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38 - Woman Suffrage and Politics by Carrie Chapman Catt, Nettie Rogers Shuler · Woman Suffrage and Politics

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  Speaker 1: Chapter thirty one, Part two of Woman Suffrage and Politics.
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  Speaker 1: This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in
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  Speaker 1: the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please
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  Speaker 1: visit LibriVox dot org. Woman Suffrage and Politics, The Inner
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  Speaker 1: Story of the Suffrage Movement by Carrie Chapman Kat and
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  Speaker 1: Nettie Rogers Schuller. The States that did not ratify as
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  Speaker 1: a visible demonstration of its belief in states rights. On
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  Speaker 1: February twenty fourth, the Senate and House voted to send
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  Speaker 1: seven anti suffrage members to West Virginia to urge that
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  Speaker 1: legislature to reject the amendment. The next day, two resolutions
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  Speaker 1: were introduced in the legislature. One was to repeal, rescind,
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  Speaker 1: and recall the resolutions ratifying the so called Eighteenth Amendment
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  Speaker 1: to the Constitution of the United States. The other authorized
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  Speaker 1: and requested the Governor of Maryland to call on the
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  Speaker 1: national government in behalf of the state of Maryland to
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  Speaker 1: have the so called Eighteenth Amendment and the Volstead Act
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  Speaker 1: declared null envoid. On March thirtieth, by a vote of
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  Speaker 1: twenty to seven, the Senate passed a joint resolution quote
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  Speaker 1: authorizing and directing the Attorney General of Maryland to bring
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  Speaker 1: suit or suits to prevent the Secretary of the United
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  Speaker 1: States from proclaiming the Federal Suffrage Amendment prior to the
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  Speaker 1: holding of a referendum thereon in certain states, and to
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  Speaker 1: test the validity should the same be ratified by the
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  Speaker 1: elected legislatures of three fourths of the states. In September,
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  Speaker 1: just before the legislature adjourned, it was discovered that the
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  Speaker 1: resolution of rejection had not been sent officially to the
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  Speaker 1: governor of the state and by him to the Secretary
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  Speaker 1: of State in Washington. It was brought before both houses
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  Speaker 1: again on September twenty second, at which time the ratification
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  Speaker 1: resolution was voted down. There was great expects in Democratic
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  Speaker 1: circles that North Carolina would ratify. Democratic leaders emphasized that
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  Speaker 1: the Republican states of Connecticut, Vermont, and Delaware having failed,
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  Speaker 1: it would be of strategic value if the Democratic Party
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  Speaker 1: could get the glory of the thirty sixth ratification. Furthermore,
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  Speaker 1: it was maintained that if the North Carolina legislature defeated
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  Speaker 1: the Suffrage Amendment, it would defeat the Democratic candidate for
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  Speaker 1: president in November, while if it ratified it would virtually
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  Speaker 1: assure success to the Democratic Party in November. Of all
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  Speaker 1: the Southern states, North Carolina now presented the greatest hope,
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  Speaker 1: not only because of the number of prominent men in
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  Speaker 1: federal and state positions in favor of ratification, but because
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  Speaker 1: the North Carolina press was almost a unit for it.
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  Speaker 1: The Republican State Convention in March had for the first
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  Speaker 1: time seated two women delegates and had put a woman
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  Speaker 1: on the ticket for State Superintendent of Public Instruction. In April,
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  Speaker 1: the Democratic State Convention had seated women. United States Senator
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  Speaker 1: Simmons and Governor T. W. Bickett, always opponents of suffrage,
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  Speaker 1: had announced themselves in favor of ratification. The only discouraging
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  Speaker 1: symptom was the attitude of United States Senator Overman, who said, quote,
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  Speaker 1: I have been and still am opposed to woman suffrage.
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  Speaker 1: It is fundamental with me, deep and inborn. But I
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  Speaker 1: recognize the fact that it seems inevitable. Could the Democratic
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  Speaker 1: Convention which was held in April of nineteen twenty have
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  Speaker 1: dodged the question and deferred action. Undoubtedly it would have,
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  Speaker 1: But the friends of ratification were there in force. The
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  Speaker 1: suffrage plank as it came from the committee recommended that
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  Speaker 1: the federal suffrage Amendment should not be ratified, but that
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  Speaker 1: a state amendment should be submitted to the voters. Two
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  Speaker 1: minority reports were offered, one to present to the Convention
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  Speaker 1: the question whether the platform should contain a plank for ratification,
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  Speaker 1: and the other to eliminate all reference to woman sefe
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  Speaker 1: Men said that never in the history of the Democratic
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  Speaker 1: Party in North Carolina had there been such a contest
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  Speaker 1: over a platform. Finally, a substitute was presented for all
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  Speaker 1: the reports, which read, quote, this Convention recommends to the
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  Speaker 1: Democratic members of the General Assembly that at the approaching
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  Speaker 1: special Session, they vote in favor of the ratification of
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  Speaker 1: the proposed nineteenth Amendment to the Federal Constitution quote. This
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  Speaker 1: was carried five hundred and eighty five to four hundred
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  Speaker 1: and twenty eight. The attention of the whole country thereupon
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  Speaker 1: focused on North Carolina, and many people believed that this
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  Speaker 1: convention majority, though small, forecast favorable action in the legislature.
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  Speaker 1: Early in the summer, in response to an appeal by
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  Speaker 1: President Wilson, Governor Bickett had replied, in part, quote, I
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  Speaker 1: hope the Tennessee Legislature will meet and ratify the amendment
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  Speaker 1: and thus make immediate action by North Carolina unnecessary. We
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  Speaker 1: have neither the time nor money, and such action on
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  Speaker 1: the part of Tennessee would save this state the feeling
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  Speaker 1: of bitterness that would surely be engendered by debate on
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  Speaker 1: the subject that would come up in the legislature. I
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  Speaker 1: have said all that I intend to say on the
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  Speaker 1: subject of ratification. While I will take my medicine, I
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  Speaker 1: will never swear that it tastes good, for it doesn't
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  Speaker 1: end quote. The North Carolina political situation was further complicated
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  Speaker 1: by an exciting governatorial primary. There were three candidates in
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  Speaker 1: the field for governor. Two of them opposed ratification, and
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  Speaker 1: one made defeat of the Federal Suffrage Amendment his chief issue.
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  Speaker 1: On August tenth, the legislature met in special session to
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  Speaker 1: consider questions of taxation. The enemies of ratification had been busy.
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  Speaker 1: On August eleventh, around Robin, signed by sixty three House members,
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  Speaker 1: was sent to the General Assembly of Tennessee, which read quote,
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  Speaker 1: we the undersigned Members of the House of Representatives of
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  Speaker 1: the General Assembly of North Carolina, constituting the majority of
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  Speaker 1: said body, send greetings to the General Assembly of Tennessee,
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  Speaker 1: and assure you that we will not ratify the Federal
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  Speaker 1: Suffrage Amendment, interfering with the sovereignty of Tendency and other
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  Speaker 1: states of the Union. We most respectfully request that this
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  Speaker 1: measure be not forced upon the people of North Carolina.
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  Speaker 1: En The news of this statement as it flashed over
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  Speaker 1: the country caused consternation in Democratic ranks. The fact that
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  Speaker 1: such action had been taken before the legislature had really
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  Speaker 1: organized showed party leaders that a force determined to defeat
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  Speaker 1: ratification was at work. The ratificationists decided to make a
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  Speaker 1: sudden and decisive coup and pursue thereto. On August thirteenth,
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  Speaker 1: the governor appeared before the Joint Assembly. He said, in
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  Speaker 1: part quote, it is well known that I have never
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  Speaker 1: been impressed with the wisdom or of the necessity for
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  Speaker 1: women's suffrage in North Carolina. But gentlemen, in the words
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  Speaker 1: of Grover Cleveland, a condition, not a theory, confronts us.
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  Speaker 1: Women's suffrage is at hand. It is an absolute moral
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  Speaker 1: certainty that inside of six months some states will open
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  Speaker 1: the door and women will enter the political forum. No
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  Speaker 1: great movement in all history has ever gone so near
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  Speaker 1: the top and then failed to go over. We may
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  Speaker 1: just as well realize, gentlemen, that this country is no
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  Speaker 1: longer an association of states, but a nation. Whatever a
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  Speaker 1: majority of the people of the nation want is going
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  Speaker 1: to be the supreme law of the land. I realize
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  Speaker 1: more keenly now than ever before, that states rights have
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  Speaker 1: passed away. The very most this General Assembly can do
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  Speaker 1: is to delay for six months a movement it is
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  Speaker 1: powerless to defeat. This being true, I am profoundly convinced
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  Speaker 1: that it would be the part of wisdom and grace
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  Speaker 1: for North Carolina to accept the inevitable and ratify the amendment.
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  Speaker 1: There was pathos in this courageous but reluctant recognition of
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  Speaker 1: incapitulation to the new order. It could not have been
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  Speaker 1: an easy task to stand before a legislature representing two
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  Speaker 1: and one half millions of North Carolina people and tell
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  Speaker 1: them that the political faith handed down by the their
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  Speaker 1: fathers and grandfathers, and treasured by them as fundamental basis
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  Speaker 1: of government, were but musty relics of by gone days.
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  Speaker 1: The governor was severely criticized for asking the Assembly to
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  Speaker 1: ratify for party reasons without urging on members. The sanctity
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  Speaker 1: of convention obligations. Republicans declared that they were obeying the
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  Speaker 1: behests of their state and national conventions, even as Democrats
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  Speaker 1: should be expected to live up to theirs. The Republicans
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  Speaker 1: in Senate and House were resentful. The result of the
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  Speaker 1: governor's message was to leave the Democrats unmoved and to
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  Speaker 1: incense the Republicans. In the afternoon, news came from Tennessee
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  Speaker 1: of the Senate victory, and on the same day the
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  Speaker 1: resolution to ratify was introduced in the Senate of North Carolina,
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  Speaker 1: referred to the Committee on Constitutional Amendments, and within fifteen
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  Speaker 1: minutes reported favorably seven to one. Simultaneously, the resolution was
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  Speaker 1: introduced in the House and referred to the Committee on
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  Speaker 1: Constitutional Amendments. August seventeenth, amid scenes which had not been
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  Speaker 1: witnessed since the days of the Civil War, the North
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  Speaker 1: Carolina Senate began consideration of ratification. Great crowds surged through
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  Speaker 1: the capital, the East wing being assigned to ratificationists and
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  Speaker 1: the West wing to rejectionists. For five hours a heated
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  Speaker 1: debate raged with charges and counter charges. When agreement to
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  Speaker 1: vote was reached, a resolution was unexpectedly made to defer
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  Speaker 1: action until the regular meeting of the legislature in nineteen
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  Speaker 1: twenty one, and was carried twenty five to twenty three.
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  Speaker 1: It is quite possible that when this resolution to block
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  Speaker 1: immediate action was introduced, it took the friends of Suffrage unaware.
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  Speaker 1: But it is also true that there were suffraged senators who
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  Speaker 1: were glad to make use of any excuse to avoid
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  Speaker 1: a vote on the direct issue before the election. The
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  Speaker 1: opposition forces planned to bring the ratification up under special
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  Speaker 1: order in the lower House in the meantime and dispose
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  Speaker 1: of it quickly. Call it up and kill it right,
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  Speaker 1: was the way the anti suffrage floor leader described it.
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  Speaker 1: The ratification resolution was called up in the House on
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  Speaker 1: August eighteenth and defeated. A rejection resolution was immediately reported
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  Speaker 1: by the Constitutional Amendment Committee. It was tabled in the
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  Speaker 1: House without a dissenting voice, thus closed the North Carolina
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  Speaker 1: Chapter on ratification. The attention of Democratic leaders next turned
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  Speaker 1: to Louisiana. The women there had early strengthened their position
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  Speaker 1: by uniting all organizations under one head called the Ratification Committee,
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  Speaker 1: and there were many favorable assets. All of the newspapers
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  Speaker 1: in the state, except for advocated the Federal Suffrage Amendment.
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  Speaker 1: Martin Behermann, Mayor of New Orleans, who had killed the
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  Speaker 1: state suffrage Amendment in nineteen eighteen, had not only become
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  Speaker 1: converted to woman suffrage but to ratification. The New Orleans
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  Speaker 1: Democratic Association and the State Central Committee were in favor.
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  Speaker 1: The opposition centered in New Orleans, where certain elements, mainly
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  Speaker 1: the liquor interests aroused in the campaign of nineteen eighteen,
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  Speaker 1: opposed woman suffrage in any form, and there was other
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  Speaker 1: opposition on reaching Baton Rouge. In April, suffragists from the
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  Speaker 1: National American Woman's Suffrage Association saw women who had worked
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  Speaker 1: for suffrage for twenty five years and more lined up
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  Speaker 1: on the side of the anti suffragists because of their
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  Speaker 1: states rights belief. On May tenth, the General Assembly convened,
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  Speaker 1: and on the eleventh, the joint resolution for ratification was
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  Speaker 1: presented in both houses, while a state amendment and a
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  Speaker 1: bill providing for the payment of poll taxes by the
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  Speaker 1: women in case the state amendment became a law were
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  Speaker 1: introduced in the House. On May thirteenth, Governor Pleasant submitted
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  Speaker 1: the Federal Suffrage Amendment to both houses with the message
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  Speaker 1: of many pages urging the legislature not to ratify it,
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  Speaker 1: but instead to submit a state amendment. On the same
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  Speaker 1: day arrived two anti suffrage representatives from mayors Maryland. They
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  Speaker 1: appealed to Louisiana to join hands with Maryland and kill
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  Speaker 1: the federal suffrage amendment and entered no protest against state
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  Speaker 1: suffrage if Louisiana should desire to adopt it. On May seventeenth,
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  Speaker 1: John M. Parker was inaugurated governor. It had been expected
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  Speaker 1: by people throughout the country that Governor Parker would be
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  Speaker 1: of great assistance in the ratification campaign. As a progressive
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  Speaker 1: in nineteen sixteen, he had been a candidate for Vice
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  Speaker 1: President of the United States on a platform that endorsed
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  Speaker 1: suffrage by national amendment. In his campaign speeches in the
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  Speaker 1: autumn of nineteen twenty, while running for governor, mister Parker
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  Speaker 1: had repeatedly said, I am for suffrage. It's almost here
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  Speaker 1: and we must have it. Yet there appeared, mysteriously, with
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  Speaker 1: or without his knowledge, in many parts of the state,
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  Speaker 1: copies of his platform containing a state's rights plank, presumably
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  Speaker 1: designed to placate those who were opposed to the federal
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  Speaker 1: suffrage amendment. This was not known to the women, and
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  Speaker 1: they were totally unprepared when shortly after his inauguration he
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  Speaker 1: announced that he was going to keep hands off the
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  Speaker 1: suffrage fight, it was a matter for the legislature anyway,
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  Speaker 1: and even refused to receive a deputation of women from
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  Speaker 1: the Louisiana Auxiliary to the National American Woman Suffrage Association.
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  Speaker 1: In answer to a telegram from President Wilson urging his
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  Speaker 1: interest in influence, he answered that he found a great
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  Speaker 1: difference of opinion among the legislators, large numbers opposed to
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  Speaker 1: any kind of woman suffrage, and all being Democrats, any
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  Speaker 1: dictation on his part would be unwise. Early in June,
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  Speaker 1: a hearing was held in the House Chamber. The hour
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  Speaker 1: was eight thirty in the evening. One of the suffrage
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  Speaker 1: speakers reported to the National Suffrage Association, I will never
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  Speaker 1: face anything more thrilling or more fearsome. I stood on
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  Speaker 1: the press platform just below the speaker's desk, with the
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  Speaker 1: press people sitting all about me, legislators on the floor
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  Speaker 1: and on the aisle steps, the President and members of
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  Speaker 1: the National Auxiliary in the seats with the legislators or
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  Speaker 1: perched on the tops of the desks. They were all
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  Speaker 1: over the place where they could be conspicuously seen and heard,
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  Speaker 1: especially heard. The audience was terribly near. I could touch
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  Speaker 1: the first of them, and way up to the roof
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  Speaker 1: was a sea of faces. I could not write my
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  Speaker 1: speech beforehand. It had to be borne out of the
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  Speaker 1: inspiration of the day's events, the occasion, and the other speeches.
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  Speaker 1: When I looked at the men, most of them crouching
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  Speaker 1: behind an old tradition of state sovereignty and a pitiful,
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  Speaker 1: make believe fear of Negro domination, I was filled with
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  Speaker 1: such indignation that my speech came tumbling out. I challenged
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  Speaker 1: the quality of their democracy, and said they voted with
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  Speaker 1: their party only because of one issue, the Negro question,
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  Speaker 1: but that in everything else they were more spiritually akin
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  Speaker 1: to Henry Cabot Lodge and the other tories. The women
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  Speaker 1: raised one great shout, and many of the men joined them.
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  Speaker 1: I told them that in the Mississippi Valley, on the
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  Speaker 1: border of the Great West, and out through all the
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  Speaker 1: reaches of the Great West itself, no such word was
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  Speaker 1: known as the one reiterated over and over again in
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  Speaker 1: the legislature of Louisiana and on the streets, And that
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  Speaker 1: was the word sovereign prefixed to the name of their state.
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  Speaker 1: That we knew no sovereign states. We knew only the
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  Speaker 1: United States, the Union, where more and more the selfish
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  Speaker 1: interests of sections were being merged in the common good
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  Speaker 1: of all people. End ex. Governor Pleasant, in his argument
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  Speaker 1: against ratifications, said, quote, the South never has stood for
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  Speaker 1: the fifteenth Amendment. It is true that seven Southern states
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  Speaker 1: are recorded as having ratified it. Yet it was done
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  Speaker 1: by carpetbag rule. It was ratified in these halls with
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  Speaker 1: negroes sitting as legislators and a carpet bag governor in
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  Speaker 1: the office below. Ratification of the nineteenth Ameddment not only
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  Speaker 1: would give suffrage to the white women, but to the
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  Speaker 1: Negro women of the state. If we ratify the nineteenth Amendment,
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  Speaker 1: we ratify the fifteenth and give suffrage to the Negro men.
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  Speaker 1: End quote. Reviewing these arguments, mister fan Or Brazil cried
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  Speaker 1: that he did not believe quote that any law can
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  Speaker 1: be enacted that will let you, red blooded as you are,
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  Speaker 1: stand by and let the negro vote. The death knell
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  Speaker 1: of forced bills was sounded in seventy eight, and you
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  Speaker 1: know it. I know it too. Because I was there
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  Speaker 1: in my parish with a gun, and the only reason
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  Speaker 1: that I was not imprisoned is that a friend furnished
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  Speaker 1: me a fast horse. And to day there is a
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  Speaker 1: federal indictment pending against me. Up there. I can promise
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  Speaker 1: you one thing, and that is that if the Federal
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  Speaker 1: Amendment is ratified, there will be no Negro women voting
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  Speaker 1: in the parish of Natchitoches. That sentence caught the fancy
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  Speaker 1: of the crowd. No nor in Red River either roared
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  Speaker 1: a deep horse, nor in Plaque Mine, and they won't
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  Speaker 1: vote in Sabine. You can bet neither anywhere. J Y Sanders,
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  Speaker 1: United States Congressman, appealing for ratification and answering the Negro
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  Speaker 1: arguments set in part quote, there ain't but one thing,
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  Speaker 1: and you might as well remember it that keeps Louisiana, Mississippi,
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  Speaker 1: and Alabama white. And that is this that we have
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  Speaker 1: decreed that the pollitium of our liberty and the corner
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  Speaker 1: storm of our civilization rests for all time in the
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  Speaker 1: white democratic primary, and that once the primary is over,
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  Speaker 1: there is not, nor under God's providence, shall there ever
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  Speaker 1: be any general election. Endo. From May twenty seventh, to
• 17:31
  Speaker 1: July eighth, Senate and House played football with the ratification,
• 17:35
  Speaker 1: state suffrage and poll tax resolutions. In the meantime, Champ Clark,
• 17:40
  Speaker 1: former Speaker of the House of Representatives, addressed the General
• 17:44
  Speaker 1: Assembly and urged ratification In answer to an appeal from
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  Speaker 1: members of the National's Auxiliary. Homer Cummings wired mister Bharman
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  Speaker 1: to help on the grounds of party advantage, and James M. Cox,
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  Speaker 1: governor of Ohio, Democratic nominee for President of the United States,
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  Speaker 1: wired members of the Legislature to act favorably, saying the
• 18:06
  Speaker 1: legislature owes such action to the Democratic Party. It was
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  Speaker 1: clear from the first that the state amendment was only
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  Speaker 1: as subterfuge, and as such it was killed. Ex Governor Pleasant,
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  Speaker 1: its chief sponsor, was reported to have said that he
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  Speaker 1: did not care whether it went through or not. All
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  Speaker 1: he wanted was to kill ratification with the resolution to
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  Speaker 1: let the voters of the state decide the question of
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  Speaker 1: women suffrage by vote at the Poles defeated, the Pole
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  Speaker 1: tax resolution was withdrawn, The ratification resolution was defeated in
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  Speaker 1: the House, and action indefinitely postponed in the Senate. The
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  Speaker 1: Legislature then completed its record before adjourning July eighth by
• 18:44
  Speaker 1: passing the rejection resolution in the House and withdrawing it
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  Speaker 1: from the Senate files. The Florida Legislature was still in
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  Speaker 1: session when the federal suffrage amendment passed Congress, and on
• 18:54
  Speaker 1: June fifth, nineteen nineteen, Sidney J. Katz, Governor, sent a
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  Speaker 1: message to the legislature pointing out that Florida would be
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  Speaker 1: the first state to ratify if it chose move that
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  Speaker 1: the governor's message be referred to. The Committee on Unfinished
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  Speaker 1: Business yelled a chorus of voices. This was met with
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  Speaker 1: loud guffaws of laughter, as that is a committee that
• 19:16
  Speaker 1: never reports suffrage lost by skylarking in the House. Read
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  Speaker 1: the newspaper headlines next day, and under them was this quote.
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  Speaker 1: The suffrage Amendment resolution would no doubt have passed, as
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  Speaker 1: earlier in the session of resolution proposing submission of a
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  Speaker 1: state suffrage amendment had carried, but that the spirit of
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  Speaker 1: fun had permeated the House and practically killed all business
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  Speaker 1: end quote. The legislature adjourned on June sixth without taking
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  Speaker 1: action on the Governor's message asking for ratification the Constitution
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  Speaker 1: of Florida regarding ratification of federal amendments reads quote, no
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  Speaker 1: convention or legislature of this State shall act upon any
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  Speaker 1: amendment of the Constitution of the United States proposed by
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  Speaker 1: Congress to the several States, unless such convention or legislature
• 20:01
  Speaker 1: shall have been elected after such amendment is submitted. It
• 20:06
  Speaker 1: was later that this same provision in the Tennessee Constitution
• 20:09
  Speaker 1: was held to be outruled. But even at this time,
• 20:12
  Speaker 1: it was known that the legislature of Florida had ratified
• 20:15
  Speaker 1: the Federal Prohibition Amendment, though half of the members composing
• 20:19
  Speaker 1: it were elected before the amendment was submitted. To the
• 20:23
  Speaker 1: request of the National Suffrage Association for a special session,
• 20:27
  Speaker 1: the answer of the governor was a most emphatic no.
• 20:30
  Speaker 1: Boastered up with a statement which read quote, I have
• 20:34
  Speaker 1: no intention of calling the legislature to consider the woman's
• 20:37
  Speaker 1: Suffrage Amendment. I did my best to pass the same
• 20:40
  Speaker 1: at an extra and a regular session. The legislators were
• 20:44
  Speaker 1: very much opposed, and it would do no good to
• 20:46
  Speaker 1: call them together again for the same purpose. End quote.
• 20:50
  Speaker 1: There was just the same, a continuation of appeals all
• 20:53
  Speaker 1: through the year. Legislators were interviewed, and no stone was
• 20:57
  Speaker 1: left unturned. To secure a Sessionlorida, as well as Tennessee,
• 21:01
  Speaker 1: was affected by the decision of the United States Supreme
• 21:04
  Speaker 1: Court regarding the Ohio referendum case, and when this decision
• 21:08
  Speaker 1: came in June nineteen twenty and legal obstructions were by
• 21:11
  Speaker 1: it set aside. It was hoped that Florida, where many
• 21:14
  Speaker 1: towns had given municipal suffrage, would break the shackles that
• 21:18
  Speaker 1: bound her to tradition and take her place as one
• 21:20
  Speaker 1: of the ratifying states. But she did not. Florida was
• 21:24
  Speaker 1: the only state in the United States that successfully evaded action.
• 21:30
  Speaker 1: During the last year of the campaign, there hung on
• 21:32
  Speaker 1: the wall at the National Suffrage Headquarters a large map
• 21:35
  Speaker 1: of the United States which recorded the suffrage history of
• 21:38
  Speaker 1: each state by a system of differently colored stars. When
• 21:42
  Speaker 1: the campaign was completed, thirty eight of the states bore
• 21:45
  Speaker 1: an additional star to show that they had ratified the
• 21:48
  Speaker 1: Federal Suffrage Amendment, while nine had a black star to
• 21:51
  Speaker 1: show that they had failed to ratify it. Florida had none.
• 21:55
  Speaker 1: These black starred states were in a row along the
• 21:58
  Speaker 1: Atlantic seaboard from Delaware to Louisiana, the majority constituting the
• 22:02
  Speaker 1: heart of what was once the Southern Confederacy. But was
• 22:06
  Speaker 1: the Black record really made in defense of states rights
• 22:10
  Speaker 1: against federal dictation? Not a bit of it? The proof
• 22:14
  Speaker 1: it was the South that led the campaign for prohibition
• 22:18
  Speaker 1: by federal amendment. The measure was introduced in the Senate
• 22:21
  Speaker 1: by a member from Texas, and of the nineteen Southern
• 22:24
  Speaker 1: senators who voted against the submission of the Federal Suffrage
• 22:28
  Speaker 1: Amendment fourteen voted to submit the Federal Prohibition Amendment fifteen.
• 22:34
  Speaker 1: Ratifications of the Prohibition Amendment took place the year following
• 22:37
  Speaker 1: its submission. Eleven of them were those of Southern states.
• 22:41
  Speaker 1: Every state that failed to ratify the Woman's Suffrage Amendment
• 22:44
  Speaker 1: on the alleged ground of federal interference ratified the Federal
• 22:48
  Speaker 1: Prohibition Amendment. An argument which claims that it is a
• 22:52
  Speaker 1: violation of states rights for New Jersey, Connecticut, or Rhode
• 22:55
  Speaker 1: Island to ratify woman's suffrage and impose it upon South Carolina, Alabama,
• 23:00
  Speaker 1: or Georgia which rejected it, but that it is no
• 23:03
  Speaker 1: violation of states rights for Southern states to ratify federal
• 23:07
  Speaker 1: prohibition and impose it upon New Jersey, Connecticut, or Rhode
• 23:11
  Speaker 1: Island which rejected it. Is more ingenious than convincing to summarize.
• 23:17
  Speaker 1: Of the ten states that did not ratify the Federal
• 23:20
  Speaker 1: Suffrage Amendment, Florida took no action in either house. George's
• 23:24
  Speaker 1: vote was null and void, as Senate and House did
• 23:26
  Speaker 1: not act on a joint resolution. Delaware ratified in the
• 23:30
  Speaker 1: Senate and refused to take action in the House. Mississippi
• 23:33
  Speaker 1: ratified in the Senate and defeated ratification in the House.
• 23:37
  Speaker 1: North Carolina voted to postpone action on the ratification resolution
• 23:41
  Speaker 1: in the Senate and tabled the rejection resolution in the House.
• 23:44
  Speaker 1: South Carolina passed a concurrent instead of a joint rejection resolution,
• 23:49
  Speaker 1: and each house voted on a different measure. Louisiana passed
• 23:53
  Speaker 1: a rejection resolution in the House, but the Senate Journal
• 23:56
  Speaker 1: shows the rejection resolution to have been withdrawn from the
• 23:59
  Speaker 1: Senate file. Maryland discovered just before the legislature adjourned that
• 24:04
  Speaker 1: its rejection of February seventeenth had not been officially conveyed
• 24:07
  Speaker 1: to the Federal Secretary of State, and on September twenty
• 24:10
  Speaker 1: second voted down a ratification resolution but did not present
• 24:14
  Speaker 1: the rejection resolution as the Federal Suffrage Amendment had been
• 24:18
  Speaker 1: proclaimed a month before Alabama and Virginia adopted joint rejection
• 24:22
  Speaker 1: resolutions in both houses. These two states therefore represented the
• 24:27
  Speaker 1: total tally of states that were actually scored in the
• 24:30
  Speaker 1: rejection program of the anti Suffragists. End of Chapter thirty
• 24:35
  Speaker 1: one read by Sandra