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The Last Stand of the Songhai Empire
In 1591, a small Moroccan expeditionary force under Judar Pasha crossed the Sahara to conquer the wealthy Songhai Empire. Despite Songhai's massive army and control over the Niger River trade routes, they were defeated at the Battle of Tondibi by matchlocks and cannons. This episode explores how this sudden technological shock shattered centuries of West African power, leading to the fragmentation of the empire and the tragic exile of scholar Ahmed Baba to Marrakesh. We examine the military tactics, the political divisions within Gao, and the lasting cultural trauma of the invasion that…
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