Latest / Reformed Thinking / What Is Man That You Are Mindful of Him? (Psalm 8) | Matthew Henry
Transcript
- 0:00Welcome to Reform Thinking. We are glad you're here with us.
- 0:03It's good to be here. The plan today is, well, it's
- 0:06pretty simple. We are going to open our Bibles,
- 0:10open a very heavy book written by a dead Puritan, and see if we
- 0:14can't make some sense of the world.
- 0:16I appreciate that introduction. And yeah, we are indeed stepping
- 0:20into a space for, you know, some real theological reflection.
- 0:23We're not just skimming the surface today.
- 0:25No, we want to do some real work.
- 0:27And the heavy booking question is Matthew Henry's commentary on
- 0:30the whole Bible. If you grew up in a certain kind
- 0:33of church, probably one with a lot of wood paneling and a
- 0:37hymnal rack, you know this name. It was that set of books on your
- 0:41grandfather's shelf, the one you were afraid to touch.
- 0:44Right, because the binding would crack if you just looked at it
- 0:47wrong. Exactly.
- 0:48That's a fair description, but Matthew Henry is a giant for a
- 0:51reason. I mean, he was writing in the
- 0:53early 1700s, and he really represents a high point of
- 0:56English nonconformist thought. So what makes him so special?
- 1:00Why are we using him today? Well, what makes Henry so
- 1:02distinct is that he isn't just a grammarian.
- 1:05You know there are commentators who will parse a Hebrew verb for
- 1:09three pages and never tell you what the verse means for your
- 1:12soul, right? Henry is different.
- 1:15He's pastoral. He wants to get the text into
- 1:17your bloodstream. Which is exactly what we need
- 1:20for the text we're tackling today, Psalm 8.
- 1:22It's a famous one. Oh yeah.
- 1:23O Lord our Lord, how excellent is Thy name?
- 1:26Most of us can probably hum A chorus to that.
- 1:28But Henry, he calls this Psalm A solemn meditation.
- 1:33And that word solemn, It just stuck out to me.
- 1:36It suggests this isn't just some happy little nature poem.
- 1:39No, it is not. And the mission of this deep
- 1:41dive really is to understand how a song written 3000 years ago
- 1:45connects the absolute, almost terrifying glory of God with the
- 1:49fragile dignity of humanity. And because we are reading thing
- 1:52as Christians, we have to see how the New Testament completely
- 1:56reconfigures the Psalm around the person of Jesus Christ.
- 1:59OK so before we even get to the excellent name in verse one, I
- 2:03want to stop at the part everyone skips the title.
- 2:05The superscription, yeah. My Bible says to the chief
- 2:08musician upon Giddeth a Psalm of David.
- 2:12Now usually my eyes just glaze over that part.
- 2:14It's like the terms and conditions on a website.
- 2:16You just Scroll down just. Scroll down to get to the
- 2:17content. But Henry stops there.
- 2:19He camps out there. So what does it get if?
- 2:22It is a strange word, isn't it? And honestly, nobody is 100%
- 2:26sure. But Henry being the thorough
- 2:30scholar he is, he gives us the options, and the options they
- 2:34actually change how you read the whole Psalm.
- 2:36OK, the most, let's say boring answer, and probably the
- 2:39historically accurate 1 is that it refers to a musical
- 2:43instrument. A Geteth instrument like a
- 2:45guitar or a zitter. Something like that, or maybe a
- 2:47specific tune that was popular at the time.
- 2:50Sing this to the tune of Geteth. Henry notes that the word likely
- 2:54comes from Gath, which was a philistine city.
- 2:56Oh OK. So it might be a style of music
- 2:58they borrowed from their neighbors.
- 2:59So Psalm 8 sung to a Philistine folk tune.
- 3:03That's theory A. Yeah, but Henry has a theory B.
- 3:06And this is where my ears perked up, right?
- 3:08He suggests the Gittite might refer to a specific person.
- 3:12Exactly. Gittite is the demonym for
- 3:14someone from Gath. And who is the most famous or
- 3:17maybe infamous Gittite in the Old Testament?
- 3:20Eliath. Goliath of Gath.
- 3:22So Henry entertains this fascinating possibility.
- 3:25What if David wrote this Psalm immediately after killing
- 3:28Goliath in First Samuel 17? That is a wild thought you have,
- 3:32David, this shepherd boy standing over the headless body
- 3:35of a giant, wiping off his sling.
- 3:38And then he writes, Oh Lord, how excellent is thy name?
- 3:40It creates a very specific theological context.
- 3:43If that theory holds, and even if it doesn't, Henry says it's a
- 3:46useful meditation, then this isn't just a nature poem
- 3:49anymore. It becomes a song about the
- 3:51paradox of power. How so?
- 3:53Well, you have Goliath, the pinnacle of human strength,
- 3:56right? Six cubits and a span, bronze
- 3:58armor, a spear like a weavers beam.
- 4:00And he's brought down by what? A kid, a babe, essentially.
- 4:04Precisely. A babe with a rock.
- 4:06It sets the stage perfectly for verse 2.
- 4:08Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings, it frames the whole
- 4:12Psalm as a contrast between the massive, intimidating power of
- 4:16the world, whether that's a giant or the stars themselves,
- 4:20and the strange, ordained strength of the week.
- 4:23But I have to play devil's advocate here for a second,
- 4:25please. If it's a song about killing
- 4:27Goliath, why is it titled Upon Getteth?
- 4:30That sounds like he's dedicating the song to the guy he just
- 4:34killed. You know, to the chief musician
- 4:36regarding the guy I decapitated. Or maybe it's on the Getite, as
- 4:40in here is a song about the Getite incident.
- 4:42But you are right to be skeptical.
- 4:44Henry admits that this title, upon Get It also shows up in
- 4:47Psalm 81 and 84. And those have nothing to do
- 4:49with giants. Nothing at all.
- 4:50They're not about battles, really.
- 4:52So the instrument theory is, you know, it's safer.
- 4:54But Henry doesn't just throw away the Goliath idea, he keeps
- 4:58it there. Why does he do that?
- 4:59Because Henry leaves in the unity of Scripture, he knows
- 5:03that David's life informs David's writing.
- 5:06Even if the specific song wasn't written 5 minutes after the
- 5:09battle, the experience of that battle informs David's theology.
- 5:13I see. David knows better than anyone
- 5:16that God uses the weak things of the world to shame the strong.
- 5:20So whether geteth means a harp or a giant, the theme is the
- 5:23same. God's strength is made perfect
- 5:25in weakness. OK, let's move to the text
- 5:27itself, Verse one. O Lord our Lord, how excellent
- 5:31is thy name in all the earth? Yeah, Henry points out a
- 5:34structural thing here that I thought was pretty clever.
- 5:37He treats the Psalm like a geometry problem.
- 5:39Yes, the QED structure quote era demonstrandum.
- 5:43OK, for those of us who haven't done a math proof since 10th
- 5:45grade, could you break that down?
- 5:47Sure. It just means that which was to
- 5:49be demonstrated. You state a proposition at the
- 5:51beginning, then you do your work, your proofs, and at the
- 5:54end you restate the proposition as a proven conclusion.
- 5:58Yeah, Henry sees that in Psalm 8.
- 5:59He does. He notices that verse one and
- 6:01verse 9 are identical. Yeah, the bookends.
- 6:03Exactly. So verse one is the proposition.
- 6:05God's name is excellent. That's the claim David makes.
- 6:08Then verses 2 through 8 are the proofs.
- 6:10He calls the witnesses to the stand, the babies, the moon, the
- 6:14stars, the sheep, the fish. They all testify.
- 6:18They all testify and then verse 9 is the conclusion.
- 6:20It's David looking at the jury and saying, see, I told you, O
- 6:24Lord, our Lord, how excellent is thy name?
- 6:26I want to drill down on that opening phrase though, O Lord
- 6:29our Lord. It feels a little repetitive in
- 6:31English, but Henry knows that in the Hebrew those are two
- 6:34different words. They are, and the distinction is
- 6:36just vital for a Reformed understanding of who God is.
- 6:39The first Lord is Jehovah or Yahweh.
- 6:42God's personal name. Right.
- 6:44His personal covenant name, the I am.
- 6:46It represents his self existence, his being.
- 6:49And the second Lord. The second is Adonius or Adonai.
- 6:52That means ruler, master, sovereign.
- 6:55So the phrase is actually O Jehovah, our Ruler.
- 6:58Henry focuses heavily on that word our he says we have to
- 7:01avouch him as ours. That's a great old Puritan word
- 7:04to avouch. It means to publicly acknowledge
- 7:07and claim something. Henry's making a deeply
- 7:10covenantal point here. It is not enough to believe that
- 7:13there is a God, some generic Lord, out there in the ether.
- 7:17The devil's believe that, and they tremble.
- 7:20The duty of the creature is to acknowledge a relationship of
- 7:22subjection. So it's personal.
- 7:24It's binding. Henry argues that because God is
- 7:27our creator, he is by default our owner.
- 7:30We are not independent agents floating through the universe.
- 7:33We are property. We are subjects.
- 7:36So to say, oh Lord, our Lord, is to pledge allegiance.
- 7:39It is to say, you made me. You protect me, therefore you
- 7:42own me. And if we don't say that, if we
- 7:45just say, oh Lord, what are we doing, according to Henry?
- 7:49We are stealing. If you live in God's world and
- 7:52you breathe God's air and you eat God's food, but you refuse
- 7:55to acknowledge him as your lawyer, you are essentially
- 7:57squatting on his property. You're enjoying the benefits of
- 8:00the King without submitting to his laws.
- 8:02That stings a little. It does, but let's.
- 8:04Look at the scope of this excellence in all the Earth.
- 8:06Henry sees a missionary prophecy here, doesn't he?
- 8:09He does. And this is where you have to
- 8:10remember the context of the Old Testament.
- 8:13In David's day, was God's name really excellent in all the
- 8:16earth? Not.
- 8:17Really, it was excellent in Jerusalem, maybe in some parts
- 8:20of Judah, but if you went to Babylon or Egypt or Gath.
- 8:23Nobody was praising Jehovah. Now they're praising Marduk or
- 8:27Dagan or someone else. Exactly.
- 8:29The knowledge of the true God was confined to this tiny strip
- 8:32of land in the Middle East in Judah.
- 8:35Is God known? The Psalm say elsewhere, but
- 8:38here David sees something bigger.
- 8:40How excellent is thy name in all the earth?
- 8:43Henry argues This is a prophetic site of the Gospel age.
- 8:46He connects it to Romans 1.20. Right, he does, but he goes
- 8:49beyond just general revelation. I mean, yes, the sun shines on
- 8:53everyone and that proves God exists.
- 8:54That's Romans one. But Henry sees this as the
- 8:57promise that the dividing wall between Jew and Gentile will be
- 9:00broken down. The name of Jehovah, which was a
- 9:03secret treasure of Israel, was going to be published to the
- 9:05nations. So when we sing this song today,
- 9:08we're actually singing the fulfillment of that.
- 9:10We are the very fact that you and I, two people speaking
- 9:14English, a language that didn't even exist in David's time, in a
- 9:17land thousands of miles from Israel, are discussing the name
- 9:20of Jehovah. Well, that proves the prophecy.
- 9:23His name is now excellent in all the earth in a way David could
- 9:26only dream of. But the text goes higher.
- 9:29It says, Who has sent thy glory above the heavens?
- 9:31This is the vertical dimension. We have the horizontal out the
- 9:34earth. Now we have the vertical above
- 9:36the heavens. And Henry draws a really helpful
- 9:38distinction here between the lower world and the upper world.
- 9:41The lower world is us. Earth, right?
- 9:44And here God's name is excellent, meaning it is written
- 9:47on His works. You can see the evidence of it.
- 9:48But in the upper world, the heaven of heavens, his glory is
- 9:52set, it is fixed, it is visible. The angels don't just see the
- 9:56evidence of God, they behold His face.
- 9:58But Henry says even the heavens can't contain him.
- 10:01That is the crucial point. God is not in heaven the way a
- 10:04king is in a castle. He is above the heavens.
- 10:07The container is smaller than the content.
- 10:09This is the immensity of God. He just spills over the edges of
- 10:12the universe. And Henry connects this to the
- 10:15ascension of Jesus, doesn't. He he does, and this is standard
- 10:17operating procedure for Henry, find Jesus in the Psalms.
- 10:21When Christ ascends, where does he go?
- 10:24Ephesians tells us he ascended far above all heavens.
- 10:28So when David sings about God's glory being set above the
- 10:31heavens, Henry sees the God man, Jesus Christ, taking his seat at
- 10:35the right hand of the Father, exalted above every name.
- 10:39OK, let's move to Section 2, verse 2.
- 10:42Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings, hast thou ordained
- 10:45strength because of thine enemies?
- 10:48This is verse. It gets quoted a lot, but
- 10:50usually in a very sentimental way.
- 10:52Like, oh, look how cute the kids are singing in the Christmas
- 10:54pageant. Right.
- 10:55It gets put on greeting cards, but Henry sees this as a warfare
- 10:58text. This is about combat.
- 11:00He breaks this down into 3 kingdoms, the Kingdom of nature,
- 11:03Providence, and grace. Let's walk through those because
- 11:06they really help structure the argument.
- 11:08So first, the Kingdom of nature. Talking about literal babies
- 11:11here. Literal ruling Helpless infants.
- 11:14Henry argues that an infant is one of the greatest proofs of
- 11:18God's existence. Think about it, biologically a
- 11:21human infant is pathetic compared to other animals.
- 11:24Yeah, a fool can walk in an hour.
- 11:26A baby takes a year. Exactly.
- 11:28We are born utterly dependent, and yet we survive, Henry says.
- 11:32Who provides knees to prevent them?
- 11:34Who provides breasts to feed them?
- 11:37The fact that there is a system in place, both biological and
- 11:39social, to keep these helpless things alive is a powerful
- 11:43testimony to a sustainer. And he says it stills the enemy.
- 11:47Who's the enemy in this context? The atheist, the skeptic, Henry
- 11:51says the mere existence of a supported ophant silence is the
- 11:54fool who says there is no God. If we were just random accidents
- 11:58of nature, the sheer brutality of it should have wiped out such
- 12:01a helpless species long, long ago.
- 12:03That he shifts to the Kingdom of Providence.
- 12:05Here, Babes isn't literal anymore, it's metaphorical.
- 12:08Right now he's talking about the weak people of the world, the
- 12:10little guys in God's Providence. He loves to use instruments that
- 12:14seem completely inadequate for the job.
- 12:15Like David against Goliath. Exactly.
- 12:18Or Moses who had a stutter against Pharaoh.
- 12:22Or Gideon with his clay pots. God constantly uses babes,
- 12:26people with no political or military strength, to topple
- 12:29empires. And why?
- 12:31To show that the power belongs to him.
- 12:33To show that the power belongs to him, not the instrument.
- 12:36Which leads us to the big one, the Kingdom of Grace.
- 12:39This is where Henry brings in the apostles.
- 12:41This is the most important application for us.
- 12:44Who did Jesus choose to launch the greatest movement in human
- 12:47history? Did he go to Rome and get the
- 12:48senators? Did he go to Athens and get the
- 12:51philosopher? No, he go to Galilee and get
- 12:52some fishermen. Uneducated, blue collar,
- 12:55backwater nobodies babes. Henry points out that in the
- 12:59eyes of the world, Peter and John were just children.
- 13:02They knew nothing of rhetoric or logic or politics.
- 13:05And yet these babes were given strength to silence the enemy
- 13:08and the avenger. Don't pause on a textual issue
- 13:11here. In Psalm 8, the text says
- 13:13ordained strength. But when Jesus quotes this in
- 13:15Matthew 21.1's team, he says perfected praise.
- 13:19What's going on there? Did Jesus misquote the Bible?
- 13:22That is a classic question. The difference comes from the
- 13:25translation. Jesus was likely using or
- 13:27referencing the Septuagint, which is the Greek translation
- 13:30of the Old Testament. The Hebrew word in Psalm 8 is
- 13:32oz, which means strength or power.
- 13:35The Septuagint translated that as inos or praise.
- 13:39So which is it? Is it strength or is it praise?
- 13:42Well, Henry argues, it's both. Or rather, that the praise is
- 13:47the strength. How does the babe defeat the
- 13:49enemy? Not by punching him, but by
- 13:51praising God. The proclamation of the gospel,
- 13:54which is the praise of God's grace, is the strength that
- 13:57topples Satan's Kingdom. That connects to the Jericho
- 14:00story Henry mentions. Yes.
- 14:01How did the walls of Jericho fall?
- 14:03Not by battering Rams, by ram's horns, by shouting, by a kind of
- 14:07liturgy of noise. It was the praise of the people
- 14:09that acted as the strength of God.
- 14:11It's the foolishness of preaching that Paul talks about
- 14:13in First Corinthians. And the Avenger mentioned the
- 14:15verse. Henry is pretty clear on who
- 14:17that is. Oh yeah.
- 14:18It's the devil. Satan is the accuser.
- 14:21The Hebrew word implies someone seeking vengeance or
- 14:23retribution, and the Gospel silences him.
- 14:26This is a beautiful legal image. Satan is in the courtroom
- 14:30accusing us of our sins. He's the avenger of blood,
- 14:32demanding justice. And who silences him?
- 14:35Not a high-powered defense attorney, but babes simple
- 14:39believers confessing Christ When a child of God says Jesus died
- 14:43for me, that simple praise has the strength to shut the mouth
- 14:47of the accuser. The strength of the godable is
- 14:49perfect in the weakness of the believer.
- 14:52I love that it really takes the pressure off us to be the
- 14:54smartest person in the room. We just have to be faithful
- 14:57babes. Right, we don't need to out
- 14:58argue the devil with logic, we out praise him with truth.
- 15:01OK, let's transition to Section 3.
- 15:03We're leaving the nursery and we're going outside.
- 15:05Verses 3 and 4 When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy
- 15:09fingers, the moon, and the stars, which thou hast ordained.
- 15:14Henry points out a detail here that just sets the scene so
- 15:16beautifully. David mentions the moon and
- 15:18stars, but not the sun. So it's night time.
- 15:21It's a night meditation, Henry suggests.
- 15:24David was taking a night walk. Maybe he was on the roof of the
- 15:27palace, or maybe he was back in his shepherding days.
- 15:30And Henry makes this poetic observation.
- 15:32The sun, in all its brightness, actually hides the universe from
- 15:36us. That's so true.
- 15:38When the sun is out, you see the Earth very well, but you can't
- 15:41see the Galaxy. Right.
- 15:43The light of the world obscures the light of the cosmos.
- 15:46It's only in the darkness that the true vastness of God's
- 15:49creation becomes visible. And there's a spiritual lesson
- 15:52there, you know, about suffering and darkness, revealing things
- 15:54about God that comfort cannot. The text says when I consider
- 15:59that implies effort. It does.
- 16:01The Hebrew word implies a mental weighing, a construction.
- 16:04It's not just glancing up. A dog can look at the sky.
- 16:07A human must contemplate the sky, Henry says.
- 16:10It is our duty to make use of our reason.
- 16:12We should look at the stars and do the theology.
- 16:14Who made this? How big is he?
- 16:16What does this say about me? I want to ask about the fingers
- 16:19versus arm distinction. The text says the heavens of the
- 16:22work of God's fingers. This is one of my favorite
- 16:25Puritan distinctions in Scripture.
- 16:27When God delivers his people from Egypt, or when He redeems
- 16:30sinners, the Bible uses the language of His right hand or
- 16:34His outstretched arm. The arm of the Lord.
- 16:35Right. It implies exertion, strength,
- 16:37force, but here creating the entire cosmos, billions of
- 16:41galaxies, stars, massive beyond comprehension.
- 16:44David calls that finger work. Like knitting?
- 16:46Or playing a harp. Or doing fine embroidery.
- 16:49The implication is twofold. First, it shows the delicate
- 16:53skill of God. The universe is fine-tuned.
- 16:55But second, and more importantly, it shows the ease
- 16:58of God. Flinging a Galaxy into existence
- 17:01didn't make God break a sweat. It was just a flick of the
- 17:04finger. But saving a soul?
- 17:06Now that took the arm. It suggests that redemption is a
- 17:08more strenuous work of God than creation.
- 17:11To make a star, God simply speaks.
- 17:13To save a Sinner, God must suffer.
- 17:16He must bear his holy arm. He must enter into the conflict.
- 17:19It cost God nothing to make the moon.
- 17:21It cost him his son to save the Church.
- 17:23Wow, so David looks at this massive easy to make universe
- 17:26and he has a crisis verse 4. What is man that the our mindful
- 17:31of him? It's the crisis of significance.
- 17:33We've all felt this. You stand by the ocean or you
- 17:36look at the Milky Way and you feel microscopic.
- 17:38You feel like dust. And the word for man here is
- 17:41specific, isn't it? Yes, there are several words for
- 17:44man in Hebrew. Adam means man from the earth,
- 17:46Ish means man as a male or husband.
- 17:48But here David uses Enosh. Which means.
- 17:51Frail man, mortal man, sickly man.
- 17:55It carries this connotation of weakness and misery.
- 17:57David isn't saying, wow, look at us, we are so cool.
- 18:00He's saying look at that massive star, Now look at me.
- 18:03I am a sickly, dying piece of dust.
- 18:05Why do you even know my name? There thou art mindful of him.
- 18:08To be mindful means to keep someone in your thoughts.
- 18:11David is just stunned that the Architect of the Universe has
- 18:14space in his mind for Enosh. But then he adds, and the Son of
- 18:17man, that thou visitest him. That word visit is key.
- 18:21It's not just watching us like some cosmic experiment.
- 18:24God doesn't just observe us from a distance.
- 18:26To visit implies relationship interaction.
- 18:30Henry compares it to how we treat animals versus people.
- 18:33Exactly. You feed your cattle, you take
- 18:35care of your dog, but you don't visit them.
- 18:37You don't pull up a chair and ask the cow how it's day was.
- 18:41Visiting is an act of friendship.
- 18:43It implies a level of peerage or at least a condescension to
- 18:45interact. David is asking why does the God
- 18:49of the stars want to have a conversation with the worm of
- 18:52the earth? And yet, despite being worms,
- 18:55there is a dignity. Henry mentions the physical
- 18:58posture of man. Yes, he quotes Ovid, the Roman
- 19:01poet OS Hominy sublime dead it he gave man a sublime
- 19:05countenance. Meaning we stand up straight.
- 19:08It's a classic argument from natural theology.
- 19:11Animals look down. Their heads are oriented toward
- 19:13the ground because that's where their food is.
- 19:15They are earthbound. But humans are vertical.
- 19:18Our heads are on top of our bodies.
- 19:19Our eyes look forward and up. We are physically designed to
- 19:22gaze at the heavens. So even our spine is a
- 19:25theological statement. It is.
- 19:27We are built to commune with the upper world, not just the lower
- 19:29world. To live only for food and sex
- 19:31and earthly things is to deny our own anatomy.
- 19:34This leads. Us into the paradox of our
- 19:36position. Section 4.
- 19:38For thou hast made him a little lower than the angels.
- 19:41This is the hierarchy of being. God is at the top.
- 19:44Angels are next, then humans, then beasts.
- 19:48Henry explains that we are lower than angels because we have
- 19:50bodies. We get tired, we get hungry, we
- 19:52die. We are allied to the dust.
- 19:55But we are only a little lower. Because like the angels, we have
- 19:59rational immortal souls. We can know God.
- 20:01A dog cannot know God in a rational sense.
- 20:04An Angel can. We share that spiritual
- 20:06capacity. So we're kind of the bridge
- 20:09species. We are the link between the dirt
- 20:11and the divine. And Henry adds A hopeful note
- 20:13about the little while. He does.
- 20:15He references the New Testament hope that in the resurrection we
- 20:18become Isangeloi equal to the angels.
- 20:20The lower status is temporary. One day we will look Gabriel in
- 20:24the eye as a peer. Verse 5 says we are crowned with
- 20:27glory and honor and re identifies this crown
- 20:30specifically. He calls reason our crown, the
- 20:33ability to think, to plan, to understand cause and effect, to
- 20:36worship. That is the crown God put on
- 20:38Adam's head. And he has a warning about
- 20:40losing the crown. It's a stern warning.
- 20:42If reason is your crown, then when you act irrationally, when
- 20:46you are driven by just your appetites, your lust, your
- 20:49anger, you are taking the crown off your head and throwing it in
- 20:51the mud. You are debasing yourself to the
- 20:54level of a beast. A drunkard, Henry would say, has
- 20:57abdicated his throne. Speaking of Thrones, verse 6
- 21:00gives us the charter of dominion.
- 21:02Thou made his Tim to have dominion over the works of thy
- 21:05hands. This goes right back to Genesis
- 21:071, the cultural mandate. God created the world, but he
- 21:11put man in charge of it as his vice Regent.
- 21:14The list of subjects is so detailed Sheep, oxen, beasts of
- 21:18the field, fowl of the air, fish of the sea.
- 21:21Henry loves the details here. He notes that this covers 3
- 21:23spheres. The domestic sphere, you know,
- 21:25sheep and oxen, animals we use for labor and food, The wild
- 21:28sphere, beasts of the field, animals we hunt or tame.
- 21:31And then the elusive sphere, the birds and fish.
- 21:34I really liked his point about the paths of the Seas.
- 21:37It's a great observation about human technology.
- 21:39I mean, think about it. Humans are not aquatic.
- 21:40We drown and water, we can't fly, and yet verse 8 says we
- 21:43have dominion over the fish and the birds.
- 21:45We build boats, we make Nets. Exactly.
- 21:48We use our crown, which is reason to extend our dominion
- 21:52into elements where we don't naturally belong.
- 21:54Henry sees the art of navigation, of fishing, of
- 21:58shipbuilding as a theological act.
- 22:00When a sailor charts a course across the path of the Seas, he
- 22:03is fulfilling Psalm 8. So technology is a fulfillment
- 22:06of scripture. In the Reformed worldview,
- 22:08absolutely. Science, agriculture,
- 22:11engineering, This Is Us exercising the dominion God gave
- 22:15us. We're taking the raw materials
- 22:17of God's world and ordering them.
- 22:19Henry also makes this very practical at the dinner table.
- 22:21I love this point, he says. Every time you eat a piece of
- 22:24meat, whether it's a burger or a roasted chicken, you are
- 22:27exercising this ancient charter. You are holding a document from
- 22:30the king that says you have authority over this creature.
- 22:33It should add a weight of gratitude to our grace before
- 22:36meals we're eating by royal decree.
- 22:38OK, stop right there because if we end the discussion now, we
- 22:40have a very nice human centric message.
- 22:44Humans are great. We rule the world past the steak
- 22:46sauce, but we are reformed thinking we know there is a
- 22:50problem with this picture. The problem is obvious if you
- 22:53just look out the window. Do we see all things under our
- 22:56feet? No, not at all.
- 22:58We see viruses killing us. We see lions eating people.
- 23:01We we see the ground producing thorns.
- 23:04We see hurricanes destroying our ships on the paths of the Seas.
- 23:08Exactly. The crown is crooked.
- 23:10Adam fell, the covenant of works was broken.
- 23:13We were given to dominion, but we join the rebellion.
- 23:16So now the creation groans. The beasts fear us or fight us.
- 23:21The earth fights back. If Psalm 8 is just about Adam,
- 23:25it's a depressing song about what we lost.
- 23:27And this brings us to Section 5, the Christological fulfillment.
- 23:31This is the pivot point we have to bring in the New Testament.
- 23:33Specifically Hebrews chapter 2. The author of Hebrews quotes
- 23:37this Psalm at length and his argument is fascinating.
- 23:40He basically says, look, the Psalm says man has dominion over
- 23:43everything. We look around and we don't see
- 23:45everything subject to him yet. So there's a gap between the
- 23:48promise and the reality. Right.
- 23:50But then he says, But we see Jesus.
- 23:51That's the key. But we see Jesus.
- 23:54The argument is that Jesus is the true human.
- 23:56He is the second Adam. Where the first Adam failed and
- 24:00lost the crown, the second Adam succeeded and regained it.
- 24:03OK. Let's trace the parallel the
- 24:04Psalm says made a little lower than the angels.
- 24:08For us, that's just our nature. But for Jesus that was a choice.
- 24:12That was his humiliation. The eternal Son of God, who is
- 24:16infinitely above angels, voluntarily stooped down.
- 24:19He took on flesh, and Hebrews says he did this for the
- 24:23suffering of death. And the Psalm says, crowned with
- 24:25glory and honor. For Jesus, that is his
- 24:28exaltation. Because he obeyed perfectly,
- 24:31because he suffered death, God raised him up.
- 24:33The resurrection and ascension are the moment Jesus puts the
- 24:36crown of dominion back on the head of humanity.
- 24:39I want to circle back to that word visit again when you talked
- 24:42about it as a friendly chat earlier.
- 24:44But Henry brings out a darker, deeper a theological meaning
- 24:47when we apply it to Christ. This is deep waters in the
- 24:50Bible. When God visits, it can mean two
- 24:52things. He can visit to bless, like
- 24:54visiting Sarah with a child, or he can visit to punish.
- 24:58I will visit their iniquities upon them.
- 25:00The visit of Wrath. Right, Henry suggests a powerful
- 25:04exchange here. The question What is man that
- 25:07thou visitest him? Takes on a terrifying meaning at
- 25:11the cross. Why did God visit Jesus?
- 25:15He visited him with judgement. He visited him with the rod,
- 25:18with the stripes, with the full cup of wrath.
- 25:22God the Father visited God the Son with the punishment due to
- 25:26the first Adam so that he could visit us with grace.
- 25:29Jesus took the visit of wrath so we could get the visit of mercy.
- 25:32That completely changes the tone of the Psalm.
- 25:34It's not just wow I'm special, it's wow he was crushed.
- 25:37So I could be special. Exactly.
- 25:38The dignity we have now isn't inherent.
- 25:40It's purchased. So does Jesus have this dominion
- 25:43now, or are we still waiting? It's the classic already, not
- 25:46yet of theology. He is crowned, he is seated.
- 25:49All authority in heaven and earth has been given to him.
- 25:52And Henry gives examples of this from Jesus life.
- 25:54He does think about the miracles.
- 25:56When Jesus calms the storm, what is he doing?
- 25:59He is exercising dominion over the works of God's hands, the
- 26:02wind and the waves, when he rides the unbroken colt dominion
- 26:06over the beasts. My favorite is the fish with the
- 26:08coin. Mine too.
- 26:09It's so specific to Psalm 8. The Psalm mentions dominion over
- 26:12the fish of the sea. Jesus needs to pay a tax.
- 26:16He tells Peter to cast a hook. Not a net, a hook.
- 26:20And the first fish he catches has a stator coin in its mouth.
- 26:23That is absolute micromanagement of the universe.
- 26:25It is sovereign control over the paths of the Seas.
- 26:29Jesus was showing us. Look, I am the man of Psalm 8.
- 26:33The creation obeys me. So what does that mean for us
- 26:35now? If Jesus has the dominion, do we
- 26:37get it back? We do in Him.
- 26:40This is the beauty of federal headship.
- 26:41Because we are in Christ, we reign with Him.
- 26:44The Church is now the vice region of the world.
- 26:46Again. We don't reign with swords and
- 26:48Chariots. We reign through service,
- 26:51through the gospel, through stewardship of the earth.
- 26:53We are kings in training. As we wrap up this deep dive,
- 26:56let's try to summarize the flow because we've covered a lot of
- 26:59ground. We started with the giddeth, the
- 27:01idea of strength coming from weakness, like David versus
- 27:04Goliath. We looked at the structure, the
- 27:06QED of God's glory. We saw the babes, how God uses
- 27:10the weak things and the praise of His people to silence the
- 27:12enemy. Then we went to the observatory.
- 27:14We saw the glory of the stars and the finger work of creation.
- 27:18We felt the smallness of Enosh. Frail.
- 27:21Man, Then we saw the crown. The dignity of reason.
- 27:24The charter of dominion over the animals.
- 27:26The technology of ships and farming.
- 27:28And finally, the true King. The second Adam, Jesus, who
- 27:33stooped lower than angels to die and rose higher than heavens to
- 27:36rule, and who now invites us to share his rule.
- 27:39The excellent name of verse 9 is ultimately the name of Jesus.
- 27:43It is the name above every name. Before we go, I want to leave
- 27:46you with one final thought. Henry has this little
- 27:48provocation near the end of his commentary.
- 27:50It's a question that has been bugging me all week.
- 27:52It's a haunting question that has to do with the animals.
- 27:54Right. We established that the animals
- 27:56submit to us. The ox knows his owner, the dog
- 27:59obeys the master. You can train a horse to run
- 28:02into battle. They keep the law of their
- 28:04nature. They submit to the dominion God
- 28:06placed over them. So here's the question.
- 28:09If the beast which has no reason, no soul, and no Bible,
- 28:13submits to its master, what does it say about us?
- 28:17We who have the crown of reason, we who have the Bible, we who
- 28:22have the gospel, if we refuse to submit to our Master.
- 28:26If the dog obeys the man, but the man rebels against God.
- 28:30Then the man is more irrational than the beast.
- 28:33The Sinner is a monster. We have become less than the
- 28:35animals. The ox is fulfilling its
- 28:37purpose. The rebellious Sinner is
- 28:39violating his. That is a heavy thought.
- 28:42The faithfulness of your dog is a judgment on your prayer life.
- 28:45It is indeed We are called to be our Lords.
- 28:48We must own the relationship, just as the ox owns his master.
- 28:52Well, on that cheerful but challenging note, we are going
- 28:55to close the book for today. We hope this deep dive into
- 28:57Psalm 8 has helped you see the stars and the Savior a little
- 29:01differently. Keep looking up, consider the
- 29:03heavens, and remember the Son of Man.
- 29:05This has been reformed thinking. Until next time.