Latest / The Eye of Jupiter Podcast / 125 The Fermi Paradox EXPLAINED! Terry Adair Asks “Where Are the Little Green Men?”

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125 The Fermi Paradox EXPLAINED! Terry Adair Asks “Where Are the Little Green Men?” · The Eye of Jupiter Podcast

• 0:05
  Speaker 1: There was this massive dog man and he had already
• 0:10
  Speaker 1: had one Paul, massive Paul on my front the chield,
• 0:14
  Speaker 1: and one Paul right above my mirror on the driver's side,
• 0:19
  Speaker 1: and the driver's side of my car just pushed down,
• 0:23
  Speaker 1: just the weight of it just puts pushed down, and
• 0:26
  Speaker 1: the Paul that was on my front windshield, my windshield
• 0:29
  Speaker 1: started cracking.
• 0:31
  Speaker 2: And held it and held it and held it. And
• 0:33
  Speaker 2: then while I was holding it, but it's like the.
• 0:38
  Speaker 3: Ground underneath me.
• 0:40
  Speaker 1: Just kind of opened up and I just kind of
• 0:43
  Speaker 1: fell through the planet.
• 0:47
  Speaker 3: He wasn't moving, he wasn't blinking, like there was a
• 0:50
  Speaker 3: complete like just like blankness to his face, like there
• 0:54
  Speaker 3: was this there was nothing there. I rubbed my corn
• 1:00
  Speaker 3: of my truck. I jump out the truck and talk,
• 1:04
  Speaker 3: and that's what I knew it was. It was just
• 1:07
  Speaker 3: gold there. There would be a real low general brown.
• 1:16
  Speaker 3: One more step and he's going to be in clear view.
• 1:19
  Speaker 3: And he takes that one more step and he just
• 1:21
  Speaker 3: it was like he just stepped behind an invisible curtain
• 1:24
  Speaker 3: and he wasn't there anymore. Welcome back to the show,
• 1:32
  Speaker 3: every One. This is episode of one and twenty five
• 1:35
  Speaker 3: with author mister Terry Adare, he wrote the book Where
• 1:39
  Speaker 3: Are All the Little Green Men? And we talked about
• 1:42
  Speaker 3: the Fermi paradox. He's basically asked a new question, you know,
• 1:46
  Speaker 3: are we alone in the universe? And he had some
• 1:49
  Speaker 3: insight as to why maybe it's not, as there's not
• 1:52
  Speaker 3: as much intelligent life in the universe as we think
• 1:56
  Speaker 3: there should be. Very very interesting episode. I thoroughly enjoyed it,
• 2:00
  Speaker 3: and I hope you guys enjoy it as well. If
• 2:02
  Speaker 3: you keep coming back to the Eye of Jupiter, please
• 2:04
  Speaker 3: do me a favor, like and subscribe to the channel
• 2:06
  Speaker 3: over here on your MP three side, and also leave
• 2:10
  Speaker 3: me rating. That would be great. If you want to
• 2:11
  Speaker 3: support the show, that's the best way to do it.
• 2:14
  Speaker 3: So if you want to reach out to me, you
• 2:15
  Speaker 3: can do so by contacting me through my email at
• 2:18
  Speaker 3: Theiyeo Jupiter Podcast at gmail dot com one more time,
• 2:22
  Speaker 3: THEI of Jupiter Podcast at gmail dot com, and I'll
• 2:25
  Speaker 3: get back to you and have you on the show.
• 2:27
  Speaker 3: If you can also do me a favorite, go over
• 2:29
  Speaker 3: to the YouTube side of things and like and subscribe
• 2:31
  Speaker 3: over there, maybe become a member, get some episodes early
• 2:34
  Speaker 3: and all extended episodes, everything anything, over one hour. You
• 2:38
  Speaker 3: can also find there as well on a separateeer called
• 2:41
  Speaker 3: Behind the Eye. It's been very interesting the people who
• 2:44
  Speaker 3: are reaching out to me, and this one was different.
• 2:47
  Speaker 3: I hope you guys enjoy it. I know I did.
• 2:50
  Speaker 3: So please get your popcorn, get your coke, and enjoy
• 2:53
  Speaker 3: this episode with one mister Terry. I dare.
• 3:00
  Speaker 2: To appreciate it, and thanks for the opportunity of sharing
• 3:03
  Speaker 2: my book with you. Where are the Little Green Men
• 3:06
  Speaker 2: and the Where my pleasure?
• 3:09
  Speaker 3: Man, my pleasure? I'm glad you're man. Yeah, you've reached
• 3:13
  Speaker 3: out to me, dude, And I was like, you know,
• 3:16
  Speaker 3: a booking agent, and I was like, oh my god,
• 3:18
  Speaker 3: I hope I'm professional enough to do this. It's just
• 3:21
  Speaker 3: it's all new for me, you know. I'm like, okay, this.
• 3:23
  Speaker 2: Is I appreciate that working. Yeah, you know, it's a
• 3:27
  Speaker 2: little move for me as well.
• 3:30
  Speaker 3: Yeah, okay, I'm in Like, we get our timing down
• 3:34
  Speaker 3: in a second. You're in Lake Taco, Taco, Naked Taco.
• 3:38
  Speaker 3: I'm definitely in Mexico, Lake Tahoe that is in the
• 3:42
  Speaker 3: California Nevada border.
• 3:44
  Speaker 2: Correct, exactly. If you look at Lake Tahoe like a
• 3:47
  Speaker 2: clock Incline Village is where I am is at the
• 3:51
  Speaker 2: one o'clock spot. That's right in the north part of
• 3:54
  Speaker 2: I'm in Nevada.
• 3:56
  Speaker 3: You're in the Oh, Okay, that's great. I've never been
• 4:00
  Speaker 3: to Nevada, California a very long time ago. Actually during
• 4:03
  Speaker 3: nine to eleven. I was in the NTC, the National
• 4:06
  Speaker 3: Training Center when that occurred, but I never had the
• 4:09
  Speaker 3: chance to go to Nevada. But I'm going to work
• 4:11
  Speaker 3: my way up through a lot of things now that
• 4:14
  Speaker 3: I'm getting hopefully closer to retirement and do well, not
• 4:18
  Speaker 3: with this, of course, but with you know, being able
• 4:20
  Speaker 3: to support myself. And yeah, I'm enjoying it. And yeah, Terry,
• 4:27
  Speaker 3: please do us a favor here at the Eye and
• 4:29
  Speaker 3: tell us a little bit about yourself where we can
• 4:31
  Speaker 3: find you in what you're promoting today.
• 4:34
  Speaker 2: I appreciate that, Thank you very much. Actually, I'm not
• 4:37
  Speaker 2: an author at for a regular job. I'm an oral
• 4:40
  Speaker 2: and MAX official radiologist, and that's not that easy even
• 4:44
  Speaker 2: for me to say so. Oral and max official radiology
• 4:47
  Speaker 2: is a specialty within dentistry. I practiced clinical dentistry for
• 4:51
  Speaker 2: twenty six years and I went back into a residency
• 4:54
  Speaker 2: at fifty five what you call non traditional and with
• 4:58
  Speaker 2: a bunch of I say young kids. They're like twenty
• 5:00
  Speaker 2: eight and thirty years old. I'm fifty five and I'm
• 5:04
  Speaker 2: starting a new profession. But radiology oral maxofacial radiology is
• 5:09
  Speaker 2: a specialty in dentistry. In dentistry unlike but people might think,
• 5:15
  Speaker 2: is based in sciences, and I just had a mind
• 5:18
  Speaker 2: for it, and all that science has been bouncing around
• 5:21
  Speaker 2: in my head for years and I just pick up
• 5:23
  Speaker 2: this stuff here and there. And my approach to and
• 5:28
  Speaker 2: I'm going to get into this a little bit later,
• 5:30
  Speaker 2: my approach to looking at the world and the universe
• 5:32
  Speaker 2: is through the lens of energy, and it's a unique
• 5:36
  Speaker 2: way of looking at it. And energy is assumed in
• 5:44
  Speaker 2: fiction or science fiction, but in reality, it is the story.
• 5:49
  Speaker 2: Nothing happens without energy. And I hope that your audience,
• 5:54
  Speaker 2: if nothing else, will leave this episode with a different
• 5:58
  Speaker 2: appreciation of energy what it means to us. And I'll
• 6:01
  Speaker 2: go into a little bit more. It's a little bit
• 6:03
  Speaker 2: complicated because energy we're so a wash and energy people
• 6:08
  Speaker 2: just assume that's always there and it's just free for
• 6:11
  Speaker 2: the taking. But energy is not there for the taking.
• 6:18
  Speaker 3: Yeah, yeah, if that was if energy was free for
• 6:20
  Speaker 3: the taking, then you know, y cleft the Tesla's why
• 6:24
  Speaker 3: cleft would be a little bit more of a reality,
• 6:26
  Speaker 3: wouldn't it.
• 6:27
  Speaker 2: Yeah, it would. Yeah, there's a sense even Nikola Tesla
• 6:32
  Speaker 2: kind of sort of seated that flower bed that the
• 6:36
  Speaker 2: idea that you can just extract energy out of the air, right,
• 6:39
  Speaker 2: And there's this idea that that can be done. And
• 6:43
  Speaker 2: the truth is that there's an abundance of intelligence in
• 6:48
  Speaker 2: imagination and creativity, but there's not an abundance of energy.
• 6:53
  Speaker 2: The universe in its entirety has a lot of energy,
• 6:58
  Speaker 2: but it's very diffuse. So if you look at how
• 7:01
  Speaker 2: spread out and I will talk about this a little
• 7:03
  Speaker 2: bit more, everyone has the sense of it already that
• 7:07
  Speaker 2: this place is gigantic, that we're just one planet, one sun,
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  Speaker 2: in a galaxy of hundreds of billions of other suns,
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  Speaker 2: presumably with similar type of planets. But there's two trillion
• 7:22
  Speaker 2: like this throughout the universe. It's just just vast beyond imagination.
• 7:25
  Speaker 2: So when you focus in on the energy of the Sun, yeah,
• 7:29
  Speaker 2: there's a lot of energy, but it's not just energy
• 7:32
  Speaker 2: free for the taking. And that's kind of the heart
• 7:34
  Speaker 2: of my book, so like a lot of books, there's
• 7:38
  Speaker 2: more than one story in it, and Where Are the
• 7:40
  Speaker 2: Little Green Men? Is similar. The focus of the book
• 7:45
  Speaker 2: primarily is centered on the Fermi paradox, and I love
• 7:48
  Speaker 2: this idea so much, and the Fermi paradox is an idea.
• 7:55
  Speaker 2: The paradox is, as I just described, there are so many,
• 7:59
  Speaker 2: literally countless, other planets out there and other stars. There
• 8:03
  Speaker 2: has to be other intelligent life. There's just no way. Mathematically,
• 8:07
  Speaker 2: even if you take a small fraction of that, that's
• 8:09
  Speaker 2: still hundreds of thousands, or millions, or even billions. There's
• 8:12
  Speaker 2: so many, but yet we don't have scientific Now, this
• 8:17
  Speaker 2: doesn't take away from anyone's belief in extraterresturials, ET's aliens,
• 8:23
  Speaker 2: or anyone's experience for that. It doesn't even touch on
• 8:26
  Speaker 2: that at all, because I had my own experience many
• 8:29
  Speaker 2: many years ago when I was younger, and I had
• 8:30
  Speaker 2: no explanation and still do not today. Now. I didn't
• 8:34
  Speaker 2: see a creature. I haven't been to a museum in
• 8:36
  Speaker 2: seeing a taxidermy et right, or a space faring craft.
• 8:42
  Speaker 2: I haven't seen that, but I don't doubt that. But
• 8:46
  Speaker 2: the Formi paradox is from what we expect in what
• 8:50
  Speaker 2: we scientifically observe. That's the paradox, and it has Enrico
• 8:55
  Speaker 2: Fermi's name because off handedly, seventy years ago in a
• 8:58
  Speaker 2: lunch room, he happened to mention or asked the question,
• 9:03
  Speaker 2: where is everybody? And that's the question that's lingered, and
• 9:06
  Speaker 2: that question is has gotten his name. He wanted to
• 9:09
  Speaker 2: get a Nobel prize, but not for his paradox. That
• 9:11
  Speaker 2: was not his area of specialty. So there have been
• 9:18
  Speaker 2: so many explanations for the Fermi paradox, all kinds of
• 9:21
  Speaker 2: them to try to explain why we haven't seen as
• 9:25
  Speaker 2: many or at least we certainly we don't have them landing
• 9:28
  Speaker 2: in universities, right, we don't have that. We have plenty
• 9:32
  Speaker 2: of anecdotal information people's experience, whether they have a vision, abduction,
• 9:38
  Speaker 2: or whatever it may be, these type of reports, but
• 9:42
  Speaker 2: scientifically it hasn't kind of met that that bar we want.
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  Speaker 2: So that's what the Fermi paradox is, just kind of
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  Speaker 2: that issue. So my book talks about my approach to
• 9:53
  Speaker 2: answering the f paradox, which is one of energy. The
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  Speaker 2: next one is what makes our planet so special? And
• 10:02
  Speaker 2: Tom I'm I'm a little bit surprised by this, and
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  Speaker 2: I understand it's human nature that we get up and
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  Speaker 2: we have this experience that we've had our entire life,
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  Speaker 2: basically all of this abundance, and it's easy to take
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  Speaker 2: that for granted without recognizing where did it come from.
• 10:21
  Speaker 2: And I'd like to get into detail about what the
• 10:24
  Speaker 2: the history the evolution of that is. And so that's
• 10:28
  Speaker 2: that's the second one, what makes our planet special. Then
• 10:32
  Speaker 2: the third one is.
• 10:35
  Speaker 3: Have a little bit of a timing.
• 10:37
  Speaker 2: Yes, sometimes I'm trying to work.
• 10:42
  Speaker 3: We'll make it work, buddy.
• 10:44
  Speaker 2: Thank you. So the third, the third part of the
• 10:47
  Speaker 2: story is one of hope. And that's this is my
• 10:50
  Speaker 2: favorite part of it. Is there is I guess people
• 10:56
  Speaker 2: are just generally that way. You have your optimists and
• 10:58
  Speaker 2: you have your pessimist. And I tend to be an optimist.
• 11:00
  Speaker 2: That's kind of where I fall. And I'm just chemically
• 11:03
  Speaker 2: or neurologically wired for that as being more optimistic. And
• 11:08
  Speaker 2: that is the hope, not only for us as people,
• 11:12
  Speaker 2: but for humanity and beyond. And so I take this
• 11:15
  Speaker 2: story and speculate one day we might be the little
• 11:22
  Speaker 2: green men. We may have to launch ourselves now now,
• 11:25
  Speaker 2: people before you sign up. This is the one way trip.
• 11:30
  Speaker 2: It's too big. There's no roundway. One way. I mean,
• 11:33
  Speaker 2: there's no round trips. It's one way. But I'm not
• 11:37
  Speaker 2: the first time to come up with this, because others
• 11:41
  Speaker 2: have suggested that in order for us to reach out,
• 11:46
  Speaker 2: because the distances are too great, our travel is too slow,
• 11:51
  Speaker 2: it will be multi generational necessarily, and at some point
• 11:56
  Speaker 2: we may launch different probes that go in different directions
• 12:01
  Speaker 2: that don't necessarily have people, but carry that message, the
• 12:04
  Speaker 2: message of hope, the message of consciousness, the message of knowledge.
• 12:07
  Speaker 2: That's what we know. We have that right now, and
• 12:11
  Speaker 2: that's what makes us special.
• 12:14
  Speaker 3: Yeah, so like that? Oh go ahead, No, I like that.
• 12:18
  Speaker 3: I like that concept that you're looking at humanity through
• 12:20
  Speaker 3: the lens of hope, consciousness, hopefully love is in there
• 12:25
  Speaker 3: somewhere as well. The ability to project into your future
• 12:30
  Speaker 3: and future generations and wanting things to be better for everybody.
• 12:35
  Speaker 3: I hope that's a really great message of hope. I
• 12:38
  Speaker 3: like that.
• 12:39
  Speaker 2: Yeah, Tom, I think going back to the Fermi paradox,
• 12:45
  Speaker 2: we all have that paradox ourselves and people did long
• 12:48
  Speaker 2: before Fermi kind of got his name assigned to it.
• 12:52
  Speaker 2: Everyone is probably as far back as we can imagine,
• 12:56
  Speaker 2: have looked at the heavens and wondered what else is
• 12:59
  Speaker 2: out there? Are there other people?
• 13:01
  Speaker 3: Are there?
• 13:02
  Speaker 2: You know, intelligent beings out there? And so it's through
• 13:07
  Speaker 2: all of history mankind maybe been more of a philosophical
• 13:11
  Speaker 2: or religious issue rather than scientific. And so my approach
• 13:16
  Speaker 2: has been, let's just nail this down. What are the chances,
• 13:20
  Speaker 2: what does it take to be an advanced civilization? And
• 13:23
  Speaker 2: a couple of pretty surprising things have to happen in
• 13:26
  Speaker 2: order to create a advanced civilization. And I propose that
• 13:32
  Speaker 2: not only are we intelligent people, then that doesn't mean wise, right,
• 13:38
  Speaker 2: those are two different things. We're intelligent, that we may
• 13:41
  Speaker 2: not always be wise. So the key is to understand
• 13:48
  Speaker 2: that we are intelligent, and that's evolved itself. That didn't
• 13:52
  Speaker 2: just happen. Planets don't come pre formed with little green
• 13:57
  Speaker 2: men at all all. And the interesting thing about when
• 14:03
  Speaker 2: Fermi introduced or had that off handed statement, whereas everybody
• 14:08
  Speaker 2: seventy years ago we didn't know nearly as much about
• 14:13
  Speaker 2: our universe, our own solar system, our galaxy seventy years
• 14:17
  Speaker 2: ago than we did today, isn't it interesting that and
• 14:22
  Speaker 2: I'll talk about Frank Drake in a few minutes. Even
• 14:23
  Speaker 2: when Frank Drake wrote his more formalized equation of that
• 14:28
  Speaker 2: in nineteen sixty four, we still hadn't actually observed a
• 14:31
  Speaker 2: planet outside of our own solar system. We speculated that
• 14:36
  Speaker 2: they must be there, and over the many decades since then,
• 14:40
  Speaker 2: we've understand planetary formation a lot better. Right now, and
• 14:45
  Speaker 2: I think about fifteen, maybe twenty years ago thereabouts in
• 14:48
  Speaker 2: the two thousands is the first actually eyes on Okay,
• 14:52
  Speaker 2: those are planets. Now we actually see planets, and.
• 14:56
  Speaker 4: So they're not actually seeing the planets, they're seeing the
• 15:00
  Speaker 4: gravitational pull of it as it orbits the star and
• 15:03
  Speaker 4: the wabble of the star itself, if that's if that's
• 15:06
  Speaker 4: understood correct.
• 15:07
  Speaker 2: Yeah, that's that's right, that's part of it. But some
• 15:10
  Speaker 2: of the space based telescopes have gotten so good that
• 15:12
  Speaker 2: we actually can see them now. Yeah.
• 15:16
  Speaker 3: The problem is that you're referring to twenty years ago.
• 15:20
  Speaker 2: Yeah, back then, sure, pardon me, oh, I pardon me.
• 15:24
  Speaker 3: Yeah.
• 15:24
  Speaker 2: Even before that, so certainly sixty and sixty and seventy
• 15:27
  Speaker 2: years ago, we did not have the ability to use
• 15:32
  Speaker 2: the telescopes that we have today. So you're right. So
• 15:35
  Speaker 2: it was theorized that based on their behaviors the gravitational alignment,
• 15:41
  Speaker 2: that there must be planets. So now that's been completely
• 15:46
  Speaker 2: confirmed and we're getting more and more planets I think
• 15:50
  Speaker 2: like fifteen hundred to two thousand that we've actually observed,
• 15:54
  Speaker 2: which is quite a few, so that is growing larger
• 15:59
  Speaker 2: and large. So that really helps the idea that, yeah,
• 16:05
  Speaker 2: there are other planets. And I mentioned it earlier and
• 16:09
  Speaker 2: I'll go ahead and talk about it now, so I'll
• 16:10
  Speaker 2: get into how this all sort of unfolds. So everyone's
• 16:15
  Speaker 2: familiar with SETI right, the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence that
• 16:21
  Speaker 2: was actually founded and Frank Drake was part of that
• 16:23
  Speaker 2: group that they wanted to create some sort of mathematical
• 16:28
  Speaker 2: formula or framework. Is there a way that we can
• 16:32
  Speaker 2: come up with a number, So they have the number
• 16:34
  Speaker 2: of habitable planets or where life emerges, and they have
• 16:38
  Speaker 2: a bunch of these other factors, how often stars or
• 16:42
  Speaker 2: how often this is focused on the Milky Way galaxy.
• 16:48
  Speaker 2: And we know now this is the human brain simply
• 16:52
  Speaker 2: isn't equipped to understand the passage of time in the
• 16:57
  Speaker 2: hundreds of millions and billions of years, it's not equipped
• 17:01
  Speaker 2: to understand these distances, and it's not equipped to understand
• 17:06
  Speaker 2: these numbers. They're so mind boggling. But the most current
• 17:11
  Speaker 2: estimates is that there's about four hundred billion stars in
• 17:17
  Speaker 2: the Milky Way galaxy, our own galaxy, and it's one
• 17:20
  Speaker 2: hundred thousand light years away. And most people understand the
• 17:24
  Speaker 2: light year is the distance that takes for light to
• 17:29
  Speaker 2: travel through the vacuum of space, So our four hundred
• 17:33
  Speaker 2: billion planets, and it is kind of disk like our
• 17:37
  Speaker 2: Milky Way, so as it's portrayed, it's pretty accurate. It's
• 17:43
  Speaker 2: sort of disclike, and from edge to edge it's about
• 17:47
  Speaker 2: one hundred thousand light years and there's there's four hundred
• 17:50
  Speaker 2: billion stars, each with some number of planets. Ours has eight.
• 17:55
  Speaker 2: Poor Pluto got demoted.
• 17:57
  Speaker 3: Right, yeah, to do.
• 18:01
  Speaker 2: For it.
• 18:02
  Speaker 3: Actually it actually doesn't have it, got it got demoted
• 18:06
  Speaker 3: from planet status to promote it to the largest member
• 18:10
  Speaker 3: of the Kyper Belt. But you know whatever, it's semantic.
• 18:12
  Speaker 2: Yeah, exactly. People still people still fighting for.
• 18:17
  Speaker 3: I'm with them, Well, it's on a different plane. But also,
• 18:20
  Speaker 3: like to kind of add on to what you're talking about,
• 18:22
  Speaker 3: is that not only is it you know a hundred
• 18:24
  Speaker 3: was it? What you say? One hundred thousand light years across?
• 18:27
  Speaker 3: And that's how And you know, I can't remember the
• 18:29
  Speaker 3: number of the billions of stars. But we have observed
• 18:32
  Speaker 3: that there is more galaxies in the universe than there
• 18:35
  Speaker 3: is grains of sand on all the beaches of Earth.
• 18:38
  Speaker 3: So like that, then your minding goes even further to
• 18:41
  Speaker 3: the all right, what is what is this?
• 18:46
  Speaker 2: Yeah, try to wrap your hand around that. Anyone's been
• 18:48
  Speaker 2: to any beach, all the beaches. There are more planets
• 18:52
  Speaker 2: than there are grains. That's that's the number that we see.
• 18:55
  Speaker 2: We can't handle that. And so the the the thinking
• 19:01
  Speaker 2: that there must be something out there is totally natural,
• 19:05
  Speaker 2: and I think it's completely correct. There is life out there.
• 19:08
  Speaker 2: There's almost no theres zero question about it. But I
• 19:12
  Speaker 2: will get in a little bit more detail about the
• 19:14
  Speaker 2: particular constraints of what it takes to be advanced technologically
• 19:18
  Speaker 2: and how you get there. People are going to be
• 19:20
  Speaker 2: surprised by this. I can't wait to kind of as
• 19:22
  Speaker 2: this unfolds, so.
• 19:25
  Speaker 3: Needles myself, buddy.
• 19:27
  Speaker 2: So in nineteen sixty sixty four, Frank Drake and his
• 19:30
  Speaker 2: team started SETI and he came up with a way
• 19:33
  Speaker 2: to a framework to sort of formalize that. And interestingly,
• 19:37
  Speaker 2: I've just written it's in the editor's hands right now,
• 19:41
  Speaker 2: a companion book of where the Little Green Man is
• 19:44
  Speaker 2: called Earth the Goldilocks planet, because everyone's heard that term before,
• 19:50
  Speaker 2: the Goldilocks planet, right, or the Goldilocks zone to the
• 19:53
  Speaker 2: habitable zone. You've heard those there, right.
• 19:55
  Speaker 3: Tom, Absolutely absolutely, it's the area between where I think
• 20:02
  Speaker 3: water can evaporate and where it would freeze. So I
• 20:06
  Speaker 3: believe the Goldilocks zone kind of is right outside of
• 20:09
  Speaker 3: in our solar system, outside of Venus, right outside of that,
• 20:12
  Speaker 3: and I think Mars is still within it, but barely
• 20:15
  Speaker 3: within it if I remember correctly.
• 20:18
  Speaker 2: Yeah, that's exactly right. So it's the not too hot,
• 20:21
  Speaker 2: not too cold zone, and that was sort of sort of.
• 20:27
  Speaker 3: Right.
• 20:30
  Speaker 2: Yeah, so Goldilocks wasn't that wrong? In fact, in my
• 20:34
  Speaker 2: new book coming out, and that's not what I'm talking
• 20:36
  Speaker 2: about today, but it's a companion book, it actually is.
• 20:40
  Speaker 2: It actually formalizes the idea a little bit more, and
• 20:43
  Speaker 2: I'm actually proposing a reframing of the Drake equation based
• 20:48
  Speaker 2: on our information gained over the last sixty years since
• 20:51
  Speaker 2: that was rewritten since it was written, and so so
• 20:55
  Speaker 2: it it really is a companion or extension of the
• 20:58
  Speaker 2: same book. It's just little bit more formal in some
• 21:01
  Speaker 2: of the things, but I've tried to try to write
• 21:04
  Speaker 2: it in a narrative way rather. Who wants to read
• 21:07
  Speaker 2: a high school or college textbook, right? You want something engaging,
• 21:12
  Speaker 2: something that will keep you awake, something that's interesting. And
• 21:15
  Speaker 2: I hope that I've delivered that in my book. And
• 21:19
  Speaker 2: I think the book reads very much like I'm saying.
• 21:21
  Speaker 2: It's not full of formula. It's not what people want
• 21:24
  Speaker 2: because it's an amazing story. There's no brand new science
• 21:26
  Speaker 2: in it. But Tom, I can't believe in seventy years
• 21:30
  Speaker 2: and I've done a lot of this and I've used
• 21:32
  Speaker 2: and anyone can use it, I want to know myself.
• 21:35
  Speaker 2: I've given my book to at least a dozen AI machines,
• 21:40
  Speaker 2: and all of them said the same thing, that this
• 21:42
  Speaker 2: thought is original, that no even I went to London
• 21:49
  Speaker 2: in January to hear Brian Cox, Are you come here
• 21:53
  Speaker 2: with that name?
• 21:55
  Speaker 3: I am? I believe he is somewhere's way up there
• 21:58
  Speaker 3: in the theoretical physics physicist the area. If I remember right,
• 22:02
  Speaker 3: I think he also authored a lot of books, and yeah,
• 22:05
  Speaker 3: I know a little bit about him theory maybe may maybe.
• 22:07
  Speaker 3: I don't know if that's him or not. I can't
• 22:08
  Speaker 3: remember exactly.
• 22:10
  Speaker 2: So you're thinking, Brian Green, he's the string theory guy,
• 22:12
  Speaker 2: Brian Green.
• 22:13
  Speaker 3: Okay, I used to be a big fan of these
• 22:17
  Speaker 3: this things. This is my My knowledge of this kind
• 22:20
  Speaker 3: of went away. I used to read it when I
• 22:22
  Speaker 3: used to go windsurfing in the Netherlands and things that.
• 22:25
  Speaker 3: I used to live in Europe for two decades. So yeah, yeah,
• 22:29
  Speaker 3: I've been in Mexico now, man ive been. I've been
• 22:32
  Speaker 3: around the world. I got a book in the making too.
• 22:35
  Speaker 3: I have a working title. It's going to be called
• 22:36
  Speaker 3: The Religion of the Heart and things. It's just I woke,
• 22:42
  Speaker 3: you know how, like a lot of ideas come to
• 22:43
  Speaker 3: you when you're halfway between the dream world and the world.
• 22:47
  Speaker 3: That's where most of my jokes come from. That's where
• 22:49
  Speaker 3: most of my music comes from, and that's where the
• 22:52
  Speaker 3: title of the book came from. But yeah, I used
• 22:53
  Speaker 3: to sit there on the on the beach waiting for
• 22:55
  Speaker 3: wind to come and I would read these kind of books. Yeah,
• 22:59
  Speaker 3: so I'm I think it was on the Joe Rogan
• 23:01
  Speaker 3: podcast if I remember.
• 23:03
  Speaker 2: Oh, he's been there a couple of times, and you
• 23:05
  Speaker 2: know what, this is interesting. Thanks thanks for bringing that up.
• 23:08
  Speaker 2: So the interesting thing is that Brian Cox is a
• 23:11
  Speaker 2: particle physicist, so he is in some ways he contributes
• 23:16
  Speaker 2: to or is very familiar and has been too cern
• 23:19
  Speaker 2: the large Hadron Clider, which is probably the largest, most
• 23:25
  Speaker 2: sophisticated experiment man has ever created.
• 23:29
  Speaker 3: In that's saying it probably the most definitely? Is it
• 23:31
  Speaker 3: most definitely? Is?
• 23:33
  Speaker 2: Do you know the detectors are so amazing. In fact,
• 23:43
  Speaker 2: they're getting new ones. It's undergoing a four year, four
• 23:47
  Speaker 2: year upgrade, so it's going to be silent for four
• 23:50
  Speaker 2: years and they're putting in new detectors. Because the way
• 23:56
  Speaker 2: this works is protons are circulating around like seventeen kilometer
• 24:01
  Speaker 2: circle in opposite directions, and they clide into each other
• 24:04
  Speaker 2: and all this stuff. What we're doing with this is
• 24:09
  Speaker 2: when these protons collide, it creates all of these other
• 24:14
  Speaker 2: exotic particles and quirks are the supposed fundamental particle of
• 24:23
  Speaker 2: protons and neutrons, the electrons on the outside and the
• 24:27
  Speaker 2: protons and neutrons. So we've known about protons and dutrons
• 24:30
  Speaker 2: for about one hundred twenty one hundred and thirty years, maybe
• 24:32
  Speaker 2: hundred and twenty years, but you know when you have.
• 24:37
  Speaker 3: It's also where they theorized, theorized the uh what they
• 24:40
  Speaker 3: called it, I'm sorry. Were they theorized as it was
• 24:44
  Speaker 3: called the god particle or the big Higgs Boson particle
• 24:48
  Speaker 3: was theized and they were able to actually then actually
• 24:51
  Speaker 3: see it. I believe that was in twenty twelve full
• 24:54
  Speaker 3: and I lived. I was living in Europe. It was
• 24:58
  Speaker 3: really interesting. You can live in Europe and I have
• 25:01
  Speaker 3: a lot of my students. I'm a I'm an English
• 25:03
  Speaker 3: tutor as well, and uh so i have German students
• 25:06
  Speaker 3: because I speak German. Uh So I'm talking to them
• 25:09
  Speaker 3: and I'm like, hey, let's talk about the uh let's
• 25:10
  Speaker 3: talk about the collider down there. He's like what and
• 25:12
  Speaker 3: they don't even know what it is. I'm like, it's
• 25:14
  Speaker 3: you don't know what it was? Probably past it.
• 25:23
  Speaker 2: Well, it's so big you had, yeah, you have to
• 25:27
  Speaker 2: go buy it, around it or to throw it or
• 25:28
  Speaker 2: not under it, but over it. Whatever. So that's exactly
• 25:32
  Speaker 2: about the Higgs Boson. Higgs and his group No One
• 25:36
  Speaker 2: knows the rest of them. It has his name, but
• 25:39
  Speaker 2: he was not alone. He actually theorized the Higgs field
• 25:44
  Speaker 2: because the universe is full of fields. They're invisible fields
• 25:47
  Speaker 2: that permeate the entire universe, and everything interacts with those,
• 25:53
  Speaker 2: and each has its own particular way, and so he
• 25:58
  Speaker 2: he theorized the Higgs field, and therefore there must be
• 26:02
  Speaker 2: a Higgs particle. Again, fifty some years before it was discovered.
• 26:06
  Speaker 2: They actually captured, as you said, correctly said, they captured
• 26:10
  Speaker 2: the particle in twenty twelve, but it was five or
• 26:14
  Speaker 2: six years before scientists agreed, Okay, that's that, really, is it.
• 26:18
  Speaker 2: It took them that long. They wanted to be careful
• 26:20
  Speaker 2: with this, and so it was about twenty seventeen exactly.
• 26:25
  Speaker 2: It's like twenty seventeen, it's like, okay, and he fortun's
• 26:28
  Speaker 2: still alive that he was like then, I'm not sure
• 26:30
  Speaker 2: if he still is to finally fifty some years later
• 26:36
  Speaker 2: to find out that, yeah, and so that particle is
• 26:39
  Speaker 2: what imparts mass to other particles, because if a particle
• 26:44
  Speaker 2: interacts with the Higgs field, then by definition they have
• 26:50
  Speaker 2: mass and can never travel the speed of light. Photons
• 26:54
  Speaker 2: do not interact with the Higgs field. Therefore they must
• 26:58
  Speaker 2: travel the speed of light. There's no choice. So that's
• 27:02
  Speaker 2: where those case, so that it is kind of the
• 27:04
  Speaker 2: god particle. So if you interact with Higgs, you necessarily
• 27:09
  Speaker 2: have mass and therefore can never travel the speed of light.
• 27:13
  Speaker 2: That's where that comes from.
• 27:14
  Speaker 3: Photons are so interesting. Photons are so interesting because they
• 27:17
  Speaker 3: they act like a wave as well as particles. It's
• 27:21
  Speaker 3: it's a very you know, with the the double slid
• 27:23
  Speaker 3: experiments and all and all those things, you're just like,
• 27:26
  Speaker 3: these are they They they're very rare. They're they're like
• 27:31
  Speaker 3: right between Newtonian physics and like particle physics, and people
• 27:34
  Speaker 3: are trying to then put those together and make it theory,
• 27:38
  Speaker 3: and it's having a very difficult time with that, right.
• 27:41
  Speaker 2: Yeah, because it's interesting in every day for the I'm
• 27:46
  Speaker 2: sure most of the religious know this. Photons are are light,
• 27:50
  Speaker 2: but they're not just light. They are in the entire
• 27:53
  Speaker 2: spectrum of electromagnetic radiation. So on the on the least
• 27:58
  Speaker 2: lowest energy you have ready waves and the very highest
• 28:01
  Speaker 2: you have your cosmic rays, and the visible light is
• 28:04
  Speaker 2: somewhere kind of in the middle. But oh that's all photons.
• 28:07
  Speaker 2: So a radio wave is a photon. It is the
• 28:10
  Speaker 2: force carrier of electromagnetic radiation. And so you're exactly right.
• 28:17
  Speaker 2: It's not it's not a particle because it doesn't have mass,
• 28:23
  Speaker 2: but it behaves like a particle and a wave. And
• 28:27
  Speaker 2: here's the thing that just okay, I don't get this either.
• 28:31
  Speaker 2: What you see is based on you looking at it.
• 28:34
  Speaker 2: That's what's so weird. If you don't look at it,
• 28:37
  Speaker 2: it behaves the other way. Yeah, yeah, yeah, exactly. And
• 28:43
  Speaker 2: so the quantum nature, quantum just means it's packet, it's
• 28:48
  Speaker 2: a size, it's an energy packet. That's what a quantum is.
• 28:51
  Speaker 2: The energy. Energy travels and packets.
• 28:55
  Speaker 3: So balancing things off of you you were able to
• 28:59
  Speaker 3: give me answers. I mean, I'm not really, I'm not
• 29:02
  Speaker 3: trying to test you or anything. I'm just like, I
• 29:04
  Speaker 3: haven't had no discussion yet on the podcast. So for me,
• 29:07
  Speaker 3: it's just interesting and I'm enjoying it continuous.
• 29:12
  Speaker 2: Awesome. Thank you. So I went and saw Brian Cox
• 29:15
  Speaker 2: in January. I flew from Lake Tahoe to London. I'd
• 29:19
  Speaker 2: never been there before. If you were in Europe, you've
• 29:21
  Speaker 2: been there, Okay, okay. I loved it Fortunately for me.
• 29:28
  Speaker 2: You you speak German maybe another language. I barely know one,
• 29:35
  Speaker 2: so they speak they speak my language there. Anyway, I
• 29:41
  Speaker 2: went to see Brian Cox, who is, among other things
• 29:45
  Speaker 2: besides being a particle physicist, and he works some that
• 29:51
  Speaker 2: the college I don't remember. It's near London. So anyway,
• 29:55
  Speaker 2: he talked on his show and I went there to
• 29:58
  Speaker 2: hear this. Entire second half of his show was about
• 30:02
  Speaker 2: the firming paradox, and he never talked about energy. So
• 30:07
  Speaker 2: the highest minds have kind of overlooked this small but
• 30:13
  Speaker 2: important detail, which I believe is one of the most
• 30:15
  Speaker 2: critical details that will determine if advanced civilization or even
• 30:21
  Speaker 2: intelligent life can ever occur on any planet. So that's
• 30:26
  Speaker 2: why I'm I believe that my idea is in its
• 30:29
  Speaker 2: own space right now. And I'm a scientist. I'm not
• 30:35
  Speaker 2: a mad scientist in laboratory with test tubes and boiling
• 30:38
  Speaker 2: water and color solutions and stuff. But I am a
• 30:41
  Speaker 2: scientist and that's how I've been trained, and that's how
• 30:43
  Speaker 2: I think in dentistry is based in science. And so
• 30:46
  Speaker 2: I've collected at all of these thoughts of energy and
• 30:48
  Speaker 2: all this for many decades, and the book came to
• 30:52
  Speaker 2: me at one time, and people have asked me. I mean,
• 30:54
  Speaker 2: I'm a radiologist, I'm an ironman triathlete, I'm a wakeboarder,
• 30:58
  Speaker 2: I'm a snowboarder, I'm a paddle border. I lived the
• 31:02
  Speaker 2: multi lives.
• 31:06
  Speaker 3: Yes, cross country ski, let's go. And a painter and
• 31:12
  Speaker 3: a comedian and a musician. Let's go, buddy, let's go.
• 31:16
  Speaker 2: This is what you have, this is what you have,
• 31:17
  Speaker 2: and I don't. I don't have a creative bone in
• 31:20
  Speaker 2: my body, right, so I lack. I lacked those things. Yeah,
• 31:27
  Speaker 2: well again this this it's not new science, but I
• 31:30
  Speaker 2: have synthesized an idea that people have kind of danced
• 31:33
  Speaker 2: around and never put it together. In this idea, that's
• 31:36
  Speaker 2: what makes my book different. In my approach to FIRMI
• 31:40
  Speaker 2: different than anybody else's. So our planet, we know how
• 31:46
  Speaker 2: planets are formed. As I mentioned earlier, they don't come
• 31:50
  Speaker 2: performed with little green men, or for that matter, any
• 31:53
  Speaker 2: life at all. They're an accumulation of exploded stars. When
• 32:00
  Speaker 2: you hear that we're made of stardust, this is to me,
• 32:03
  Speaker 2: this is freaky we are. We're made of stardust, all
• 32:07
  Speaker 2: all of those products, and this is amazing thing. You
• 32:11
  Speaker 2: look at the Sun and you might imagine that there
• 32:14
  Speaker 2: are little men in there putting coal into a furnace.
• 32:17
  Speaker 2: Nothing's burning on the Sun. That's fusion. Yeah, isn't that amazing?
• 32:23
  Speaker 2: That's fusion.
• 32:24
  Speaker 3: Yeah.
• 32:25
  Speaker 1: Yeah.
• 32:25
  Speaker 3: The the we are a carbon based life form, and
• 32:29
  Speaker 3: carbon atoms are created under They have to be created
• 32:32
  Speaker 3: on an extreme gravity, which is basically the first generation
• 32:35
  Speaker 3: of stars. So the first you know, helium and hydrogen,
• 32:39
  Speaker 3: they turn to helium and those stars exploded fast within
• 32:42
  Speaker 3: the time of the universe, creating the second third generation
• 32:46
  Speaker 3: of stars, which gave birth to these newer stars that
• 32:49
  Speaker 3: then can create I think, as far as i'm you
• 32:52
  Speaker 3: probably know better than me, Like you know, carbon based
• 32:55
  Speaker 3: life forms which enable us to actually have you know,
• 32:58
  Speaker 3: life here that star.
• 33:02
  Speaker 2: That's beautifully said, that's exactly why if if I, if
• 33:06
  Speaker 2: I can, let's come back to carbon based life form.
• 33:09
  Speaker 2: I love this people. When we go to another way,
• 33:14
  Speaker 2: I won't be there, darn it. But when humanity reaches
• 33:19
  Speaker 2: out or someone comes to us, two things, Okay, I
• 33:24
  Speaker 2: can assure you this and I'll tell you how this
• 33:27
  Speaker 2: is not a wild guess. They're going to be carbon
• 33:29
  Speaker 2: based and they'll be like us. Those two things almost sure. Okay,
• 33:37
  Speaker 2: they won't be exactly like this, but almost definitely they're
• 33:41
  Speaker 2: going to be carbon based. And not because God likes
• 33:45
  Speaker 2: carbon better than the other one. There are reasons each element, yeah, carbon,
• 33:54
  Speaker 2: Each element has its own properties, right they do. Carbon
• 34:00
  Speaker 2: is the molecule of life. It is the backbone of life,
• 34:04
  Speaker 2: not only here, but it will be elsewhere. And I'll
• 34:07
  Speaker 2: come back to that. So you're already right. We're made
• 34:09
  Speaker 2: of stardust, which is which is awesome. We're made of
• 34:14
  Speaker 2: was born in the furnace of stars billions of years ago.
• 34:19
  Speaker 2: They explode. But here's the thing. Up until iron, all
• 34:24
  Speaker 2: of that is created in the just the right type
• 34:27
  Speaker 2: of star. Our sun will not fuse to iron. Okay,
• 34:34
  Speaker 2: it's going to it's going to expand and change, but
• 34:37
  Speaker 2: it doesn't have the size, the gravitational size to fuse
• 34:40
  Speaker 2: the larger elements. But in the biggest stars, iron is
• 34:45
  Speaker 2: as far as you can go and still get energy.
• 34:48
  Speaker 2: That's the key. So what's happening, You're exactly right. Hydrogen
• 34:53
  Speaker 2: is being squeezed together so tight it makes it makes helium.
• 34:56
  Speaker 2: Three heliums make a carbon. Basically, that's where we get carbon,
• 35:02
  Speaker 2: and so you have to have the hydrogen fuse into helium,
• 35:07
  Speaker 2: and then eventually the helium will fuse into other elements,
• 35:11
  Speaker 2: but three of them will fuse in to make carbon,
• 35:14
  Speaker 2: and the other elements oxygen, nitrogen, so all the way
• 35:18
  Speaker 2: up until iron. Now here's the thing. The heavier elements
• 35:23
  Speaker 2: are formed when a star goes nova because it reaches
• 35:28
  Speaker 2: so much energy that now you can overcome those forces
• 35:34
  Speaker 2: required to squeeze two different elements together to make another
• 35:38
  Speaker 2: new one, which is amazing, and they explode out to
• 35:41
  Speaker 2: the universe. And then get this, It takes colliding neutron
• 35:48
  Speaker 2: stars to create the very heaviest elements like gold, uranium,
• 35:53
  Speaker 2: et cetera. Isn't that amazing? So you're exactly right, you
• 35:57
  Speaker 2: don't get gold.
• 35:58
  Speaker 3: If that makes sense. I don't. Yeah, I never studied.
• 36:03
  Speaker 3: I never went to chemistry class. I was always in
• 36:05
  Speaker 3: Earth sciences and things like that because it's just I
• 36:08
  Speaker 3: didn't need it, but I I developed interests for it later.
• 36:12
  Speaker 3: And you know, I love, you know, supermassive supermassive black holes,
• 36:16
  Speaker 3: and I also nothing escapes of black holes. And then
• 36:19
  Speaker 3: and then all of a sudden, there's hawking radiation you're like, yeah,
• 36:24
  Speaker 3: there's there's Yeah, these are things that I've learned on
• 36:27
  Speaker 3: my own, you know what I mean school that.
• 36:29
  Speaker 2: Yeah, yeah, And that's exactly right, that even a black
• 36:32
  Speaker 2: hole will eventually evaporate. The timescales are unimaginable. I mean,
• 36:37
  Speaker 2: we can't even barely hand. We can't even imagine hundreds
• 36:40
  Speaker 2: of millions of the years, let alone get this trillions
• 36:44
  Speaker 2: of trillions of years, which is how long it takes
• 36:47
  Speaker 2: for a black hole to evaporate everything. Ter wins, you
• 36:51
  Speaker 2: have a.
• 36:52
  Speaker 3: Hard time remembering yesterday, my friend.
• 36:57
  Speaker 2: Both of the both of them.
• 36:59
  Speaker 3: Yeah, I can't. I can postulate out maybe a year,
• 37:03
  Speaker 3: but that's about.
• 37:03
  Speaker 2: It, man, Yeah, exactly right. I'm going to say a
• 37:07
  Speaker 2: couple of things right here that I think are really
• 37:09
  Speaker 2: important because they're kind of converging on a point that
• 37:13
  Speaker 2: each will need to be spoken about a little bit separately.
• 37:17
  Speaker 2: Two things have to happen, two very very improbable events
• 37:22
  Speaker 2: have to happen to have intelligence and energy, that's the key.
• 37:30
  Speaker 2: And they have to happen more or less simultaneously. Both improbable.
• 37:35
  Speaker 2: So you already know how difficult it is that anyone
• 37:37
  Speaker 2: who's played the Super Lotto or whatever I don't know
• 37:39
  Speaker 2: the numbers, whether they're hundreds of millions or ten, I
• 37:42
  Speaker 2: don't know what the odds are, but any large number
• 37:46
  Speaker 2: can get reduced. And so if you take and pick
• 37:51
  Speaker 2: a winning super lotto ticket right, and you win again
• 37:56
  Speaker 2: the next week, and then again the next week, and
• 37:59
  Speaker 2: then again the next week, ten or twenty times, the
• 38:02
  Speaker 2: chances of that happen, it gets very very small, very quickly. Well,
• 38:08
  Speaker 2: the same thing is true with what's happening in our planet.
• 38:12
  Speaker 2: There is a bit of a known probability of some
• 38:15
  Speaker 2: of these things, and that's where the Frank Drake equation
• 38:17
  Speaker 2: can be slightly modified. We have a better idea. Here's
• 38:21
  Speaker 2: a good example. You hear about the habitable zone, right, Yes,
• 38:27
  Speaker 2: seventy five percent of the planets will never host complex
• 38:31
  Speaker 2: life right there. Three quarters of them at least will
• 38:36
  Speaker 2: never You know why. They don't have the right energy flux.
• 38:40
  Speaker 2: If you don't have photosynthesis. Some of you might have
• 38:43
  Speaker 2: been thinking this already. If you don't have photosynthesis, you'll
• 38:47
  Speaker 2: never have complex life, you'll never have complex multi cellular life,
• 38:50
  Speaker 2: and you'll never have advanced civilization without photosynthesis, never or
• 38:56
  Speaker 2: an analog or some analog. So you have to have
• 39:02
  Speaker 2: that that eventually leads to coal, oil and gas. You
• 39:07
  Speaker 2: have to have that. If you don't have a readily
• 39:11
  Speaker 2: accessible source of energy your civilization, well, I can prove it.
• 39:17
  Speaker 2: We already had all of the civilizations before coil and gas.
• 39:21
  Speaker 2: We had those already. That was our own experiment on
• 39:24
  Speaker 2: planet Earth. Many of them just disappeared. Now there's a
• 39:27
  Speaker 2: lot of postulation why that happened, but there is an
• 39:31
  Speaker 2: absolute firm ceiling, hard ceiling on how big a civilization
• 39:35
  Speaker 2: can get. So you have to have that, and you
• 39:39
  Speaker 2: also have to have the evolution of intelligence. Those two
• 39:44
  Speaker 2: things have to come together to create something like us.
• 39:51
  Speaker 2: So the chances of those two things happening on any
• 39:55
  Speaker 2: planet is vastly small. But again, there's a lot of
• 39:58
  Speaker 2: planets out there. Get this kind of teases out a
• 40:02
  Speaker 2: little bit each of them. So the habitable zone seventy
• 40:06
  Speaker 2: percent of the planets, a parton of the suns, may
• 40:10
  Speaker 2: host a type of life, but no more than simple life.
• 40:14
  Speaker 2: And that's that's important. I want to know that too.
• 40:16
  Speaker 2: We all want to know that. In fact, we're going
• 40:19
  Speaker 2: to Mars as part of one of the things that
• 40:23
  Speaker 2: we're trying to accomplish is to find out if there
• 40:26
  Speaker 2: actually was life on Mars. You know, early on that
• 40:30
  Speaker 2: would be remarkable. Are you familiar Tom that that even
• 40:35
  Speaker 2: on Mars and on comets or asteroids and even meteorites
• 40:40
  Speaker 2: who have landed on Earth, there's organic molecules in them.
• 40:45
  Speaker 3: Yes, yes, of course.
• 40:47
  Speaker 2: So that suggests that the molecules of life are throughout
• 40:52
  Speaker 2: the universe, and those molecules, under certain situations can become
• 40:59
  Speaker 2: more and more complex. Now I went back, I don't
• 41:02
  Speaker 2: want to teach at high school chmistry class. I love it,
• 41:04
  Speaker 2: though I would be a good high school chemistry teacher.
• 41:06
  Speaker 2: I think I love it. Nothing, not even a handshake.
• 41:12
  Speaker 2: Nothing happens without the exchange of energy, no energy, no
• 41:15
  Speaker 2: complex molecules. Planet simply it does not happen. And the
• 41:20
  Speaker 2: speculation is in you and your audience have probably heard this,
• 41:25
  Speaker 2: that life began on our planet in water. That's the medium.
• 41:32
  Speaker 2: So that's why you have to have liquid water. So
• 41:34
  Speaker 2: you have compounds kind of bumping into each other, and
• 41:37
  Speaker 2: when you add some sort of energy, then new bonds
• 41:42
  Speaker 2: get formed and you can create more and more complex molecules.
• 41:47
  Speaker 2: And it's theorized that maybe the energy came from lightning
• 41:51
  Speaker 2: strikes right because there's energy there. For sure, we have
• 41:56
  Speaker 2: zero capacity people, I'm sorry. There's a lot of lightning
• 41:59
  Speaker 2: out there. We don't capture it. Yeah, and be nice,
• 42:04
  Speaker 2: all right, we don't capture It's a vast amount of energy.
• 42:07
  Speaker 2: There's zero way for us to capture and utilize. But
• 42:11
  Speaker 2: small molecules can. But I think the more widely accepted idea,
• 42:16
  Speaker 2: and it may have been both, that life began in
• 42:20
  Speaker 2: the hydro events down in the ocean. There was warmth
• 42:25
  Speaker 2: there right there you go, So he woke up from
• 42:31
  Speaker 2: his neck. He has a rough life. So one of
• 42:36
  Speaker 2: the ideas is that they have hydrogen sulfide H twos
• 42:41
  Speaker 2: and warmth coming percolating out of these vents deep in
• 42:44
  Speaker 2: the ocean, and that allowed the opportunity or created the
• 42:49
  Speaker 2: environment for simple molecules to bind together and make more
• 42:53
  Speaker 2: complex ones. Going back to something I said earlier, we
• 42:57
  Speaker 2: have zero capacity for understanding four billion years. This is incremental.
• 43:04
  Speaker 2: This is how evolution works incrementally. Evolution doesn't start and
• 43:08
  Speaker 2: says I want to be growing up. I want to
• 43:10
  Speaker 2: when I grew up, I want to be a human.
• 43:13
  Speaker 2: It's not how it works. Flight, vision, hands, all of
• 43:19
  Speaker 2: these things intelligence, there's no goal for evolution to reach those.
• 43:25
  Speaker 2: Evolution has one goal only reproduction. That's it. And it's
• 43:29
  Speaker 2: created all these fascinating ways to ensure that this is weird.
• 43:37
  Speaker 2: The DNA gets duplicated and reproduced. That's something this is
• 43:42
  Speaker 2: all about.
• 43:43
  Speaker 3: I know, I know that this is not that's too
• 43:44
  Speaker 3: freakently it's no, no, no, no, it's not the place to
• 43:47
  Speaker 3: do it, because you know, you're presenting your idea and
• 43:50
  Speaker 3: I'm here to listen to it. But I would love to,
• 43:53
  Speaker 3: you know, you know, maybe in another time or you know,
• 43:56
  Speaker 3: when your second book comes out, to get into where
• 43:59
  Speaker 3: does constrains come from? Yes, you know, is everything? Is
• 44:03
  Speaker 3: everything just material science?
• 44:05
  Speaker 2: And that yes, the idea, but I think we can Yeah,
• 44:10
  Speaker 2: thank you, Yeah, I love that.
• 44:13
  Speaker 3: I love that, like just a just a philosophy a
• 44:17
  Speaker 3: little bit, but the philosophy, because philosophy is basically the
• 44:20
  Speaker 3: precursor to science. But I think there's you know, just
• 44:23
  Speaker 3: like alchemy is a precursor to chemistry. But there's something
• 44:26
  Speaker 3: there that we are looking over as well. We're not
• 44:29
  Speaker 3: looking into, you know, your love for your cat. You
• 44:31
  Speaker 3: see your cat loves you. Laying on your lap is
• 44:34
  Speaker 3: that just a chemical reaction within the mind or is
• 44:37
  Speaker 3: there something or is it just another I don't know
• 44:40
  Speaker 3: about all that.
• 44:41
  Speaker 2: Yeah, thanks for pointing that out. But Tom, you do
• 44:44
  Speaker 2: agree we have consciousness.
• 44:50
  Speaker 3: Oh yeah, it's like agreeing that I have free will.
• 44:54
  Speaker 3: What if I don't want it?
• 44:56
  Speaker 2: Consciousness exists?
• 44:57
  Speaker 3: Okay, of course no, but of course consciousness existed. I
• 45:05
  Speaker 3: believe I have my own way of looking at it.
• 45:07
  Speaker 3: That's we can. I don't want to go down that
• 45:08
  Speaker 3: rabbit hole. But yeah, of course if you're just for
• 45:11
  Speaker 3: the for the limitations of this, you know, presenting what
• 45:16
  Speaker 3: you're presenting, your your your book here.
• 45:18
  Speaker 2: Yeah, of course, so we that's why we need we
• 45:22
  Speaker 2: need to keep it going. We need to send it
• 45:25
  Speaker 2: out there to keep consciousness alive. How and and and
• 45:29
  Speaker 2: however it manifests itself and that that's that's that's a
• 45:32
  Speaker 2: good discussion. So the black evolves incrementally and eventually cells developed.
• 45:42
  Speaker 2: They're very very primitive, and they had primitive RNA, which
• 45:45
  Speaker 2: is what the original genetic material is presumed to be,
• 45:48
  Speaker 2: and then DNA was created. Again. I don't want to
• 45:50
  Speaker 2: get into be a high school biology and chemistry teacher,
• 45:53
  Speaker 2: but this happened incrementally, very very slowly, in a long
• 45:57
  Speaker 2: period of time, where you had now actual cells before
• 46:02
  Speaker 2: they were just had membranes that weren't very sophisticated. And
• 46:06
  Speaker 2: then over time the memories got more sophisticated, and then
• 46:10
  Speaker 2: they got organelles inside that were sort of divide up
• 46:13
  Speaker 2: their labor This is for energy, this is for replication,
• 46:18
  Speaker 2: this is for protein synthesis, et cetera. And so the
• 46:21
  Speaker 2: organelles within the cells became more and more complex. And
• 46:23
  Speaker 2: again this plays out over millions of millions of years.
• 46:26
  Speaker 2: And then eventually, because our world is bombarded by a
• 46:33
  Speaker 2: bunch of different photons of different energies, we already know
• 46:38
  Speaker 2: that the high energy ones X rays, right, we're kind
• 46:41
  Speaker 2: of worried about X rays and gamma rays whatever those
• 46:43
  Speaker 2: things are, right, they're high energy waves. Well, the one thing,
• 46:48
  Speaker 2: and you may have heard this, the term of ionizing radiation.
• 46:55
  Speaker 2: Ionizing radiation starts at UV. And again, the energies is spectrum,
• 47:00
  Speaker 2: so it's not just a single wavelength that there's a
• 47:02
  Speaker 2: spectrum beyond U V. Everything beyond that interject energetically is
• 47:09
  Speaker 2: potentially ionizing, which means it's splits, it's plus molecules apart,
• 47:13
  Speaker 2: and so if it's too ionizing, then life can never
• 47:15
  Speaker 2: get started because you form a molecule and you instantly
• 47:17
  Speaker 2: split it apart. And that's the key. It's not a
• 47:20
  Speaker 2: Goldilock's planet, it's a Goldilock sun. It's a Goldilock spot
• 47:23
  Speaker 2: in the galaxy. Those those are so if you're too
• 47:27
  Speaker 2: close to the center in the galaxy in life on form,
• 47:29
  Speaker 2: you're too far out. You don't have all those riches,
• 47:31
  Speaker 2: yummy items you have to have.
• 47:34
  Speaker 3: You also have to have some type of magnetic situation
• 47:37
  Speaker 3: going on with the Van Allen beltz because that is
• 47:39
  Speaker 3: super important. Yeah, your son can't be spot not too many,
• 47:43
  Speaker 3: too many, you know, like solar flares. There's got it.
• 47:45
  Speaker 3: There's a lot of things that have to be perfect.
• 47:47
  Speaker 3: We had this wonderful twenty two and a half degree
• 47:50
  Speaker 3: incline for it's it's a very it's a perfect planet.
• 47:54
  Speaker 3: It's beautiful.
• 47:55
  Speaker 2: Tom. You just wrote my book.
• 48:00
  Speaker 3: But no, just a third one, okay, just put me
• 48:03
  Speaker 3: at the beginning there, you know, just put it the argument.
• 48:07
  Speaker 3: The podcasts at the bottom over're good.
• 48:08
  Speaker 2: But yeah, exactly so, you're exactly right. All of those
• 48:12
  Speaker 2: things add up and they're all critical because the Sun
• 48:15
  Speaker 2: is constantly bombarding us, and so we have this magnetic
• 48:18
  Speaker 2: dynamo going on that creates this electric field. That's where
• 48:22
  Speaker 2: the aurora borealysis come from. So that's that's actual example
• 48:28
  Speaker 2: of these particles trying to come down and ruin molecules.
• 48:32
  Speaker 2: And so what happened is a something freaky happened in
• 48:37
  Speaker 2: a early single cell organism. It developed a pigment a
• 48:45
  Speaker 2: molecule that captured that harmful radiation. Okay, and the molecule
• 48:51
  Speaker 2: got harmed, but it didn't harm the cell. And then
• 48:56
  Speaker 2: they figured out a way. I say that I'm referring
• 48:59
  Speaker 2: to the small unicellular organisms as they Then they figured out,
• 49:04
  Speaker 2: oh there's energy here. We can capture this energy and
• 49:08
  Speaker 2: we can make more molecules with it. In overred maybe
• 49:13
  Speaker 2: one billions of years, photosynthesis occurred. That's the key. Now
• 49:21
  Speaker 2: we're tapping into a brand new source of energy. Planets
• 49:26
  Speaker 2: don't have energy. Now I'm gonna get back to uranium.
• 49:28
  Speaker 2: So you're smart, you're smart. People say, oh, yeah, the
• 49:31
  Speaker 2: good doctor doesn't know what he's talking about, because there's
• 49:33
  Speaker 2: uranium in there. There is uranium, and they're throwing them
• 49:36
  Speaker 2: in there, and those are energetic, and we can and
• 49:40
  Speaker 2: we must use them for our future. We absolutely have
• 49:44
  Speaker 2: to use them. We can't keep burning fossil fuel. We're
• 49:47
  Speaker 2: burning a lot. We can't keep doing it. So you're right,
• 49:50
  Speaker 2: but you can't go from campfire to nuclear reactor. I'm sorry, folks,
• 49:55
  Speaker 2: that doesn't happen. Intelligence is not the limiting factor. It's energy.
• 50:00
  Speaker 2: If you don't have an energetic pathway to get to
• 50:02
  Speaker 2: these other clim up that ladder, you never get there.
• 50:06
  Speaker 2: We're only able to say that because we have that,
• 50:09
  Speaker 2: and so because they're so a wash in it. Fish
• 50:12
  Speaker 2: don't think about the water that they're in, right, we don't.
• 50:16
  Speaker 2: We no longer think about the energy. When you trying
• 50:18
  Speaker 2: to switch you want the light to come on you
• 50:19
  Speaker 2: most people have zero idea where electricity even comes from.
• 50:23
  Speaker 2: It's fine, it's not a criticism of people. We don't
• 50:25
  Speaker 2: have to think about it. When you turn your car on,
• 50:27
  Speaker 2: whether it's a battery or a gas or you don't
• 50:29
  Speaker 2: think about where to come from.
• 50:32
  Speaker 3: Specialize economy. You know, there's a lot of things that
• 50:35
  Speaker 3: we certain things I know that you don't know, and
• 50:37
  Speaker 3: certain things you know I don't know. That's why I
• 50:41
  Speaker 3: wish people would learn that again.
• 50:45
  Speaker 2: So photosynthesis is the key or an analog to complex
• 50:50
  Speaker 2: life anywhere in the universe. Your planet does not have anything.
• 50:55
  Speaker 2: It's barren rock. The soil that we have came from
• 51:00
  Speaker 2: that came from photosynthesis. Photosynthesis terraformed our planet slowly but surely,
• 51:07
  Speaker 2: over hundreds of millions of unimaginable spances of time. It
• 51:11
  Speaker 2: creeped out of the water, it got a little It
• 51:14
  Speaker 2: was not a redwood. People, That's not how it works.
• 51:17
  Speaker 2: We have this vision that all planets have these giant,
• 51:21
  Speaker 2: massive trees that were just used to you look at it. Well,
• 51:23
  Speaker 2: I'm in the forest, so yeah, when I don't see redwoods,
• 51:26
  Speaker 2: but I see a dozen different pines, right, and so
• 51:29
  Speaker 2: we're just used to that. That's not how it started.
• 51:32
  Speaker 2: It started out by something crawling on the rock, and
• 51:34
  Speaker 2: it transformed this rocky planet. It got a hold. Then
• 51:38
  Speaker 2: it was able to use those nutrients. But the key
• 51:41
  Speaker 2: is the flux of the energy from the sun, and
• 51:44
  Speaker 2: photosynthesis happens in a very narrow band. Now I did
• 51:49
  Speaker 2: not think of this as an original thought, but I
• 51:52
  Speaker 2: was thinking that, oh, I got it. Photosynthesis happened. It
• 51:57
  Speaker 2: happens to be four hundred animeters to seven hundred animeters.
• 51:59
  Speaker 2: That's that's our visual light too, and that's not an
• 52:02
  Speaker 2: accident because if it was too high it would harm us. Right,
• 52:06
  Speaker 2: So you can't use high energy to look at now
• 52:09
  Speaker 2: some insects, is proposed, and even some people actually can
• 52:14
  Speaker 2: see a tiny bit into ultraviolet and a tiny bit
• 52:17
  Speaker 2: into the infrared. So again it's not a hard line
• 52:20
  Speaker 2: on these, but photosynthesis and our vision is keyed into
• 52:26
  Speaker 2: a very specific wavelength of energy from our sun. Seventy
• 52:32
  Speaker 2: five percent of the stars in the universe are the
• 52:35
  Speaker 2: wrong energy flex to have photosynthesis. So you'll never get
• 52:41
  Speaker 2: above that level of energy. You'll never you'll be single.
• 52:44
  Speaker 2: There's nothing wrong with single cellular life. I'm not making
• 52:46
  Speaker 2: a moral judgment. I'm just saying this is a constraint
• 52:48
  Speaker 2: that people don't talk about. They say the habitable zone,
• 52:52
  Speaker 2: meaning that if you're if you're blank distance from your star, Yeah,
• 52:56
  Speaker 2: you'll be warm enough, fundy warm. You won't be too hot,
• 52:59
  Speaker 2: you won't be too but you won't have the energy
• 53:02
  Speaker 2: that you need for life to flourish on your planet.
• 53:05
  Speaker 2: Water won't freeze, you can have simple molecules. You can
• 53:08
  Speaker 2: have because we already we already know that there are
• 53:10
  Speaker 2: molecules throughout the universe, but you'll never have complex life.
• 53:15
  Speaker 2: It all comes from photosynthesis. So to kind of kind
• 53:17
  Speaker 2: of speed up the story a little bit, that's where
• 53:20
  Speaker 2: coal comes from. That's where oil comes from. If we
• 53:23
  Speaker 2: didn't have hundreds of millions of years of photosynthesis burying
• 53:28
  Speaker 2: all that energy below us. I know, I understand it's
• 53:34
  Speaker 2: an uncomfortable topic. I'm just delivering the message. Without coal, oil,
• 53:39
  Speaker 2: and gas, we wouldn't be here. We are one hundred
• 53:42
  Speaker 2: percent dependent on it. We are so dependent on it.
• 53:46
  Speaker 2: I believe I think we should have a World Celebration
• 53:49
  Speaker 2: day of fossil fuel. Instead of condemning, we should celebrate.
• 53:57
  Speaker 3: Whatsoever. I mean, you know, it's kind of weird, like
• 54:02
  Speaker 3: we have this really cool balance where like you know
• 54:05
  Speaker 3: that the plants breathe out oxygen and we breathe out
• 54:08
  Speaker 3: carbon dioxide, and now the planet is actually greener than
• 54:11
  Speaker 3: it's been a very long time.
• 54:13
  Speaker 2: It's also thank you for saying that you're You're exactly right. Yeah,
• 54:18
  Speaker 2: I believe that what I just heard most recently is
• 54:22
  Speaker 2: that in the last ten years or something, the Earth
• 54:25
  Speaker 2: has become greener by a factor about the size of
• 54:28
  Speaker 2: the United States is how much greener he has been.
• 54:30
  Speaker 2: We can't imagine. Okyah, Okay, Tom, you're gonna love this
• 54:34
  Speaker 2: because you said something. You said something that a lot
• 54:38
  Speaker 2: of people don't understand. But I'm gonna I'm gonna even
• 54:41
  Speaker 2: blow your mind a tiny bit more. You take your
• 54:43
  Speaker 2: apple and crunch into it. Right, you eat your ash
• 54:46
  Speaker 2: and your potato, You're eating atmospheric carbon. That's what you're eating.
• 54:51
  Speaker 2: You're eating CO two. CO two is not CO two
• 54:55
  Speaker 2: is not plant fuel. It is the plant. That's the
• 55:00
  Speaker 2: magic of photosynthesis. It takes atmospheric CO two and makes
• 55:04
  Speaker 2: a tree out of it, So that tree is CO two.
• 55:07
  Speaker 2: It's not it's not the fuel. The fuel is the sunlight,
• 55:12
  Speaker 2: the tree, the corn on the cob, the apple. That's
• 55:15
  Speaker 2: atmospheric CO two that you're eating. And in the greatest,
• 55:20
  Speaker 2: most remarkable thing, it started to release oxygen. Now that
• 55:24
  Speaker 2: oxygen poisoned the Earth because everything was anaerobic at that time.
• 55:29
  Speaker 2: Oxygen kills, oxygen oxidizes, it's highly reactive. It wiped out
• 55:36
  Speaker 2: most of the organisms on Earth. All of the iron
• 55:41
  Speaker 2: in throughout the crust turned into rust. It imagine this,
• 55:46
  Speaker 2: imagine all the iron imagine all the molecules, all most
• 55:51
  Speaker 2: of most of the minerals, the beautiful gemstones we see,
• 55:55
  Speaker 2: they're oxidized iron. Apardon me, they're oxidized metals. So you're rubies,
• 56:00
  Speaker 2: your sapphires, they're oxidized metals. Those came after the great
• 56:04
  Speaker 2: All that came from photosynthesis. Everything came from photosynthesis, and eventually,
• 56:10
  Speaker 2: after everything that could react with oxygen reacted, it began
• 56:13
  Speaker 2: to fill the atmosphere. Now, if you think of just
• 56:16
  Speaker 2: regular simple glycolysis, you just burn your glucose, for example,
• 56:21
  Speaker 2: that's the basic fuel of life. So if you just
• 56:25
  Speaker 2: burn that you can get energy, but you burn it
• 56:29
  Speaker 2: with oxygen thirty times. So now that's what allowed for
• 56:34
  Speaker 2: So we went through the steps right. The simple molecules
• 56:37
  Speaker 2: became more complex. Molecules eventually became simple cells. Simple cells
• 56:41
  Speaker 2: became more complex. Photosynthesis comes on the same creates oxygen,
• 56:45
  Speaker 2: and there's an explosion of life because we have thirty
• 56:48
  Speaker 2: times more efficient burning of glucose just from that event alone,
• 56:53
  Speaker 2: and that's what allowed the explosion of life right there.
• 56:56
  Speaker 2: And so all of these niches opened up around the plant.
• 57:01
  Speaker 2: And just what you said earlier, the tilt of the
• 57:04
  Speaker 2: Sun part of me. The tilt of the Earth is
• 57:07
  Speaker 2: what gives us the seasons. The Moon, it's early crashed
• 57:12
  Speaker 2: with Earth. It was a planet itself and crashed into
• 57:15
  Speaker 2: Earth and became our moon. Gave us a very stable
• 57:19
  Speaker 2: not only orbit, but rotation. And we're not locked. We rotate.
• 57:26
  Speaker 2: We're not locked. Like you know, the Moon is locked
• 57:28
  Speaker 2: with the Earth, right, that's why we don't see the
• 57:30
  Speaker 2: dark side. So it's orbit and rotation are identical. Some
• 57:35
  Speaker 2: planets are locked with their Sun. So one side is
• 57:39
  Speaker 2: like burnt, the other side is icy. It will never
• 57:42
  Speaker 2: be anything else. So obviously complex life will never form there.
• 57:44
  Speaker 2: That's another one of those factors. So we were let
• 57:47
  Speaker 2: all of these things. Is a complete galactic lottery. And
• 57:52
  Speaker 2: so trees started to grow immensely, reaching for the sky
• 57:56
  Speaker 2: as high as they could go. And it took lignan
• 58:00
  Speaker 2: for them to do that. Lignin is the complex plant
• 58:03
  Speaker 2: molecule that gives them rigidity, makes them stand up. They
• 58:06
  Speaker 2: began on the ground and eventually they learned to grow.
• 58:11
  Speaker 2: It took I don't know the time, but sometime frame
• 58:13
  Speaker 2: millions of years whatever it was, before any organism could
• 58:18
  Speaker 2: decompose or break down lignan, So when trees died, they
• 58:22
  Speaker 2: just fell and more and more compressed on top of them,
• 58:26
  Speaker 2: so they're not they're the opposite of decomposed matter. So
• 58:29
  Speaker 2: this won't happen anymore. It does a little bit in
• 58:32
  Speaker 2: peak bogs, but geologically will never get coal out of
• 58:36
  Speaker 2: trees that are alive today. That's where it came from.
• 58:40
  Speaker 2: That lignan couldn't be digested and it just simply got
• 58:43
  Speaker 2: pushed down into the earth for hundreds of millions of years,
• 58:47
  Speaker 2: and all of those complex tree compounds eventually became coal.
• 58:52
  Speaker 2: That's where coal came from without that coal, And you know,
• 58:56
  Speaker 2: I don't know how much people want to.
• 58:57
  Speaker 3: Hear it, this coal coal. That's why brown cole is
• 59:02
  Speaker 3: called lignites.
• 59:03
  Speaker 2: They have lignite and they have magnetites, so they have
• 59:04
  Speaker 2: different types of coal exactly because it just geologically it
• 59:10
  Speaker 2: was processed a little bit different geologically. And you'll see
• 59:14
  Speaker 2: these resources aren't spread uniformly around the world, right like
• 59:19
  Speaker 2: our oil. You have it here, you don't have it there,
• 59:21
  Speaker 2: you have it there. It's just the luck of the
• 59:23
  Speaker 2: draw right now, if you look at just from a
• 59:26
  Speaker 2: human perspective, it's there for all of us to use right.
• 59:29
  Speaker 2: And I make note I'm not making any type of
• 59:32
  Speaker 2: judgment on that. I'm just saying that's that's it, that's
• 59:35
  Speaker 2: how it is. We just have to accept that. Now politically,
• 59:40
  Speaker 2: you know, that's not how it was divided up. But
• 59:42
  Speaker 2: some places have the oil, some places have the coal,
• 59:45
  Speaker 2: some places don't it. Some places have other resources. You know, Okay,
• 59:49
  Speaker 2: we want to make a new battery, we have to
• 59:50
  Speaker 2: go to Australia. We want to make new this. We
• 59:52
  Speaker 2: have to go to Africa. We want to make one
• 59:54
  Speaker 2: of these, we have to go to India. So those
• 59:55
  Speaker 2: resources are spread unequally around the globe, and partly because
• 1:00:00
  Speaker 2: there's tectonics that shift that around, and that's part. If
• 1:00:03
  Speaker 2: you don't have tectonics, you're not going to have this
• 1:00:05
  Speaker 2: mix of all these interesting materials. So that's where the pantry,
• 1:00:12
  Speaker 2: if you will, of life comes from. All of these molecules.
• 1:00:18
  Speaker 2: So if you remember your periodic chart pardon me, in
• 1:00:21
  Speaker 2: your high school or chemistry class, you know that you
• 1:00:25
  Speaker 2: have a list of all of the elements. That's not
• 1:00:29
  Speaker 2: Earth or our solar system or our galaxy. That's the
• 1:00:33
  Speaker 2: entire universe. That's it. That's all you have anything you
• 1:00:37
  Speaker 2: make has to come from and it's a big pantry.
• 1:00:39
  Speaker 2: But most places don't have it. Most planets don't have
• 1:00:42
  Speaker 2: all that stuff. Only planets that formed in their area
• 1:00:45
  Speaker 2: of their galaxy. Like I said, the farther away ones,
• 1:00:48
  Speaker 2: they don't have it because they don't have that rich
• 1:00:51
  Speaker 2: exploding previous stars and incliding neutron stars that we talked
• 1:00:55
  Speaker 2: earlier about. So without all those things happening, your neighborhood
• 1:00:59
  Speaker 2: won't be talked for you to make a planet rich
• 1:01:02
  Speaker 2: with all these stuff. And so that's one of the
• 1:01:04
  Speaker 2: things that that really sets us apart. To have all
• 1:01:06
  Speaker 2: of those ingredients. All those things are what makes life possible.
• 1:01:11
  Speaker 2: And so you have the trees and then you have
• 1:01:15
  Speaker 2: the phytoplankton that eventually, and again is similar process. The
• 1:01:19
  Speaker 2: phytoplankton through photosynthesis, we're able to grow, they have energy
• 1:01:23
  Speaker 2: in them, they settle down in the ocean floor, you know,
• 1:01:26
  Speaker 2: over hundreds of millions of years. And it's almost inconceivable
• 1:01:30
  Speaker 2: how much oil we've taken out of our planet and burned,
• 1:01:33
  Speaker 2: how much coal we've taken on our planet and burned.
• 1:01:36
  Speaker 2: To imagine the number of trees and phytoplankton that had
• 1:01:40
  Speaker 2: to die right and get squished down into the planet
• 1:01:44
  Speaker 2: for us to have right now, roughly one hundred and
• 1:01:47
  Speaker 2: fifty years of oil. You know, we're not going to
• 1:01:51
  Speaker 2: run out. Don't worry people. I'm not I'm not an activist.
• 1:01:54
  Speaker 2: I don't. I just want to present, you know, where
• 1:01:57
  Speaker 2: our energy came from, and we need to do we
• 1:02:01
  Speaker 2: have to, we have to be stewards of it. We're fine, no.
• 1:02:04
  Speaker 3: Reason too, there's no reason to, like, you know, to
• 1:02:06
  Speaker 3: make any type of statements. So now you're just you're
• 1:02:08
  Speaker 3: just basically stating the facts and which and what and
• 1:02:10
  Speaker 3: what they are. Now people want to get upset. They'll
• 1:02:14
  Speaker 3: get upset about anything. They'll get set any I like tacos,
• 1:02:17
  Speaker 3: well I like burritos. Okay, Well, then then go ahead
• 1:02:19
  Speaker 3: and fun me too, you know what I mean. It's
• 1:02:21
  Speaker 3: just I like tacos and that's it. And that's it,
• 1:02:23
  Speaker 3: you know what I mean. Who cares? You know? It's okay, man,
• 1:02:25
  Speaker 3: You don't have to constantly do that. It's fine.
• 1:02:28
  Speaker 2: So we have right now at current youth, and it's
• 1:02:31
  Speaker 2: going to increase. Right now, we have about three three
• 1:02:35
  Speaker 2: hundred to four hundred years of oil. Now there may
• 1:02:38
  Speaker 2: be more that just this stuff just gets increasingly more
• 1:02:41
  Speaker 2: and more difficult to get and then you're spending more
• 1:02:43
  Speaker 2: energy to get it out. And so that's that's when
• 1:02:47
  Speaker 2: you come to the law of diminishing returns, right, when
• 1:02:51
  Speaker 2: the economic or energetic input is greater than the economic
• 1:02:55
  Speaker 2: or energetic return, right, And so that's the law of
• 1:02:58
  Speaker 2: diminishing return. So at some point it may just be
• 1:03:00
  Speaker 2: too you know, prohibitive energetically and economically to keep getting it.
• 1:03:05
  Speaker 2: But let's just say we have roughly the three hundred
• 1:03:07
  Speaker 2: four hundre years and a lot of people think, oh good,
• 1:03:09
  Speaker 2: I'm fine, I'll be dead long before then. No, we
• 1:03:13
  Speaker 2: have kids, we have grandkids, we have future humanity. We
• 1:03:17
  Speaker 2: can't burn all this up. We're going to be fine, though,
• 1:03:20
  Speaker 2: We're going to use I'm not out making nuclear fusion,
• 1:03:23
  Speaker 2: but people are, fortunately and we will get that. That
• 1:03:28
  Speaker 2: is going to be the tipping point for civilization. Energetically,
• 1:03:32
  Speaker 2: we're no longer going to be burning fossil fuel. We'll
• 1:03:36
  Speaker 2: still need fossil fuels, but once you have nuclear fusion, Tommy,
• 1:03:42
  Speaker 2: are you familiar with the differences of fission and fusion?
• 1:03:45
  Speaker 2: Do you know that roughly? Should I share that, yes,
• 1:03:47
  Speaker 2: a little bit vision.
• 1:03:49
  Speaker 3: If I'm not mistaken. Fission is basically the splitting of
• 1:03:52
  Speaker 3: atoms that creates a nuclear that creates an energy release,
• 1:03:55
  Speaker 3: and when you also fuse items together it as a
• 1:03:57
  Speaker 3: different type of energy release.
• 1:03:59
  Speaker 2: Yeah. Yeah, I mean I couldn't said it reason.
• 1:04:03
  Speaker 3: It's much more difficult than the other and we're actually
• 1:04:05
  Speaker 3: I think they recently got to have a breakthrough with
• 1:04:08
  Speaker 3: the fission. So yeah, it's an interesting time to be alive.
• 1:04:12
  Speaker 2: Yes, isn't it. I was born in sixty one, and
• 1:04:15
  Speaker 2: I wouldn't want to be born any other year. Honestly
• 1:04:18
  Speaker 2: because my grandma and my dad even they rode horses
• 1:04:22
  Speaker 2: to school. I could reach out and touch that right
• 1:04:25
  Speaker 2: and look where we are today and what we have
• 1:04:28
  Speaker 2: in our future. It is the most awesome period of
• 1:04:31
  Speaker 2: time to live. So you're exactly right. The energy really
• 1:04:35
  Speaker 2: you know? Right now, I know we amazing people have
• 1:04:41
  Speaker 2: calmed down. Life has never been better ever. We have
• 1:04:46
  Speaker 2: such abundance, we have such safety, we have such security,
• 1:04:50
  Speaker 2: enjoy what we have. It is unbelievable and I love
• 1:04:55
  Speaker 2: it and I am grateful for it so much that
• 1:04:57
  Speaker 2: we're able to see this in think about it, use
• 1:05:01
  Speaker 2: our conscious mind and just enjoy it. Taking the beauty
• 1:05:04
  Speaker 2: of our world, taking the beauty of people. It is.
• 1:05:08
  Speaker 2: It is amazing. Isn't perfect, No, it's not. Humans aren't perfect.
• 1:05:12
  Speaker 2: But we have a lot to live for, and so
• 1:05:14
  Speaker 2: we will at current trajectory use all of this fuel.
• 1:05:17
  Speaker 2: If you think about the Roman Empire, that's two thousand
• 1:05:19
  Speaker 2: years ago, right, they didn't have coal, oil and gas.
• 1:05:23
  Speaker 2: And I'm going to talk about that because I think
• 1:05:24
  Speaker 2: this is the most beautiful part of the story. They
• 1:05:27
  Speaker 2: didn't have coal, oil and gas, and so they were
• 1:05:30
  Speaker 2: at the limits. Obviously they grew too far, too big again.
• 1:05:34
  Speaker 2: Law of diminishing returns. It's your economic and energetic input
• 1:05:37
  Speaker 2: versus your economic or energetic output. Interpiece steals everything and
• 1:05:42
  Speaker 2: interpiece the third law of thermodynamics, it's energy. Energy is
• 1:05:47
  Speaker 2: not the enemy. Entropy is everything goes random, and that's
• 1:05:52
  Speaker 2: what's going to happen if you don't put I mean,
• 1:05:54
  Speaker 2: look at your kitchen, your bath, whatever, that's entropy right there.
• 1:05:57
  Speaker 2: It's leave, don't fall from the tree in a nice pile. Okay,
• 1:06:03
  Speaker 2: that's interrothy if you don't know. So, the universe tends
• 1:06:07
  Speaker 2: towards disorder. So we have the next step in the ladder,
• 1:06:14
  Speaker 2: we have the colt oil and gas. The next step
• 1:06:17
  Speaker 2: in the ladder is nuclear fission. We've had that and
• 1:06:19
  Speaker 2: this is a mistake. It was too bad that it
• 1:06:21
  Speaker 2: was done handled the wrong way. We wouldn't be in
• 1:06:23
  Speaker 2: the situation we're in right now. We'd be far better off.
• 1:06:28
  Speaker 2: Nuclear energy, rightfully, so is tied to weapons. That's where
• 1:06:33
  Speaker 2: it came from. That's where the knowledge came from. So
• 1:06:36
  Speaker 2: it is rightfully tied to weapons. Right. I don't like
• 1:06:39
  Speaker 2: it because it makes weapons, Yeah it can. And that
• 1:06:42
  Speaker 2: doesn't make nuclear energy bad all right, or necessary people bad.
• 1:06:48
  Speaker 2: It's something that we discovered. Man, we are smart people.
• 1:06:51
  Speaker 2: You can split an atom and get energy, and that
• 1:06:53
  Speaker 2: energy of fission and fusion because we have fusion bombs.
• 1:06:57
  Speaker 2: But you can't take a fusion bomb and create energy
• 1:06:59
  Speaker 2: use energy out of it. So energy does not mean
• 1:07:02
  Speaker 2: usable energy. Those are separate. You have to control it
• 1:07:05
  Speaker 2: and use it and transport it. So if you don't
• 1:07:07
  Speaker 2: have that ability, then your energy don't matter. So so
• 1:07:12
  Speaker 2: nuclear fusion and nuclear fission they both boil water. What
• 1:07:16
  Speaker 2: a way to use it? Right, that's what you do.
• 1:07:18
  Speaker 2: So that energy that you talked about, that heat energy.
• 1:07:20
  Speaker 2: That's what they So if you go to nuclear fission,
• 1:07:23
  Speaker 2: those big cooling towers, that's not the nuclear reactor is
• 1:07:27
  Speaker 2: not there, the nuclear actors next to it. That you
• 1:07:30
  Speaker 2: have to you have to take some of the energy
• 1:07:31
  Speaker 2: out of the water to recirculate it back to turn
• 1:07:34
  Speaker 2: the steam turbine. So that's what they do. They turn
• 1:07:36
  Speaker 2: the steam turbine. That's what electricity comes from. The steam
• 1:07:39
  Speaker 2: that the water that gets boiled creates steam turns a turbine.
• 1:07:43
  Speaker 2: That turbine generates electricity, and then it is sent out
• 1:07:46
  Speaker 2: on a power.
• 1:07:47
  Speaker 3: So essentially it's a super futuristic steam locomotive in a way.
• 1:07:52
  Speaker 2: In a sense, in a way, yeah, it kind of is.
• 1:07:55
  Speaker 2: That's exactly right. Yeah, And that steam locomotive is what
• 1:07:59
  Speaker 2: gave us industrial age and is powered by coal. That
• 1:08:02
  Speaker 2: was just it's just amazing someone would but wood is
• 1:08:05
  Speaker 2: wood is not very good for that. So that's our future.
• 1:08:08
  Speaker 2: That's that's why I'm so optimistic. We're fine. We can't
• 1:08:11
  Speaker 2: kill each other. Before we get this figured out, we
• 1:08:14
  Speaker 2: won't have the need to. Ninety seven percent of all
• 1:08:20
  Speaker 2: transportation on the planet comes from patrolling products. Ninety seven percent.
• 1:08:25
  Speaker 2: I'm just telling you. That's the number. Right. Even as
• 1:08:29
  Speaker 2: much as as highly electrified as we are, ninety seven
• 1:08:32
  Speaker 2: percent of all transportation is still powered by coal, oil,
• 1:08:35
  Speaker 2: and gas. We got to get off walking. Oh okay,
• 1:08:40
  Speaker 2: I like that one.
• 1:08:41
  Speaker 3: I'm sorry.
• 1:08:41
  Speaker 2: You know what it is? Power? You know, you know
• 1:08:44
  Speaker 2: what power is walking tom in an indirect way atmospheric
• 1:08:49
  Speaker 2: CO two because that's where the glucose comes from.
• 1:08:51
  Speaker 3: It gives us that.
• 1:08:55
  Speaker 2: Yeah, that's a beautiful. The Calvin cycle is beautiful. It consumed,
• 1:09:00
  Speaker 2: It makes living matter out of atmosphere uh two in
• 1:09:04
  Speaker 2: exchange gives us oxygen. What a brilliant plan. So all
• 1:09:09
  Speaker 2: of you who have the wonder of you know, the
• 1:09:13
  Speaker 2: God versus nature or whatever, there's nothing more beautiful than
• 1:09:16
  Speaker 2: that right there, that everything, that little cycle there, that
• 1:09:20
  Speaker 2: the photosynthesis gives us all that energy.
• 1:09:23
  Speaker 3: I don't know, man, I would put I would. I'm
• 1:09:25
  Speaker 3: very philosophical man. You know, I don't know how much you.
• 1:09:29
  Speaker 2: Like.
• 1:09:29
  Speaker 3: I don't know. I think when you're do you have children, Terry?
• 1:09:33
  Speaker 2: I do?
• 1:09:33
  Speaker 3: Yes, Yeah, So I don't know. I can't think of
• 1:09:36
  Speaker 3: anything more beautiful than the first time I saw my daughter.
• 1:09:39
  Speaker 2: Yeah, okay, how do you like?
• 1:09:41
  Speaker 3: I say, like, once again, how do you quantify that?
• 1:09:44
  Speaker 3: You can't. It's that makes us hard.
• 1:09:48
  Speaker 2: Yeah, I love that doesn't make.
• 1:09:50
  Speaker 3: Yeah pinion, it gives people give a different meaning by
• 1:09:54
  Speaker 3: looking at it. We are we internalize nature and then
• 1:09:58
  Speaker 3: externalize it again through painting and our to music and
• 1:10:00
  Speaker 3: things of that nature. But also when you look at
• 1:10:03
  Speaker 3: you know, when you look at a child, that's the
• 1:10:04
  Speaker 3: same way your parents look at you, hopefully, and so
• 1:10:08
  Speaker 3: forth and so on back through the millennium. You know, people,
• 1:10:10
  Speaker 3: there's many different ways to look at things. It is
• 1:10:13
  Speaker 3: a beautiful thing, right, I understand what you're saying through
• 1:10:17
  Speaker 3: the eyes of science, through the eyes of you know,
• 1:10:20
  Speaker 3: chemistry and molecular science. Yeah, but there's there's there's beauty everywhere.
• 1:10:26
  Speaker 3: You just have to.
• 1:10:29
  Speaker 2: Yeah, I appreciate that, and I do want to touch
• 1:10:32
  Speaker 2: a touch on this because what I'm saying is not
• 1:10:35
  Speaker 2: a moral judgment. We're not better people than people without
• 1:10:38
  Speaker 2: this energy. We just happen to have it now, right,
• 1:10:42
  Speaker 2: there's not more necessarily less happiness. There has been perils
• 1:10:46
  Speaker 2: throughout mankind, right, pestilence and war, and those aren't brand
• 1:10:51
  Speaker 2: new ideas, and you hope in many of them we
• 1:10:53
  Speaker 2: have been able to control. We have been able to
• 1:10:55
  Speaker 2: control our environment and make it safer in a lot
• 1:10:59
  Speaker 2: of different ways. But this, what you're describing, came that feeling.
• 1:11:06
  Speaker 2: Now listen to this. How old are the most ancient
• 1:11:11
  Speaker 2: cave arts like now? It's like forty five thousand years.
• 1:11:13
  Speaker 2: That blows the mind those people. If you took their brain,
• 1:11:18
  Speaker 2: if you took their brain, and as a young kid,
• 1:11:23
  Speaker 2: you could give them the knowledge we have. Now, we're
• 1:11:25
  Speaker 2: not more intelligent than they are. We just have more
• 1:11:28
  Speaker 2: knowledge than they have. But you could tell them and
• 1:11:31
  Speaker 2: teach them the same thing they were expressing exactly what
• 1:11:34
  Speaker 2: you said in their cave art forty five thousand years ago.
• 1:11:39
  Speaker 2: That's pretty remarkable. So that wonder that you're describing a
• 1:11:45
  Speaker 2: beautiful baby or whatever else that you may have, a mate,
• 1:11:50
  Speaker 2: a loved one, whatever, that beauty that that's not, that's
• 1:11:54
  Speaker 2: not that doesn't belong just to us, that's not modern.
• 1:11:57
  Speaker 2: That goes back. Yeah, and so that doesn't make us
• 1:12:01
  Speaker 2: better or worse. It just I'm just looking at this.
• 1:12:04
  Speaker 2: This is where we are, This is how it is.
• 1:12:07
  Speaker 2: I do have a actually another a third book that I
• 1:12:09
  Speaker 2: am writing. It kind of as long the lines of
• 1:12:11
  Speaker 2: what you're thinking already, because I just think this is
• 1:12:14
  Speaker 2: an extension of all this that we get our energy
• 1:12:16
  Speaker 2: from our sun and it created something rare and amazing
• 1:12:23
  Speaker 2: on our planet. Can it exists elsewhere? Yes, but it
• 1:12:26
  Speaker 2: may not be as much as we'd like it to be,
• 1:12:28
  Speaker 2: just because of these constraints, because we have to make
• 1:12:31
  Speaker 2: this energy ladder. Right now, we are technological enough that
• 1:12:36
  Speaker 2: we're sending our signature out into the universe now, howl,
• 1:12:42
  Speaker 2: when did Marconi? Marconi's was the first long distance radio signal, right,
• 1:12:49
  Speaker 2: one hundred and thirty years agoing out right late eighteen hundred,
• 1:12:51
  Speaker 2: so one hundred thirty years ago, hundred and forty years
• 1:12:53
  Speaker 2: ago whatever that was exactly, So that was when we started.
• 1:12:58
  Speaker 2: We got a lot of signals out there.
• 1:12:59
  Speaker 3: Now, Oh yeah, people are people on the backside of
• 1:13:03
  Speaker 3: the Pluto right now, are watching I Love Lucy episode,
• 1:13:05
  Speaker 3: so you know.
• 1:13:05
  Speaker 2: What, I love it? They probably are, Yeah, exactly. Yeah.
• 1:13:12
  Speaker 2: So we've been sending our technical technical signature as I
• 1:13:16
  Speaker 2: call it, out for one hundred and thirty years maybe,
• 1:13:19
  Speaker 2: and it's just been building ever since then. The problem
• 1:13:22
  Speaker 2: is these signals dilute according to the inverse square law, right,
• 1:13:27
  Speaker 2: so things spread out so that's how signals get diluted.
• 1:13:32
  Speaker 2: We're able to see stars just because the numer Remember
• 1:13:36
  Speaker 2: when you think of a star, it's sending energy out
• 1:13:38
  Speaker 2: three hundred and sixty degrees, right, we just see kind
• 1:13:40
  Speaker 2: of the one side of it, but the top, bottom,
• 1:13:42
  Speaker 2: back side, you know, all the way around, it's sending
• 1:13:45
  Speaker 2: a signal. But each photon keeps it same energy. That's
• 1:13:49
  Speaker 2: that's the thing that you have to understand. Each photon
• 1:13:52
  Speaker 2: keeps it same energy. Now it gets red shifted, as
• 1:13:56
  Speaker 2: Edwin Hubble demonstrated now one hundred years ago. He's the
• 1:14:00
  Speaker 2: guy who thought of the expanding universe, the concept of redshifting,
• 1:14:05
  Speaker 2: and that's why the microwave background radiation is is in
• 1:14:10
  Speaker 2: the microwave radiation instead of the high energy, it's stretched
• 1:14:14
  Speaker 2: out as the universe has expanded. And so everyone's familiar
• 1:14:19
  Speaker 2: with the Doppler effect. Right, you hear an oncoming turn,
• 1:14:22
  Speaker 2: right when something comes to you, that's the Doppler effect.
• 1:14:25
  Speaker 2: So it's blue shifts coming to you, the thread shifts
• 1:14:28
  Speaker 2: it red shift's going away from you. And so that's
• 1:14:32
  Speaker 2: how we came up with the idea. So each photon
• 1:14:36
  Speaker 2: will up to a certain time distance retain its same energy,
• 1:14:40
  Speaker 2: but they get diluted in space because they're expanding out
• 1:14:44
  Speaker 2: from each other. So the signals do get diluted. But
• 1:14:47
  Speaker 2: we're sending out and this is one of the things
• 1:14:50
  Speaker 2: that people are talking about in the paradox. That's one
• 1:14:55
  Speaker 2: of the things. We're happy we see a radio signal. Okay,
• 1:14:58
  Speaker 2: there's somebody else sending a radio signal. Right, so that's
• 1:15:00
  Speaker 2: one of the primary things that we're listening to. We
• 1:15:02
  Speaker 2: got our ears to the to the galaxy.
• 1:15:06
  Speaker 3: Yeah, what about the signal from the Oh.
• 1:15:09
  Speaker 2: Yeah, exactly hess like fifteen seconds or something like that. Whatever,
• 1:15:12
  Speaker 2: what Yeah, that was a bile signal. So that's what
• 1:15:16
  Speaker 2: we're listening for. It's exactly right. It's just any sort
• 1:15:19
  Speaker 2: of technical signature that may hint that, hey, this is
• 1:15:26
  Speaker 2: not natural because we're getting we're getting better and better
• 1:15:31
  Speaker 2: at deciphering. Because if you look just invisible white, you're
• 1:15:35
  Speaker 2: only going to see a small fraction of the universe.
• 1:15:37
  Speaker 2: You need to listen to everything. The next thing, of course,
• 1:15:41
  Speaker 2: is listen as people say, gravity waves, and we maybe
• 1:15:44
  Speaker 2: we will master that is being able to listen to
• 1:15:48
  Speaker 2: or send gravity waves as a form of communication. That
• 1:15:52
  Speaker 2: may be so in our in our unfolding story about
• 1:15:56
  Speaker 2: about the energy of life and sending that techno signatures.
• 1:15:59
  Speaker 2: We are now at that point. We are sending that
• 1:16:02
  Speaker 2: techno signature out. We are sending probes out that have
• 1:16:05
  Speaker 2: been out for fifty years now, right, and later this
• 1:16:08
  Speaker 2: year the Voyager will be one light day away. That's
• 1:16:15
  Speaker 2: pretty amazing, right, that's as far as it's gone whatever,
• 1:16:18
  Speaker 2: thirty five thousand miles per hour, which is pretty fast.
• 1:16:22
  Speaker 2: But we are.
• 1:16:23
  Speaker 3: Considering, and that's considering. People always go to the closest star.
• 1:16:26
  Speaker 3: Well the well, it's a binary system Alpha Centauri amb
• 1:16:30
  Speaker 3: is four light years away, so to send a message
• 1:16:32
  Speaker 3: even through photons, it would be four years there and
• 1:16:35
  Speaker 3: four years back. So the thing that we've been able
• 1:16:37
  Speaker 3: to send I think was nineteen seventy eight where they
• 1:16:39
  Speaker 3: launched Voyager one. That has been what forty eight years ago, well,
• 1:16:45
  Speaker 3: fifty years that you were saying, And that is as
• 1:16:47
  Speaker 3: far as we've been able to send something as thus far.
• 1:16:50
  Speaker 3: So we're just we're still babies.
• 1:16:51
  Speaker 2: We're still we're still babies. But in the grand scheme
• 1:16:55
  Speaker 2: of things, and this is how I see it, because
• 1:16:57
  Speaker 2: I do envision these massive, multi generational starfaring vessels that
• 1:17:05
  Speaker 2: are enormous. Now you know that the depth star is
• 1:17:13
  Speaker 2: a gigantic planet like thing. It's so gigantic, right, so
• 1:17:19
  Speaker 2: I yes, right, it's gigantic. Okay, so you need to
• 1:17:25
  Speaker 2: send something. You need to send something gigantic. I don't
• 1:17:28
  Speaker 2: know these dimensions, but they're actually talking about six kilometer
• 1:17:32
  Speaker 2: long or diameter. Whether it's going to be a ring
• 1:17:34
  Speaker 2: or whatever it is. Okay, the shape of it doesn't.
• 1:17:37
  Speaker 2: You don't need aerodynamics, it doesn't. It doesn't matter, right,
• 1:17:41
  Speaker 2: it's just pure physics. At that time. It's mass, it's
• 1:17:44
  Speaker 2: all you're looking at. Yet mass, it's just momentum, right,
• 1:17:47
  Speaker 2: it's just plain science. Now what we shoot out the
• 1:17:50
  Speaker 2: back is going to be different. You know, it's going
• 1:17:52
  Speaker 2: to be some type of plasma direct fusion reactor or
• 1:17:56
  Speaker 2: whatever it is. I don't know, I want to say
• 1:17:58
  Speaker 2: I'm talking a little bit over my head. I'm just
• 1:18:00
  Speaker 2: I just know that there are these different propulsions being
• 1:18:04
  Speaker 2: being So the nearest star is not no complex life
• 1:18:09
  Speaker 2: on their people. I'm sorry. I don't have to go there.
• 1:18:11
  Speaker 2: I can tell you. The stars are red dwarfs, Okay,
• 1:18:16
  Speaker 2: they're K type stars. We're a D type star or
• 1:18:19
  Speaker 2: they're M stars hard me and so they don't have
• 1:18:21
  Speaker 2: the right energy flux for complex life. In the years
• 1:18:25
  Speaker 2: before we build our sophisticated multi generational interstellar craft, we
• 1:18:34
  Speaker 2: will know where to send our planet, our ship to.
• 1:18:39
  Speaker 2: You know what, there actually has not been a sun
• 1:18:43
  Speaker 2: planet duo like ours discovered yet. That's why it is.
• 1:18:47
  Speaker 2: I mean, we haven't discovered that yet. Same planet now
• 1:18:50
  Speaker 2: we've had, we've found similar size planets. Size matters. You're
• 1:18:56
  Speaker 2: probably not going to have complex sophisticated life in a
• 1:19:02
  Speaker 2: very tight constraint on the size of the planet because
• 1:19:07
  Speaker 2: the bigger it is, the more massive it's gravitational forces,
• 1:19:10
  Speaker 2: which means it keeps everything low to the ground, including
• 1:19:13
  Speaker 2: all the gases are suffocating. So if you if the
• 1:19:18
  Speaker 2: atmosphere is too high, you're you're going to be limited.
• 1:19:21
  Speaker 2: You'll be constrained in another way. Yet, so the Goldilocks
• 1:19:26
  Speaker 2: planet actually is about point eight to one point two
• 1:19:30
  Speaker 2: Earth size approximately, would be a Goldilocks planet. So you
• 1:19:35
  Speaker 2: have to have the right sun and the right part
• 1:19:36
  Speaker 2: of the galaxy. Of course, all we can see is
• 1:19:38
  Speaker 2: in our right part of our galaxy already, we're not
• 1:19:40
  Speaker 2: looking across the galaxy. But we're looking nearby in our galaxy,
• 1:19:44
  Speaker 2: so we haven't found an earth like planet with an
• 1:19:46
  Speaker 2: earth like sun yet. That's where we need to go first,
• 1:19:49
  Speaker 2: don't We don't. Alpha Centauri is great? Is our life there?
• 1:19:52
  Speaker 2: Maybe it's the closest, yes, But these are the type
• 1:19:55
  Speaker 2: of trips you get one shot at going right, you're
• 1:19:59
  Speaker 2: not You're not coming back in anyway. It's not like, hey,
• 1:20:01
  Speaker 2: we'll go there, then we'll spend another ten million light
• 1:20:03
  Speaker 2: years to go to the next sun. Right, you should
• 1:20:07
  Speaker 2: pick the right win and we'll know better by then.
• 1:20:08
  Speaker 2: In the next fifty to sixty years, as our space
• 1:20:12
  Speaker 2: telescopes get better and better, we get better at peering
• 1:20:14
  Speaker 2: a start, the atmosphere is what we're looking for, so
• 1:20:19
  Speaker 2: we're looking at for oxygen.
• 1:20:21
  Speaker 3: Yeah, there's so many things I'd love to talk to
• 1:20:24
  Speaker 3: you about, but you know, you you definitely lean heavily
• 1:20:28
  Speaker 3: on scientific method, lean heavily on science and things out
• 1:20:31
  Speaker 3: of nature. But there's you know, I talk to people
• 1:20:34
  Speaker 3: who experience UFOs, I talk to people who experienced bigfoot,
• 1:20:40
  Speaker 3: and uh, you know, there's it's kind of hard if
• 1:20:44
  Speaker 3: they're you're saying that even if something can you know,
• 1:20:48
  Speaker 3: how would they come here? They're bound by the physics
• 1:20:51
  Speaker 3: of the universe. So if nothing can go faster and
• 1:20:54
  Speaker 3: then in a photon, then how does something that is
• 1:20:56
  Speaker 3: nuts and bolts get here. Of course you can theorialize
• 1:20:59
  Speaker 3: wormholes and things of that nature, but there is also
• 1:21:03
  Speaker 3: interdimensionality and what that could propose. And uh, you know, like,
• 1:21:12
  Speaker 3: have you ever considered Grand Hagcock's work of you know,
• 1:21:17
  Speaker 3: former civilizations when you look at like pyramids and their construction,
• 1:21:21
  Speaker 3: and have we have we yet just discovered that they
• 1:21:25
  Speaker 3: didn't that they built a big ramp. I'm not saying
• 1:21:28
  Speaker 3: the UFO has made the pyramids, but I'm saying there
• 1:21:30
  Speaker 3: was possibly a technology that got lost. If you look
• 1:21:34
  Speaker 3: at you know, not the Incan ruins, but what's below
• 1:21:36
  Speaker 3: the Incan ruins. When you look at how those blocks
• 1:21:39
  Speaker 3: are put together, how do they make those you know,
• 1:21:42
  Speaker 3: having many years ago and make it where you can't
• 1:21:45
  Speaker 3: even put a sheet of paper in between those today interlocked?
• 1:21:48
  Speaker 2: Like that.
• 1:21:52
  Speaker 3: Is the stuff that I I love, you know, looking
• 1:21:55
  Speaker 3: out you know, I love that. But I live here
• 1:21:58
  Speaker 3: in the Yucatan Peninsula and I'm I'm literally forty minutes
• 1:22:02
  Speaker 3: away from a pyramid, and you see that, and you're
• 1:22:05
  Speaker 3: just like, okay, this is this is something man, I
• 1:22:09
  Speaker 3: don't know. I wouldn't put like, you know, the Giza
• 1:22:12
  Speaker 3: Plateau on the same breath as maybe well maybe chichen Itza,
• 1:22:16
  Speaker 3: which is here also in Yuca and Peninsul, which is
• 1:22:18
  Speaker 3: also an incredible, incredible pyramid form. But why that's how
• 1:22:23
  Speaker 3: did they do that? How did they move these huge
• 1:22:26
  Speaker 3: quarried granite slabs, you know, like the Olmes, just the
• 1:22:30
  Speaker 3: olmex which that's not the real name, but it's what
• 1:22:33
  Speaker 3: they call them, which is basically the oil people here
• 1:22:35
  Speaker 3: in Tabasco, Mexico with these large you know, you know
• 1:22:39
  Speaker 3: possibly you know, into Pacific people or people from Africa.
• 1:22:44
  Speaker 3: How would he get that big head to there? That
• 1:22:47
  Speaker 3: basalt has to be quarried here. They can't make a
• 1:22:49
  Speaker 3: raft big enough that would float that to go down
• 1:22:52
  Speaker 3: the river that it would be on. How is that
• 1:22:54
  Speaker 3: all possible? Like I think, looking forward, we need to
• 1:22:58
  Speaker 3: understand a little bit about looking back. Grantham Hot said
• 1:23:02
  Speaker 3: it very well. We are a species with amnesia, and
• 1:23:05
  Speaker 3: I think, just looking at what we know science, that's fantastic.
• 1:23:09
  Speaker 3: But that's only my point. My point of view, of
• 1:23:11
  Speaker 3: course is just part of it. It's just it's it's
• 1:23:14
  Speaker 3: a part of it. It's a very important part of it.
• 1:23:17
  Speaker 3: But there's things that exist right now on this planet
• 1:23:20
  Speaker 3: we can go to and put our hand on, and
• 1:23:21
  Speaker 3: we still have no idea how that was made. And
• 1:23:24
  Speaker 3: I love that. The mystery is my favorite part.
• 1:23:29
  Speaker 2: I love that. Yeah, and thanks for bringing that up.
• 1:23:31
  Speaker 2: It's an incomplete story, it really is, and I love
• 1:23:35
  Speaker 2: I love our ability to look back at that and
• 1:23:40
  Speaker 2: try to piece these puzzles together. Right, We've done a
• 1:23:42
  Speaker 2: pretty good job. It is incomplete, and there is there
• 1:23:46
  Speaker 2: is more to learn and and and that's why I
• 1:23:51
  Speaker 2: I really support this idea of pausing a little bit
• 1:23:54
  Speaker 2: before you just go turn things down. Let's explore, let's
• 1:23:56
  Speaker 2: find out, because where we came from to me is
• 1:24:00
  Speaker 2: as equally as important as where we're going. Both are important.
• 1:24:04
  Speaker 2: But I want to I want that whole I want
• 1:24:07
  Speaker 2: that whole story told, is what I want. Right, we
• 1:24:11
  Speaker 2: we are fortunate beyond belief that we have what we have,
• 1:24:16
  Speaker 2: and they were able to do the detective work on
• 1:24:19
  Speaker 2: our ancient histories that baffle us all I've never I
• 1:24:23
  Speaker 2: still have not heard anyone give that complete story. And
• 1:24:27
  Speaker 2: so it's it's it's untold and we will find more. Tom,
• 1:24:31
  Speaker 2: I want to think you may I share my book
• 1:24:33
  Speaker 2: a little bit? Is that?
• 1:24:34
  Speaker 3: Okay, I'm here for it. I can tell it's winding down.
• 1:24:39
  Speaker 3: This is what I do.
• 1:24:41
  Speaker 2: This is it? Where are the little green mend? Now?
• 1:24:46
  Speaker 2: I don't mind saying that the cover itself was probably
• 1:24:49
  Speaker 2: AI generated, but this is my idea. Probably I put
• 1:24:54
  Speaker 2: this and I had I think rock create some priventive
• 1:24:58
  Speaker 2: images that I sent to my my publisher who actually
• 1:25:02
  Speaker 2: made this. And now if I may share the back
• 1:25:05
  Speaker 2: of it. This is newton kind of kind of pondering.
• 1:25:12
  Speaker 2: And the question is asked, why didn't Newton go to
• 1:25:15
  Speaker 2: the moon. He's the smartest guy around. He knew he
• 1:25:18
  Speaker 2: knew the math. He didn't have the energy.
• 1:25:21
  Speaker 3: Oh great, where can they find your book, Terry? Where
• 1:25:28
  Speaker 3: can they find your book? Where can you reach out?
• 1:25:30
  Speaker 2: Thank you for asking. It's it's available lots of lots
• 1:25:33
  Speaker 2: of vendors, but it's available at Amazon, Burns and Noble.
• 1:25:36
  Speaker 2: It's available. This is a hardcover. There's a soft cover
• 1:25:38
  Speaker 2: and Kindle version of it. That's very nice. I appreciate,
• 1:25:42
  Speaker 2: thank you for the opportunity. I had a great time,
• 1:25:44
  Speaker 2: and you can tell me I.
• 1:25:45
  Speaker 1: Love this.
• 1:25:47
  Speaker 3: Very Yes, it's a very fun conversation. Uh, it's a
• 1:25:51
  Speaker 3: nice for me. It's a nice break from the norm
• 1:25:55
  Speaker 3: that I that I normally talk with people on I
• 1:25:57
  Speaker 3: enjoy it. I listened to all walks life. I'm here
• 1:26:00
  Speaker 3: open for everybody. I'm here to make people feel comfortable
• 1:26:02
  Speaker 3: and whatever they experience, see, or want to talk about,
• 1:26:07
  Speaker 3: the mystery that is life, that is consciousness, where we're
• 1:26:12
  Speaker 3: coming from, where we're going, you know what we are
• 1:26:15
  Speaker 3: experiencing at this moment, and I'm here for all of us. Harry,
• 1:26:18
  Speaker 3: I really appreciate that you reached out to me and
• 1:26:21
  Speaker 3: came on today.
• 1:26:22
  Speaker 2: Yeah, thank you very much. Take care time. I hope
• 1:26:24
  Speaker 2: to see you again.
• 1:26:26
  Speaker 3: All right, guys, Okay, guys. I hope you guys enjoyed that.
• 1:26:29
  Speaker 3: Remember we are the I we are aware. I love
• 1:26:32
  Speaker 3: you all and I'll see you around
• 1:27:02
  Speaker 2: After you