one thousand eight hundred and nineteen
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  and there is still the war against the Spanish. Two years will pass and
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  the battle of Carabobo also takes place in Venezuela. And there again the Spaniards
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  are already defeated. According to one thousand eight hundred twenty- one, the
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  Spaniards in this battle of Carabobo are also defeated. And now a constituent congress
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  can be convened in one thousand eight hundred and twenty- one, and now,
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  yes, the Constitution of Great Colombia, or the Republic of Colombia,
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  as was then called a country encompassing Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela and Panama,
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  is being proclaimed. Who would be your first President, Simon Bolivar. Simon
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  Bolivar would be the first President. But here comes the problem. From the
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  very first moment. Here' s the sad part. There is a division
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  in the country between the federalists and the centralists, between those who wanted a
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  single President with all the power and those federalists who wanted the different territories to
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  have more power. I remember and look to see that they apologize, but
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  I see it as a sad story. He did not say that in one
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  thousand eight hundred twenty- four the final defeat of Spain occurred in the battle
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  of Ayacucho. In one thousand eight hundred twenty- four have won independence,
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  have the Spaniards lost one thousand eight hundred twenty- four, that in one
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  thousand eight hundred twenty- one, that in one thousand eight hundred twenty-
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  one is proclaimed Great Colombia, is proclaimed the Constitution and independence of Great Colombia?
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  Well, in a thousand eight hundred and twenty- eight people, the
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  Spaniards have barely left, that is, they are just leaving. The Spaniards
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  have not yet been given time to leave, I mean, they have already
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  been defeated in a thousand eight hundred twenty- four. Well, one thousand
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  eight hundred and twenty- eight, what does the war in Peru and Colombia,
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  that is, they have achieved independence, they have achieved the denotations of
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  Spaniards and now they say that we will well make war between ourselves, that
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  is, you say, my mother. For this purpose, they have programmed
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  independence to wage war with each other, that is, Wow. That'
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  s why he said a rembolish story. Not that you have already achieved independence
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  against the Spaniards and now you fight among yourselves, because in a thousand eight
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  hundred and twenty- eight there is a war between Peru and Great Colombia over
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  the territory of Guayaquil, a war that ends in one thousand eight hundred and
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  twenty- nine with the victory of Great Colombia and returns to the previous status
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  quo, so that Guayaquil continues to belong to Great Colombia, which will then
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  remain in the territory of Ecuador. Okay. Then we have said my or
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  a thousand och one hundred and twenty- eight war between Peru and Great Colombia
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  between half within the Great Colombia there is already independence movement of one thousand eight
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  hundred and twenty- six, Venezuela wants to become independent and that, that
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  is called, those events are called the cosiata vale. So Bolívar is the
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  President of Greater Colombia, but Jo Bolívar does not abandon his struggle against the
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  Spanish. Bolívar, Bolívar continues to travel the South, continues to fight against
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  the Spaniards. While he was President of Greater Colombia. Then who was in
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  Great Colombia ruling its Vice President, who was Francisco de Paula Santander. But
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  you know what happens that Simon Bolivar is faced with strong opposition in Greater Colombia,
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  accusing him of wanting all the power for himself. And there is a
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  strong opposition and in a thousand eight hundred and twenty- eight he suffers an
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  attempt to end his life and is accused of Vice President Francisco de Paula Santanderla
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  This is called the conspiracy. Septembrina one thousand eight hundred twenty- eight and,
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  well, the situation is getting worse, the situation is getting worse,
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  so that the independence movements continue. In a thousand eight hundred and twenty-
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  nine, Venezuela will be able to separate. In one thousand eight hundred and
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  thirty, Ecuador managed to separate itself and already in one thousand eight hundred forgivenesss.
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  In the same thousand eight hundred and thirty, Bolívar decides that he will
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  leave because he does not see that nor continuity. And already in one thousand
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  eight hundred and thirty- one dissolves the Great Colombia and we have Ecuada on
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  the one hand, Venezola on the other hand. And now there is a
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  new country to be called the Republic of New Granada. And that Republic of
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  New Granada integrates the current Colombia and Panama. And so far today' s
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  show and I remind you that my book is at your disposal looking for utopia.
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  A book in which I show that the human being is also capable of
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  the best, that the human being is also able to build a rich and
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  prosperous society based on love and goodness. A book in which I collect significant
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  episodes of this podcast, I leave you link in the program notes. So
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  far, dear, friend and friend, and I' ll see you on
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  the next show.