Latest / Chatting with The Experts with Paula Okonneh / Empowering Women in Agriculture

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Empowering Women in Agriculture · Chatting with The Experts with Paula Okonneh

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Hello, everyone, and welcome to another episode of chatting with the experts.
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with Paula Okonneh, that's me, as your host.
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Every week I bring to you amazing, I love that word amazing, I bring
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to you professional women business women from Africa, from the Caribbean,
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and in the African diaspora.
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And what they do with you is to share with you their expertise, so that at the end
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of the show, the mission is accomplished.
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And what's that mission?
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Our mission is to educate, empower, and inspire women globally.
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Every week we've been able to do that.
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I've also made some exceptions because we've had some men and join us and
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they have also shared the same mission and done exactly the same thing.
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Today, we are going to be talking about the roots of innovation,
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African diaspora women in agriculture.
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And with me to do that would be Martha Haile.
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But before we, I will bring her onto the show, I'll tell you a bit about her.
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She is an entrepreneur with a business background in the agricultural
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technology sector, and she has held key leadership roles in prominent Ag-tech
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startups and has spent the past decade living in Kenya and Nigeria while
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working across Sub-Saharan Africa.
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I know I haven't said a lot about her, but I'll let her do that.
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And so with that, I want to welcome Martha Haile to the show.
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Thank you.
1:39
Hey, Paula.
1:39
Hey, everybody.
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Welcome to the show.
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And I didn't say that much about you because I always like my guests to
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talk a little bit about themselves.
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I know you're a company and I'm, how do we pronounce it?
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Abze?
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Abze.
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Yes.
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Yes.
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Abze is a media and events company that is dedicated to amplifying the
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stories, innovations and visionaries, which transforms African food system.
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So we're going to be talking about all of that today.
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So welcome, welcome.
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And thank you for saying yes to being on the show.
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Well, thank you.
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Thank you so much for having me today.
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It's a pleasure to be here.
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So, yes, my name is Martha Haile.
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I am the founder and CEO of Abze which is a digital media and events company,
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as you mentioned, .We are focused on really amplifying, as you mentioned,
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the amplifying the stories of the visionaries and All the good things
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that are happening within and across the food system in Africa, and I just
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recently actually launched the company and the vision really is to center Africa
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in this global food system discussion.
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A lot is happening within the food and agricultural sector, and I would
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like to support the transformation of what this food system looks like.
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And I want to center African voices.
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And not just our voices, but the innovations that we are, that are
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taking place across the continent that I think can actually support the forward
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movement of the food system globally.
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To be honest, Africa can actually feed the world.
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And so we want to be able to tell the stories of that.
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And I know we'll get into some of that today.
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Absolutely.
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So I know you're a co founder of Hello Tractor.
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Yes.
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Tell us about that.
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I love that name.
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Yes, I came up with the name a long time ago.
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We thank you.
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Yes, I co founded Hello Tractor, which is a digital platform with
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the goal of connecting smallholder farmers to mechanization.
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So it's actually a hardware and software solution to bridge the gap between
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smallholder farmers and tractors and mechanization to fast track production
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within smallholder farming communities.
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So what that basically means is that across Africa, many farmers
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today are still using hoes, they're still using their hands to actually
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produce their land, and it's hard.
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It's backbreaking work, and more and more people are moving away
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from the agricultural sector because it's just very hard.
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And to be honest, it doesn't reap a lot of benefits.
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Incomes are quite low within farmer populations.
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And so many years ago, we came up with this idea of having a sharing economy
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type of business model that allows tractor owners to share their assets, essentially
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rent out their tractor assets to farmers.
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And so many people might call us like an uber of tractors, which is an easier
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way to understand the business model.
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It's really about bringing together the demand and the supply side
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of that part of the agricultural production particularly in Africa.
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We've started in Africa.
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And we started in 2014 and we just passed our 10 year mark this past
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June, which is very exciting for us.
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And last year, we actually reached over a million people, a million farmers across
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Africa with mechanization services.
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Oh, that's impressive.
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So you may reach the million farmers.
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Is it sub-Saharan Africa or all of Africa?
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Right now, we primarily focus on sub-Saharan Africa.
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The company is and has looked at North Africa has looked at
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Southeast Asia in addition, and we had a pilot many years ago.
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We had a pilot in Bangladesh.
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We actually do have some customers in Pakistan as well.
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So yes, we actually are in both sub-Saharan Africa and in Asia as well.
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One day, actually, we're even represented in the Caribbean as well.
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And so, yeah, this is a solution that can go around the world.
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All right.
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So you came up with the name Hello Tractor and you said
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it's like an Uber of tractors.
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I really like that because as you mentioned, a lot of farmers, and let's
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talk about sub-Saharan Africa are really limited because of a lack of equipment.
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And so you have gone and partnered with them, I'm assuming, or
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partnered with companies that are able to subsidize the work.
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How does that quite work?
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Yes.
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So what we did was we have a hardware unit that gets retrofitted onto tractors.
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And so similar to cars within an uber system, they have GPS
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tracking devices within, you know, on the phones as an example.
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So you know where the cars are at all time.
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And for us, the data that's emanating off of the tractors, Is very important
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for tractor owner, so they're able to tell where their tractors are at
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any time of the day, which operator is attached to their tractor.
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What's the fuel level?
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What's the service that they've rendered that day?
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And this is all really important data.
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Right.
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So as much as we're a tech company, data is also really critical for Hello
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Tractor's business model as well, because all of that data that's coming
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from the tractor and from the farm itself is helping the tractor owner
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understand, okay, am I using my tractors?
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Are they utilized at 100 percent or am I only using them half the
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time that I can actually use them?
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Because if I increased the tractors usage, I can make more money.
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I can reach more farmers.
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So, on the tractor owner side, the supply side, it's, it makes
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business sense for them to utilize their tractors at 100%, right?
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And to have eyes on that tractor and to ensure that they understand
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really the health of the tractor, but also the profit that they're getting
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from each of the tractors that they have deployed across the market.
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And then we have a marketplace, right?
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And so we have booking agents who go out into farming
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communities with a mobile phone.
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And they go to farming communities and they say, Hey, you know, farmers,
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would you like mechanization services?
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I'm representing Hello Tractor.
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We can input your data here with your mechanization needs and that
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demand request is then matched with the supply of the tractor
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in their local geographic area.
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And so then we're able to match demand to supply.
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And so we work with, and when I say we, I'm no longer at the company, but
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of course, I'm still always part of Hello Tractor since I'm a co founder.
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But Hello Tractor works with a variety of partners, whether it's
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tractor manufacturers, or it can be government, local government.
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Obviously, farmers and tractor owners and booking agents are also key to this model.
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You have multilaterals, you have venture funds and investors
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of different varieties.
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So there's a wide array.
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Of partners that Hello Tractor has to be able to have this
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type of growth and scale.
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The company is in over 20 countries and to reach over a
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million farmers with an expensive asset like a tractor is not easy.
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So yes, they work with many different partners.
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Phenomenal.
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I love it.
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Okay.
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Now you mentioned that you're a co founder, but you're no
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longer as actively involved.
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And I know that reading your bio and speaking with you off camera
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some time back you mentioned that you were the vice president of
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WeFarm, the business that we found.
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Yeah.
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And because you mentioned the word we, when you said we, and then you
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said, well, I'm no longer there.
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It jogged my memory about WeFarm.
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Yeah.
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Yeah, so tell me more about WeFarm.
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I mean, you're no longer with them, but I know it has to do with
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agriculture, and I know that's what we're basically talking about today.
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Yeah, so I was at Hello Tractor for about just under five years, and we
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were very heavy on the supply side, really understanding the supply side.
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When I went to WeFarm, my interest was on the demand side.
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So WeFarm was a company that it has shut down in 2022.
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But it was a company that was focused on aggregating farmers in a digital way.
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So with creating a digital community of farmers.
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And at one point, there was over 3 million farmers aggregated on the platform.
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And I was really interested in how do you have all these farmers in one area?
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Because and not to get too technical, but on the supply side for agricultural
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companies that are deploying products and services to farmers in Africa.
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Unfortunately, you know, we are very challenged by the
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fragmentation of farmers.
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Many farmers have lands they produce on and
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they're scattered across different geographic areas, whether it's a country,
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you know, region they're scattered everywhere so to actually reach the
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last mile with an agricultural products or service, it can be very expensive.
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And so, something that really helps agricultural companies be successful and
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be able to scale is when you bring and when you cluster farmers together, right?
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Because it makes more sense to sell if you have a thousand farmers in one area,
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rather than going to an area that might only have ten farmers, and then you may
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have to go a hundred miles somewhere else to then reach the next ten farmers.
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Unfortunately that company shut down, but for me, both of those experiences,
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co founding Hello Tractor and then joining Wefarm that lasted about nine
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years, you know, and it was quite amazing, about eight and a half years.
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And these two startups were really my entry point into startup land.
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I was never in startups.
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I never wanted to be an entrepreneur per se, it was never a goal of mine.
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And I didn't even work in agriculture.
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I didn't even work in Africa before Hello Tractor in 2015.
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So really, like 2015 was my journey into agriculture, into
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startups, into working in Africa.
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So at this point now, it's been just about 10 years of kind of working
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within this space and sector.
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And it's been incredible.
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A lot of learned lessons.
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What kind of lessons I can just imagine, especially, you know, let's be very
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frank, Africa, that's our culture.
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We tend to be more of a male-dominated society and now
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you're going in as a woman.
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How does that work?
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You know, women in the agricultural sector.
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Yeah, it's, well, you know, I think there's about 500 million smallholder
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farmers across Africa, right?
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It's still the dominant industry, meaning that most of African labor
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is working within agriculture.
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And depending on which country you're in across the continent, 40 to 60 percent
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of those farmers are actually women.
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So in one arena, it's, you know, I'm not on my own.
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There's actually a lot of women.
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That are within agriculture work within agriculture.
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But now, when you look at what are the different roles and positions and
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where are women actually working, then you start to see how women tend to...
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I don't want to use the term pigeonholed, but they tend to, exist or work in
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specific areas within agriculture and so for me and technology or me and startup
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and being in a leadership position kind of across different companies.
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Yes.
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You then start to enter into a more male-dominated kind of industry,
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and I think this is true across many different industries around
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the world, but I will say that for me, I feel like I've always kind of
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operated on the outside in some way.
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Like my family is Eritrean, but.
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They're refugees and political asylees, and they settled in
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Rochester, New York, when I was born, right, in Rochester, New York.
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So already kind of this diaspora kid, you know, you're always slightly
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different, you know, so I've always kind of operated slightly on the outside.
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I've never been like, within a group of people where like, yes,
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I'm 100 percent just like this group of people that I'm around.
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So it's not...
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yes I've, you know, I experienced challenges and plenty of stories
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that I can share offline, maybe on a separate show.
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I could share those, but like, it's, you know, it's, I feel like for
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many women, especially within the African diaspora, it's something
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you just have to get used to.
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Right.
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And you have to leverage a lot of skills, whether it's resilience, whether
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it's, you know, speaking across kind of different types of communities and
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different audiences, I almost feel like growing up, providing me with
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my foundation and my base to be able to work in a male dominated industry,
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because I've always been on the outside.
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I've always been something different.
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And I've always had to then navigate the different situations, whether it's
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school, whether it's all the different work experience that I've had to be able
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to achieve what I wanted to achieve.
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Right.
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I want to do my best.
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I want to bring value to any company that I'm in and any team that I'm on.
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And so it's something that I feel like I've just learned over time.
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I certainly understand that.
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My children told me that about being different, being on the outside.
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But you know, in fact a few hours ago, I was just speaking to someone about that.
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My parents were from two different parts of the world.
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And because of that, we lived in different countries.
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And as a kid, I didn't like it.
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You know, it always felt that I was trying to fit in.
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But as an adult, I realized that there was a plus to it.
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Oh yeah.
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The plus is that I can live anywhere now.
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I see that people are people irrespective of where they are, what
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they look like people, you know, so,
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Absolutely.
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To be honest.
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And for me, I almost feel like it's a superpower.
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Right.
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So, something that is very it's like one of my, it's so core
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to my being like inclusion.
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So when I'm ever in any environment, I oftentimes think about who's being
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left out, who is not, you know, how are we not creating the right type
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of space for all of the different voices and different personalities.
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And I just, I don't even like situations or environments where
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people are trying to close it off.
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You know, like you can't sit with us or this is so exclusive for me.
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I love transparency and this is actually one reason with even with digital
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media, why I'm going into it, being able to leverage data and to leverage the
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internet, to be able to expose millions of people to the type of information and the
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stories that they need to be successful to me is not only key for agriculture, but it
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speaks a lot to I think this experience of always feeling kind of left out, right?
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Be transparent, like everybody deserves access to all of the
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different opportunities out there.
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And the more transparent we are with the right type of data, then you're
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going to be able to provide a pathway for people to be more successful.
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That's what I believe.
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And you're right.
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And you know, data is so important these days because it shows us
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patterns, like we say, the numbers don't lie, data doesn't lie.
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And it shows you so much of, you know, what's going on, what's not
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even spoken, but it's actually there.
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So, still on the topic of agriculture, you know, there's the misconception of
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when we hear of Africa, these days, you know, growing up in my days, they would
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always show such terrible pictures, you know, flies in children's noses.
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They would never show you or the media never showed you the
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positive sides of Africa because there's so much that isn't known.
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And when you don't know what you don't know, you're really not knowledgeable.
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I don't want to say ignorant.
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So, you know, so come back to Africa, there's a, we hear a
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lot about food insecurities.
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And because you're in that field, how and what is being done to
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you know, provide food security?
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What type of sustainable agricultural development is being put into place to
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provide food security for our people?
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There's a lot that's there's a lot of innovation that's happening.
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I think we're in a we're in a fascinating time, right?
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Things are moving so fast.
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You have AI, I was just listening to a podcast about how fast
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generative AI is moving tech and just the whole world, right?
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And it's You know, not all of it is penetrating in the agricultural sector in
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Africa, per se, but a lot of it is right.
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And so you have a lot of consideration for kind of climate smart agriculture,
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meaning soil preservation, right?
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Like, how do we regenerate our soils?
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They're depleted, right?
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Of the nutrients that they need to be able to grow quality crops.
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the yields that can actually be to support the feeding the
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continent and feeding the world.
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Right.
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So there's a lot of work being done around soil health.
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And when I say a lot is being done around it.
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I mean, like money flows as well, right?
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So it's not just we're talking about it.
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It's that more and more kind of climate financing, regenerative kind of soil
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health financing is taking place.
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Conservation agriculture is taking place as well.
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So it's I think that we're moving in the right direction because you
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know, I think overall, the global food system is at an inflection point.
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By 2050, this is something we talk about a lot within the, in the
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sector is that 2050, there is going to be a massive population boom.
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I mean, by 2050, our continent of about, I think, 1.
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1 billion, it's going to be 2 billion.
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Right.
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And that's in less than 30 years, almost a billion extra people.
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So how do we feed a billion extra people on the continent, right?
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And part of that is looking at more sustainable methods of agricultural
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production, because not only is it good for the planet when we Improve the
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way that we are producing our foods, but it's also good for the outcome, i.
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e.
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like crops are just going to be better.
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They're going to be able to grow more crops if we think a little bit.
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And if we kind of change our production patterns but what has to happen,
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though, is Information has to flow down.
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It has to, we have to provide a little bit more democratic access to the types of
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information around agricultural production that will help not only the financing, but
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people actually change what they're doing.
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Right?
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Because many farmers, you know, they'll mention, well, we've been
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doing it this way for generations.
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Right?
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And so we're just going to continue.
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Yeah, and we're just going to continue and part of that I get there's
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things are changing all the time.
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Like, you have to do this.
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And then a year later no, no change it completely.
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Now you have to, you know, produce it this way and, you know, farmers
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and I think it's just true pretty globally, but farmers are not
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the richest people on earth.
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Unfortunately, there's a big issue when it comes to farmer income.
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And not just in Africa.
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So, for farmers to take a risk to change the methods that
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they are using for production.
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That's a big risk, right?
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And, so they, we have to prove to them why they should do that risk.
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So, It's not just on the farmer.
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It's around the whole ag-ecosystem.
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But guess what?
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Every single person in this world is part of the ag-ecosystem
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because we all consume food.
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And so even the decisions that we make on the types of foods that we want to eat.
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You know, our expectation on how much food should actually cost, where we go
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to eat and how we eat and how we consume, like our decision making is also really
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important when it comes to things like food security and sustainability as well.
21:50
I love that example you gave, you know, that we're all part of this
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business because we all eat food.
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And you know, you said so much, I mean, like, you know, people study demographic,
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at least in the United States.
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And so you go to different areas and you see that the stores are stocked
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differently depending on the demographic.
22:07
That makes sense.
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You know?
22:09
Yep.
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We are all involved in that.
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I'm talking about that.
22:14
I'm sorry.
22:15
Go ahead.
22:16
I said yes.
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I think it's such an important point because we oftentimes just separate
22:21
food from agriculture as if food just appears at the grocery store
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at the restaurant or on your table.
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But there is a whole, the path from the farm is so important.
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And I do think that we need to have a lot more respect for
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and thanks and be grateful for where our food is coming from.
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The earth itself, but also from the farmers who are producing our foods.
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And I again, when I'm talking about how consumers are thinking about all
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of this, we are all involved, right?
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And so all the decisions that we're making on a daily basis, it's
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impacting a whole supply chain.
22:58
So true.
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You know, making people more aware that the food that you eat, there's somebody
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and other things that are going on behind the scene that you're just not aware of.
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But, you know, within the last 10 years or so, I've seen people actually become
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more interested in this, you know, where is this food being sourced from?
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Because it makes a difference.
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You know, I was having a conversation with a friend of
23:24
mine who was very interested in organic farming on a small scale.
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And I said to her, you know, even your potting soil, you've got to look and
23:32
see what makes up that potting soil.
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Because if you want to say that you are planting something that is
23:37
organic, if the soil that you're planting it in is not organic,
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then it defeats the whole purpose.
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And potting soil, from what I mean, I was shocked the first
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time I looked at the ingredients in potting soil and to discover
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that it wasn't really soil per se.
23:53
Yeah.
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So many things are involved or added to it.
23:57
So, yeah.
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And you're right.
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And sometimes we may not know the toxicity of the soil, which, you
24:06
know, if the nutrients, if there's unhealthy kind of matter in the soil,
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that can affect your food, and it may not even be on the food manufacturer,
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the one that's actually producing it.
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It's really what's coming from the soil.
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So that's why I'm saying like there's many really amazing initiatives
24:24
that are happening globally around soil health, soil regeneration.
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It's a massive topic, it's really, you know, they've been
24:31
studying it for many years.
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I'm catching up, we're all kind of catching up on what does
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it mean to regenerate soils.
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Regenerate rural communities right into making sure that
24:42
from the very foundational.
24:46
Part of ag like we are aware of how healthy or unhealthy it is,
24:51
and how that impacts everything.
24:53
So yeah, it was great advice.
24:57
Yeah, you know, I sat and I thought about it for a while, especially when
25:00
I discovered that planting soil is like reclaimed material and I was like, wow,
25:06
and you think that you're planting, okay, I'm not buying this stuff from the store.
25:10
I'm actually getting the seed and planting it in my soil in my house.
25:15
You got to look at all of that.
25:16
It's important.
25:18
Yes.
25:18
Yeah, absolutely.
25:20
Wow.
25:20
I can't believe you've been speaking for over 25 minutes.
25:23
But before you go again, because I like to emphasize that most of my
25:29
women guests are from Africa, the Caribbean, or in the African diaspora.
25:34
Are you seeing more of a conversation and building the bridge between the African
25:39
diaspora and even with agriculture?
25:41
You know, we talked earlier on about how at some point, Africa,
25:46
the population is growing.
25:47
We need to have food security.
25:51
But then I also heard you talk about how at some point we may be
25:55
the ones who are feeding the world.
25:58
So we need to have, you know, a bridge between the African
26:01
diaspora and the rest of the world.
26:03
Are you seeing anything going in that direction?
26:07
Yes, absolutely.
26:08
I can actually give a shout out to my friends at Dine Diaspora.
26:12
They are a group that was founded by Ghanaian American women.
26:16
They're based in the U.
26:17
S.
26:18
and they are shining a light on African foods and African chefs a lot.
26:23
That's happening in the U.
26:24
S.
26:25
Right.
26:25
And so even by rebranding and by marketing our foods, like our chefs
26:32
that are cooking Ethiopian foods and, you know, across the States or Ghanaian
26:36
and Nigerian it's really important because stories are important, right?
26:42
Our pride of what our foods are and were, how do we reclaim some of
26:48
the recipes that are lost, right?
26:51
How do we actually note that down?
26:53
There are a lot of great cookbooks that are coming out, right?
26:57
Or that have been out the last couple of years, all on African dishes, right?
27:01
And I think that having the pride and writing it down and actively sharing it
27:08
within the diaspora is going to have an impact on business, on trade, because
27:15
it shines more of a light on, oh, there are consumers, the demand side of food,
27:21
people actually want to eat these types of foods that maybe we're not growing enough
27:26
of across a few different countries, but probably across the continent.
27:29
There's also a real interest in indigenous crops and you know, there are crops
27:34
that are native to African lands that, you know, we forgot about where we
27:40
went to rice and to wheat and to all of these crops when we have fonio, you
27:45
know, we have cassava and so, some of these crops also do very well in arid
27:51
or semi arid lands, and we don't have to get into that, but it's important
27:54
kind of on the fact that they can grow in all sorts of environments, right?
27:57
Because we have climate change that's impacting weather
27:59
patterns and all of that.
28:01
And so, yeah, I, I think that there's a lot happening.
28:04
I think a lot happening globally and it's exciting and I would love
28:10
for it to just continue to grow.
28:12
And I hope I'm part of, bringing that type of value to not solely
28:16
what's happening in Africa, but how do we continue to export, right?
28:21
Because we can feed the world.
28:22
We have 60 percent of the world's arable land is in Africa, right?
28:27
Our water tables are very strong.
28:29
And so these are things that we can Really leveraged to be able to improve
28:35
our production and continue to hopefully export more than we import going forward.
28:41
Yeah.
28:41
So yeah, there's I think there's a lot happening in the diaspora and I
28:44
think It's beautiful to see, right?
28:47
And it's not only beautiful to see, but we know that through stories and
28:50
through, through culture it's going to have an impact on business and trade.
28:55
And at the end of the day, what oftentimes matter is like the bottom
28:59
line, like who's making money?
29:00
Like if there's a demand, like we will grow it and we will sell it.
29:05
Yes, I agree with you 100%.
29:07
So it's up to us to create that demand.
29:10
Because the bottom line, you know, if there's no demand, there'll be no supply.
29:14
So it's up to us to create awareness, you know, as you've said, be proud of our
29:20
food, patronize the restaurants abroad that are, you know, indigenous to us.
29:27
And as you say, you know, change our taste buds.
29:31
It doesn't always have to be rice.
29:33
Or meat.
29:34
We have our own taste just as good and it's just as nutritional.
29:40
Yes.
29:41
And one more thing, I would love for people to actually come back to Africa.
29:45
Like, come to all of the countries across Africa, eat the foods here, you know, I
29:49
respect and love travel around the world.
29:51
There's so much travel to Europe and I always wonder why not Africa?
29:56
Like when you come and just, even that tourism bit is going to play
30:00
a part in agriculture as well.
30:03
Right.
30:03
Because if you're going on food tours of Senegal and who doesn't want to
30:07
go on a food tour in Senegal, you know, so, the more that you also
30:11
use your money again, consumers.
30:14
If you know where you spend your money is important, and I just think that that's
30:18
just as important as the story to really kind of continue to impact the food story,
30:24
African kind of food story and journey to be able to position us to be able to
30:30
do everything that I think this continent can do within food and agriculture.
30:34
I love it.
30:35
In January, a group of us are going to be doing a retreat in Ghana,
30:40
and it's going to be a retreat, but it's also going to be discovery.
30:45
Discover Ghana, discover the food, the culture.
30:49
Yes, as you said, come back to Africa, it's necessary.
30:53
We need to go back and discover what's always been there.
30:56
You know, I said discovery, you can't discover something that
30:58
wasn't there, you know what I mean?
31:00
So it's got to be there for it to be discovered.
31:03
And we've got so much to offer.
31:06
Yeah.
31:07
Okay, I'll connect you with a few friends that I have there.
31:09
There's some interesting things happening on the food front in Ghana, for sure.
31:14
That's a great country to be.
31:15
I'm looking forward.
31:16
We'll talk about that offline.
31:18
But then, talking about offline and online, how can people
31:20
connect with you online, Martha?
31:23
Yes, so LinkedIn, please feel free, anybody.
31:26
Send me a message, I'm always happy to connect, and we just launched
31:29
our Instagram, it's at abze_africa, we will be launching YouTube and
31:35
our LinkedIn page soon as well, but for right now, either LinkedIn me
31:40
personally, or follow Abze on Instagram, and watch our story grow from here.
31:46
And I've done both, and it's pretty interesting.
31:48
Yeah.
31:49
So thank you, Martha, for coming on to Chatting with the Experts TV show.
31:54
And for those of you who are viewing this or listening to this because we
31:57
do a podcast, if you're interested in being a guest on the show, please
32:01
reach out to me on my website, which is chattingwiththeexperts.
32:04
com.
32:06
I'm also on LinkedIn, just like Martha.
32:08
I love LinkedIn, actually.
32:09
Just search for Paula Okonneh there.
32:11
You'll find me.
32:13
I'm on Instagram.
32:15
My business page is at chat_experts_podcast, and
32:21
I'm on Facebook these days.
32:23
Just look for me, Paula Okonneh, and connect with me there because my mission
32:29
is to have professional and business women from Africa, the Caribbean,
32:35
and the African diaspora educate, inspire, and empower women globally.
32:41
Thank you, Martha.
32:43
This has been great.
32:43
Thank you so much.
32:45
Yay.
32:45
Thank you so much.
32:46
It was my pleasure.
32:47
I appreciate you.
32:48
This is a great program.
32:49
Thank you.