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How Blue Holes Work · Stuff You Should Know

• 0:01
  Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you Should Know, a production of I
• 0:04
  Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Hey you' welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark,
• 0:13
  Speaker 1: and there's Charles W Chuck Bryan over there. Jerry's hovering
• 0:17
  Speaker 1: about and this is Stuff you should Know, another jazzy
• 0:21
  Speaker 1: Earth Science edition. Chuck. Yeah, and this is like, I
• 0:26
  Speaker 1: know we covered this head of an Internet Roundup? Did we?
• 0:31
  Speaker 1: I don't think we covered. I mean, we've done a
• 0:33
  Speaker 1: lot of cave stuff. We did sinkholes, cave dwellers, caving,
• 0:37
  Speaker 1: cave diving, peleology, and cave diving. So which one like
• 0:43
  Speaker 1: it could have come up in cave diving? I think maybe?
• 0:47
  Speaker 1: But I feel like I remember showing a picture. I'm
• 0:49
  Speaker 1: feeling Internet Roundup. Okay, yeah, we've been. That's kind of
• 0:52
  Speaker 1: funny because this, then is the second thing we've done
• 0:54
  Speaker 1: that we already did on Internet Roundup and then forgot about.
• 0:58
  Speaker 1: That's right, that's a trend. We're trending. Um. But the
• 1:02
  Speaker 1: cool thing about this one, Chuck, is that, like these
• 1:05
  Speaker 1: things that we're going to talk about today, blue holes
• 1:07
  Speaker 1: are so um new scientifically speaking, they're so unexplored um
• 1:14
  Speaker 1: that there's a lot we can get wrong, and no
• 1:16
  Speaker 1: one will know for like ten or fifteen years. Perfect.
• 1:18
  Speaker 1: We'll be done by then, isn't that great? Yeah, yeah,
• 1:21
  Speaker 1: we'll be We'll be sipping my ties on the beach
• 1:24
  Speaker 1: earning by then. Off German bearer bonds. What is that
• 1:29
  Speaker 1: trading places? No, that's a die Hard Okay, I think
• 1:33
  Speaker 1: that was a mash up. Oh yeah, that's funny how
• 1:39
  Speaker 1: things just kind of invade your subconscious like that. Well,
• 1:42
  Speaker 1: I mean trading places. They definitely were sipping drinks on
• 1:44
  Speaker 1: the beach, which did not happen in die Hard. No,
• 1:48
  Speaker 1: but he says it's like something like that. Yeah. Yeah,
• 1:51
  Speaker 1: he says, by the time the FBI figures out what's
• 1:53
  Speaker 1: going on, will be sitting on the beach. I think
• 1:56
  Speaker 1: he says sipping my ties earning. Does he say like
• 2:00
  Speaker 1: in trading places? That's right? Yeah, but he like breaks
• 2:05
  Speaker 1: the fourth wall and stairs right at the camera. We
• 2:07
  Speaker 1: need deliver. That would be great. So um, obviously, as
• 2:11
  Speaker 1: everyone's picked up by now, we're talking about blue holes
• 2:13
  Speaker 1: and if you don't know what a blue hole is,
• 2:16
  Speaker 1: I feel like this is definitely one of those ones
• 2:17
  Speaker 1: where we need to define it rather than just start
• 2:20
  Speaker 1: talking about it out of the gate. Uh, define what
• 2:23
  Speaker 1: it looks like or or the reveal of what it is. Okay, yeah,
• 2:28
  Speaker 1: we'll define what it looks like first. How about that?
• 2:30
  Speaker 1: All right, Well, it looks like a blue hole in
• 2:34
  Speaker 1: the ocean, like, you know, there's ocean, and then all
• 2:37
  Speaker 1: of a sudden, it's like, wait a minute, there's a
• 2:40
  Speaker 1: you know, sometimes they're pretty circular, like almost exactly circular,
• 2:44
  Speaker 1: and sometimes they're oddly shaped, but it's definitely like a
• 2:48
  Speaker 1: different color. And what it looks like from a bird's
• 2:50
  Speaker 1: eye view is like, well, hey, that looks like it
• 2:53
  Speaker 1: might be deeper right there, and it is. Yeah, and
• 2:58
  Speaker 1: it's a much much darker shade of blue than the
• 3:01
  Speaker 1: surrounding areas because it's a deep, deep hole in the
• 3:04
  Speaker 1: sea floor and the stuff around it is usually far
• 3:07
  Speaker 1: shallower comparatively speaking, so usually the area around is like
• 3:11
  Speaker 1: a much nicer, kind of lighter blue green, clearish color.
• 3:16
  Speaker 1: And then this is like this really stark, dark blue
• 3:19
  Speaker 1: hole again in the middle of the sea floor, and um,
• 3:23
  Speaker 1: it's a they're really popular diving spots. You have to
• 3:26
  Speaker 1: be a really good diver, as we'll see, to dive
• 3:28
  Speaker 1: on a blue hole, and they're also have long for centuries. Um,
• 3:32
  Speaker 1: been known locally um as really great fishing spots, both
• 3:36
  Speaker 1: commercially and for sport fishing. But the thing is, it's
• 3:41
  Speaker 1: like it's starting to become clear to geologists and biologists
• 3:46
  Speaker 1: that these things are kind of dotted all over the world.
• 3:48
  Speaker 1: There's some out to see, there's some that are actually landlocked, um,
• 3:52
  Speaker 1: but that they share some commonalities, and that these things,
• 3:55
  Speaker 1: these blue holes, submerged holes in the ground or the
• 3:59
  Speaker 1: sea floor are some of the weirdest, um most amazing
• 4:04
  Speaker 1: environments that that are exist on Earth right now. Yeah,
• 4:09
  Speaker 1: and you know, we should probably say that fishermen everywhere
• 4:12
  Speaker 1: are probably still mad at Jacques Cousteau who in nineteen
• 4:16
  Speaker 1: seventy two put the Great Blue Hole, which is one
• 4:20
  Speaker 1: particularly striking blue hole off the coast of Belize. He
• 4:24
  Speaker 1: put that on the map in nineteen seventy two on
• 4:27
  Speaker 1: a show that I used to love to watch, The
• 4:28
  Speaker 1: Undersea World of Jacques Gusta. Did you watch that? No,
• 4:31
  Speaker 1: I saw The Life Aquatic with Steve Zoo though so
• 4:34
  Speaker 1: close enough. Yeah, I was. I'm not sure what channel
• 4:38
  Speaker 1: it came on, or that was in reruns or if
• 4:41
  Speaker 1: I was watching it live, but it was sort of
• 4:44
  Speaker 1: like you know that in Mutual Omaha's Wild Kingdom were
• 4:48
  Speaker 1: the two big nature shows for me growing up as
• 4:51
  Speaker 1: far as turning me onto to all this stuff, right
• 4:54
  Speaker 1: the uh. I think the show ran from nineteen sixty
• 4:57
  Speaker 1: six to seventy six, so it's entirely possible you were
• 5:00
  Speaker 1: watching it live was a youngster. Probably reruns, yeah, but still,
• 5:04
  Speaker 1: I mean, I'm sure it immediately went in to reruns.
• 5:06
  Speaker 1: It was wildly popular. And that particular episode, if you're interested,
• 5:09
  Speaker 1: was Secrets of the Sunken Caves. But yeah, he put
• 5:12
  Speaker 1: this thing on the map, like, not literally, it was
• 5:15
  Speaker 1: on maps already, but he introduced it to the rest
• 5:18
  Speaker 1: of the world. UM. And the Great Blue Hole, as
• 5:21
  Speaker 1: that one in Belize that he covered is called UM
• 5:24
  Speaker 1: is on basically every serious scuba diver's bucket list to dive.
• 5:29
  Speaker 1: It's just it's just one of those places you have
• 5:32
  Speaker 1: to dive before you die. Hopefully you don't die while
• 5:35
  Speaker 1: you're diving on it, but it does happen sometimes it does. Uh.
• 5:39
  Speaker 1: And blue holes are basically uh. You know, I mentioned
• 5:42
  Speaker 1: sink or episode on sinkholes at the beginning. That was
• 5:45
  Speaker 1: a bit of an easter egg, because that's really all
• 5:47
  Speaker 1: they are is underwater sinkholes. It's a feature of what's
• 5:51
  Speaker 1: known as a karst system k a r st um
• 5:56
  Speaker 1: where you have this porous limestone making up the bedrock,
• 6:00
  Speaker 1: which you know leads to a lot of things. It's porous,
• 6:03
  Speaker 1: so it uh sentiment it like it wears away and
• 6:06
  Speaker 1: the road's kind of easier, I think than other kinds
• 6:08
  Speaker 1: of bedrock. That's where if you listen to any of
• 6:11
  Speaker 1: the caving episodes, is where you're gonna get some some
• 6:15
  Speaker 1: of these great stalactites and stalagmites because that acid rain
• 6:19
  Speaker 1: drips down and wears away that limestone, and you know,
• 6:23
  Speaker 1: it forms little icicles from the top and then when
• 6:25
  Speaker 1: it hits the bottom it forms reverse icicles on the floor.
• 6:30
  Speaker 1: And some of these blue holes have these stalactites and
• 6:33
  Speaker 1: stalagmites because they used to be you know, they used
• 6:36
  Speaker 1: to be land, right, they used to be dry caves.
• 6:39
  Speaker 1: Like that's the thing. Once they found stalactites and slag
• 6:42
  Speaker 1: mites um in these blue holes kind of give up
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  Speaker 1: to see they're like, okay, this had to have been
• 6:48
  Speaker 1: above dry land because the dripping effect of water coming
• 6:52
  Speaker 1: from the top and then dripping down to the bottom.
• 6:54
  Speaker 1: It's kind of lost in the translation. When the thing
• 6:57
  Speaker 1: is already submerged in water, it has to be dry,
• 7:00
  Speaker 1: you know what I'm saying. Else not really No, I
• 7:04
  Speaker 1: think it just kind of goes every which way rather
• 7:06
  Speaker 1: than straight down. So yeah, when they when they started
• 7:08
  Speaker 1: finding these um collectively stalactites which come down from the
• 7:12
  Speaker 1: ceiling and stalagmites which come up from the floor. They're
• 7:15
  Speaker 1: collectively called spelio theems which we've talked about in plenty
• 7:18
  Speaker 1: of other episodes, when they started finding speleothems in in
• 7:22
  Speaker 1: these um blue holes, they're like, these were once on
• 7:25
  Speaker 1: dry land, which is pretty cool. But it also makes
• 7:28
  Speaker 1: sense too that these are just caves that formed at
• 7:31
  Speaker 1: some point in the great, great distant past on on
• 7:35
  Speaker 1: unearthed UM. I mean, where else are they going to form?
• 7:38
  Speaker 1: You know? Um? And it also makes sense that as
• 7:41
  Speaker 1: a cavern formed through the same process that forms spelio
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  Speaker 1: theems um. It's just the water kind of carves out
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  Speaker 1: a hole in the limestone, it dissolves it, and then
• 7:51
  Speaker 1: it gets bigger and bigger over time, and then all
• 7:53
  Speaker 1: of a sudden you have a cavern that the roof
• 7:55
  Speaker 1: of that area is not supported like it is surrounding
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  Speaker 1: and so it's a vent going to clap in, whether
• 8:01
  Speaker 1: it's on dry land and as a sinkhole, or if
• 8:03
  Speaker 1: it's on dry land, and then that eventually becomes submerged
• 8:06
  Speaker 1: by water, you have a blue hole. So it's just
• 8:08
  Speaker 1: a sinkhole that's now out to see because the sea
• 8:11
  Speaker 1: level rise. Basically, Yeah, and one of the cool things
• 8:14
  Speaker 1: about the Great Blue Hole is when they started looking
• 8:17
  Speaker 1: at these stalactites and stalagmites, are like, well, some of
• 8:21
  Speaker 1: these look like you would expect because when things dripped,
• 8:23
  Speaker 1: they dripped straight down or build straight up. But some
• 8:27
  Speaker 1: of these are angled, sometimes up to twelve degrees, and
• 8:31
  Speaker 1: they're like, that's pretty interesting. So what it probably means
• 8:34
  Speaker 1: is that this thing formed over many, many many years
• 8:38
  Speaker 1: and the Earth's tectonic plates started shifting and so they
• 8:42
  Speaker 1: started dripping at different angles. So you've got this really
• 8:45
  Speaker 1: cool effect that happens where you have these you know, Uh,
• 8:49
  Speaker 1: it's something that you wouldn't see normally in a cave. Basically,
• 8:52
  Speaker 1: So if a couple of years ago, uh nat g
• 8:55
  Speaker 1: O and Richard Branson did an expedition where they were
• 9:00
  Speaker 1: are basically tried to map the Great Blue Hole three
• 9:04
  Speaker 1: D map. It and they went down there, and they
• 9:06
  Speaker 1: they went deeper than I think had been before in
• 9:09
  Speaker 1: a in a submarine like that, and found a bunch
• 9:12
  Speaker 1: of stuff. Um. They found that it was filling up
• 9:15
  Speaker 1: very slowly. I think they likened it to like an
• 9:17
  Speaker 1: underwater hour glass. Um, it's very slowly, so it's not
• 9:22
  Speaker 1: like it's going to be full anytime soon. Uh. They
• 9:24
  Speaker 1: found a two leader bottle of coke, uh, go pro
• 9:27
  Speaker 1: camera and some some dead people, some dead humans, a
• 9:33
  Speaker 1: lot of dead animals, but some dead humans as well. Yeah.
• 9:36
  Speaker 1: So the blue hole um has claimed at least three
• 9:39
  Speaker 1: lives that we know of on record right, um, which
• 9:42
  Speaker 1: is actually kind of a low ratio compared to some
• 9:45
  Speaker 1: other blue holes out there. UM. But they are still
• 9:49
  Speaker 1: down there, and like you said, two of them were
• 9:51
  Speaker 1: found by Branson and the nat GEO crew and they
• 9:54
  Speaker 1: came back and told the authorities and Belize exactly where
• 9:57
  Speaker 1: they were. Um. And they also apparently said, but look,
• 10:01
  Speaker 1: it's really quiet down there. It's really like a RESTful place,
• 10:04
  Speaker 1: like you could do a lot worse for a final
• 10:07
  Speaker 1: resting place than the bottom of the blue hole in Belize.
• 10:10
  Speaker 1: And I guess the authorities, I don't know if they
• 10:12
  Speaker 1: consulted with the families or what. But I was made
• 10:15
  Speaker 1: to think by some of the stuff I read that
• 10:17
  Speaker 1: the authorities in Belize said, you know, let's just leave
• 10:19
  Speaker 1: them down there and that will be their final resting place,
• 10:22
  Speaker 1: which sounds a little morbid from the outside, but that's
• 10:26
  Speaker 1: actually kind of customary when it comes to cave diving
• 10:30
  Speaker 1: in particular. I think we talked about that a little
• 10:32
  Speaker 1: bit in Caved the cave Diving episode, Yeah, for sure. Um.
• 10:37
  Speaker 1: And the cool thing about the Great Blue Hole is
• 10:39
  Speaker 1: that at one point it was it was in the jungle. Yeah,
• 10:45
  Speaker 1: so that would make it a different kind of blue hole,
• 10:48
  Speaker 1: which is still technically a blue hole, but it's called
• 10:50
  Speaker 1: the uh Ankielin I'm pretty sure that's right pool, which
• 10:55
  Speaker 1: is a blue hole, but it's landlocked, so like the
• 10:57
  Speaker 1: rim is exposed to dry air. It's not underwater like
• 11:00
  Speaker 1: on the sea floor because the sea levels just aren't
• 11:03
  Speaker 1: that high. And one of the interesting things about the
• 11:06
  Speaker 1: Great Blue Hole in Belize is it was at some
• 11:10
  Speaker 1: point because sea levels lowered so so dramatically um during
• 11:15
  Speaker 1: the last interglacial maximum about twenty six thousand years ago,
• 11:19
  Speaker 1: that that a significant portion of this vertical cave which
• 11:24
  Speaker 1: is now the Great Blue Hole in Belize was dry.
• 11:27
  Speaker 1: It was just totally dry, Like you could walk around
• 11:30
  Speaker 1: the top of the rim because it was no longer underwater.
• 11:33
  Speaker 1: You could jump in. You would die, but you could
• 11:36
  Speaker 1: jump in, and you would go all the way down
• 11:38
  Speaker 1: and then maybe at about the bottom, say twenty meters
• 11:41
  Speaker 1: of the cave, you would finally hit seawater. So over time,
• 11:46
  Speaker 1: the seawater levels have risen from the last time the
• 11:50
  Speaker 1: Earth was in a ice age UM, and the seawaters,
• 11:54
  Speaker 1: the sea levels have risen so much that now the
• 11:56
  Speaker 1: cave is totally submerged and is actually um many meters
• 12:01
  Speaker 1: under the surface of the sea because of sea level rise. Yeah,
• 12:06
  Speaker 1: and there's there's some really cool things you can learn from, uh,
• 12:10
  Speaker 1: from studying these blue holes, and maybe we should take
• 12:13
  Speaker 1: a break and learn about those right after this. Alright,
• 12:36
  Speaker 1: So there's a couple of really cool things that you
• 12:38
  Speaker 1: can learn by studying blue holes. UM. One of them is, uh,
• 12:44
  Speaker 1: you can look at this sediment and you can basically
• 12:47
  Speaker 1: kind of get a snapshot of of ancient weather patterns. UM.
• 12:51
  Speaker 1: I think when they when Branson and the gang went
• 12:54
  Speaker 1: down to the Great Blue Hole, they found a lot
• 12:58
  Speaker 1: of sediment where it's sort of indicated that UM in
• 13:02
  Speaker 1: different areas that indicated that that perhaps the Mayan Empire
• 13:06
  Speaker 1: had several severe hurricanes and maybe had something to do
• 13:10
  Speaker 1: with them not being around for much longer. Yeah, because
• 13:13
  Speaker 1: so the these UM these blue holes are basically at
• 13:17
  Speaker 1: a certain level cut off from the ocean above them,
• 13:22
  Speaker 1: like there's a point where there's no currents any longer,
• 13:26
  Speaker 1: whether the waves can affect it um, where there's no
• 13:30
  Speaker 1: oxygen dissolving past a certain boundary that we'll talk about
• 13:33
  Speaker 1: in a second, and so beneath a certain depth, they're
• 13:37
  Speaker 1: just like this, this perfect record of the Earth's geological history,
• 13:44
  Speaker 1: frozen and sequestered from everything else. So if you go
• 13:48
  Speaker 1: down there and this is the kind of the trend
• 13:50
  Speaker 1: that they're starting to figure out that these are the
• 13:52
  Speaker 1: expeditions are trying to launch and start taking samples of
• 13:54
  Speaker 1: the sediment, you can get like a really good picture
• 13:58
  Speaker 1: of Earth's say like her a cane passed or drought passed.
• 14:01
  Speaker 1: Apparently UM when when there's spikes and iron content, they
• 14:05
  Speaker 1: take that as UM from dust storms from Africa, which
• 14:09
  Speaker 1: which UM says that there's probably severe drought around the
• 14:12
  Speaker 1: world that year. So there's all of this information you
• 14:15
  Speaker 1: can glean that's just trapped and locked in the bottom
• 14:18
  Speaker 1: of these these great blue holes because they're so deep
• 14:21
  Speaker 1: and so remote and so unaffected by the world above them.
• 14:25
  Speaker 1: I just think that's amazing. It's super cool. Uh. The
• 14:28
  Speaker 1: other cool thing you can learn about is um sea
• 14:32
  Speaker 1: level rise over the years. We don't have the clearest
• 14:35
  Speaker 1: picture in science of anciency levels and when they were,
• 14:39
  Speaker 1: you know, like exact levels of when there were glacial
• 14:41
  Speaker 1: periods and interglacial periods and the rising and falling of
• 14:44
  Speaker 1: the seas. But if you go down there and you
• 14:47
  Speaker 1: radio carbon date these stalactites and stalagmites, you can compare
• 14:51
  Speaker 1: them to the relative depths of the whole cave system,
• 14:54
  Speaker 1: and then you can basically say when was their air here,
• 14:57
  Speaker 1: when was there water here, and get a pretty, you know,
• 15:00
  Speaker 1: at least a much better picture of what the sea
• 15:02
  Speaker 1: levels used to look like. Yeah, and they figured out
• 15:04
  Speaker 1: that the cave itself was formed um between about a
• 15:09
  Speaker 1: hundred and fifty three thousand years ago to about fifteen
• 15:12
  Speaker 1: thousand years ago. There are four major dry periods where
• 15:16
  Speaker 1: the cave was exposed during that time, and I don't
• 15:18
  Speaker 1: know if they figured out from the um the Great
• 15:23
  Speaker 1: Blue Hole itself or if they just already knew this,
• 15:26
  Speaker 1: But apparently in the past the sea level has risen
• 15:29
  Speaker 1: really quickly a couple of different times UM. I think
• 15:33
  Speaker 1: eleven thousand years ago and eight thousand years ago. Over
• 15:36
  Speaker 1: the course of less than a hundred and fifty years,
• 15:39
  Speaker 1: it rose twenty five ft and then again twenty one
• 15:42
  Speaker 1: ft in less than less than two centuries, which is
• 15:45
  Speaker 1: a really significant rise UM. And having information like that
• 15:50
  Speaker 1: is really vital to kind of placing our current sea
• 15:54
  Speaker 1: level rise and experience of climate change in context in
• 15:57
  Speaker 1: this greater context of Earth's history and possibly it's normal
• 16:01
  Speaker 1: rhythms or what's abnormal. So to be able to understand
• 16:05
  Speaker 1: that because of the kind of the record that's kept
• 16:08
  Speaker 1: in the blue holes is extremely helpful. Yeah. And I
• 16:12
  Speaker 1: think the usual level of sea rises about a meter
• 16:16
  Speaker 1: every century, so a spike of twenty four and twenty
• 16:20
  Speaker 1: ft is really really big. It's I mean, you could
• 16:24
  Speaker 1: basically watch it happening. You know, it's start to come
• 16:26
  Speaker 1: up around your ankles if you stood in there the
• 16:29
  Speaker 1: same place long enough. Another cool thing about blue holes,
• 16:33
  Speaker 1: and in particularly the Great blue hole is that there
• 16:36
  Speaker 1: is a layer of hydrogen sulfide that basically acts like
• 16:41
  Speaker 1: a blanket, uh, And there are different depths depending on
• 16:44
  Speaker 1: which blue hole you're talking about, But it's just a
• 16:47
  Speaker 1: real concentrated layer of hydrogen sulfide. That is, it's a
• 16:51
  Speaker 1: bike product of decaying plant material, and it's kind of stinky.
• 16:55
  Speaker 1: It's kind of that sulfury eggy smell that you might
• 16:57
  Speaker 1: smell sometimes, and it's uh, really really clear water below
• 17:03
  Speaker 1: in this area it is really brown and kind of gross,
• 17:07
  Speaker 1: and then you know it's it's so far down it
• 17:09
  Speaker 1: doesn't look brown and gross from the top. It still
• 17:11
  Speaker 1: looks nice and blue. But it's really a separation point
• 17:14
  Speaker 1: where above it you have life and below it there's
• 17:17
  Speaker 1: no oxygen getting through, so you have no life now.
• 17:20
  Speaker 1: And I saw it described as like kind of hazy brown,
• 17:25
  Speaker 1: kind of cobwebby layer. I think in the Great Blue
• 17:29
  Speaker 1: Hole in particular. It's about thirty ft thick and it
• 17:33
  Speaker 1: starts at about the ninety meter mark and do you
• 17:36
  Speaker 1: have to you have to go down past it, and
• 17:40
  Speaker 1: I guess creepy. It is creepy, but it's also apparently
• 17:43
  Speaker 1: like even though you have a rebreather on or scuba apparatus.
• 17:47
  Speaker 1: It still steeps in through your skin while you're swimming
• 17:50
  Speaker 1: through it, and people will like throw up and UM
• 17:53
  Speaker 1: get itchy, kind of breakout and hives start to get
• 17:56
  Speaker 1: nauseated and headaches because it starts it creeps in through
• 18:00
  Speaker 1: your skin in just that short time. UM. So it's
• 18:03
  Speaker 1: really gross. It's really really toxic in this concentrated form.
• 18:07
  Speaker 1: It's like basically UM concentrated gas forms suspended in a
• 18:12
  Speaker 1: blanket layer and UM oxygen can't get past it. So
• 18:17
  Speaker 1: there it's an anaerobic environment in that lower layer UM,
• 18:21
  Speaker 1: which means it should be totally dead and lifeless. But
• 18:24
  Speaker 1: one of the things that they're finding out about blue
• 18:26
  Speaker 1: holes is that even in this anaerobic, toxic layer UM,
• 18:31
  Speaker 1: there is archaea, another type of life that's not quite
• 18:35
  Speaker 1: bacteria UM and definitely not you carryotes um or Procariot's.
• 18:41
  Speaker 1: I can never remember which one we are UM. But
• 18:44
  Speaker 1: they lived down there, their extreme aphiles is what they're
• 18:47
  Speaker 1: usually called these these days, And there's a whole kind
• 18:51
  Speaker 1: of teeming colony of life down there that actually takes
• 18:55
  Speaker 1: all of this stuff that accidentally falls into the blue
• 18:58
  Speaker 1: holes and digests them and turns them into this bioavailable
• 19:01
  Speaker 1: nutriatment ranch sediment that's just kind of trapped down at
• 19:05
  Speaker 1: the bottom of the Blue Hole. Yeah, and in the
• 19:07
  Speaker 1: Great Blue Hole when they went down there, they saw
• 19:10
  Speaker 1: I think they described it as a I say conk
• 19:13
  Speaker 1: They were saying conch. I'm not sure which is correct,
• 19:16
  Speaker 1: but I've always said conk um, but like a conk
• 19:19
  Speaker 1: graveyard down there, basically where it's just littered with all
• 19:22
  Speaker 1: these poor little sea creatures that happened to fall below
• 19:26
  Speaker 1: that that layer and they can't get back out, and
• 19:29
  Speaker 1: it's like Silence of the Lamb's esque. There's even like
• 19:32
  Speaker 1: scratch marks where you can tell they've tried to get
• 19:34
  Speaker 1: out over the years and we're unable to. Yeah, conk
• 19:37
  Speaker 1: fingernails that have peeled off and are stuck on the
• 19:40
  Speaker 1: sides of the walls. It's it's a bad jam. What
• 19:42
  Speaker 1: do you think about that Claires show? Is it going
• 19:44
  Speaker 1: to be any good? I like the concept, Yeah, I
• 19:49
  Speaker 1: mean too, but of a direct sequel, But I don't know.
• 19:52
  Speaker 1: I saw that they um, they seem to be recreating
• 19:56
  Speaker 1: the Lamb thing, and I think one of the I
• 19:59
  Speaker 1: just saw this movie like a week ago and it's
• 20:02
  Speaker 1: still just so good. Um. I think one of the
• 20:05
  Speaker 1: strengths of is that they don't show any of that story.
• 20:08
  Speaker 1: It's all just Clarice and her her telling of the
• 20:12
  Speaker 1: story makes it so much creep here. Yeah, there's no
• 20:15
  Speaker 1: like flashback scene or anything. Right, So this TV show
• 20:19
  Speaker 1: did that, and I'm wondering if that says a lot
• 20:21
  Speaker 1: about it or not. I'm wondering who is playing Buffalo Bill,
• 20:26
  Speaker 1: because they recreate some of that stuff. It looks like
• 20:29
  Speaker 1: my friend, it's our old pal, Tommy Chong, the note holder.
• 20:33
  Speaker 1: He got himself a pretty sweet gig he's playing him. No,
• 20:37
  Speaker 1: I'm just it's like, man, I mean they should just
• 20:40
  Speaker 1: get that that guy. He's around and still creepy looking. Yeah. Yeah,
• 20:44
  Speaker 1: Jamee Gum, the guy who played Jamee Gum. Yeah, sure,
• 20:48
  Speaker 1: uh yeah, why not? Uh so where are we here?
• 20:52
  Speaker 1: We were talking about little crabs and things trying to
• 20:55
  Speaker 1: get up unsuccessfully, which really is super sad. Yeah. So
• 21:00
  Speaker 1: there's a whole con Conch graveyard done. Who is saying
• 21:03
  Speaker 1: conch where they British? M hmmm, I don't remember because
• 21:07
  Speaker 1: I've always heard conk too. So yeah, there's a whole
• 21:09
  Speaker 1: conk and hermit crab graveyard down at the bottom of
• 21:12
  Speaker 1: the blue hole UM. And it is sad, but it's
• 21:16
  Speaker 1: just kind of like the circle of life thing. But again,
• 21:18
  Speaker 1: the weird thing about these blue holes is that some
• 21:21
  Speaker 1: of them are not circles. It's all just a one
• 21:23
  Speaker 1: way deposit of stuff from the top down to the bottom,
• 21:27
  Speaker 1: and everything just kind of gets stuck there and again
• 21:29
  Speaker 1: forms this pretty cool record isolated in time. UM. That's
• 21:34
  Speaker 1: not entirely true of all blue holes. It is for
• 21:37
  Speaker 1: the Great Blue Hole UM, and plenty of other blue
• 21:40
  Speaker 1: holes where it's just like things go in they don't
• 21:42
  Speaker 1: come back out. But there are other blue holes out there, UM,
• 21:46
  Speaker 1: including one called Green Banana Blue Hole UM in the
• 21:49
  Speaker 1: Gulf of Mexico I think off the coast of Sarasota.
• 21:53
  Speaker 1: That is UM pretty deep. It's like, uh, four hundred
• 21:57
  Speaker 1: and fifty feet I think for her in thirty five
• 22:00
  Speaker 1: ft below the surfaces the bottom of it UM and
• 22:03
  Speaker 1: it starts a hundred and fifty four ft below the surface,
• 22:06
  Speaker 1: and it's some incredibly vibrant, alive oasis in the midst
• 22:12
  Speaker 1: of this relatively barren Gulf of Mexico desert. UH. And
• 22:17
  Speaker 1: they are trying to figure out what the heck is
• 22:19
  Speaker 1: going on because other blue holes ares just like life suckers,
• 22:26
  Speaker 1: and this blue hole is like, have some more life.
• 22:28
  Speaker 1: You get some life, You get some life, and you
• 22:30
  Speaker 1: get some life. You know. It's a pretty interesting conundrum.
• 22:34
  Speaker 1: Does the green banana have that layer? Yes, although so
• 22:38
  Speaker 1: I'm sorry it doesn't have the layer, but it has
• 22:40
  Speaker 1: plenty of hydrogen sulfide in it. There's some, there's some, yeah,
• 22:45
  Speaker 1: And they're trying to figure out why. Because there's another
• 22:47
  Speaker 1: hole it's similar called Amberjack Hole that they've explored, and
• 22:51
  Speaker 1: it definitely has a layer, but there's also some sort
• 22:54
  Speaker 1: of nutrient flux or exchange with Amberjack too, But in
• 22:57
  Speaker 1: the green Banana, there's like it's like a two way
• 23:00
  Speaker 1: highway going from the top to the bottom up to
• 23:03
  Speaker 1: the rim. And what's interesting is they've figured out that
• 23:07
  Speaker 1: there are microbes there, I think archaa that actually eat
• 23:11
  Speaker 1: the inorganic carbon that leaches out of the dissolving walls
• 23:15
  Speaker 1: of the cave underwater. It eats it and turns it
• 23:19
  Speaker 1: into organic carbon, which then makes its way up somehow
• 23:23
  Speaker 1: to the rim, so that there's actually more life that
• 23:27
  Speaker 1: can be sustained there's more bioavailable carbon than would be
• 23:31
  Speaker 1: there if those microbes weren't chomping on it and turning
• 23:34
  Speaker 1: it into two organic carbon. So it's pretty interesting stuff.
• 23:37
  Speaker 1: And like, you don't find this kind of thing just anywhere.
• 23:40
  Speaker 1: So they're starting to really figure out that, like, these
• 23:43
  Speaker 1: blue holes are very unusual, unique communities, even among compared
• 23:49
  Speaker 1: to one another, but especially when you step back and
• 23:51
  Speaker 1: compared to like Topeka, it really knocks your socks off. Yeah,
• 23:57
  Speaker 1: and these are you know, they're all underwater capses ms.
• 24:00
  Speaker 1: There are parts of these cape systems that are still
• 24:03
  Speaker 1: unexplored because they're so vast or so deep. Uh, And
• 24:07
  Speaker 1: like you said, there's new in there. You know, it's
• 24:09
  Speaker 1: dangerous to to get down there, even if you're Richard
• 24:12
  Speaker 1: Branson in a fancy, you know, multimillion dollar submarine. One
• 24:16
  Speaker 1: of the things in the ones off the coast of
• 24:18
  Speaker 1: Florida that they're trying to figure out is whether they
• 24:21
  Speaker 1: actually connect to the aquifers in Florida and whether or
• 24:25
  Speaker 1: not that is the reason why, uh, there's some saltwater
• 24:28
  Speaker 1: intrusion going on in the state's drinking water. Yeah, and
• 24:31
  Speaker 1: it's it's possible that that flow of nutrients up and
• 24:35
  Speaker 1: down the green banana has to do with some sort
• 24:38
  Speaker 1: of tidal connection because there's like a flushing mechanism. Maybe
• 24:41
  Speaker 1: it could be from the aquifers. They don't know. Um,
• 24:44
  Speaker 1: but that would be a big one to figure out
• 24:46
  Speaker 1: because saltwater intrusion, especially down to Miami, is an enormous
• 24:50
  Speaker 1: problem and will probably lead to that city being abandoned
• 24:53
  Speaker 1: in the next fifty years. Poor Miami. Unless I mean,
• 24:58
  Speaker 1: we could always figure out desalination p sesses. But um, yeah,
• 25:02
  Speaker 1: that'd be a town to save, if you ask me.
• 25:03
  Speaker 1: I love Miami. Oh yeah. Oh it's vibrant. I'm not
• 25:09
  Speaker 1: the biggest fan, but you know it's not for everyone. Sure, no,
• 25:14
  Speaker 1: but it is. I like it. I think it's a
• 25:16
  Speaker 1: great town. Uh. Should we take another break here? Yes,
• 25:22
  Speaker 1: all right, we'll take a break and we'll finish up
• 25:23
  Speaker 1: with with diving in these things. I guess. Sure, it's okay, Chuck,
• 25:50
  Speaker 1: Like I said, you know, Jacques Cousteau kind of said, hey,
• 25:52
  Speaker 1: everybody go check out the Great Blue Hole. It's amazing,
• 25:55
  Speaker 1: But there are plenty of other blue holes out there
• 25:57
  Speaker 1: that everybody wants to dive on, and we should say
• 26:00
  Speaker 1: the Great Blue hole is not just famous because of
• 26:03
  Speaker 1: Jacques Cousto. It's not just noteworthy because of Jacques Cousto.
• 26:07
  Speaker 1: Not like he could have gone to just any blue
• 26:08
  Speaker 1: hole and it would have been like the the best
• 26:12
  Speaker 1: known blue hole in the world. Like it's incredibly large,
• 26:15
  Speaker 1: it's it's not the deepest blue hole on the planet.
• 26:19
  Speaker 1: I think that one actually goes to one in the
• 26:21
  Speaker 1: South China Sea called the Young Lee Marine Cavern, which
• 26:25
  Speaker 1: is about three nearly a thousand feet deep UM. This
• 26:30
  Speaker 1: one is uh, I think four hundred and fifteen feet
• 26:33
  Speaker 1: deep UM. But it's a thousand feet across. So if
• 26:36
  Speaker 1: you combine it's width and its depth, it's the biggest
• 26:39
  Speaker 1: blue hole out there as far as we've discovered yet. Yeah,
• 26:43
  Speaker 1: and that's what makes it great, and that's what makes
• 26:45
  Speaker 1: it a diving destination. But it is very dangerous. UM
• 26:50
  Speaker 1: is not something any kind of novice diver um wants
• 26:53
  Speaker 1: to take part in. In fact, I'm sure I'm not
• 26:56
  Speaker 1: sure how they You're probably not even allowed to unless
• 27:01
  Speaker 1: you're at a certain level of diving ability, would be
• 27:04
  Speaker 1: my guess. I think it how they can police that, right, Yeah,
• 27:07
  Speaker 1: that's that's my question too. I don't I don't know
• 27:09
  Speaker 1: how they police at all. I've I've read about one
• 27:11
  Speaker 1: called Jacob's Well, I think in New Mexico or Texas that, um,
• 27:15
  Speaker 1: some people die diving on it, and somebody tried to
• 27:18
  Speaker 1: put up a great that kept people out of the
• 27:21
  Speaker 1: rest of the cavern system and they just immediately removed
• 27:24
  Speaker 1: it and kept going. So I don't know how you
• 27:26
  Speaker 1: would police that either. But it is dangerous because it's
• 27:31
  Speaker 1: super super deep. It's dangerous because of that layer of
• 27:34
  Speaker 1: hydrogen sulfide that we talked about. UM, you know we've uh,
• 27:39
  Speaker 1: I know we talked about the Ben's in quite a
• 27:41
  Speaker 1: few episodes, but um, nitrogen narcosis can happen at just
• 27:45
  Speaker 1: a hundred feet down. So, like, the conditions are just
• 27:48
  Speaker 1: so different than anything you would normally encounter as a diver.
• 27:52
  Speaker 1: You can't just use your regular rule book and playbook
• 27:56
  Speaker 1: and think everything is going to be just fine. Like,
• 27:58
  Speaker 1: it's very specific conditions. Really got to know what you're
• 28:00
  Speaker 1: doing as far as blue hole specific diving goes. Uh.
• 28:05
  Speaker 1: And like we mentioned earlier, those three people died, um
• 28:09
  Speaker 1: at least three people. UM, there's probably been more, I
• 28:11
  Speaker 1: would guess, but three verified people have died in the
• 28:14
  Speaker 1: Great blue Hole alone. Yeah, from what I saw, when
• 28:18
  Speaker 1: you dive a blue hole, it's a combination of technical diving,
• 28:23
  Speaker 1: which is like really really deep diving that requires all
• 28:27
  Speaker 1: sorts of planning and skill, combined with cave diving, which requires,
• 28:31
  Speaker 1: like we we talked about before, all sorts of finesse.
• 28:35
  Speaker 1: Like if your flipper just flicks one of these spilea
• 28:38
  Speaker 1: them's um, it just dissolves into a cloud of silt
• 28:41
  Speaker 1: and you don't have any idea what's up and what's
• 28:44
  Speaker 1: down any longer. So it is really really tricky. Um,
• 28:47
  Speaker 1: and you know people do die. Uh. You saw that
• 28:50
  Speaker 1: one article I think I sent from fizz dot org
• 28:54
  Speaker 1: I think where I was talking about them, um searching
• 28:58
  Speaker 1: the cave system under Dean blue Hole in the Bahamas,
• 29:02
  Speaker 1: and um, they came across a diver who was still
• 29:05
  Speaker 1: wearing his nineteen seventies scuba equipment and had been left
• 29:10
  Speaker 1: in place there after dying there. So it's like really
• 29:13
  Speaker 1: really dangerous diving. And there's a blue hole in Egypt
• 29:16
  Speaker 1: that's considered the graveyard, the diver's graveyard, I think, so
• 29:21
  Speaker 1: that that diver looked like Brad Pitt in Once upon
• 29:24
  Speaker 1: a Time in Hollywood basically. I mean, wouldn't that make
• 29:27
  Speaker 1: it exponentially creepier to just the fact that it's like
• 29:30
  Speaker 1: seventies diving equipment, that's just something about it would make
• 29:35
  Speaker 1: that horrifying to come upon in a dark cave. It's
• 29:39
  Speaker 1: cooler looking equipment, for sure. They should have never progressed
• 29:44
  Speaker 1: past that design into the you know, mountain dew electric
• 29:49
  Speaker 1: yellow kind of thing that they've got going on today.
• 29:52
  Speaker 1: Back when they were called skin divers exactly. I don't
• 29:56
  Speaker 1: even know what that means. I don't either. Um, I
• 30:00
  Speaker 1: don't either, because you usually are wearing a wet suit.
• 30:03
  Speaker 1: Maybe maybe there there it's like the opposite of dry
• 30:07
  Speaker 1: suit diving. I don't know, who knows. Everybody in the
• 30:10
  Speaker 1: seventies was stoned on pot so you can't make heads
• 30:14
  Speaker 1: or tails at what they're talking about these things. Blue
• 30:17
  Speaker 1: holes are also a good place to go if you
• 30:19
  Speaker 1: are a free diver, uh and if you're interested in
• 30:22
  Speaker 1: setting any kind of a free diving record, a blue
• 30:25
  Speaker 1: hole is a great place to go, even though it's
• 30:26
  Speaker 1: dangerous because it's super deep. Um. We talked about free
• 30:31
  Speaker 1: diving before, but that's you know, that's diving without the
• 30:34
  Speaker 1: scuba gear. It's people that can hold their breath really
• 30:37
  Speaker 1: really long time, people that can um whose bodies can
• 30:41
  Speaker 1: adjust to those depths uh better I guess, or maybe
• 30:45
  Speaker 1: they're just trained to adjust better than other people. And
• 30:49
  Speaker 1: I think um it was the site up until semi
• 30:52
  Speaker 1: recently where they actually had a competition. They are called
• 30:55
  Speaker 1: Vertical Blue where they have set world records, but don't
• 31:00
  Speaker 1: think they do it there anymore, right, I don't know
• 31:02
  Speaker 1: if they hold Vertical Blue or not. But there is
• 31:04
  Speaker 1: a type of free diving called um no Limits free diving,
• 31:09
  Speaker 1: which is I think they stopped recording records because they
• 31:13
  Speaker 1: didn't want to encourage people to do this any longer.
• 31:17
  Speaker 1: It's like the most extreme version of one of the
• 31:19
  Speaker 1: most extreme sports there is. Free diving on its own,
• 31:21
  Speaker 1: it's just crazy nuts. But um no limits free diving
• 31:25
  Speaker 1: is where you have I think flippers on in a
• 31:28
  Speaker 1: wet suit in a mask, and that's it. You just
• 31:30
  Speaker 1: take a deep, deep breath and hold it, and then
• 31:32
  Speaker 1: you take a weighted sled that pulls you, plunges you
• 31:36
  Speaker 1: down to the depths of the blue hole very very quickly,
• 31:40
  Speaker 1: and then when you reach the level that you're trying
• 31:42
  Speaker 1: to reach usually just set a new record. Um, you
• 31:45
  Speaker 1: grab onto a buoy that's down there and it takes
• 31:47
  Speaker 1: you back up really quickly, and I was like, how
• 31:50
  Speaker 1: can you not get the bends? And the key is
• 31:53
  Speaker 1: the trick is you're not breathing at depth. You're just
• 31:57
  Speaker 1: holding your breath when you breathe it. That's how nitrogen
• 32:01
  Speaker 1: bubbles can get dissolved into your bloodstream, if you're just
• 32:04
  Speaker 1: holding your breath. I guess that that could happen, but
• 32:07
  Speaker 1: I think it's much less likely for it to happen
• 32:09
  Speaker 1: either way. It's not it can't possibly be good for
• 32:12
  Speaker 1: your body because these guys are holding like they're holding
• 32:14
  Speaker 1: their breath for nine minutes I saw in one case.
• 32:19
  Speaker 1: I can't imagine what it does to your body going
• 32:21
  Speaker 1: that fast down and then that fast back up again,
• 32:25
  Speaker 1: Like I can't go eight feet down in a swimming
• 32:28
  Speaker 1: pool without my ears doing something funny. You just come
• 32:31
  Speaker 1: up like, oh, it didn't hurt. But it's I don't know.
• 32:35
  Speaker 1: I mean, obviously it's practice and training and all that stuff,
• 32:38
  Speaker 1: but I say, no, thank you. Yeah, And so we
• 32:40
  Speaker 1: should tell people like with the depths, we're talking about
• 32:42
  Speaker 1: the guy who holds the record right now is named
• 32:44
  Speaker 1: Herbert Niche. He doved seven hundred and two feet like
• 32:49
  Speaker 1: this back in two thousand and seven, and in two
• 32:52
  Speaker 1: thousand and twelve he did it again, this time to
• 32:54
  Speaker 1: eight hundred and thirty one ft by but by that
• 32:57
  Speaker 1: time they weren't recording records any longer, so it's an
• 33:01
  Speaker 1: unofficial record. But eight hundred and thirty one feet on
• 33:05
  Speaker 1: a breath and then back up this nuts man. So
• 33:10
  Speaker 1: when you can imagine that when people try this stuff,
• 33:12
  Speaker 1: they die sometimes. And at that vertical blue competition at
• 33:16
  Speaker 1: Dean's Blue Hole, which is a Ankiellen pole or pool
• 33:20
  Speaker 1: up in the Bahamas, Um, it's a guy named Nicholas
• 33:24
  Speaker 1: Mvoli died back in two thousand and twelve. Very sad
• 33:29
  Speaker 1: it is. It's a very dangerous thing to do free diving.
• 33:32
  Speaker 1: It's also a dangerous thing to do diving on blue holes.
• 33:35
  Speaker 1: But I guess it's one of those ones where that
• 33:37
  Speaker 1: you work toward a goal and you finally get to
• 33:40
  Speaker 1: do it and your life has changed forever. Kind of
• 33:43
  Speaker 1: you know, you got anything else? I got nothing else?
• 33:47
  Speaker 1: I don't either. Man. If you want to know more
• 33:49
  Speaker 1: about blue holes, there is a lot to learn. Out there,
• 33:52
  Speaker 1: so just start researching and uh, thank us later. And
• 33:55
  Speaker 1: since I said thank us later, it's time for listener mail. Uh.
• 34:01
  Speaker 1: This is a good one. This was in response to
• 34:02
  Speaker 1: the in Double a CP episode. Hey guys, just finished
• 34:06
  Speaker 1: listening to in Double a CP made me think of
• 34:08
  Speaker 1: my father's college days. He attend an old miss when
• 34:11
  Speaker 1: James Meredith joined the school. Uh, and one day saw
• 34:13
  Speaker 1: an opportunity to help a young field reporter named Dan
• 34:16
  Speaker 1: Rather move his equipment from the registration building to the library.
• 34:20
  Speaker 1: My dad kept in contact with Mr Rather and let
• 34:22
  Speaker 1: him know that he was actually living in the same
• 34:24
  Speaker 1: dorm as Mr Meredith. Uh. And that is how his
• 34:27
  Speaker 1: time as a stringer began um, providing mostly audio clips
• 34:32
  Speaker 1: of events happening at the school. He said. At the
• 34:34
  Speaker 1: time he was selling reels to CBS, ABC, UH, CBC
• 34:38
  Speaker 1: and the BBC, making around six to eight hundred dollars
• 34:41
  Speaker 1: a week, which is real money for a college kid
• 34:43
  Speaker 1: in the sixties. I mean, that's real money now. It
• 34:47
  Speaker 1: was only a matter of time before the university found
• 34:49
  Speaker 1: out who was providing the footage and offered my dad
• 34:52
  Speaker 1: the choice of stopping or being expelled. He opted for expulsion,
• 34:55
  Speaker 1: thinking he could just enroll in another college, but then
• 34:58
  Speaker 1: learned that his and scripts were flagged and he could
• 35:01
  Speaker 1: not just pick up and move to another school, so
• 35:04
  Speaker 1: he had to go I know right, Uh, So he
• 35:07
  Speaker 1: had to go back to Old Miss and promised not
• 35:08
  Speaker 1: to report anymore so he could finish and get his degree,
• 35:12
  Speaker 1: which he did. Uh. Several years later, he married my
• 35:14
  Speaker 1: mom and they took a trip to the CBS studios
• 35:18
  Speaker 1: near them, and my dad suggested they pop in to
• 35:21
  Speaker 1: say hi to Dan Rather. My mom thought he was
• 35:23
  Speaker 1: pulling her leg. They went to the studio as to
• 35:25
  Speaker 1: speak to him and was promptly asked if they had
• 35:28
  Speaker 1: an appointment and was turned away. As they were leaving,
• 35:31
  Speaker 1: Dan Rather walk by and said John last name redacted,
• 35:35
  Speaker 1: How the heck are you curse word redacted? Uh? And
• 35:39
  Speaker 1: according to my mom, she almost fainted. Anyway, my family
• 35:42
  Speaker 1: has always taken a lot of pride that my dad
• 35:44
  Speaker 1: helped shed light on the UH integration at Old Miss. Granted,
• 35:48
  Speaker 1: his role could have been filled by almost any of
• 35:50
  Speaker 1: the students living in his dorm, but he was the
• 35:53
  Speaker 1: one who did it. And that is Brenda in sarah Sota, Florida.
• 35:57
  Speaker 1: That's a great story. Brendan, they jibes quite well with
• 36:00
  Speaker 1: our blue holes theme because there's some office hea soda too. Totally.
• 36:04
  Speaker 1: That's great. Yeah, the University of Mississippi's like, you better
• 36:07
  Speaker 1: stop reporting now get back to class and journalism school exactly.
• 36:13
  Speaker 1: Uh well, thanks again, Brenda, And if you want to
• 36:15
  Speaker 1: get in touch with this, like Brenda did, you can
• 36:18
  Speaker 1: send us an email to Stuff Podcast at iHeart radio
• 36:21
  Speaker 1: dot com. Stuff you Should Know is a production of
• 36:26
  Speaker 1: I Heart Radio for more podcasts for my heart Radio
• 36:29
  Speaker 1: because at the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever
• 36:32
  Speaker 1: you listen to your favorite shows.