Latest / Daniel and Kelly’s Extraordinary Universe / Can particles travel faster than light?

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Can particles travel faster than light? · Daniel and Kelly’s Extraordinary Universe

0:08
Speaker 1: Hey, Daniel, what happens if you break a law of physics?
0:12
Speaker 1: Is this a hypothetical question? Are you like looking for
0:15
Speaker 1: physics legal advice? Well, I mean, I'm not saying I'm
0:19
Speaker 1: building a faster than like black hole machine in my backyard.
0:22
Speaker 1: I'm just, you know, just hypothetically, what would happen to
0:25
Speaker 1: me legally if I broke a law physics? Well, speaking
0:30
Speaker 1: for physics as a spokesperson for physics, physics tend to
0:33
Speaker 1: be pretty unforgiven. You just can't break the laws. You mean,
0:37
Speaker 1: I can't go to physics jail or get a physics Fine,
0:42
Speaker 1: we have a black hole we throw all those people into.
0:45
Speaker 1: I see that that is physics too. Yeah, as your
0:48
Speaker 1: physics lawyer, I advise you not to break any laws
0:50
Speaker 1: of physics. Hi am Korhamat, cartoonists and the creator of
1:10
Speaker 1: PhD comics. Hi. I'm Daniel Whitson. I'm a particle of physicist,
1:14
Speaker 1: and I'm always looking for ways to accomplish what we
1:17
Speaker 1: need to without breaking the laws of physics. And together
1:20
Speaker 1: with the authors of the book, we have No Idea.
1:22
Speaker 1: A Guide to the Unknown Universe, now translated to over
1:26
Speaker 1: twenty three languages. I just finished the Ukrainian version. It's awesome.
1:31
Speaker 1: Oh yeah, we're we're the jokes as funny in Ukrainian
1:34
Speaker 1: or may more funny. This sort of a dry sense
1:38
Speaker 1: of humor there, you know, in Ukrainian it's a it's
1:40
Speaker 1: a different culture or different language. Now, I have no
1:42
Speaker 1: idea really how somebody translates our sort of silly sense
1:47
Speaker 1: of humor into Korean or Ukrainian. But hey, they've done.
1:51
Speaker 1: I'm sure there's a word for farts in all of
1:53
Speaker 1: those languages. Yeah, well, that's a question which country has
1:57
Speaker 1: the most words for farts? Something about culture? Right right, Twitter,
2:02
Speaker 1: get on it, We challenge you. But that book tells
2:06
Speaker 1: you not just about how to say farts in Korean
2:08
Speaker 1: and Polish, but also about the mysteries of the universe
2:11
Speaker 1: and how so many of them are left unsolved, so
2:14
Speaker 1: many of them that maybe you, or your kids or
2:16
Speaker 1: your grandkids might be the one to reveal something fascinating
2:20
Speaker 1: and mind blowing and basic about the universe. We find
2:23
Speaker 1: ourselves in Yeah, Amazon questions, some of which we tackle
2:26
Speaker 1: here in our podcast, So welcome to Daniel and Jorge
2:29
Speaker 1: Explain the Universe, a production of I Heart Radio in
2:32
Speaker 1: which we explore all the unknowns and the nons about
2:35
Speaker 1: the universe, the known knowns, the unknown unknowns, the unknownns,
2:39
Speaker 1: and the known unknowns for the complete matrix of nonliness.
2:44
Speaker 1: I don't know about that, man, But um, yeah, we
2:48
Speaker 1: talk about how it all works, and specifically, I guess
2:51
Speaker 1: we talk about what you can and cannot do in
2:54
Speaker 1: the universe. Yeah, it's physics sort of works in both directions.
2:57
Speaker 1: On one hand, we're looking around the universe and trying
2:59
Speaker 1: to figure out what are the rules? You know, this
3:02
Speaker 1: happens and that doesn't happen. Why doesn't that ever happen?
3:05
Speaker 1: How can we never see anything break this rule? I
3:08
Speaker 1: guess it's a fundamental rule the universe. But it also
3:11
Speaker 1: goes the other way, where we're like, well, given these rules,
3:14
Speaker 1: how do we accomplish what we want to? You know,
3:16
Speaker 1: how do we get to alpha centaur? You know, reasonable
3:19
Speaker 1: amount of time? How do we get enough energy to
3:21
Speaker 1: fuel all the demands of humanity? So it sort of
3:23
Speaker 1: works in both directions. Yeah, where it's that warp drive.
3:26
Speaker 1: I'm still winning for my flying car and the teleporter
3:31
Speaker 1: the warp drive. Warp drives might actually come before flying cars. Really, Yeah, well,
3:36
Speaker 1: warp drives you know, theoretically solved, and there's some practical
3:39
Speaker 1: problems there. We talked about on our podcast, you know, like,
3:42
Speaker 1: you know, do you eat the entire massive Jupiter in
3:45
Speaker 1: order to accomplish in one trip? But hey, it's just
3:47
Speaker 1: an engineering problem. I see, I see. Theoretically we have
3:52
Speaker 1: warp drives, we totally practically practically, we're not there yet.
3:55
Speaker 1: We're not there yet. But I think flying cars are
3:58
Speaker 1: harder because it's not just an engine earing problem. It's
4:00
Speaker 1: like a sociological problem. Like you know, you turn left,
4:04
Speaker 1: you turn right, you turn up, you know, and I have.
4:06
Speaker 1: Everybody has to learn how to drive those things. It's
4:08
Speaker 1: going to be a nightmare. Who who wants flying cars?
4:11
Speaker 1: You know? Who wants to be stuck in three dimensional traffic?
4:14
Speaker 1: Maybe we should only get flying cars after we get
4:16
Speaker 1: self driving cars, so we can get self driving flying cars.
4:20
Speaker 1: I can't tell that's the best idea or the worst idea. Yeah,
4:24
Speaker 1: we'll say it's a theoretically good idea and then leave
4:27
Speaker 1: it to the engineers. Something I've always wanted to do
4:29
Speaker 1: is visit their star systems and walk on the surface
4:32
Speaker 1: of other planets. But of course these planets are all
4:35
Speaker 1: so far away that, given the limitation of the speed
4:37
Speaker 1: of light, it would take you forever to get there. Right, Yeah,
4:41
Speaker 1: I mean it's a huge and amazing universe with probably
4:44
Speaker 1: incredible and mindloing things to see, but they're all they're
4:47
Speaker 1: all really far away. Right, The nearest star is at
4:52
Speaker 1: least what three light years away? And yeah, proximates Centauri
4:56
Speaker 1: is more than three light years away, and our galaxies
5:00
Speaker 1: hundreds thousand light years across, and the nearest galaxy is
5:03
Speaker 1: much much further away. So you might think that makes
5:06
Speaker 1: the universe inaccessible, but your physics lawyer will provide a
5:10
Speaker 1: physics loophole. Yeah, in the in the contract of the universe,
5:14
Speaker 1: is that where the loophole is, or in the laws written? Yeah,
5:19
Speaker 1: if you want to accomplish something and there's a law
5:21
Speaker 1: that's sort of stopping you, you've got to think to yourself,
5:23
Speaker 1: do I really need to break this law or is
5:25
Speaker 1: there another way to get there? And so, in the
5:27
Speaker 1: case of warp drives, it's a really elegant solution. It says,
5:30
Speaker 1: you know, nothing can move through space faster than light,
5:34
Speaker 1: All right, well, then don't move through space, just bend space.
5:38
Speaker 1: So it's not actually so far away. It's a good
5:41
Speaker 1: it's a really it's a beautiful sort of example of
5:42
Speaker 1: how do you think differently, so you're not breaking the rules,
5:45
Speaker 1: but you're getting what you wanted. If Mohammed camp come
5:48
Speaker 1: to alpha centauri, have alpha centauri come to Mohowing. And
5:52
Speaker 1: so there are loopholes and in physics and the ways
5:56
Speaker 1: in which there's sort of an unbreakable law, but if
5:58
Speaker 1: you think about it a little bit, there are maybe
6:00
Speaker 1: ways that you can work around it, right, yeah, precisely,
6:04
Speaker 1: and this one nothing can travel faster than light. This
6:06
Speaker 1: one's pretty susceptible to loopholes. Really, it's a fraud law.
6:11
Speaker 1: It's it's it's not well written. You have the guys
6:14
Speaker 1: who drafted it initially, they should have thought about all
6:17
Speaker 1: the clauses and the addendums and the very scenarios. Clearly
6:22
Speaker 1: was written by physicists, not lawyers. And now it's physicists
6:26
Speaker 1: that are helping us get around it, and especially particle physics,
6:30
Speaker 1: because we've talked in the podcast before about particles that
6:33
Speaker 1: move faster than the speed of light, like tachyons. But
6:36
Speaker 1: there's another thing you can do. You can actually get
6:39
Speaker 1: normal everyday particles like electrons, and muanes going faster than light.
6:43
Speaker 1: It feels like you're saying something profane or something heretical. Um, yeah,
6:48
Speaker 1: I sort of like that. I'm sort of like, you know,
6:50
Speaker 1: tossing a challenge in the face of the universe, Like
6:53
Speaker 1: you think you got this law, watch this, watch me
6:56
Speaker 1: go faster. Sorry, I'm gonna break this rule right in
6:59
Speaker 1: front of you. Yeah. So today on the program, we'll
7:01
Speaker 1: be tackling the topic how particles can go faster than light.
7:11
Speaker 1: Today's topic is not a question for the first time.
7:14
Speaker 1: Usually we have a question as a title of the episode,
7:16
Speaker 1: but today it's a statement. That's right. We are standing
7:19
Speaker 1: up for particles and say you can't tell them what
7:22
Speaker 1: to do particles. Yeah, and it's it's a prescriptive title
7:27
Speaker 1: to right. I guess we're going to explain how particles
7:29
Speaker 1: can go faster than light. Yes, we certainly are. We're
7:32
Speaker 1: gonna explain how it happens and how it works. And
7:34
Speaker 1: also we're gonna answer some other lingering questions in your mind,
7:38
Speaker 1: like why are nuclear power plants always shown as glowing
7:42
Speaker 1: blue in the movies because green means their ghosts. I
7:46
Speaker 1: guess I was I was wondering what you're gonna say,
7:49
Speaker 1: there's artistic science point of view. You have different colors
7:53
Speaker 1: mean different things. Yeah, red is danger, right. I was
7:58
Speaker 1: seeing as green as ghost from those busters. I thought
8:01
Speaker 1: green was envy. But and I always thought blue was
8:04
Speaker 1: sort of like cold, and you know things are like
8:06
Speaker 1: ice blue. But you know, power plants, these nuclear power plants,
8:09
Speaker 1: they're always glowing blue. I've actually seen it myself in
8:12
Speaker 1: real life. We have a nuclear power plant under the
8:15
Speaker 1: chemistry building here. You see irvine. Wait, they do glow blue.
8:19
Speaker 1: You're not You're not kidding. I'm not kidding, man, this
8:21
Speaker 1: is a sign podcast stuff up. Actually we're talking about movies.
8:25
Speaker 1: But you were thinking real life nuclear power plants globe blue.
8:28
Speaker 1: In real life nuclear power plants glow blue. It's not
8:31
Speaker 1: just Doctor Manhattan, it's real. I've seen it with my
8:34
Speaker 1: own eyeballs. Oh man, and you're still alive alive? Well,
8:38
Speaker 1: this AI simulation of me that does the podcast with you,
8:41
Speaker 1: it's still alive. I uploaded myself to the cloud. It's
8:44
Speaker 1: encase in radiation proof skin. I am Doctor Manhattan. It
8:50
Speaker 1: turns out that's all this time. Oh my goodness, you're good.
8:56
Speaker 1: Just made everything all these episod. So it's a peer
9:00
Speaker 1: out of nowhere. Oh wow, can Dr Manhattan have a
9:03
Speaker 1: podcast that that would be amazing, probably be a little disorienting.
9:08
Speaker 1: But he doesn't seem to have a great sense of humor.
9:10
Speaker 1: You know. I figured he's all powerful. Why can't you
9:12
Speaker 1: think of a joke because he already knows the answer?
9:14
Speaker 1: Oh so an element of comedy. Surprised if you know
9:17
Speaker 1: the future, Yeah, doctormhand of course, because if you haven't
9:20
Speaker 1: seen it from the show Watchman and the of course
9:23
Speaker 1: graphic novel Watchman. But so, glowing blue is a thing
9:27
Speaker 1: related to physics and nuclear power plants. And so that's
9:30
Speaker 1: what we'll get into today. That's right. And the technical
9:33
Speaker 1: name for what what we're gonna explain today is called
9:35
Speaker 1: charnkof radiation, named for I guess Bob Charnkoff or Sam
9:40
Speaker 1: Durnkoff or Sally Churnkoff, whoever discovered it, probably your maybe
9:45
Speaker 1: or likely it was like yes, um, And so I
9:51
Speaker 1: walked around campus here at you see Irvine, and I
9:53
Speaker 1: asked people if they had heard of trunk off radiation
9:56
Speaker 1: and if they thought particles could move faster than the
9:59
Speaker 1: speed of light. So think about it for a second
10:01
Speaker 1: and ask yourself if someone asked you if you knew
10:04
Speaker 1: what sharinkof radiation was and if particles can go faster
10:06
Speaker 1: than light, what would you answer. Here's what they had
10:09
Speaker 1: to say. Have you heard of charinkof radiation? No? I haven't.
10:13
Speaker 1: Do you think any particles can travel faster than light?
10:16
Speaker 1: I don't know if this is accurate, but I think
10:18
Speaker 1: like Einstein or someone like said that it is impossible
10:21
Speaker 1: to travel faster than light. No, I have no idea.
10:24
Speaker 1: Maybe I think it depends like how small they are,
10:28
Speaker 1: and like I don't really know too much about like
10:30
Speaker 1: the smallest particles or anything. So I think it could
10:33
Speaker 1: be possible. No, I don't really sure. What's the name
10:37
Speaker 1: of it? They says that is too PARTO, that's so small,
10:42
Speaker 1: But they can contact with each other and really partably distance,
10:47
Speaker 1: maybe even faster than the light. Yeah, yeah, I think so. Yeah,
10:52
Speaker 1: I believe so. But I couldn't defend that answer. O. No, no,
10:58
Speaker 1: because isn't the spit of the fastest thing? Alright, A
11:02
Speaker 1: lot of pretty good law abiding citizens answering your question,
11:06
Speaker 1: nobody thought you can break this law of physics. You know,
11:09
Speaker 1: some people did. Some people said, well, it depends how
11:11
Speaker 1: small they are. That's my favorite one, Like to get
11:14
Speaker 1: small enough then the laws don't apply, or something like
11:18
Speaker 1: I see if the light is small enough, like if
11:20
Speaker 1: the light if you're small enough, or if the light
11:23
Speaker 1: is smaller, if the particles are small enough. I'm thinking,
11:26
Speaker 1: you know, there's a like some minimum size for things
11:29
Speaker 1: that these rules apply for, Like you know, if you're
11:31
Speaker 1: smaller than one femptometer then these rules apply. And that
11:35
Speaker 1: makes some sense because you know, if you're like half
11:38
Speaker 1: of a point particle in size, then maybe go faster. Yeah,
11:44
Speaker 1: and other folks, you know, some in quantum mechanics, you know,
11:47
Speaker 1: maybe it's quantum magic something something something, Oh I see
11:51
Speaker 1: because because it doesn't even quantum physics, there are you
11:54
Speaker 1: guys do use sports like teleportation sometimes where you know,
11:58
Speaker 1: sort of like going across some barrier or right, or
12:01
Speaker 1: information traveling faster than light. We do sort of do
12:04
Speaker 1: things that seem impossible using quantum mechanics that we never
12:08
Speaker 1: send information faster than the speed of light um. And
12:11
Speaker 1: you know, we do attach quantum to things that don't
12:13
Speaker 1: really make sense, Like we talked about quantum cheetos on
12:16
Speaker 1: the podcast Last Time did we did we Was that
12:19
Speaker 1: just a dream, flaming hot dream? Yeah, alright, let's not
12:23
Speaker 1: talk about Daniels flaming hot dreams. Yeah, so let's talk
12:26
Speaker 1: about how particles can go faster than lights. So are
12:28
Speaker 1: you're saying it's kind of a loophole and the laws
12:30
Speaker 1: of physics. Yeah, you have to be really careful about
12:32
Speaker 1: how you read these rules so you know exactly what
12:35
Speaker 1: it applies to the law says nothing can go faster
12:39
Speaker 1: than light in a vacuum. I feel like that's where
12:42
Speaker 1: the maybe the caveat is in a vacuum. Yes, in
12:45
Speaker 1: a vacuum. And so the key thing to understand there
12:48
Speaker 1: is that it's not nothing can ever move faster than
12:51
Speaker 1: the photon moves, which is the common interpretation, right, like
12:54
Speaker 1: light always wins a race. It's that there is a
12:56
Speaker 1: maximum speed limit to the universe, and that aximum speed
13:00
Speaker 1: limit is the speed that light travels when it's in
13:03
Speaker 1: a vacuum, right, and a vacuum in this case, obviously
13:07
Speaker 1: it's not a carpet vacuum. You are talking about space.
13:13
Speaker 1: Are we talking about non space? Are we talking about emptiness? Oh? Man,
13:17
Speaker 1: As a whole forty five minute digression, there but yeah,
13:20
Speaker 1: we're sort of talking about empty space, as as empty
13:23
Speaker 1: as space can get, right, space space nothing but space.
13:26
Speaker 1: Space always has quantum fields in it. Or a particle
13:29
Speaker 1: can't move through space if it didn't have quantum fields
13:32
Speaker 1: in it, because the particle is just a ripple in
13:34
Speaker 1: the quantum fields. But as empty as space can get.
13:38
Speaker 1: That's how light can travel the fastest. But it's not
13:41
Speaker 1: really about light. You know. We call it the speed
13:43
Speaker 1: of light because in a vacuum, that's how fast light goes.
13:45
Speaker 1: But it's really the speed of information in the universe,
13:48
Speaker 1: the speed out which anything can travel, not just light
13:52
Speaker 1: but just anything in this in space. That's right, it's
13:56
Speaker 1: the top speed for information, which means it's the fastest
13:59
Speaker 1: that bolts can move through quantum fields, which mean that particles,
14:03
Speaker 1: which are ripples in those fields, can never move faster
14:06
Speaker 1: than that speed. Now, lots of particles move slower than
14:08
Speaker 1: that speed, right, or massive particles can be at rest.
14:12
Speaker 1: But it's sort of more about the speed limit of
14:14
Speaker 1: the universe and not about the photons themselves. And it's
14:18
Speaker 1: it's sort of not just particles, right, Like gravity can't
14:20
Speaker 1: travel faster than light either. That's just why that's why
14:23
Speaker 1: we have gravitational waves, that's right, gravitational information. Like if
14:28
Speaker 1: you deleted the Sun from the universe, not something I recommend,
14:31
Speaker 1: then we would still feel its gravity for eight minutes.
14:34
Speaker 1: Eight minutes later where we'd be, we would feel the
14:38
Speaker 1: lack of the Sun. Yeah, precisely. And so it's because
14:41
Speaker 1: information takes time to propagate through the universe. And that's
14:44
Speaker 1: all about the fields, right. What happens if you delete
14:47
Speaker 1: the Sun from the universe, while the gravitational field of
14:50
Speaker 1: the Sun sort of snaps back into flatness, but that
14:54
Speaker 1: snapping takes time to propagate through the field. There's no
14:57
Speaker 1: instantaneous transmission of information, and so it's really about information
15:01
Speaker 1: as transmitted through quantum fields. That's the fundamental limitation, and
15:05
Speaker 1: everything else just sort of falls out of that. So
15:07
Speaker 1: that's the law the lasses. Nothing can go faster than
15:10
Speaker 1: light in a vacuum. So then where's the loophole. Well,
15:14
Speaker 1: the loophole is that if you could somehow slow down light,
15:18
Speaker 1: then you could move faster than light as long as
15:21
Speaker 1: both of you are under the speed limit of the universe.
15:24
Speaker 1: If you can slow down your opponent, then you can
15:27
Speaker 1: beat your opponent. You only have to run faster than
15:30
Speaker 1: your friend when the bear is chasing you kind of situation. No,
15:33
Speaker 1: but if the goal is to move faster than light,
15:37
Speaker 1: then yeah, all you need to do is somehow slow
15:39
Speaker 1: down light. If your goal is to move faster than
15:42
Speaker 1: the speed of light does in a vacuum, yeah, that's impossible. Oh,
15:45
Speaker 1: I see, it's possible to go faster than light quote unquote,
15:50
Speaker 1: but maybe it's not possible to go faster than the
15:54
Speaker 1: fastest that light can go precisely. And so it's sort
15:57
Speaker 1: of a legalistic answer, right, can you go past and light? Oh? Yeah, sure,
16:01
Speaker 1: I just slow light down and then I can easily
16:03
Speaker 1: stroll past photons. So it depends on what you wanted
16:08
Speaker 1: to do. If you wanted to move faster than light
16:10
Speaker 1: doesn't a vacuum, If you wanted to get to Alpha
16:12
Speaker 1: Centauri in two seconds, that might not be possible if
16:15
Speaker 1: you have to move through space. But if you want
16:17
Speaker 1: to have the experience of having your particles beat photons
16:21
Speaker 1: in a race, that is possible. All right to me.
16:23
Speaker 1: That doesn't sound like it's super easy to do, but
16:25
Speaker 1: it sounds like maybe it is pretty easy to do.
16:28
Speaker 1: And so let's get into how we can slow the
16:31
Speaker 1: light down so we can beat it and what that
16:33
Speaker 1: means for nuclear reactors. But first, let's take a quick break,
16:50
Speaker 1: all right, Daniel, So news flash. While we were on break,
16:53
Speaker 1: you liked Churinkov's first name. So what's his first name? Yes,
16:57
Speaker 1: so it's not Eurie trink Off or Sally turnk Off,
16:59
Speaker 1: it's po Old drink Off. And he won the Nobel
17:02
Speaker 1: Prize in Night for explaining this amazing phenomena how how
17:07
Speaker 1: particles give off this crazy blue glow when they do
17:11
Speaker 1: beat photons in a race. Did he know why it was?
17:14
Speaker 1: I guess that's why he got the Nobel Prize, But
17:16
Speaker 1: did he know sort of the implications of it. Yeah,
17:18
Speaker 1: I mean, this is the kind of thing that he
17:20
Speaker 1: predicted and understood and then it was observed, and so
17:23
Speaker 1: they give the Nobel Prize when you sort of understand
17:25
Speaker 1: something that actually happens in the universe. Let's talk about
17:28
Speaker 1: how particles can go faster than light, which apparently they can.
17:31
Speaker 1: So there's a loophole in the lots of physics that
17:34
Speaker 1: say you can go faster than light, can beat light
17:38
Speaker 1: under certain conditions. That's right, and those conditions are that
17:41
Speaker 1: you make light go slower, and you're probably thinking, hold
17:44
Speaker 1: on a second, how could light go slower? Light is
17:46
Speaker 1: made of photons, and photons have no mass, and everything
17:50
Speaker 1: that has no mass has to move at the speed
17:52
Speaker 1: of light because otherwise you could like catch up to
17:55
Speaker 1: it and be hanging out with it. But like, photons
17:58
Speaker 1: have no mass, so what happens if you catch up
18:00
Speaker 1: to them? Then they're nothing? Right. The light is also
18:02
Speaker 1: this funny thing because a lot of relativity, right depends
18:06
Speaker 1: on this idea that light can always travels at the
18:08
Speaker 1: same speed no matter how fast you're going or how
18:11
Speaker 1: you're looking at it. Yeah, this is amazing principle in
18:14
Speaker 1: special relativity that says everybody who measures the speed of light,
18:18
Speaker 1: even the same light, always gets the same answer, regardless
18:22
Speaker 1: of how fast they're moving relative to each other. So
18:24
Speaker 1: if I'm shining a flashlight and I measure the speed
18:27
Speaker 1: of those photons, that of course I get the speed
18:29
Speaker 1: of light. But if I'm standing on a train that's
18:32
Speaker 1: going half the speed of light, and you're on the
18:34
Speaker 1: ground and you measure the light coming out of my photons,
18:37
Speaker 1: you don't get one point five times the speed of light.
18:40
Speaker 1: You still just get the speed of light and somebody
18:42
Speaker 1: coming the other direction measures that still gets the speed
18:45
Speaker 1: of light, and that's where all the crazy effects come
18:47
Speaker 1: from in relativity. But you're saying that it is possible
18:49
Speaker 1: to slow light down, So so how does that happen? Well,
18:53
Speaker 1: it's gonna be another sort of legalistic answer, right. So
18:57
Speaker 1: it's true that photons always move at the speed of
18:59
Speaker 1: light in a vacuum, but when they're in a material,
19:03
Speaker 1: a material you think of, it's sort of like a
19:05
Speaker 1: collection of atoms or molecules, like when it's moving through
19:09
Speaker 1: something not just empty space. Yeah, and those things slow
19:13
Speaker 1: it down. It's like walking across an empty room versus
19:16
Speaker 1: walking across a room with a bunch of your friends
19:18
Speaker 1: in it. Every time you take a step, you're gonna
19:21
Speaker 1: interact with one of those molecules. One of your friends
19:23
Speaker 1: can say, hey, horror, how's it going, And you're gonna
19:26
Speaker 1: have to respond to them, and it's going to slow
19:27
Speaker 1: you down. Right, That's why I don't have any friends.
19:29
Speaker 1: I'd just like to get to where I'm going. I
19:32
Speaker 1: find that it's the most efficient way to live your life,
19:34
Speaker 1: so not interact with humanity. And then but it's it's
19:38
Speaker 1: kind of like Ussein Bald on a track can go
19:41
Speaker 1: really fast, but Usain Bold going through a credit room
19:44
Speaker 1: full of Daniel's friends, it would take him as longer. Yeah, precisely.
19:48
Speaker 1: So the photon, you can imagine it moving through this material,
19:51
Speaker 1: and it interacts with those atoms, and so in some
19:54
Speaker 1: sense it's getting like absorbed and re emitted or at
19:56
Speaker 1: the very least getting deflected by these electron and so
20:00
Speaker 1: it's not just moving through the material in a straight line.
20:03
Speaker 1: Is either getting absorbed and re emitted or deflected sort
20:06
Speaker 1: of back and forth a little bit. And then it's
20:08
Speaker 1: effective speed is slower than the speed of light. So
20:11
Speaker 1: you can think that between its interaction with atoms, it's
20:14
Speaker 1: still moving at the speed of light in the vacuum,
20:16
Speaker 1: but you have to factor in the time it takes
20:19
Speaker 1: to get absorbed by the electron to get re emitted,
20:22
Speaker 1: or you have to think about this sort of effective
20:24
Speaker 1: path length. If you're going up and down because you're
20:27
Speaker 1: getting um interacting with the electrons and the nuclear fields,
20:30
Speaker 1: then you're sort of getting pushed in the wrong direction
20:32
Speaker 1: a little bit, and so your effective speed is gonna
20:34
Speaker 1: be a little slower. It takes more time to get
20:37
Speaker 1: through like a pane of glass, than it would to
20:40
Speaker 1: get through the same distance In vacuum. Light takes longer
20:43
Speaker 1: to go through glass than it does through water or air.
20:47
Speaker 1: Light takes longer to go through water, air, or glass
20:50
Speaker 1: than it does to get through a vacuum. And every
20:52
Speaker 1: material has you know, some number we call this the
20:54
Speaker 1: index of refraction that tells you sort of how much
20:57
Speaker 1: light is slowed down. I guess my question is, if
21:00
Speaker 1: it's getting absorbed and re emitted, is it's still the
21:02
Speaker 1: same light? That is a question for the philosophy department,
21:05
Speaker 1: my friend. It mostly is the same photon. I mean
21:08
Speaker 1: it has the same roughly the same direction and carries
21:11
Speaker 1: a lot of the same information um. But if a
21:14
Speaker 1: photon is absorbed we emitted, is it the same photon?
21:17
Speaker 1: We talked about that on the podcast when we're talking
21:19
Speaker 1: about like the age of the electrons in your body.
21:22
Speaker 1: If they don't interact, then it's the same one. If
21:24
Speaker 1: they interact, is it really still the same one? Well,
21:26
Speaker 1: you know, every particle is interacting with quantum virtual particles,
21:30
Speaker 1: even in the vacuum, and so from that point of view,
21:32
Speaker 1: like particle never lives from more than ten of the
21:35
Speaker 1: mine is twenty five seconds and so no particles, the
21:38
Speaker 1: same as as it was before, but effectively, I mean,
21:41
Speaker 1: if you shine a beam of light through glass, you're
21:43
Speaker 1: thinking about the same beam that's coming out the other side.
21:46
Speaker 1: So really what you're interested in is measuring like the
21:48
Speaker 1: velocity through the pane of glass. Okay, so then if
21:51
Speaker 1: I shoot some light into glass, it's going to slow down.
21:56
Speaker 1: And so that's one way that you can beat light.
21:58
Speaker 1: You can run outside of the glass, you could run
22:00
Speaker 1: on the side of glass. But some particles don't interact
22:04
Speaker 1: with the material. Like you send a muan through a
22:07
Speaker 1: block of ice, it doesn't interact with the material as
22:10
Speaker 1: much as a photon does. So the photon gets slowed down.
22:12
Speaker 1: But the muan is sort of stand offish. It's like
22:14
Speaker 1: walking through a room of your friends and ignoring all
22:17
Speaker 1: of them. Particle, like the muon can go through glass
22:19
Speaker 1: and it doesn't stop as much as a photon because
22:23
Speaker 1: I guess the particles don't like it, or it all
22:26
Speaker 1: depends on the interactions. Yeah, the photon is slowed down
22:29
Speaker 1: because it interacts with those atoms. The photon is a photon,
22:32
Speaker 1: it interacts with everything that has charge and that means
22:35
Speaker 1: atomic nuclei and atomic electrons, but a muon is heavier,
22:39
Speaker 1: and that mass prevents it from interacting as much because
22:43
Speaker 1: the rate of interaction there is dependent on the mass,
22:46
Speaker 1: and so it helps us sort of ignore those particles.
22:49
Speaker 1: And you know, other particles like neutrinos, they don't even
22:52
Speaker 1: feel electromagnetic interactions, so they fly through this stuff and
22:54
Speaker 1: they hardly even get slowed down at all. It's like
22:57
Speaker 1: it just bulldozes through the crowd. Yeah, feels like it's
23:00
Speaker 1: not even really there. Yeah. And so your speed through
23:03
Speaker 1: material depends on how much you interact with that material.
23:06
Speaker 1: And if photons interact more than your particle does, then
23:10
Speaker 1: photons will get slowed down more than your particle does,
23:12
Speaker 1: and your particle will win. It will come down the
23:15
Speaker 1: other side of that material faster earlier than the other.
23:18
Speaker 1: Photons always go at the speed of light. Muans cannot
23:21
Speaker 1: go to the speed of light now because no particle
23:23
Speaker 1: that has masks can go at the speed of light.
23:25
Speaker 1: But they can go really fast. They can go point
23:28
Speaker 1: or or something. I think if you accelerate a muan
23:31
Speaker 1: enough and then start getting a piece of glass with
23:34
Speaker 1: a photon, THEO would win. Yeah, if you shoot a
23:38
Speaker 1: muon a gun at and you have a laser next
23:42
Speaker 1: to it, then the muan is going to come outside
23:44
Speaker 1: the piece of glass faster than the laser would good
23:47
Speaker 1: for the muan. And electrons do this also. An electron
23:51
Speaker 1: can go faster than light to electrons can go fast
23:54
Speaker 1: in the light as well, and that's actually what gives
23:56
Speaker 1: you the blue glow. And when particles do go faster
23:59
Speaker 1: than light, then they had this really crazy effect called
24:02
Speaker 1: charnkof radiation and it was actually churnk Off. He saw
24:05
Speaker 1: this blue glow and then he used this idea to
24:08
Speaker 1: explain it. Nobody understood like why is this stuff glowing
24:11
Speaker 1: blue in these early nuclear experiments And he's the one
24:14
Speaker 1: who came up with this explanation that maybe they're glowing
24:17
Speaker 1: blue because they're going faster than the speed of light.
24:19
Speaker 1: And he worked out all the math and he and
24:20
Speaker 1: he showed why it happens. But wait, what did he
24:23
Speaker 1: actually see, Like what was in front of him was
24:24
Speaker 1: the radioactive material or was it just like going through glass?
24:29
Speaker 1: But what was the thing that he actually noticed? Well,
24:32
Speaker 1: what they were doing is they had a bottle of
24:35
Speaker 1: water and they were shooting it with radiation right there.
24:39
Speaker 1: This is in the early days, in the thirties, before
24:41
Speaker 1: we really understood nuclear physics as well as we do now,
24:45
Speaker 1: and they were just shooting it with particles and they
24:47
Speaker 1: saw this blue light come out, and you know, they
24:49
Speaker 1: didn't understand what caused it. Now, of course, we understand
24:52
Speaker 1: that it was triggering other radioactive processes in the water
24:56
Speaker 1: and some of those shootout electrons that moved through the
24:59
Speaker 1: water fast, stir than the light can. And then it
25:02
Speaker 1: gives off this blue glow, which is one of my
25:04
Speaker 1: favorite things in physics. You mean a radiation, Well, radiation
25:08
Speaker 1: is pretty awesome, or just the color blue, No, and
25:11
Speaker 1: it's a nice blue. But this blue glow comes from
25:13
Speaker 1: a special effect and it's sort of similar to a
25:16
Speaker 1: sonic boom. All right, let's get into this sonic boom
25:19
Speaker 1: but with light, and let's get into what actually happens
25:22
Speaker 1: when you go faster than light. But first let's take
25:25
Speaker 1: a quick break. All right, So it is possible to
25:40
Speaker 1: beat light and go faster than light, but only if
25:43
Speaker 1: you go through a material that slows light down, and
25:47
Speaker 1: it only views something that doesn't get slowed down by
25:49
Speaker 1: the glass. So and you're saying that's where where this
25:52
Speaker 1: sharankovation comes from. Yeah, I think about it like a
25:55
Speaker 1: boat on a on a lake. If you just dropped
25:58
Speaker 1: a rock into a lake, then what happens. You get ripples,
26:00
Speaker 1: and the ripples move out from the rock. But if
26:03
Speaker 1: you drop a series of rocks, then you get a
26:05
Speaker 1: series of ripples. Now imagine you're dropping a series of rocks,
26:09
Speaker 1: but you're moving faster than the ripples. Then you end
26:12
Speaker 1: up with this wake like behind the boat for example.
26:15
Speaker 1: That's why if you drive a boat quickly, you get
26:17
Speaker 1: a wake behind the boat, because you're moving faster than
26:20
Speaker 1: the waves that are being made by your boat, and
26:22
Speaker 1: they're building up. They're building up on top of each other.
26:25
Speaker 1: And you're saying that that happens with light. Yeah, And
26:29
Speaker 1: the same thing happens in the air. If you move
26:31
Speaker 1: faster than the speed of sound, you get a sonic boom.
26:34
Speaker 1: It's like a wake in the air. All those sounds
26:37
Speaker 1: are adding up together to make you this with this
26:39
Speaker 1: one big wave. So all the noise of the airplane
26:43
Speaker 1: from one second ago, and two seconds ago, and five
26:45
Speaker 1: seconds ago, it is all arriving at the same time
26:47
Speaker 1: because it's moving faster than the sound it's making like
26:50
Speaker 1: it's moving faster than the light can get out of
26:54
Speaker 1: your way, and so you sort of accumulate a whole
26:56
Speaker 1: bunch of air in front of you. That's kind of
26:58
Speaker 1: what the sonic boom is. That's a sonic boom is,
27:00
Speaker 1: and you hear it when that wake washes over you
27:03
Speaker 1: if you're on the surface. Now, the cool thing is,
27:05
Speaker 1: if you move faster than light, then you're moving faster
27:09
Speaker 1: than the image that you make. Okay, so this is
27:11
Speaker 1: like an optic boom. Yeah, it's like a luminal bloom.
27:14
Speaker 1: I don't know, you should come up with a name
27:16
Speaker 1: for it, but it's it's about a light boom that
27:21
Speaker 1: sounds like something you'd use while in the production of
27:23
Speaker 1: a movie. So I guess paying me through this. So
27:25
Speaker 1: I'm a mun or some other radio active particle and
27:28
Speaker 1: I'm moving through glass and I'm moving faster than light. Yeah,
27:32
Speaker 1: So any light that you emit, you are leaving it behind.
27:37
Speaker 1: And then if in a second later you emit more light,
27:39
Speaker 1: you're also leaving that behind. So now the light is
27:41
Speaker 1: sort of spreading out behind you, just the way a
27:44
Speaker 1: boat would when it's moving across the surface of a lake.
27:47
Speaker 1: But you're moving faster than the light you're making. And
27:49
Speaker 1: so just the same way a boat makes awake or
27:52
Speaker 1: an airplane going fast in the speed of sound makes
27:55
Speaker 1: a sonic boom, which is just a wake in the air,
27:58
Speaker 1: you are making a wake of light. Wait, I guess
28:01
Speaker 1: I'm not quite sure understanding. I'm understanding. So let's say
28:04
Speaker 1: I wasn't going faster than light. So I'm a muan.
28:06
Speaker 1: I'm going through glass slowly. I hid a piece of glass,
28:10
Speaker 1: and I emit photon right, that's kind of what happens,
28:14
Speaker 1: And so the photon um just flies up in front
28:17
Speaker 1: of me or what. Yeah, if you're moving slower than light,
28:20
Speaker 1: like most of us do most days, then the any
28:23
Speaker 1: image you make, any light that you emit, leaves you
28:26
Speaker 1: and you don't catch up to it. Right, right, it's
28:29
Speaker 1: gone in front of me because its gone behind me.
28:32
Speaker 1: You emit light in all directions, right, You're not like
28:34
Speaker 1: a black hole on one side. And so muans are similar.
28:37
Speaker 1: They can emit light in any directions, and when they
28:38
Speaker 1: moved to a medium, they tend to radiate a little bit, okay,
28:42
Speaker 1: and they emit light sort of in every direction. So
28:44
Speaker 1: imagine like circular wavefront leaving this muan. Those are photons
28:48
Speaker 1: shot out in every direction from the muan. But now
28:51
Speaker 1: the muan overtakes the ones that were going in the
28:54
Speaker 1: direction it was going, and it makes another wave front
28:58
Speaker 1: leaving it. So this is like dropping in another rock
29:00
Speaker 1: in the lake, and that one adds up to the
29:03
Speaker 1: photons that made previously, and but then it gets it
29:06
Speaker 1: catches up to those and passes those and makes another one,
29:09
Speaker 1: and so add these ripples get larger and larger they
29:12
Speaker 1: add up to this wavefront. And that wavefront is the
29:15
Speaker 1: luminal bloom or or whatever you wanna call it. Um
29:18
Speaker 1: this wake in light that it's making, and that is
29:22
Speaker 1: the blue glow. And because of the way they add up,
29:24
Speaker 1: and because the muon is going so fast, it tends
29:27
Speaker 1: to happen more often at bluer frequencies, and so it
29:31
Speaker 1: actually emits trink arf radiation and a whole spectrum of frequencies.
29:35
Speaker 1: You just mostly see the blue part because it happens
29:38
Speaker 1: more often in the blue range. And so that's what
29:40
Speaker 1: drink arf radiation is. Drink or radiation is really like
29:43
Speaker 1: the sonic boom for light, and that's what you're seeing
29:46
Speaker 1: when you look at a nuclear reactor, you're seeing electrons
29:49
Speaker 1: that are like kicked off from from radioactive decay or
29:52
Speaker 1: from nuclear reactions, going faster than light can in that
29:55
Speaker 1: water or in that material that they're sitting because they're
29:58
Speaker 1: getting kicked out really fast. They're going to kick that
30:01
Speaker 1: really fast, faster than light can go through whatever material
30:04
Speaker 1: they're sitting in. Oh, I see, but normal electrons, like
30:08
Speaker 1: if I just run a current roop some water not
30:11
Speaker 1: recommended in your bathtub. But if I just cause it
30:15
Speaker 1: short in like a body of water, I wouldn't get
30:18
Speaker 1: this blue globe, would I? Yeah, you need the electrons
30:21
Speaker 1: to be going really fast. And the same way, if
30:23
Speaker 1: you took those same really fast electrons and you teleported
30:26
Speaker 1: them into space, you had that reaction happening space, you
30:28
Speaker 1: wouldn't get the blue glow because the blue glow only
30:31
Speaker 1: comes from beating the speed of those photons in that material.
30:35
Speaker 1: And so in a vacuum, you can't beat the speed
30:37
Speaker 1: of those materials. Because in these nuclear reactions, they usually
30:40
Speaker 1: have these fuel rods embedded in some material to capture
30:44
Speaker 1: the energy, etcetera. To cool it. Then the electrons can
30:47
Speaker 1: go faster than the photons do through that cooling material,
30:50
Speaker 1: which is usually some special kind of water, because in
30:53
Speaker 1: that way, in the nuclear reactor, it's it's the electrons
30:56
Speaker 1: start shooting off really really fast, which is causing them
30:59
Speaker 1: the In fact, that's what the water is for, right,
31:02
Speaker 1: It's to slow down the electrons coming off. I think so. Yeah,
31:06
Speaker 1: it gathers the energy from the neutrons and the electrons
31:10
Speaker 1: that fly off, and also I think it keeps the
31:11
Speaker 1: fuel rods from getting too hot and going critical. You know,
31:14
Speaker 1: from my extensive research and watching to Drink In, watching Chernobyl,
31:19
Speaker 1: from your extensive research watching Watchman and Dr Vanhan, you
31:24
Speaker 1: can conclude that it is possible for God to fall
31:27
Speaker 1: in love with the woman. That's right. And you know,
31:29
Speaker 1: it really is true in real life that nuclear reactors
31:32
Speaker 1: glow blue. And I think that's why people associate that
31:35
Speaker 1: color with nuclear reactions, and that's probably why the artist
31:39
Speaker 1: for Watchman made Doctor Manhattan globe blue. Interesting. And you've
31:42
Speaker 1: you've seen this with your own eyes. You saw like
31:44
Speaker 1: the tub of water glowing blue. Yeah. You can go
31:47
Speaker 1: down the basement of one of the chemistry buildings here
31:49
Speaker 1: at you see your behind where they have a working
31:50
Speaker 1: nuclear reactor and you can just look at it and
31:53
Speaker 1: it glows blue. Anyone from the street can just walk
31:55
Speaker 1: into a nuclear reactor. Tell them Daniel whiteson SENSU the
32:00
Speaker 1: dip their toes into the blue water. That's how it's
32:03
Speaker 1: totally safe. No, you can't just go down. You have
32:05
Speaker 1: to arrange a tour and it's limited to I thinks
32:07
Speaker 1: students and this the sps here at u c I,
32:10
Speaker 1: which is awesome. Arrange is a tour of the nuclear
32:13
Speaker 1: reactor every year for the physics grad students and undergrads.
32:16
Speaker 1: And so I tagged along one time. All right, so
32:19
Speaker 1: that's pretty cool that we can beat light in a
32:21
Speaker 1: foot race. I guess if you're ever inside of a material,
32:25
Speaker 1: And so that's pretty good bragging rights. And also it's
32:28
Speaker 1: nice to just flaunt the loss of physics. Right. Does
32:30
Speaker 1: that feel good? It does? It does feel good to
32:32
Speaker 1: say you thought you could limit us, you thought you
32:35
Speaker 1: could crack down on us and keep us from getting
32:37
Speaker 1: what we want. Humanity can outlawyer you, Universe. We have
32:43
Speaker 1: better lawyers than you. It's like when your parents said,
32:45
Speaker 1: you know, no more than two cookies and then you
32:47
Speaker 1: eat ice cream instead, and you said, well, you didn't
32:48
Speaker 1: say anything about ice cream. I'm sure that your parents
32:53
Speaker 1: love it, just like the universe hypothetical situation. All right,
32:57
Speaker 1: so then what so what is it besides sort of
32:59
Speaker 1: a nice blue glow and sort of bragging rights. What
33:02
Speaker 1: can we use this effect for? Is it useful for anything? Yeah,
33:05
Speaker 1: there are experiments that are looking for really high energy
33:08
Speaker 1: neutrinos coming from like other galaxies or who knows what.
33:13
Speaker 1: And they passed through the Earth to use the entire
33:16
Speaker 1: Earth as a detector, and as they're passing through the Earth,
33:19
Speaker 1: they emit a mu on. They turned into a muon,
33:22
Speaker 1: And what we want to do is capture that muan.
33:24
Speaker 1: And in order to do that, you need a really
33:27
Speaker 1: large detector. You need like a cubic mile of detector
33:31
Speaker 1: in order to measure the speed of these things. So
33:33
Speaker 1: what they do is they use a cubic mile of ice.
33:37
Speaker 1: They go down to Antarctica where there's like miles and
33:39
Speaker 1: miles of ice, and they embed camera. They drill these
33:42
Speaker 1: crazy long mile long holes and they drop down a
33:46
Speaker 1: string of cameras and then they just pour water over
33:49
Speaker 1: it and it freezes up and they never see them again.
33:52
Speaker 1: But they have a one mile cube. It's like a
33:55
Speaker 1: huge ice cube and they have all these strings of
33:58
Speaker 1: cameras drill down into it, and they see muans coming
34:02
Speaker 1: up from inside the Earth and emitting tcharenk Off radiation
34:06
Speaker 1: inside the ice. What it's like does a flash? Does
34:10
Speaker 1: see a flash? Or they'll see the ice glow. They
34:12
Speaker 1: see this ring, right, because trink Off radiation is like
34:15
Speaker 1: a sonic boom. It comes off in this circle. So
34:17
Speaker 1: you see this ring of blue come through the ice,
34:20
Speaker 1: and you can use that to measure the direction to
34:22
Speaker 1: the muan and it's speed. You're saying, these come from
34:24
Speaker 1: neutrinos that create the muans. The neutrinos come from who
34:28
Speaker 1: knows where, and then they pass through the Earth the
34:31
Speaker 1: sort of like upwards, going through the Earth, and then
34:34
Speaker 1: in the Earth they make these muans. And then we
34:36
Speaker 1: see the muans in the ice through this Sharenkov radiation
34:39
Speaker 1: because there these are going then faster than light. Yeah,
34:42
Speaker 1: they're really high energy muans and they're going faster than
34:44
Speaker 1: light does in the ice and they make these crazy
34:47
Speaker 1: blue glow. And so this is a technique we use
34:49
Speaker 1: in particle physics all the time to spot really fast
34:52
Speaker 1: particles because they make this special radiation and the angle
34:56
Speaker 1: of the of the light that comes off them tells
34:58
Speaker 1: you exactly the la city of the particle because you
35:01
Speaker 1: can tell how fast it's going by when it hits
35:05
Speaker 1: different cameras, Like you actually see an image of it. Yeah,
35:08
Speaker 1: you can see an image. You can see the circle
35:10
Speaker 1: that it emits, and you know the particle was going
35:12
Speaker 1: right through the center of the circle emits this cone
35:14
Speaker 1: of blue light and the angle of that cone tells
35:17
Speaker 1: you the velocity of the particle, and of course the
35:19
Speaker 1: particle went through the center, so you know the direction,
35:22
Speaker 1: and so you get these awesome three D images. And
35:25
Speaker 1: I just love the idea of like droolling down a
35:28
Speaker 1: mile into ice and dropping cameras into it. Makes it
35:32
Speaker 1: feel better about dropping your iPhone in your toilet. Scientists
35:38
Speaker 1: have done much much worse. Yeah, that's a pretty cool experience,
35:43
Speaker 1: which you maybe get into Antarctic signs. It seems like
35:46
Speaker 1: they do a lot down there, and you can actually
35:48
Speaker 1: even see churnk of radiation with your own eyes. So
35:51
Speaker 1: I have to be a mile down into the Antarctic ice,
35:54
Speaker 1: you don't. You can just have to get lucky because
35:57
Speaker 1: the material in your eyeballs also the same property photons
36:02
Speaker 1: go through its slower than high energy particles. So if
36:05
Speaker 1: a muon passes through this vitreous humor, this goop that's
36:09
Speaker 1: inside your eyeball, you will see a flash of blue.
36:12
Speaker 1: Really if a muan, If a fast moving muon goes
36:16
Speaker 1: into my eye. If I took a mu on gun
36:18
Speaker 1: and I shot a beam of muans into your eyeballs,
36:20
Speaker 1: which I will not do, but you would see a
36:23
Speaker 1: blue glow in your eyes, you would be Dr Manhattan basically,
36:27
Speaker 1: or you you would look like Dr Benhanton. Please put
36:33
Speaker 1: on some clothes, Daniel, But I'm definitely that cut. I mean, yeah,
36:36
Speaker 1: at least those black, nice black shorts that he speedoes
36:40
Speaker 1: that he wears. Yeah, so you can see churnk rverdiation
36:45
Speaker 1: with your own eyes. Now, it's not very common, but
36:47
Speaker 1: it can be done. Wow, I never thought about that.
36:50
Speaker 1: I guess the light that's hitting the back of my
36:53
Speaker 1: eye is not going as fast as it could be. No,
36:56
Speaker 1: it's slowed down by the goop in your eyeballs. If
36:59
Speaker 1: your eyeballs had vacuums in them, that you'd see things
37:02
Speaker 1: are tying a bit sooner. Right, Yeah, I'm getting an
37:06
Speaker 1: unnecessary delay in my information here. I feel like there's
37:09
Speaker 1: a startup idea somewhere there. Bit faster, that's right. Now,
37:16
Speaker 1: get your what's your Netflix shows? A little bit faster
37:20
Speaker 1: technically by inserting this bag in your eye, phall, it's
37:26
Speaker 1: a good thing. This is not a medical advice show, right,
37:29
Speaker 1: and everything will look less blue. Also, yeah, that's true. Yeah,
37:34
Speaker 1: all right. Well that's a pretty interesting phenomenon. And it's
37:37
Speaker 1: pretty interesting to know that the laws of physics have loopholes,
37:41
Speaker 1: like who knows what else can have a loop loophole?
37:43
Speaker 1: That's right. So come by to Daniel Whiteson, physics attorney
37:46
Speaker 1: at law, and I will figure out how to accomplish
37:49
Speaker 1: what it is you want to get done without breaking
37:52
Speaker 1: any laws of physics. That's right. To go down to
37:54
Speaker 1: whites and whiteson and whites and LP. That's right. Black
38:00
Speaker 1: hole immigration attorneys, Light particle physicists. Do you have an
38:06
Speaker 1: undocumented black hole in your backyard? We can help you.
38:09
Speaker 1: Have you been in a physics accident, even if you
38:14
Speaker 1: were at fault, we will we will speculate about the causality.
38:20
Speaker 1: There was a delay that now the light got to
38:22
Speaker 1: his eyeball, it's not his fault. It's a pre existing
38:26
Speaker 1: condition of the universe. All right. Well, it's pretty cool,
38:30
Speaker 1: and who knows what other loopholes are will discover in
38:33
Speaker 1: the future. That's right. This should inspire you because if
38:35
Speaker 1: there's something you want to get done in the universe
38:37
Speaker 1: and you thought it was impossible, there might be a
38:40
Speaker 1: way to work around the laws of physics. All right,
38:42
Speaker 1: thank you very much for joining us, guys and gals
38:44
Speaker 1: out there. We hope you enjoyed that. See you next time.
38:47
Speaker 1: And if you're interested in asking us a question you'd
38:50
Speaker 1: like to hear us answer on the podcast, please don't
38:52
Speaker 1: be shy. I send it to questions at Daniel and
38:55
Speaker 1: Jorge dot com. Before you still have a question after
39:05
Speaker 1: listening to all these explanations, please drop us a line.
39:08
Speaker 1: We'd love to hear from you. You can find us
39:10
Speaker 1: on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram at Daniel and Jorge that's
39:14
Speaker 1: one word, or email us at Feedback at Daniel and
39:17
Speaker 1: Jorge dot com. Thanks for listening, and remember that Daniel
39:21
Speaker 1: and Jorge Explain the Universe is a production of I
39:24
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