Latest / Do You F*cking Mind? / 371. The top 10 cognitive biases that may be affecting all your decisions - and how to change them

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371. The top 10 cognitive biases that may be affecting all your decisions - and how to change them · Do You F*cking Mind?

0:10
Speaker 1: Hello, beautiful people, Welcome to the episode of Today. So
0:13
Speaker 1: this episode, I'm going to go through the ten well
0:17
Speaker 1: I don't know about Maine, but ten important cognitive biases
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Speaker 1: to be aware of, for mental or psychological biases to
0:25
Speaker 1: be aware of so you can make much better decisions.
0:28
Speaker 1: And I'm talking about decisions when you're purchasing something, whether
0:31
Speaker 1: it's big or small, decisions for your own future, about
0:34
Speaker 1: your career, about your own abilities, any kind of decision.
0:38
Speaker 1: Because we, by nature are fucking biased creatures. We just
0:44
Speaker 1: can't help it. We've got a very complicated and advanced
0:48
Speaker 1: which also makes it even more complicated psychology and brain.
0:52
Speaker 1: So due to how we've evolved, in a way, it
0:55
Speaker 1: serves us to be biased because we lean into the
0:58
Speaker 1: things that we know more of, we lean into the
1:00
Speaker 1: things that we think are the right thing, and it
1:03
Speaker 1: helps us to kind of steer ourselves in what we
1:06
Speaker 1: think is the right decision for our lives. So the
1:08
Speaker 1: point of being biased is there, I think more as
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Speaker 1: a protective mechanism. However, like most things, they don't always
1:15
Speaker 1: work perfectly. And I think that just the simple act
1:19
Speaker 1: of being aware of a bias is going to help
1:23
Speaker 1: you realize like, wait, why am I agreeing with these people?
1:26
Speaker 1: Or why do I take on board so heavily what
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Speaker 1: my whole family used to do when it's not what
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Speaker 1: I want to do? Or why do I feel that
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Speaker 1: it's so wrong for me to make this decision when
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Speaker 1: it's not actually hurting anyone, Or why do I feel
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Speaker 1: like I need to stay stuck in this place? Or
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Speaker 1: why do I feel like I'm always purchasing that kind
1:42
Speaker 1: of thing? Or it's really interesting. So I'm going through
1:46
Speaker 1: the ten that I found really interesting and to take
1:50
Speaker 1: on board, and you will probably resonate. Also, I want
1:55
Speaker 1: to say that there's a lot of button not a lot,
1:57
Speaker 1: but there's a handful of biases here that not everyone
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Speaker 1: will have, but they are all very common. Okay, let's
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Speaker 1: fucking get into it. Hopefully by the end of this
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Speaker 1: episode you can be like, Wow, I'm just opening my
2:08
Speaker 1: eyes more and I can start applying it. Because the
2:11
Speaker 1: beauty of all ten things that I'm going to mention
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Speaker 1: is sometimes it just requires awareness for you to be
2:17
Speaker 1: able to be like, all right, I'm just going to
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Speaker 1: be aware of the situation, aware of how I'm thinking,
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Speaker 1: and that's enough to change how you think about something,
2:26
Speaker 1: or even if you don't change how you think about it,
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Speaker 1: it's enough to help you feel less guilty or feel
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Speaker 1: less like you are not in control with your life.
2:34
Speaker 1: A lot of the time we fall into these biases
2:37
Speaker 1: when it comes down to being too conservative with the
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Speaker 1: choices with our life, and then we become dissatisfied with
2:43
Speaker 1: our life because we've believed certain things or thought certain things. Anyway,
2:48
Speaker 1: let's fucking get straight into it. Hello, my beautiful beans.
3:08
Speaker 1: Whether you're a long time listener to this podcast or
3:11
Speaker 1: tuning in for the first time, I hope you will
3:13
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Speaker 1: now wherever audiobooks are sold. Start listening today. So number one,
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Speaker 1: I've spoken about this one before, so I'm going to
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Speaker 1: brush over it briefly, but it is loss aversion or
3:45
Speaker 1: how I've also referred to it as the sunk cost fallacy.
3:49
Speaker 1: All right. So loss aversion is pretty much a psychological
3:53
Speaker 1: concept where people have a tendency to prefer avoiding losses
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Speaker 1: over acquiring equivalent gains. Okay, And what I mean by
4:03
Speaker 1: equivalent is, if we're using the example of like money,
4:07
Speaker 1: people would rather avoid losing one hundred dollars than gaining
4:13
Speaker 1: one hundred dollars. Okay, So we are aversive towards loss.
4:17
Speaker 1: So it's this idea that the pain of losing something
4:21
Speaker 1: is felt on an emotional level more intensely than the
4:25
Speaker 1: pleasure of gaining that thing of equivalent value. Okay. This
4:28
Speaker 1: is what leads people to hold on to, you know,
4:32
Speaker 1: investments a lot longer than they should. They're really hoping
4:35
Speaker 1: to avoid realizing a loss, even though selling that thing
4:39
Speaker 1: would be a much smarter decision. Okay. So they're thinking, like,
4:42
Speaker 1: I don't want to lose this investment because it's you know,
4:46
Speaker 1: even though they know that it's worth less than what
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Speaker 1: they wanted it to be worth. They would rather hold
4:51
Speaker 1: on to it, not technically lose it, even if it
4:53
Speaker 1: could mean some kind of gain for them. Okay. And
4:56
Speaker 1: then of course it affects you in everyday decisions as well.
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Speaker 1: You know, we look at all, all kinds of scenarios
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Speaker 1: in our life where we don't want to lose. I
5:03
Speaker 1: don't want to have said that I lost all this time.
5:05
Speaker 1: I'm going to stay in a relationship that I'm not
5:07
Speaker 1: really that happy with. But I'm in my mid thirties
5:09
Speaker 1: and I've been in this relationship for ten years. So
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Speaker 1: instead of when you weigh it up, you think, do
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Speaker 1: I stay in this relationship miserable? But then I'm losing
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Speaker 1: this relationship and I'm wasting quote unquote, I'm doing quotation
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Speaker 1: marks because you never waste. But I'm wasting all these
5:24
Speaker 1: years when I could be potentially finding a really happy
5:27
Speaker 1: relationship or potentially being really happy alone where I can
5:32
Speaker 1: live my life on my own terms. Okay. The same
5:34
Speaker 1: goes for career, for jobs where you stay in a
5:37
Speaker 1: career because you've had you've got a degree in that
5:40
Speaker 1: career and you don't want to realize that loss instead
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Speaker 1: of going off and chasing something that you actually want
5:44
Speaker 1: to do, so loss aversion. Always be aware that when
5:47
Speaker 1: you are making a decision based on protecting something that
5:52
Speaker 1: you're trying not to lose versus going out and doing
5:55
Speaker 1: that thing, you have to just be aware that you
5:58
Speaker 1: are skewed to avoid losses, so just the wenes that
6:02
Speaker 1: helps you be like, all right, I need to look
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Speaker 1: at where my bias is right now and ask is
6:06
Speaker 1: this valid? Is it appropriate for me to feel this way? Okay?
6:11
Speaker 1: So if you're thinking I want to quit my job
6:13
Speaker 1: and move overseas, but when it comes down to it,
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Speaker 1: the actual quitting of the job feels way too difficult,
6:18
Speaker 1: You're like, I can't lose this, Akara, Know that you
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Speaker 1: are skewed to avoid loss and is this going to
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Speaker 1: actually play out for you in the long term and
6:27
Speaker 1: you're going to regret not doing something because you're so
6:29
Speaker 1: scared of avoiding that loss? Okay. The next one is
6:32
Speaker 1: self serving bias. So self serving bias is another really
6:37
Speaker 1: common psychological tendency where and mind you, if you're someone
6:42
Speaker 1: with like crazy imposter syndrome, this is not going to
6:44
Speaker 1: be you. But a lot of people, even people who
6:47
Speaker 1: do not have high self esteem, fall into the category
6:50
Speaker 1: of self serving bias. So stay tuned. It's a psychological
6:54
Speaker 1: tendency where we will attribute the good things, our successes,
7:01
Speaker 1: our wins to internal factors. So things like when you
7:06
Speaker 1: do well at something, it's due to your tenacity or
7:08
Speaker 1: due to your consistency or your intelligence, or your effort
7:12
Speaker 1: or your own any kind of ability. But then you
7:16
Speaker 1: will blame external factors for your losses, like bad luck,
7:21
Speaker 1: the actions of other people, the circumstances that you were
7:26
Speaker 1: surrounded with, bad timing, things like that. So this kind
7:29
Speaker 1: of bias is in place to protect your own self esteem, okay,
7:33
Speaker 1: it is there to protect our self image. And the
7:37
Speaker 1: reason this happens is because we attach too much of
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Speaker 1: what we do to our identity and we think that
7:44
Speaker 1: if I failed at something and I admit that it
7:47
Speaker 1: was my fault and it was somewhat within my control,
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Speaker 1: then I am a failure, okay. Whereas someone who's really
7:56
Speaker 1: comfortable in their own skin and who's quite confident, but
8:00
Speaker 1: like not ego confident, just confident with who they are,
8:03
Speaker 1: they are more willing to admit that it was through
8:06
Speaker 1: either lack of preparation or maybe someone was just prepared
8:09
Speaker 1: better than they were, or you know, if you go
8:12
Speaker 1: for an audition, instead of being like, oh, the director
8:15
Speaker 1: just didn't like me, or they're biased, or they're this
8:18
Speaker 1: or they're that, you could think not I did my best,
8:21
Speaker 1: but I feel like the other actor was just better
8:23
Speaker 1: than me on the day. You know, they either prepared better,
8:27
Speaker 1: they were just a better Like you're just calling it
8:28
Speaker 1: for what it is. You are acknowledging your limitations in
8:31
Speaker 1: certain areas. Another reason is, let's say you try and
8:35
Speaker 1: start a fitness regime or diet or a new plan
8:38
Speaker 1: or a new challenge and it doesn't work out. You say, well,
8:41
Speaker 1: you know, it's just that there were too many parties,
8:43
Speaker 1: and it's just that, you know, my partner always, you know,
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Speaker 1: encourages me to do something else instead when I'm getting
8:49
Speaker 1: ready for the gym, or it's just just it just
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Speaker 1: rains so much, and this and that. The problem with
8:54
Speaker 1: that mentality is that even though there are going to
8:56
Speaker 1: be external factors that do get in the way that
8:59
Speaker 1: can cause speed bumps along the way, in general, if
9:03
Speaker 1: you're consistent enough, those things don't cause you to fail. Okay,
9:07
Speaker 1: But if you're always attributing you not succeeding to external things,
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Speaker 1: then what does that mean. It means that the next
9:14
Speaker 1: time you're going to go for that goal, you're probably
9:17
Speaker 1: going to approach it the exact same way because you're
9:18
Speaker 1: not taking ownership as to why it failed the last time.
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Speaker 1: And this has nothing to do with negative self talk
9:24
Speaker 1: or with calling yourself a failure or whatever. It's actually
9:27
Speaker 1: completely opposite. It's saying I want to be in control
9:31
Speaker 1: of where I'm headed. Being in control makes me more confident,
9:34
Speaker 1: makes me a lot happier. If I can critically look
9:38
Speaker 1: at my behavior and pull out what's not working for
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Speaker 1: me and learn from my mistakes, then I'm going to
9:44
Speaker 1: be a lot more dynamic. I'm going to be a
9:46
Speaker 1: lot more flexible. I'm going to be less grounded and
9:48
Speaker 1: rooted in certain things, and I'm going to be a
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Speaker 1: lot easier going when things don't work out my way
9:54
Speaker 1: because I can look at it, reframe it, change what
9:57
Speaker 1: needs to be changed, and go at it again. If
9:59
Speaker 1: you try try and do this, let's use the fitness
10:01
Speaker 1: thing as an example. If you tried to do that
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Speaker 1: and you used every excuse under the sun as to
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Speaker 1: why you gave up halfway other than saying I just
10:08
Speaker 1: wasn't consistent enough, maybe I need to change things within
10:10
Speaker 1: my behavior, then the next time you embark on that
10:13
Speaker 1: same goal, you're going to approach it in the exact
10:17
Speaker 1: same way, not taking accountability when things don't go right.
10:20
Speaker 1: And then you're just continue to blame external things and
10:23
Speaker 1: nothing changes. So the issue with self serving bias is
10:26
Speaker 1: that we aren't good at learning from our mistakes. We
10:30
Speaker 1: refuse to learn from our mistakes. And because we don't
10:32
Speaker 1: like making mistakes, because we're so avoidant of mistakes, we
10:35
Speaker 1: are probably also less likely to take bigger risks when
10:39
Speaker 1: we go and do something. So we're more likely to
10:41
Speaker 1: because we want to be like, oh, due to my
10:43
Speaker 1: intelligence that this went well, it's due to this, due
10:46
Speaker 1: to that, and so we don't aim the bar. We
10:49
Speaker 1: don't set the bar too high because we don't want
10:53
Speaker 1: to call ourselves out when we do something wrong. Okay,
10:57
Speaker 1: so this is key when it comes to goal setting.
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Speaker 1: You really, really really want to be good at learning
11:03
Speaker 1: from your failures. That's the best way to be a
11:04
Speaker 1: good goal setter is to learn from your mistakes and
11:07
Speaker 1: failures and own it, because when you own your failure,
11:09
Speaker 1: it's a lot easier to own your wins. The next
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Speaker 1: one is heard mentality. Now, herd mentality applies to a
11:16
Speaker 1: whole lot of things. Okay, this one's also known as
11:19
Speaker 1: mob mentality or herd behavior I think I've done a podcast,
11:23
Speaker 1: or mob mentality I don't know, maybe not, maybe it aren't,
11:26
Speaker 1: but it refers to the tendency for someone to conform
11:30
Speaker 1: to the actions or the behaviors or the opinions of
11:33
Speaker 1: a larger group. Now, additionally to that, it's where you're
11:37
Speaker 1: not thinking independently or you're not critically appraising that situation. Okay,
11:41
Speaker 1: so you're just being like, oh, these people think that
11:43
Speaker 1: I'm going to do that without actually thinking about it. Now, disclaimer,
11:47
Speaker 1: this is not the same as you know, I'm going
11:50
Speaker 1: to go against the grain because that's the popular belief.
11:53
Speaker 1: And if it's a popular belief, it means that they're
11:55
Speaker 1: all sheep and they all don't even think about it,
11:57
Speaker 1: and they all no, it doesn't there's nothing at all
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Speaker 1: wrong with going along with the crowd, as long as
12:03
Speaker 1: you're like, yeah, I agree, I've thought about it, and
12:06
Speaker 1: I agree, and so therefore I'm going to go along
12:09
Speaker 1: with the crowd. Some people think they go to the
12:12
Speaker 1: extreme thinking I don't want to do what the masses do.
12:16
Speaker 1: And again that's not thinking for yourself, because if you're thinking,
12:18
Speaker 1: well automatically, if the masses are doing it, then they
12:22
Speaker 1: must be sheep or they must be wrong, and I'm
12:24
Speaker 1: going to go the other way. That's again not thinking
12:25
Speaker 1: for yourself. So herd mentality's got nothing to do with
12:28
Speaker 1: not going with the crowd. It's where you go with
12:30
Speaker 1: the crowd without thinking for yourself. Okay, now we could
12:34
Speaker 1: talk about it from like a society level, but I'm
12:36
Speaker 1: not going to even get that deep. I'm not going
12:38
Speaker 1: to be talking about you know that that's things like
12:40
Speaker 1: bitcoin or things like you know, the financial market. A
12:43
Speaker 1: lot of that has to do with herd mentality, with
12:45
Speaker 1: people are investing their money or throwing their money at something.
12:48
Speaker 1: But let's bring it down on a more personal scale
12:52
Speaker 1: and think about how potentially herd mentality can affect your
12:55
Speaker 1: decisions for your own future. So if you look at
12:57
Speaker 1: your community, maybe you live in a smaller town, or
13:00
Speaker 1: maybe you're you know, the people that you surround yourself with,
13:03
Speaker 1: your social group, your social network, your family, if they
13:07
Speaker 1: all have certain beliefs and these could be beliefs around
13:11
Speaker 1: other groups of people where they're really judgmental. Maybe you've
13:14
Speaker 1: you know, maybe someone or not even maybe Often people
13:18
Speaker 1: will grow up being racist because of herd mentality, right
13:22
Speaker 1: or homophobic because of HERD mentality. They grow up with
13:26
Speaker 1: these beliefs of like, oh my god, that's just wrong
13:29
Speaker 1: or that's just this, or that's just that, And then
13:31
Speaker 1: sometimes they're faced with this situation where they actually learn
13:33
Speaker 1: for themselves and they actually let are able to think
13:36
Speaker 1: for themselves, and they're like, I don't actually agree with
13:38
Speaker 1: what I was brought up believing just because that's what
13:41
Speaker 1: I was absorbing around me. Okay, so bring it back
13:44
Speaker 1: a little bit, and we're not talking about, you know,
13:46
Speaker 1: discriminating against groups. But maybe you think I can't go
13:50
Speaker 1: and pursue this career because it's embarrassing. People are gonna
13:54
Speaker 1: laugh at me, and I, you know, deep down, feel
13:59
Speaker 1: like I have to agree or I have to do
14:02
Speaker 1: what the people around me do, you know. And the
14:05
Speaker 1: more emotionally attached you are to conforming with the people
14:10
Speaker 1: around you, the harder it is to make decisions for
14:12
Speaker 1: yourself because you fear being judged. You know that if
14:16
Speaker 1: you go against what these people think, they are obviously
14:19
Speaker 1: going to think that you're doing the wrong thing or
14:22
Speaker 1: you're making a mistake. And the more comfortable you are
14:25
Speaker 1: with that, then the easy it is to make your
14:27
Speaker 1: own decisions. So if you can get to a point
14:29
Speaker 1: where you're like, I am genuinely comfortable with the fact
14:33
Speaker 1: that my family thinks that I'm taking too much of
14:36
Speaker 1: a risk moving here or taking this career, or quitting
14:40
Speaker 1: this job and doing this or leaving this partner. I
14:42
Speaker 1: am okay with the fact that they believe something and
14:48
Speaker 1: I believe something else because I've thought about it critically
14:50
Speaker 1: and it's just not right for me. Okay. But if
14:53
Speaker 1: you're constantly thinking, I don't want people to think I'm
14:55
Speaker 1: making the wrong decision, or I've done something stupid, or
14:58
Speaker 1: I've done whatever, I'm going to conform to the herd
15:01
Speaker 1: to be accepted, then it's going to really impact your
15:06
Speaker 1: happiness because you make decisions based on what other people
15:09
Speaker 1: think instead of what you think, and you just agree
15:11
Speaker 1: with them. Okay, So really, really, really pay attention to
15:17
Speaker 1: how herd mentality affects your life. Also in like social settings,
15:20
Speaker 1: like adopting trends or opinions just because the people around
15:23
Speaker 1: you have that opinion and you're like, I want to
15:25
Speaker 1: fit in. Okay. The next one, this is really interesting.
15:28
Speaker 1: Number four is anchoring bias. So this is where people
15:31
Speaker 1: rely really heavily on the first piece of information that
15:33
Speaker 1: they gather on either a person or like a topic
15:38
Speaker 1: or an item that they're purchasing. And so you've got
15:42
Speaker 1: that one first piece of information that you get, and
15:45
Speaker 1: then every other piece of information around that is relative
15:48
Speaker 1: to the first piece of information. Okay to the anchor.
15:51
Speaker 1: Now I'm going to give you an example. So when
15:54
Speaker 1: you are going into a luxury clothing store or a
15:59
Speaker 1: luxury car dealership, you're likely going to be faced with
16:02
Speaker 1: something really really expensive at the start. Okay, that's the anchor.
16:06
Speaker 1: That is how you gain information about this brand. You're like,
16:10
Speaker 1: this is a fucking expensive brand. This is luxury. Then
16:13
Speaker 1: you see an item that in comparison to that first
16:15
Speaker 1: thing that you saw is in comparison it's cheap. If
16:19
Speaker 1: you were to see that item somewhere else, you'd be like,
16:21
Speaker 1: that's really fucking an expensive scaff. But because you saw
16:24
Speaker 1: like a three thousand dollars jacket and then you saw
16:26
Speaker 1: a three hundred dollars scalf, you're like, oh, that's not
16:27
Speaker 1: a bad price for a scuff because you've used you're
16:30
Speaker 1: using the anchor, But really that scuff is fucking expensive.
16:32
Speaker 1: It's three hundred fucking dollars, But you're here about to
16:35
Speaker 1: fucking pay for the scarf because you just saw a
16:37
Speaker 1: three thousand dollar jacket and you're like, that's a good deal.
16:39
Speaker 1: I'm getting a good fucking deal because this brand is
16:42
Speaker 1: so expensive and this is pretty cheap. Okay. The same
16:44
Speaker 1: goes for cars. This is why a lot of businesses
16:46
Speaker 1: will have a really high ticket item just to get
16:49
Speaker 1: you to think that the middle range is cheap. But
16:52
Speaker 1: they're probably only ever trying to sell you the middle range,
16:55
Speaker 1: and a lot of brands use it. It's it's not
16:57
Speaker 1: it's just it's just leaning into psychology to get people
17:00
Speaker 1: to buy your product and to spend money. There's nothing
17:02
Speaker 1: wrong with that as long as you are aware as
17:05
Speaker 1: the consumer being like, all right, it's not necessarily cheap.
17:09
Speaker 1: I can compare it to other products with other brands.
17:11
Speaker 1: But that's what they do. Here's this anchor, the expensive product.
17:14
Speaker 1: That's what you see first. Then you go through the
17:16
Speaker 1: other products and every other product looks like a great deal.
17:18
Speaker 1: So then you're way more likely to spend money because
17:21
Speaker 1: you think you're getting a deal. Okay. But the same
17:24
Speaker 1: thing can happen when we talk about you know people
17:27
Speaker 1: as well. So you might have a really great date
17:29
Speaker 1: with someone and the experience on that night, is this
17:33
Speaker 1: person's charismatic, they're generous, they're funny, they're adventurous. So that's
17:38
Speaker 1: your anchor, the first impression that you had of this person.
17:41
Speaker 1: And then you notice that they do something that's quite shitty,
17:46
Speaker 1: or they're being a bit of a bully, or they're
17:48
Speaker 1: being rude, you kind of will try and dismiss it,
17:52
Speaker 1: being like yeah, but you know, you try and make
17:56
Speaker 1: excuses around it because it's relative to the anchor, but
17:58
Speaker 1: they're such a good person, or the other way around.
18:01
Speaker 1: You might meet an absolute asshole, right, a fuck wit,
18:04
Speaker 1: and you're like, who the fuck is this clown? And
18:07
Speaker 1: then you see them do something nice to somebody and
18:09
Speaker 1: you're like, oh, yeah, they're probably just they're probably just
18:11
Speaker 1: trying to get something out of that person. Maybe, but
18:15
Speaker 1: maybe you saw them when they were just being an
18:18
Speaker 1: absolute asshole, But they do have a good side to them,
18:20
Speaker 1: and maybe that was just out of their good nature
18:22
Speaker 1: to do something nice to someone, if that makes sense.
18:24
Speaker 1: So we will use the anchor the first piece of
18:27
Speaker 1: information as like, that is the base of what we're
18:30
Speaker 1: going to base all our decisions around in comparison to
18:33
Speaker 1: that anchor. All Right, so obviously it's gonna really influence
18:38
Speaker 1: how you judge things, how you judge people, also how
18:41
Speaker 1: you spend your money, and a lot of us are
18:44
Speaker 1: just not really that aware of how much this anchoring
18:47
Speaker 1: bias affects our decision making every day. Okay, then we've
18:53
Speaker 1: got confirmation bias. So confirmation bias, which I think, I
18:58
Speaker 1: don't know how many times I've spoken about it, but
19:00
Speaker 1: I'll brush over it. But it's basically where you will
19:03
Speaker 1: seek out or interpret or remember information that confirms your
19:09
Speaker 1: pre existing beliefs, okay, or thoughts about a certain thing,
19:16
Speaker 1: and then on top of that, you're probably more likely
19:19
Speaker 1: to dismiss things that don't align with your pre existing beliefs.
19:23
Speaker 1: Right now, this obviously affects your like how you process
19:27
Speaker 1: information to make the correct decision about something, and it
19:31
Speaker 1: really leads to people being like either really dramatically leaning
19:35
Speaker 1: to one side or being really skewed in their beliefs.
19:38
Speaker 1: And a great example of this is in politics. And
19:41
Speaker 1: I have a firm belief that I think that social
19:43
Speaker 1: media can be extremely damaging to the political landscape globally,
19:48
Speaker 1: just because social media is the most biased thing in
19:51
Speaker 1: the world. Algorithms are so fucking biased. So an algorithm
19:54
Speaker 1: just keeps pumping out exactly what you want to see.
19:57
Speaker 1: It's not giving you the full picture, not even close
20:00
Speaker 1: to the full picture. It's giving you one very specific slice. Okay.
20:05
Speaker 1: So then you feel further and further and further and
20:07
Speaker 1: further and further away from someone that might vote for
20:11
Speaker 1: another party, okay, And that is confirmation bias. You're pulling
20:14
Speaker 1: in all the information that you agree with that actually
20:17
Speaker 1: serves you, and anything that maybe highlights the good in
20:21
Speaker 1: the opposing party or highlights a good trait in the
20:24
Speaker 1: leader of the opposing party, you will either dismiss or
20:27
Speaker 1: ignore or be like ah nah, but that's not not
20:30
Speaker 1: like you just won't take it on board. So then
20:32
Speaker 1: you actually don't become a good critical thinker anymore because
20:36
Speaker 1: you have too much confirmation bias. So another like the
20:41
Speaker 1: key things to look at for is selective attention. So
20:43
Speaker 1: you're more likely to notice things that align with you,
20:46
Speaker 1: and you will blatantly dismiss things that don't. It's almost
20:49
Speaker 1: like you're ignoring it sometimes without even realizing it. Then
20:52
Speaker 1: there's selective interpretation. So this is where you'll be confronted
20:56
Speaker 1: with something that might be ambiguous, and you will find
21:01
Speaker 1: something within that ambiguity that will still support your beliefs
21:04
Speaker 1: without realizing that if you were to look at that
21:06
Speaker 1: same thing from a slightly different angle, it might support
21:09
Speaker 1: the opposing idea or ideology or party or whatever. And
21:15
Speaker 1: then selective memory, of course, that's where you are more
21:18
Speaker 1: likely to just remember events from your past, or from
21:20
Speaker 1: conversations or from whatever that support your belief or your
21:25
Speaker 1: opinion about something without remembering the bigger picture and thinking
21:29
Speaker 1: whether there's also this thing. And this could also work
21:32
Speaker 1: for relationships. A lot of people have this bias towards
21:36
Speaker 1: them always being the good one in the relationship and
21:38
Speaker 1: the partner always being flawed without thinking, wait a minute,
21:41
Speaker 1: what about that time that I did this to my
21:43
Speaker 1: partner and this and this and this and this. What
21:44
Speaker 1: about the time that I was really toxic or the
21:46
Speaker 1: time that I demanded things from my partner? But I'm
21:49
Speaker 1: only focusing on the annoying thing that my partner does
21:52
Speaker 1: to me. So it's really important to be aware of
21:55
Speaker 1: this confirmation bias and just try to pull yourself back
22:01
Speaker 1: and think, wait, how could I look at it from
22:04
Speaker 1: the other side. It's not even about agreeing with someone
22:06
Speaker 1: else and agreeing it's just how can I zoom out
22:08
Speaker 1: and look at the bigger picture? Because I will show
22:10
Speaker 1: up as a much better friend if I can pay
22:12
Speaker 1: attention to the bigger picture to my behavior as well,
22:16
Speaker 1: I can look at the other side, and I'm a
22:18
Speaker 1: much better debater and I can really critically analyze if
22:21
Speaker 1: something is the right decision for me or not. So,
22:23
Speaker 1: for example, every time an election rolls around, I will
22:27
Speaker 1: look at what every party is proposing that they're going
22:30
Speaker 1: to do. I mean, whether they're going to do it
22:31
Speaker 1: or not, that's fucking politics in general. But I'll look
22:33
Speaker 1: at whatever what all the parties are proposing that they're
22:36
Speaker 1: going to do, and I always vote based according to that.
22:39
Speaker 1: I don't have an emotional alliance to a political party,
22:43
Speaker 1: and every time I see myself skewing emotionally to a
22:46
Speaker 1: political party, I ask myself, why why do I feel
22:48
Speaker 1: emotionally attached to this? And is it because if the
22:52
Speaker 1: party or is it because I really believe in what
22:54
Speaker 1: they're doing. Because often you will be attached to something
22:57
Speaker 1: and then that party or person will do something that
23:00
Speaker 1: you don't agree with, and you're like, I don't want
23:01
Speaker 1: to know about it. I don't want to know about
23:03
Speaker 1: it because it feels like a personal stab. Okay, so
23:05
Speaker 1: you've got to get better at critically thinking, and then
23:08
Speaker 1: it's so much easier to not attach yourself, to not
23:10
Speaker 1: get offended, to not get defensive in debates and in conversations. Okay,
23:15
Speaker 1: number six. Then we've got something called hindsight bias. So
23:18
Speaker 1: this is also referred to as the I knew it
23:21
Speaker 1: all along effect or I knew it all along bias,
23:25
Speaker 1: and it's for it's the tendency where people believe that
23:27
Speaker 1: after an event has occurred, that they had predicted it,
23:31
Speaker 1: or they were expecting it, or they knew the outcome
23:33
Speaker 1: before the whole thing happened, even if there's like actually
23:35
Speaker 1: no foundation or no proof that or evidence that they
23:38
Speaker 1: would have been able to predict that thing. So it
23:41
Speaker 1: leads people to think that past events are actually more
23:46
Speaker 1: predictable than they were. So the features are overestimating predictability,
23:52
Speaker 1: distorted memory. So you often will look back and think
23:56
Speaker 1: that your beliefs around that thing were probably a lot
24:00
Speaker 1: stronger than they actually were. Like you look back and
24:02
Speaker 1: be like, I knew this was going to happen. I
24:04
Speaker 1: knew it, whereas maybe in the past you didn't know
24:06
Speaker 1: that it was going to happen, but be thought, maybe
24:08
Speaker 1: you know this is not going to work out well,
24:09
Speaker 1: or maybe this you know it's not like this deep
24:11
Speaker 1: knowing that it was going to happen, or something else
24:14
Speaker 1: called simplification of cause and effect. So once you know
24:18
Speaker 1: what the outcome is, people tend to look at all
24:20
Speaker 1: the leading events up to that thing as being like, oh, well,
24:25
Speaker 1: look at all these events that led up to that thing.
24:26
Speaker 1: It was inevitable. That's why I knew because I knew
24:29
Speaker 1: about all these events coming up to it, when you
24:30
Speaker 1: probably didn't you know, and you're probably ignoring all these
24:34
Speaker 1: other things that might have also pointed to that thing
24:37
Speaker 1: heading in the opposite direction. So that could be predicting
24:40
Speaker 1: other people's breakups, it could be predicting a sporting event,
24:43
Speaker 1: it could be predicting some event, some catastrophic thing whatever.
24:47
Speaker 1: So basically it can lead to overconfidence in decision making,
24:51
Speaker 1: and it can make it really difficult to learn from
24:53
Speaker 1: past mistakes because you might be thinking that you understood
24:56
Speaker 1: something a lot better than you actually did. Number seven,
25:18
Speaker 1: We've got affect heuristic. I don't even know if I'm
25:22
Speaker 1: pronouncing that right. But basically this affect heuristic is relying
25:27
Speaker 1: on emotions rather than information. So it's this mental shortcut
25:31
Speaker 1: that we do when we're trying to make a decision
25:33
Speaker 1: over something, where we will rely on our immediate emotional
25:37
Speaker 1: response to something, our affect in order to make a
25:41
Speaker 1: decision or in order to pass judgment on something, rather
25:46
Speaker 1: than pausing thinking about it, reasoning, maybe looking at it
25:49
Speaker 1: a bit more critically or a bit more logically, and
25:51
Speaker 1: then making a decision. So you pretty much allow your emotions,
25:55
Speaker 1: good or bad emotions, to take over and to influence
25:58
Speaker 1: how risky you think that is, or to influence what
26:01
Speaker 1: you think that person's behavior is going to be like,
26:03
Speaker 1: or how you're going to be feeling in the future,
26:04
Speaker 1: or if it's going to be a good decision or
26:06
Speaker 1: a bad decision, even if that what you're thinking is
26:09
Speaker 1: not at all related to your emotions. Okay, it's like
26:13
Speaker 1: that saying never make a promise when you're happy, never
26:16
Speaker 1: reply when you are angry, and never make a decision
26:18
Speaker 1: when you are sad. That I don't know who said it.
26:21
Speaker 1: I was trying to look it up, and a lot
26:22
Speaker 1: of that says like anonymous, but it is so it
26:26
Speaker 1: is such a good saying, and you have to remind
26:28
Speaker 1: yourself of that all the time, because our emotions will
26:31
Speaker 1: cause us to be quite dramatic in our decision making,
26:36
Speaker 1: and it's really important to pause and think about it
26:39
Speaker 1: before we react. How often have you sent like a
26:41
Speaker 1: really impulsive text message, or you like, were so angry
26:44
Speaker 1: at someone, and then in hindsight, you look at what
26:46
Speaker 1: you said, or you look at what you wrote, and
26:48
Speaker 1: you think, like, God, that was so extreme. I was
26:52
Speaker 1: really quite mean, And that's because your emotions were speaking. Now,
26:55
Speaker 1: there's a huge difference between following your gut instinct and
27:00
Speaker 1: acting from your initial emotion. Okay, your gut instinct is
27:06
Speaker 1: a different feeling altogether. It's a deep knowing of what
27:09
Speaker 1: you believe to be right or wrong in that at
27:12
Speaker 1: that time or in that moment. A gut instinct also
27:16
Speaker 1: lasts a whole lot longer, whereas acting from emotion often
27:21
Speaker 1: stems from fear. Whereas gut instinct does not stem from fear,
27:27
Speaker 1: it is not a form of anxiety. A gut instinct
27:29
Speaker 1: could be to do something risky that you feel that
27:33
Speaker 1: because you know yourself that this is the right decision
27:35
Speaker 1: for you, even if it means throwing away something that's
27:37
Speaker 1: still really good right in front of you, whereas often
27:41
Speaker 1: acting on your emotions and your anxiety will cause you
27:46
Speaker 1: to pull back and to be fearful. Now, there are
27:49
Speaker 1: ways that you that this affactistic can happen where it's
27:51
Speaker 1: quite annoying. Like you might be someone that when you're
27:53
Speaker 1: really excited, you invite people over, come over on Saturday,
27:58
Speaker 1: come over on and then you've filled up your calendar
28:01
Speaker 1: on the Saturday and Sunday and you're like, oh my god.
28:03
Speaker 1: It comes to the day and you're like, I'm not
28:05
Speaker 1: in the mood. Why did I do that? Why do
28:08
Speaker 1: I always do that? If you're someone that does that
28:10
Speaker 1: all the time, then this is a great thing to
28:13
Speaker 1: learn about yourself. Okay, So in future, what you can
28:18
Speaker 1: do is you say, you know what, I'd love to
28:21
Speaker 1: do something with you this Saturday. How about we pencil
28:24
Speaker 1: something in, But I need to check my calendar and
28:27
Speaker 1: then I will let you know in twenty four hours
28:29
Speaker 1: if we can lock that in. This is if you
28:31
Speaker 1: know for a fact that you're like I always overextend myself.
28:34
Speaker 1: I'm always I'm not saying do this for every invitation.
28:36
Speaker 1: But if you're someone and I know a few people
28:38
Speaker 1: that are like this and it's hilarious, it's hilarious. But
28:40
Speaker 1: if you're someone that always stretches yourself too thin, then
28:43
Speaker 1: use this as a tool. Just say, let's pencil something in,
28:46
Speaker 1: but I need to check my time. I'm not one
28:48
Speaker 1: hundred percent. Then after sitting on it for twenty four hours,
28:52
Speaker 1: be like, have I filled up my weekend too much?
28:54
Speaker 1: And is this going to make me tired based on
28:56
Speaker 1: my normal experiences? And if the answer is yeah, it
28:58
Speaker 1: is too tired, then you just reply saying, hey, look mate,
29:01
Speaker 1: I've overbooked myself this weekend. Why don't we pencil it
29:04
Speaker 1: in for later? So that way you're not making a
29:06
Speaker 1: promise when you're happy like that, saying says you're able
29:09
Speaker 1: to be like, all right, I know I was over excited,
29:12
Speaker 1: I was over ambitious with my social calendar. It's not
29:15
Speaker 1: gonna fucking work for me. Okay, it can be good, Okay,
29:18
Speaker 1: So this affect heistic is good when you are when
29:21
Speaker 1: you don't have time to think about something, and sometimes
29:24
Speaker 1: you just have to make a decision on the spot,
29:25
Speaker 1: relying on your emotions. Can help you do that. It's
29:27
Speaker 1: not all bad. Your emotions aren't bad, but it's important
29:30
Speaker 1: to think, well, has in the past relying on my
29:33
Speaker 1: emotions in that moment made me be too reactive, too snappy,
29:37
Speaker 1: and then it gave me demons the next day because
29:38
Speaker 1: I wasn't good at reacting. Or has it made me
29:41
Speaker 1: over commit consistently my entire fucking life? Or have I
29:44
Speaker 1: made decisions because I'm too fearful and then I had
29:46
Speaker 1: fomo because everyone else went and did that thing, and
29:48
Speaker 1: I was like, I could have just gone and done that. Okay,
29:50
Speaker 1: So whenever you have the opportunity to just sit and
29:54
Speaker 1: be like, all right, am I making like a rash decision?
29:57
Speaker 1: Or can I sit on it and think about it,
30:00
Speaker 1: then do it? But it can be good as far
30:03
Speaker 1: as where you know you don't have the luxury of
30:06
Speaker 1: time to make a decision. Number eight belief perseverance. So
30:10
Speaker 1: this is where someone will hold on to their belief
30:13
Speaker 1: even when it's confronted with contradictory evidence or facts. So
30:17
Speaker 1: if that's someone, if you are one of these people,
30:19
Speaker 1: it's really important to just be aware that this is
30:21
Speaker 1: just a bias changing your beliefs when you are confronted
30:25
Speaker 1: with evidence that is just like you can't dispute. It
30:28
Speaker 1: is really hard to do because often we will attach
30:31
Speaker 1: our identity, our sense of who we are to these beliefs,
30:33
Speaker 1: and then to say that I was wrong, we feel
30:36
Speaker 1: like that's going to you know, a part of us
30:38
Speaker 1: is going to die. But obviously that's not the case,
30:41
Speaker 1: and it's not going to die, but we feel so
30:44
Speaker 1: strongly like that. We also don't want to think that
30:46
Speaker 1: everyone else around us is like, ah ha ha haha,
30:48
Speaker 1: you were wrong, You're an idiot. But there are ways
30:50
Speaker 1: that you can learn new information and say, you know what,
30:54
Speaker 1: I was wrong. I've been presented with this new information
30:56
Speaker 1: and I'm happy to say I've learned something new today.
30:59
Speaker 1: And people are not going to think that you are
31:03
Speaker 1: flawed for saying that. If anything, I actually really respect
31:06
Speaker 1: someone that can be flexible with their mindset and with
31:09
Speaker 1: their beliefs. I think it's a really great trait to have.
31:13
Speaker 1: But these are the key aspects of it. So the
31:15
Speaker 1: first one is resistance to change. So this is where
31:17
Speaker 1: you're going to reject new information or even reinterpret information
31:21
Speaker 1: that will align with your existing beliefs. Then there's cognitive dissonance.
31:25
Speaker 1: So that's basically where you are ignoring everything and you're
31:28
Speaker 1: still like, you're steadfast holding that belief, and people will
31:34
Speaker 1: often resolve it by basically downplaying any information that comes
31:36
Speaker 1: their way or just ignoring what's being told to them,
31:39
Speaker 1: which can be extremely frustrating for the people around them.
31:42
Speaker 1: And then there's bias in information processing, so it's how
31:45
Speaker 1: you selectively will take on new information and be like, oh, yeah,
31:48
Speaker 1: but it's like this because of this, but that's not
31:50
Speaker 1: really and you just kind of pick and choose so
31:53
Speaker 1: you can still hold that existing belief. Like a great
31:56
Speaker 1: example of this is that documentary on flat Earthers on Netflix.
32:00
Speaker 1: It's classic, and it's people who will still hold on
32:02
Speaker 1: to this belief no matter what. Then we've got different
32:06
Speaker 1: forms of this belief perseverance. So one is self impression perseverance,
32:10
Speaker 1: and this is where you will cling to beliefs about
32:13
Speaker 1: yourself even when they are completely inaccurate, even when they're
32:17
Speaker 1: detrimental and not good for you. Okay, So you will
32:20
Speaker 1: stick to this belief about yourself and people will be like, well, no,
32:23
Speaker 1: you are able to do this because of this, because
32:25
Speaker 1: of that, because of that, and you're like, no, that's
32:27
Speaker 1: how I am. So then you're not able to change,
32:30
Speaker 1: because really change can only occur with the change in
32:32
Speaker 1: your beliefs of what you're capable of doing. Another one
32:35
Speaker 1: is the naive theory perseverance. So it's where you hold
32:38
Speaker 1: on to broader theories about the world, about scientific views
32:46
Speaker 1: about you know, politics or whatever, even when new evidence
32:50
Speaker 1: has come forward to challenge that. New science or new
32:53
Speaker 1: whatever has come forward to challenge that. And then there's
32:56
Speaker 1: social impress social impression perseverance, where you will may beliefs
33:01
Speaker 1: about other people even if that person has changed, even
33:05
Speaker 1: if you learn new information about that person. I've Yeah, Actually,
33:09
Speaker 1: my narcissistic ex used to be like he would see
33:12
Speaker 1: one thing that he didn't like about someone and that's it.
33:14
Speaker 1: They're done, burnt, done in his mind, and no matter
33:17
Speaker 1: how nice he found out this person was, no matter
33:20
Speaker 1: what they did his life, not bad vibes, bad vibes,
33:22
Speaker 1: bad vibes on this person. He'd do that to like
33:24
Speaker 1: family members of mine anyway, psycho. But yeah, that's what
33:30
Speaker 1: people will do. Okay, So moving on number nine, this
33:35
Speaker 1: is a really interesting one. I'm gonna hope I can
33:36
Speaker 1: like summarize it quite well. Second last one omission bias.
33:41
Speaker 1: So I've got a lot of notes here so I
33:42
Speaker 1: can figure out what I'm saying because I found it
33:44
Speaker 1: difficult to explain. But it's basically where people tend to
33:47
Speaker 1: view harmful actions. So committing an act as worse or
33:54
Speaker 1: more morally wrong than harmful inaction. Okay, failing to act
33:59
Speaker 1: verse is committing an act. So even when the consequences
34:03
Speaker 1: of the inaction are going to be more harmful, So
34:07
Speaker 1: people are more likely to judge, like a bad outcome
34:11
Speaker 1: from doing something as more blameworthy than a bad outcome
34:15
Speaker 1: from not doing something. So there's that lever test thing
34:18
Speaker 1: of like if you saw a train and it was
34:21
Speaker 1: heading down a train track and it was going to
34:23
Speaker 1: kill five people, but you could pull a lever so
34:26
Speaker 1: it could divert its path and then it's only going
34:27
Speaker 1: to kill one person. What would you do? So that's
34:30
Speaker 1: that moral dilemma of do I let nature take its
34:34
Speaker 1: course or engineering take its course or whatever you want
34:37
Speaker 1: to call it and these five people die, or do
34:39
Speaker 1: I intervene? But then I feel responsible for the death
34:43
Speaker 1: of that one person. That's that moral dilemma. It's used
34:45
Speaker 1: in a few TV shows. It's a great question. But
34:48
Speaker 1: another really good real life example of this is in
34:50
Speaker 1: organ donations. So countries, and I don't know how new
34:54
Speaker 1: this data is, but in the US, for example, I
34:57
Speaker 1: don't know if it's still the way, but being an
34:59
Speaker 1: organ donator is voluntary. You have to opt in to
35:03
Speaker 1: be an organ donor. And because you've got to opt
35:05
Speaker 1: into being an organ donor, people that are kind of
35:08
Speaker 1: on the fence about it or whatever, they won't do it.
35:12
Speaker 1: They're not sure, maybe maybe not okay. So the rates
35:15
Speaker 1: of organ donors once people die, are they an organ
35:18
Speaker 1: dona or not, are significantly significantly lower than countries where
35:24
Speaker 1: being an organ donor is the default option and you
35:27
Speaker 1: have to opt out of being an organ donor. And
35:30
Speaker 1: this is in a lot of European countries. So in
35:32
Speaker 1: a European country where you have to opt out of
35:35
Speaker 1: being an organ donor, people think, well, the action of
35:38
Speaker 1: opting out fields more harmful than just not doing it, like,
35:44
Speaker 1: h you know, more harmful than you know, Like if
35:47
Speaker 1: I was if it was default and I didn't have
35:50
Speaker 1: to think about it and I just wasn't going to
35:51
Speaker 1: be an organ donor, I might not take the action
35:53
Speaker 1: of signing up to be an organ donor. But now
35:55
Speaker 1: that I am signed up as an organ donor, I
35:58
Speaker 1: feel like it's more harmful to take myself off. And
36:01
Speaker 1: in countries where organ donation is the default, the rate
36:06
Speaker 1: of organ donors obviously obviously after death is up in
36:11
Speaker 1: some countries one hundred percent. Okay, So that is a
36:15
Speaker 1: good explanation of kind of how that psychology works based
36:18
Speaker 1: on how it's framed in action versus action. All right,
36:21
Speaker 1: I'll give you some other examples. So in a medical context,
36:24
Speaker 1: someone might not want to do a surgery, like say
36:28
Speaker 1: someone's life is on the line and they're going to die.
36:30
Speaker 1: They might not want to do the surgery because they're like,
36:32
Speaker 1: if I intervene and it causes death, but there's a
36:35
Speaker 1: big chance that it could keep them alive, I still
36:38
Speaker 1: don't want to do it because I don't want the
36:39
Speaker 1: risk of being involved in their death, even if not
36:42
Speaker 1: performing that surgery means they're going to die anyway. So
36:45
Speaker 1: it's kind of like I feel like inaction is less
36:48
Speaker 1: harmful than the action here, if that makes sense, And
36:50
Speaker 1: the same thing goes for like you know, in sports,
36:53
Speaker 1: we have to make a call or you know, we
36:55
Speaker 1: have to make a decision around firing someone or not
36:57
Speaker 1: firing someone or things like that. All right. One is
37:01
Speaker 1: the framing effect. So this is a bias, a cognitive
37:06
Speaker 1: bias where people make decisions based on how the information
37:10
Speaker 1: is presented or how the information is framed, rather than
37:14
Speaker 1: the context of the information. Okay, so you look at advertisement.
37:19
Speaker 1: So if you if an advertisement leads with we have
37:23
Speaker 1: seventy percent success rate in this thing, you're more likely
37:27
Speaker 1: to be like, oh, that's I might use that service
37:30
Speaker 1: than if someone was advertising we have a thirty percent
37:33
Speaker 1: failure rate. You're going to be like, thirty percent, that's
37:36
Speaker 1: pretty big. I'm probably not going to go there. Why
37:38
Speaker 1: are they advertising that they fail thirty percent? That's not good.
37:40
Speaker 1: Or like, let's say if it's a fertility clinic, if
37:43
Speaker 1: they say, like over fifty percent of our clients do
37:49
Speaker 1: not fall pregnant, you'd be like, that's a huge number.
37:52
Speaker 1: I'm absolutely not going to that clinic. But if they
37:55
Speaker 1: said nearly fifty percent finds success and fall pregnant, You're like,
37:59
Speaker 1: that's quite a big number. Okay, it's the whole glass
38:02
Speaker 1: is half empty half full, that kind of vibe. But
38:04
Speaker 1: I think it's important to look at it from like risk,
38:08
Speaker 1: what you're willing to risk, and what you're not willing
38:09
Speaker 1: to risk. So when you're making a decision that involves risk,
38:13
Speaker 1: you're going to be generally risk averse. When something is
38:16
Speaker 1: framed as like, oh, you're going to gain from this,
38:18
Speaker 1: and you're like, oh, yeah, I'm more likely to do
38:20
Speaker 1: that thing. So it's really important to just be quite
38:22
Speaker 1: critical when you're making a decision based on the data
38:25
Speaker 1: that's being presented to you, like is this actually a
38:28
Speaker 1: good idea? Is this actually good bang for buck? Like
38:31
Speaker 1: am I getting good return on my investment? That kind
38:33
Speaker 1: of thing? And then of course things are going to
38:36
Speaker 1: be framed in a way that either make you way
38:38
Speaker 1: too optimistic about that thing, or even look at like
38:41
Speaker 1: certain like products, if something's labeled as like eighty percent
38:46
Speaker 1: or eighty or ninety percent fat free versus ten percent fat.
38:49
Speaker 1: I mean, I'm all for fat, very good for the brain,
38:51
Speaker 1: but I'm just using it as like that's like the
38:53
Speaker 1: marketing ploy. Or when they talk about cleaning products kills
38:56
Speaker 1: nine to nine percent of germs, they're not going to
38:58
Speaker 1: say one of germs will still be living on your
39:03
Speaker 1: fucking kitchen counter one percent. That's like a billion germs.
39:07
Speaker 1: Still you'll be like, that's fucked. I'm going to find
39:11
Speaker 1: another product, you know. So it's all in how things
39:14
Speaker 1: are marketed and how we perceive this kind of framing effect.
39:17
Speaker 1: So the framing effect I think is more around like
39:19
Speaker 1: marketing and stuff, but I think it's still really really
39:20
Speaker 1: interesting just to be aware of it. So, yes, that
39:24
Speaker 1: is my ten mental or psychological biases to look out
39:29
Speaker 1: for it to help you make better decisions. I hope
39:31
Speaker 1: you enjoyed that episode. I loved it because I love
39:34
Speaker 1: I love paying attention to how our psychology works and
39:37
Speaker 1: how it frames us, you know, to make decisions out
39:41
Speaker 1: of confidence or out of fee, and how that's actually
39:44
Speaker 1: impacting our long term decisions for like things that are
39:46
Speaker 1: going to impact our future and our happiness and our
39:48
Speaker 1: self esteem and our confidence in our relationships all along
39:51
Speaker 1: the line and all the above. So yeah, love you
39:53
Speaker 1: guys so much. I love you so much. Shout out
39:56
Speaker 1: to my global beans, shout out to my beans in
39:58
Speaker 1: South Africa. Love you guys also much. That is all.
40:01
Speaker 1: If you want to send in any listener questions or
40:05
Speaker 1: write in or suggest any episode topics. Just email at
40:08
Speaker 1: info at dear wifeimpod dot com. That's all. Love you
40:12
Speaker 1: guys so much, and always remember, be kind to yourself,
40:14
Speaker 1: be kind to your brain. Don't text it from anyone,
40:16
Speaker 1: and especially don't text it from yourself. Don't ca