A Second Look at the Credibility of Clinical Trials Using zcurve3

Replicability-Index · Sep 24, 2026

van Zwet, E., Gelman, A., Greenland, S., Imbens, G., Schwab, S., & Goodman, S. N. (2024). A New Look at P Values for Randomized Clinical Trials. NEJM evidence, 3(1), EVIDoa2300003. https://doi.org/10.1056/EVIDoa2300003

Introduction

Randomized controlled trials occupy a privileged position in evidence-based medicine because randomization protects against many sources of confounding that complicate observational research. Yet influential critics have questioned whether even randomized evidence can be trusted at face value. Ioannidis’s Why Most Published Research Findings Are False argued that…