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Live from CSU's Coca-Cola Space Science Center! Again! · Made of Stars

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  Speaker 1: Warning.
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  Speaker 2: The following podcast contains an entertaining look at astronomy, physics,
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  Speaker 2: and space news throughout the known universe. Listeners have been
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  Speaker 2: known to learn about astronomical phenomenon, the scientific method, and
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  Speaker 2: expanded vocabulary to include terms like quasar asterism and uranus. Listen,
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  Speaker 2: that's your own risk.
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  Speaker 1: Go ahead. We're made of stars, made of stars, made sizes.
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  Speaker 3: When made of stars, you could be from high they
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  Speaker 3: would new Mexicomas.
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  Speaker 2: We're on.
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  Speaker 1: Stars when.
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  Speaker 4: We are all made of stars. And this is Made
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  Speaker 4: of Stars Live two point oh. Sitting beside me doctor
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  Speaker 4: Seawan Cruising, Executive director of this facility, Columbus State University's
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  Speaker 4: Coca Cola Space Science Center. He's an astrophysicist and a
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  Speaker 4: smart guy. I'm just a nerd who got into broadcasting
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  Speaker 4: and you know, thought, hey, it'd be fun to do
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  Speaker 4: a podcast with Sean. So we welcome you to Mative
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  Speaker 4: Stars Live two point oh. And here we are Sean
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  Speaker 4: back at it again.
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  Speaker 1: We are back at it again. We're happy to be
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  Speaker 1: here inside the Omnosphere Theater at Columbus State University's Coca
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  Speaker 1: Cola Space Science Center. And again, we'd like to think
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  Speaker 1: all the folks who joined us this evening coming out
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  Speaker 1: to be part of our podcast Live. So thank you
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  Speaker 1: all very much. This group is way better than the
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  Speaker 1: last group. Far better. Yeah, far better.
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  Speaker 4: They're they're at least coached up. I do have a
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  Speaker 4: quick announcement. I got some disappointing news. Jerry Seinfeld will
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  Speaker 4: not be here tonight. He had something else to do.
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  Speaker 4: I mean, he's like a mile from us, but you know,
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  Speaker 4: he couldn't quite make Is that even a mile from me?
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  Speaker 1: He called and said he was gonna but maybe not.
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  Speaker 4: I've sent me a text and he's like, you know,
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  Speaker 4: I gotta go, you know, ketchup mustard, ketchup Mustard to
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  Speaker 4: get ready for his comedy show or whatever. But you know,
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  Speaker 4: it's not often we can do the show this close
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  Speaker 4: to a TV legend and comedy icons.
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  Speaker 1: I like to feel we're picking up some of his
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  Speaker 1: energy right now. That's right, Just a quick little side like.
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  Speaker 4: This isn't the first time I've had to compete with
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  Speaker 4: Jerry Seinfeld before. Completely true story. My first job in
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  Speaker 4: broadcasting was on TV and the night that the little small,
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  Speaker 4: low budget TV station put me on, they put me
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  Speaker 4: on against Seinfeld. So I thought, hey, thanks a lot,
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  Speaker 4: But I was on TV, darn it, and that's all
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  Speaker 4: I was worried about. So it's not the first time
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  Speaker 4: I've had to go head to head with Jerry.
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  Speaker 1: How'd that turn out with the ratings? Uh?
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  Speaker 4: He did a little better than a little better that night,
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  Speaker 4: all right, but I'm still here and so is We
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  Speaker 4: both did.
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  Speaker 1: Well, you're on the same street tonight. Who we are.
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  Speaker 4: We're both working in the same general area. So that's
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  Speaker 4: good tonight. Well, we want to get into perhaps I
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  Speaker 4: guess what should be the biggest story of I don't know,
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  Speaker 4: a decade or you know, fifty years. They're going to
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  Speaker 4: launch people to the moon, and it looks like it's
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  Speaker 4: going to happen as the late Now, this is a
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  Speaker 4: tricky part about the way we're doing this. We're doing
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  Speaker 4: the show, recording it on Saturday night, and then it
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  Speaker 4: will actually drop, as the kids say, on Thursday, which
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  Speaker 4: is the normal spot for our show to premiere in
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  Speaker 4: on whatever your podcast, favorite podcast format.
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  Speaker 1: Is, it'll be there.
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  Speaker 4: So we're going to talk about something that may happen
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  Speaker 4: on Wednesday and then release it the day after, so
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  Speaker 4: it will have either already happened or it will still
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  Speaker 4: possibly be happening. It's a little confusing the way it works,
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  Speaker 4: but this is the way time travel works, hmm, exactly.
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  Speaker 4: So for you this all makes sense sitting in the audience.
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  Speaker 1: But for those people actually listening to the podcast on
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  Speaker 1: the stream, they're living in the future, future, future, future,
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  Speaker 1: so they already know the answer to this question.
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  Speaker 4: So the question is will they launch on April first?
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  Speaker 4: And that just seems like a really tricky time to say,
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  Speaker 4: we're gonna launch a rocket to the moon, let's do
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  Speaker 4: it on April fools.
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  Speaker 1: Do you think that came up in the meetings? Like, hey, hey, you.
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  Speaker 4: Know that's April Fool's Day, right, Like, do you think
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  Speaker 4: that was part of the discussion. We know, some of
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  Speaker 4: those people, I don't think they're even paying attention to
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  Speaker 4: April Fools.
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  Speaker 1: They don't even know the calendar other than it's, you know,
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  Speaker 1: six days from now or something is they're counting down
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  Speaker 1: the days so and we know it's not six days.
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  Speaker 1: But I will tell you that one of the students
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  Speaker 1: who worked in this very facility, who ran this very
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  Speaker 1: same theater back in the day, is part of the
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  Speaker 1: team that's responsible for actually stacking that rocket, which they
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  Speaker 1: did last fall. And that person's name is Zach Kocher.
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  Speaker 1: And Zach, if you're listening, which we know you do occasionally,
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  Speaker 1: we hope you hear this, and we're giving you a
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  Speaker 1: shout out right now. But Zach sent me a text
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  Speaker 1: yesterday and I asked him, I said, hey, how optimistic
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  Speaker 1: are you for the Artemis Too launch? Zach says, this
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  Speaker 1: primed and ready to fly. The crew is ready, the
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  Speaker 1: team is ready, the vehicle is ready. I think it's
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  Speaker 1: time to go. There. You have it from the Marshall
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  Speaker 1: Space Flight Center. Friends, and Zach, thanks for that quote.
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  Speaker 1: That was a good one. Thank you. Yeah, and glad
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  Speaker 1: to know that he's pumped.
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  Speaker 4: And if we have to redact any of that before
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  Speaker 4: we release this on Thursday, you know, to that person, thanks, yeah,
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  Speaker 4: we might have to just redact just a little beep
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  Speaker 4: right over it and it'll be all right. But no,
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  Speaker 4: it's nice and there have been a couple of times
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  Speaker 4: we speculated about things and he's been able to confirm,
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  Speaker 4: Like one time we wondered is the rocket even still
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  Speaker 4: standing upright? And then he sent us a text after
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  Speaker 4: it released and said it's still upright. So you know,
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  Speaker 4: we didn't really think it fell over, but we appreciated
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  Speaker 4: his input.
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  Speaker 1: We like that kind of confirmation. It's like having Adam
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  Speaker 1: Adam schefter, you know, like looking after the.
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  Speaker 4: It really is your NASA insider, that's what he is,
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  Speaker 4: or NASA insider, all right, So we have that and
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  Speaker 4: we don't know by the time this release is whether
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  Speaker 4: it will have happened or not. But there's a six
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  Speaker 4: day window and it begins April first.
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  Speaker 1: Begins April first, it runs through April the sixth. The
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  Speaker 1: launch time is around six thirty pm on the on
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  Speaker 1: the April first, the first day of that launch window,
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  Speaker 1: and then it drifts just a little bit later each night.
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  Speaker 1: So if they can't get it off the ground on
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  Speaker 1: April first, if they're going to launch in any of
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  Speaker 1: the subsequent days in that multi day window, it's gonna
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  Speaker 1: shift a little bit later. I believe the last launch
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  Speaker 1: time around the sixth of April will be somewhere in
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  Speaker 1: the nine it's after it's a little bit after nine pm,
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  Speaker 1: So it just shift that much within that window. But
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  Speaker 1: we are we are just optimistic they're gonna hit the
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  Speaker 1: first part of this window.
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  Speaker 4: Wes, Yes, they are gonna do it right and just
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  Speaker 4: a successful launch. Everything we want to happen is gonna
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  Speaker 4: happen on April first.
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  Speaker 1: So listen, friends, they're trying to send human beings back
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  Speaker 1: around the Moon for the first time since nineteen seventy two,
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  Speaker 1: for the first time in over fifty years. It's been
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  Speaker 1: fifty years since human beings have left the orbit of
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  Speaker 1: the Earth and gone out to this deep space of
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  Speaker 1: a mission. This is not insignificant, right, So if there
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  Speaker 1: are things that happen that delay the flight, as Wes
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  Speaker 1: and I have said many times, there are human beings
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  Speaker 1: on board, we want them to delay the flight if
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  Speaker 1: they need to, right. We're super excited about them going,
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  Speaker 1: but we also keep in perspective, this is a very
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  Speaker 1: tricky mission, dangerous mission, recreating something that took a whole
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  Speaker 1: lot of planning and preparation the first time. There has
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  Speaker 1: been a whole lot of pre planning in preparation for
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  Speaker 1: this launch. We just want them to complete it, but
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  Speaker 1: complete it safely, and.
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  Speaker 4: Then get onto the next mission, and then the next mission,
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  Speaker 4: and then the next mission. But we'll talk about what
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  Speaker 4: all those will be coming up in just a minute
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  Speaker 4: before we do that update. On another story, we've been
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  Speaker 4: talking about and that is this comet.
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  Speaker 1: So, for those of you listen to the podcast, we've
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  Speaker 1: been talking in the last couple of podcasts about comet maps.
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  Speaker 1: Comet maps is designated as c SLASH twenty twenty six
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  Speaker 1: A one as a catalog designation. They keep track of
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  Speaker 1: these commets in such a way that they identify the
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  Speaker 1: kind of comet, what year it's discovered, and in what order. Okay,
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  Speaker 1: so it's kind of the first comet of twenty twenty
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  Speaker 1: six to be discovered. Now, this particular comet is an
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  Speaker 1: interesting type comet called a kruts sungrazer. A Cruits sungrazer
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  Speaker 1: part of a classification or a group of comets, is
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  Speaker 1: a comet that's big, moving fast, and it's going to
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  Speaker 1: pass very near the Sun, hence the sungrazer part, which
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  Speaker 1: means it's going to evaporate or melt off a whole
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  Speaker 1: bunch of material in a very short period of time.
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  Speaker 1: When it does that, it's going to swing back around
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  Speaker 1: to the Sun and into a position where it can
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  Speaker 1: be viewed in the western sky just after sunset. Other
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  Speaker 1: comets in this group, called the Cruits sungrazers, have been
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  Speaker 1: some of the most amazing comets in human history. One
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  Speaker 1: of those was called comet Ikia Seki that was around
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  Speaker 1: a few decades ago, but made a spectacular view in
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  Speaker 1: the nighttime sky. So we don't want you to miss it. Now. Listen, comets.
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  Speaker 1: It's true about comets. They're kind of like cats. They
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  Speaker 1: have tails and they do whatever they want to do.
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  Speaker 1: We don't know what this comet's gonna do, right, we
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  Speaker 1: can apply physics, but really when it gets in there
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  Speaker 1: close to the Sun and begins to melt, we just
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  Speaker 1: don't know all the dynamics that's going to take place.
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  Speaker 1: So it could just simply fall into the Sun and
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  Speaker 1: we'll never see it again. Or it could break up
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  Speaker 1: into a billion pieces and we'll see maybe with telescopes
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  Speaker 1: some fraction of those pieces, but really won't see it again. Okay, however,
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  Speaker 1: it ca but also swing around after losing a really
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  Speaker 1: substantial amount of material and make an absolute beautiful show
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  Speaker 1: in the nighttime sky in the very early part of April.
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  Speaker 1: The close pass to the Sun is April fourth and
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  Speaker 1: April fifth. In those in that time span, there's a
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  Speaker 1: website called spaceweather dot com. They will be showing images
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  Speaker 1: from coronagraphs from NASA in other words, cameras that look
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  Speaker 1: at all the area right around the surface of the sun.
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  Speaker 1: So make sure you're watching the website those days that
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  Speaker 1: would be you know, second, third, fourth, and then onto
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  Speaker 1: the fifth. You can actually see probably on those coronagraph
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  Speaker 1: images whether or not the comet breaks up. But then
• 10:44
  Speaker 1: watch for it to reappear in the nighttime sky because
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  Speaker 1: it could be spectacular. Keep your eye on this story.
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  Speaker 1: We don't want you to miss it.
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  Speaker 5: More Made of Stars right after this.
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  Speaker 4: So our next story relates to something sort of a
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  Speaker 4: follow up in a way, because when NASA was expected
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  Speaker 4: to have Jared Isiacman approved and appointed as its new
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  Speaker 4: director and then that went south. But when the first
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  Speaker 4: announcement came that they were going to do that and
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  Speaker 4: they were going to submit him for that, Sean and
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  Speaker 4: I were excited.
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  Speaker 1: We thought, this is exactly the guy.
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  Speaker 4: If we were going to sit down draft up our
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  Speaker 4: fantasy team, who would you like to be the guy
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  Speaker 4: running things at NASA. Jared Isagman was the guy that
• 11:47
  Speaker 4: we just fanboid about. I mean, we were just this
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  Speaker 4: would be great. This is an actual private astronaut who's
• 11:54
  Speaker 4: been to space, He's done a space walk and what
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  Speaker 4: better way to bring the side of things and the
• 12:01
  Speaker 4: commercial side of things into like one person to be
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  Speaker 4: the guy to run NASA. And he had this ambition
• 12:07
  Speaker 4: he wanted to go up and fix the Hubble Space
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  Speaker 4: telescope and whip himself and NASA said no, no, we
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  Speaker 4: don't have the money for that. And then he was,
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  Speaker 4: you know, brought up to be the administrator, and politics
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  Speaker 4: got in the way. That didn't happen, and then suddenly
• 12:23
  Speaker 4: his name came up again and again we got really
• 12:26
  Speaker 4: giddy about it because we thought, this is our guy.
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  Speaker 4: Hopefully this will happen this time. Now it has happened,
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  Speaker 4: and now we have a story about why we were
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  Speaker 4: so excited.
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  Speaker 1: So there's a you know West and I love to well,
• 12:40
  Speaker 1: let me back up. Let me say it this way.
• 12:42
  Speaker 1: Occasionally on social media we see headlines that don't seem
• 12:46
  Speaker 1: quite right. They seem a tad overheuston. That's you saying,
• 12:50
  Speaker 1: I know, I'm so sure it's such a people are
• 12:54
  Speaker 1: just so shocked that are in the audience right now,
• 12:55
  Speaker 1: they're like what their mouths are agape. Yeah. Occasionally those
• 12:59
  Speaker 1: those headlines social media tad overhyped. I happened to see
• 13:02
  Speaker 1: this headline that said we are invading Mars with nuclear helicopters.
• 13:08
  Speaker 1: Oh no, that sounds about right. Are you sure that's
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  Speaker 1: not true? I'm reasonably sure. I don't have the key
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  Speaker 1: to the nuclear helicopter hangar, so I can't really check myself,
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  Speaker 1: but I'm pretty sure that we're not invading Mars with
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  Speaker 1: nuclear helicopters. But here is what is actually happening, friends,
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  Speaker 1: Great story. Astronomy dot Com, by the way, is the
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  Speaker 1: source for this. There is a project called Project Skyfall.
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  Speaker 1: Now that sounds sinister already, right, Project Skyfall, but James Bond.
• 13:34
  Speaker 1: It sounds like Bond and that didn't go so well,
• 13:36
  Speaker 1: you know. Anyway, Project Skyfall is actually a really cool
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  Speaker 1: project because it's going to send three little helicopters back
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  Speaker 1: to Mars. Do you remember the Ingenuity helicopter, right? It
• 13:50
  Speaker 1: went up there with one of the Mars Rovers and
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  Speaker 1: had a tremendous amount of success, far more successful vehicle
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  Speaker 1: than ever than ever expected. Because it was meant to
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  Speaker 1: just be a test vehicle that would last only a
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  Speaker 1: day or two, it ended up up there for weeks,
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  Speaker 1: exploring the surface of Marsh with Mars perseverance rubber so
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  Speaker 1: this is a really great, uh recapture of that technology.
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  Speaker 1: We're going to intentionally this time send three helicopters to
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  Speaker 1: do a more broad science mission, this time armed with
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  Speaker 1: nuclear weapon. That's right. No, I think that's not right.
• 14:21
  Speaker 1: That's not that's not the nuclear and they the helicopters
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  Speaker 1: are also don't run on nuclear power, as it turns out,
• 14:28
  Speaker 1: so yeah, solar power. So how is this nuclear? It's renewable.
• 14:35
  Speaker 1: Oh yeah, but how's it nuclear? So here comes the
• 14:38
  Speaker 1: nuclear part. They have a ride to space and actually
• 14:42
  Speaker 1: I want to tell you about this technology. It's a
• 14:44
  Speaker 1: very cool technology. It is called space Reactor one Freedom.
• 14:49
  Speaker 1: That's the name of it, space react Like I want
• 14:52
  Speaker 1: a shirt space reactor one Freedom, I mean, and all of.
• 14:57
  Speaker 4: The strained acronyms that they use. At least, this is
• 14:59
  Speaker 4: just a straight there, like straightforward name. It is space
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  Speaker 4: Reactor one Freedom with.
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  Speaker 1: Red, white and blue stripes. I gotta have one, all right.
• 15:07
  Speaker 1: So it the technology is actually called it's called nuclear
• 15:13
  Speaker 1: electric propulsion. And what they're doing is they're using a
• 15:17
  Speaker 1: nuclear source and the energy coming from that nuclear source
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  Speaker 1: to generate electricity, and the electricity actually runs an ion
• 15:25
  Speaker 1: propulsion system. Ion propulsion systems are one of the most
• 15:29
  Speaker 1: efficient energy sources for rocket propulsion that human beings have
• 15:35
  Speaker 1: yet come up with. Now, the problem with ion propulsion
• 15:38
  Speaker 1: is you don't get a huge burst of energy all
• 15:41
  Speaker 1: at once like you do with a liquid or solid
• 15:42
  Speaker 1: fuel rocket. You kind of have it kind of has
• 15:45
  Speaker 1: to warm up, right, it has to get going a
• 15:47
  Speaker 1: little while, and it pushes for a long period of time,
• 15:49
  Speaker 1: and so you can't also then make quick turns with
• 15:53
  Speaker 1: these rockets. But this is called a hybrid system. So
• 15:56
  Speaker 1: they will also have on this vehicle a nuclear electric
• 15:59
  Speaker 1: propos uls system that once it gets out there, it
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  Speaker 1: can ramp up its speed over a long period of
• 16:05
  Speaker 1: time with very little energy. But in case it needs
• 16:08
  Speaker 1: to make a quick move because there's an oncoming asteroid
• 16:12
  Speaker 1: or it's just on the wrong vector and they have
• 16:13
  Speaker 1: to make a quick correction, or that one spaceship from
• 16:17
  Speaker 1: that one movie's coming, they can avoid it, right, And
• 16:19
  Speaker 1: so what they will do is this they will use
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  Speaker 1: other hybrid engines, which are they do have a solid
• 16:26
  Speaker 1: and liquid fuel components to be able to boost that
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  Speaker 1: vehicle quickly. All right, This is a test flight for
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  Speaker 1: NASA because we as a human species plan to explore
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  Speaker 1: our solar system. This is the first rocket propulsion technology
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  Speaker 1: that can actually be efficient enough to go out there
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  Speaker 1: and really explore the Solar system in a way that
• 16:49
  Speaker 1: makes sense, in a way that's achievable. And so we're
• 16:53
  Speaker 1: going to be watching that vehicle and that program as
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  Speaker 1: it gets pushed forward. They're shooting for having nuclear helic no,
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  Speaker 1: not nuclear helicopters, for helicopters powered by a nuclear vehicle
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  Speaker 1: on Mars in twenty twenty eight. What time is it.
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  Speaker 1: It's twenty twenty six now, so they have to go fast, right,
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  Speaker 1: So they're already working on this. This was part of
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  Speaker 1: Jared Isaacsman's ed Isaacman's announcement on Tuesday for a new
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  Speaker 1: era of Mars exploration and a new era of Lunar exploration.
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  Speaker 1: We're going to get to the second part in just
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  Speaker 1: a moment, but we will be using nuclear powered vehicles
• 17:32
  Speaker 1: that generate electricity that then have eye on propulsion, so
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  Speaker 1: it means it has very little nuclear source actually on
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  Speaker 1: board to explore the Solar system. A quote from director
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  Speaker 1: Isagman says, this this is the first nuclear powered interplanetary
• 17:47
  Speaker 1: spacecraft requiring operating temperatures less than nuclear thermal propulsion. The
• 17:51
  Speaker 1: thermal energy produced by the reactor generates electricity, which is
• 17:55
  Speaker 1: then used to power high efficiency electric thrusters. There we go,
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  Speaker 1: part of the statement from Jared Isiacman on the twenty
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  Speaker 1: fourth of March, just a couple of days from the ago,
• 18:07
  Speaker 1: from the recording of this show. So anyway, this is
• 18:09
  Speaker 1: a new era of space explanation. You wonder what kind
• 18:13
  Speaker 1: of rockets are we gonna need to go to Mars.
• 18:14
  Speaker 1: This is the kind of rocket right we are testing
• 18:18
  Speaker 1: it with with payloads. We are preparing it to take
• 18:22
  Speaker 1: human beings to the Red planet someday to colonize.
• 18:25
  Speaker 4: As much as we loved Ingenuity, I don't want anything
• 18:27
  Speaker 4: to happen to those helicopters either.
• 18:29
  Speaker 1: The helicopters in the story I read were almost an afterthought, like, oh,
• 18:33
  Speaker 1: I know, I'm helicopters science or something like that.
• 18:37
  Speaker 4: We definitely humanized Ingenuity a lot. I just got a
• 18:39
  Speaker 4: text message from Jerry Seinfeld and he said, and I.
• 18:42
  Speaker 1: Quote, what's the deal with these nuclear helicopters? I don't know.
• 18:47
  Speaker 1: We thank you for listening to Jerry. Yeah, I appreciate
• 18:49
  Speaker 1: that you have other things to do. You got a
• 18:51
  Speaker 1: show coming up. He's in the green room. Still, why
• 18:53
  Speaker 1: do they call him nuclear? I don't know, Jerry, I
• 18:56
  Speaker 1: don't know.
• 18:58
  Speaker 4: So let's talk about the Moon because obviously Mars is
• 19:02
  Speaker 4: a destination. We have a more immediate destination. Because we
• 19:06
  Speaker 4: just talked about what's going to happen on April first,
• 19:10
  Speaker 4: you know, a launch that needs to happen, hopefully will happen.
• 19:13
  Speaker 1: So that Artemis launch is the next step in us
• 19:16
  Speaker 1: going and actually putting human beings on the moon. For
• 19:20
  Speaker 1: you got to go around the moon so we can
• 19:22
  Speaker 1: go to the moon. We are living in an era
• 19:24
  Speaker 1: where we're going to the moon, right, so, well, we
• 19:27
  Speaker 1: did that in the sixties, but the NASA model has
• 19:29
  Speaker 1: been we're going back to stay. We're going to go
• 19:33
  Speaker 1: there to actually colonize, to actually put habitats on the
• 19:36
  Speaker 1: surface of the Moon. Another one of our former students,
• 19:40
  Speaker 1: Sheryl Cocher, is actually working at the Marshall Space Flight
• 19:43
  Speaker 1: Center today. She's wonder about today Saturday. She's working now
• 19:47
  Speaker 1: during this period of time at the Marshall Space Flight Center,
• 19:49
  Speaker 1: she's collaborating with the Italian Space Agency. They're figuring out
• 19:52
  Speaker 1: how to turn moon dirt into bricks so that they
• 19:56
  Speaker 1: can build habitats on the Moon. She's a geology student
• 20:00
  Speaker 1: from the Department of Earth and Space Sciences here at
• 20:02
  Speaker 1: Columbus State University. She knows a fair amount about dirt, Troy,
• 20:04
  Speaker 1: I think that's Zach and Cheryl are actually seven two
• 20:13
  Speaker 1: of seven of our former students from Cocoa Space Sciencestor
• 20:16
  Speaker 1: who are working at Marshall right now, which is pretty spectactic.
• 20:18
  Speaker 1: All named Coker. They all have. It's weird that they
• 20:21
  Speaker 1: all have the last name. I don't know what that is.
• 20:23
  Speaker 1: What are the odds of that it's Matt Coker and
• 20:26
  Speaker 1: Cameron Cocker, I know something like that anyway.
• 20:30
  Speaker 4: What's the name of it, the facility, the Coca Cola anyways,
• 20:33
  Speaker 4: it's a lot of Coker science and I don't know so,
• 20:37
  Speaker 4: but I want you to be excited about this notion
• 20:40
  Speaker 4: that you were living in a time where the United
• 20:42
  Speaker 4: States of America, your country, and working with international collaborators
• 20:46
  Speaker 4: are all working together to become an interplanetary species.
• 20:50
  Speaker 1: You're gonna get to see that happen live over the
• 20:53
  Speaker 1: next few years. Again, the announcement from Jared Isaacman on Tuesday,
• 20:58
  Speaker 1: NASA is committing twin see billion dollars over the next
• 21:01
  Speaker 1: seven years. It's a good period of time, so it's
• 21:04
  Speaker 1: going to spread that out. Remember NASA's budget is it's
• 21:07
  Speaker 1: about that anyway for a single year. But they're going
• 21:09
  Speaker 1: to commit that funding to put human beings on the
• 21:12
  Speaker 1: surface of the Moon so that we can actually build
• 21:15
  Speaker 1: infrastructure and become a multiplanetary species. To quote Jared Isacman
• 21:20
  Speaker 1: once again, quote, if we concentrate NASA's extraordinary resources on
• 21:25
  Speaker 1: the objectives of the National Space Policy, clear away needless
• 21:28
  Speaker 1: obstacles that impede progress, and unleash the workforce and the
• 21:32
  Speaker 1: industrial might of our nation and partners, then returning to
• 21:36
  Speaker 1: the Moon and building a base will seem pale in
• 21:38
  Speaker 1: comparison to what will be what we will be capable
• 21:41
  Speaker 1: of accomplishing in the years ahead. I'm happy that we
• 21:45
  Speaker 1: have somebody speak who speaks like that, who's in charge
• 21:48
  Speaker 1: of our space agency. Friends, I remember a young man
• 21:51
  Speaker 1: by the name of Kennedy said some pretty inspiring words
• 21:55
  Speaker 1: a few decades ago, and we ended up putting people
• 21:57
  Speaker 1: on the Moon. Then I like people who who are
• 22:00
  Speaker 1: forward thinking and who have the ability to put conversations
• 22:04
  Speaker 1: together to inspire a nation and a workforce to accomplish
• 22:08
  Speaker 1: great things. I believe Jared Isaacman's that person, and we
• 22:12
  Speaker 1: are living in that time right now, and.
• 22:15
  Speaker 4: It's also important, yeah, And it's also important that we
• 22:20
  Speaker 4: have someone who understands that we are now in a
• 22:22
  Speaker 4: space race again, and there are other countries who also
• 22:27
  Speaker 4: want to build a moon base and they have their
• 22:30
  Speaker 4: hopes and dreams and aspirations on that, so it becomes
• 22:33
  Speaker 4: important to get there first. And sometimes you need that
• 22:37
  Speaker 4: bit of competition and drive to make things happen.
• 22:39
  Speaker 1: So one of the things you have to do is
• 22:41
  Speaker 1: you have to come when you when you're coming in
• 22:43
  Speaker 1: and you really have a vision for rapid change in
• 22:46
  Speaker 1: an agency like NASA, you have to be willing to
• 22:48
  Speaker 1: come in and look at things that are going on
• 22:51
  Speaker 1: that are not working and just don't say we're just
• 22:55
  Speaker 1: going to continue this project because we've been doing it
• 22:57
  Speaker 1: for a long time. The project's not working, it's not viable.
• 23:01
  Speaker 1: One of those projects was called Gateway. The Gateway was
• 23:05
  Speaker 1: taking something that's basically like the International Space Station, building
• 23:09
  Speaker 1: that and constructing it in orbit around the Moon so
• 23:12
  Speaker 1: that we can come and go to that space station
• 23:14
  Speaker 1: and then go down to the service of the Moon.
• 23:16
  Speaker 1: Lunar Gateway is an interesting idea, but it just wasn't working,
• 23:20
  Speaker 1: and it's way over budget and past due, and it
• 23:23
  Speaker 1: actually was becoming one of the impediments that he was
• 23:26
  Speaker 1: talking about keeping us from actually going to the Moon
• 23:29
  Speaker 1: and getting the project done. So he's cutting the program. Now. Listen,
• 23:34
  Speaker 1: they've been working on it a while. They have the
• 23:37
  Speaker 1: thing about two thirds of the way fabricated. You might say, well,
• 23:42
  Speaker 1: isn't that a gigantic waste of tax dollars? If I
• 23:44
  Speaker 1: stop there, it does feel like that, But let me
• 23:47
  Speaker 1: tell you the plan. Hey, what if we took these
• 23:49
  Speaker 1: components and instead of assembling like legos in orbit around
• 23:53
  Speaker 1: the Moon a space station that still doesn't get us
• 23:56
  Speaker 1: to the service of the Moon, what if we take
• 23:58
  Speaker 1: some of those components and use them as the seeds
• 24:01
  Speaker 1: for that new space station on the surface of the Moon.
• 24:05
  Speaker 1: And that is now what NASA is going to be
• 24:07
  Speaker 1: pivoting toward. They're going to be using some of those
• 24:09
  Speaker 1: already fabricated components to be able to place habitats on
• 24:13
  Speaker 1: the surface of the Moon. Then they'll use Cheryl's bricks
• 24:16
  Speaker 1: that she's developing and stick those on there and start
• 24:18
  Speaker 1: building an actual lunar laboratory and habitat for human beings
• 24:23
  Speaker 1: on the surface of the Moon. To me, this feels
• 24:25
  Speaker 1: like a really great idea. Let me tell you one
• 24:27
  Speaker 1: of the other rapid changes. We had one company that
• 24:30
  Speaker 1: was leading the way for a lander. That was SpaceX.
• 24:33
  Speaker 1: Jared Isiagman's acquaintances with Elon Musk. Isaacman actually flew on
• 24:38
  Speaker 1: SpaceX vehicles to go to orbit himself. But Jared Isisichman
• 24:42
  Speaker 1: has coming in and basically said this, look Elon Musk, SpaceX,
• 24:46
  Speaker 1: Look Jeff Bezos, Blue Origin, the other company working to
• 24:49
  Speaker 1: build something that can land on the surface of the Moon.
• 24:52
  Speaker 1: We need to have faster progress, and what you're doing
• 24:56
  Speaker 1: is not working out. And so he basically said this,
• 25:01
  Speaker 1: you need to accelerate the production of your lunar landers.
• 25:06
  Speaker 1: And if you're not able to perform, or if you're
• 25:10
  Speaker 1: underperforming on the contracts that NASA has assigned for you.
• 25:13
  Speaker 1: The quote is from Jared Eiserman, expect uncomfortable actions. So
• 25:19
  Speaker 1: he's kind of firing a shot across the bow of
• 25:22
  Speaker 1: America's two biggest commercial space companies and saying you're not
• 25:27
  Speaker 1: performing to spec we need you to do better. And
• 25:31
  Speaker 1: the quote that I when I read this kind of
• 25:33
  Speaker 1: went WHOA, that's that's pretty that's pretty deep. Expect uncomfortable actions.
• 25:37
  Speaker 1: He's willing to pull the cord on those landers and
• 25:41
  Speaker 1: go with a third party lander that is still to
• 25:44
  Speaker 1: be developed if necessary, somebody who can get this done
• 25:47
  Speaker 1: and get it done in the right time perspective, So
• 25:49
  Speaker 1: Coker brand lander, we could have the Coker Lander, Zach.
• 25:52
  Speaker 1: I hope you're listening. I hope you're working on that
• 25:53
  Speaker 1: right now. You probably are in that three D printer
• 25:56
  Speaker 1: of your years. I know, I know that three D
• 25:58
  Speaker 1: printer reviewers. It's pretty good. So I just I just
• 26:01
  Speaker 1: want to emphasize once again, I do believe we have
• 26:03
  Speaker 1: a NASA director who is pushing us in a progressive way,
• 26:07
  Speaker 1: in a way that is positive, but also is shaking
• 26:11
  Speaker 1: up things a little bit. It's a bit of disruption
• 26:13
  Speaker 1: taking place in the NASA plan right now. So we're
• 26:16
  Speaker 1: looking forward to a good result from that.
• 26:19
  Speaker 4: Well, we need a little ambition, we need a little drive,
• 26:21
  Speaker 4: and we need to remember that we are in a
• 26:23
  Speaker 4: space race and sometimes that's what gets the best out
• 26:26
  Speaker 4: of you more.
• 26:27
  Speaker 5: We're made of stars, right after this this.
• 26:50
  Speaker 4: Story, and I couldn't help but think about Marvel and
• 26:53
  Speaker 4: the Infinity Gauntlet.
• 26:54
  Speaker 1: So bear with me. I told you I was nerdy.
• 26:57
  Speaker 4: This is a seven hour gamma ray burst in space,
• 27:02
  Speaker 4: if I remember correctly. And help me out here, my
• 27:04
  Speaker 4: Marvel fan. So when they snapped the Infinity Gauntlet, it's
• 27:07
  Speaker 4: a giant gamma burst, right, That's why.
• 27:09
  Speaker 1: The hole could do it.
• 27:10
  Speaker 4: Spoiler alert, So seven hours long.
• 27:15
  Speaker 1: What's Stano's up to in space? Thanos is up to something.
• 27:18
  Speaker 1: I don't know exactly.
• 27:19
  Speaker 4: Is he just listening to a good song and he's
• 27:21
  Speaker 4: just snapping away.
• 27:23
  Speaker 1: Thanos took a couple of black holes and just smashed
• 27:25
  Speaker 1: them to the together, like symbols in a band or
• 27:27
  Speaker 1: something else. This kind of.
• 27:29
  Speaker 4: Burst is just like seconds of it is what the
• 27:33
  Speaker 4: life span of a star like our son, so it
• 27:36
  Speaker 4: would be put off that much energy. The most powerful
• 27:40
  Speaker 4: explosions to ever occur in the universe other than the
• 27:42
  Speaker 4: Big Bang except itself, are gamma ray bursts.
• 27:47
  Speaker 1: They don't last very long. They were a mystery to
• 27:50
  Speaker 1: astronomers for a long time because they're just like a
• 27:52
  Speaker 1: little flash that goes off and it's only a matter
• 27:54
  Speaker 1: of seconds and our gamma ray burst detected something, but
• 27:57
  Speaker 1: we don't know what direction it's coming, so we don't
• 27:59
  Speaker 1: know where to point the telescopes to go look at
• 28:01
  Speaker 1: the thing that blew up, right, So they're they were
• 28:04
  Speaker 1: very hard to pin down for a very long time. Well, finally,
• 28:07
  Speaker 1: America's Space program we developed UH space telescopes that were
• 28:12
  Speaker 1: specifically built to try to find where these gamma ray
• 28:15
  Speaker 1: bursts were happening, so we could try to pin them down.
• 28:17
  Speaker 1: Are they happening in our own galaxy? Are they happening
• 28:20
  Speaker 1: in distant galaxies? It turns out they were happening in
• 28:22
  Speaker 1: distant galaxies. So now you have ridiculous amounts of energy
• 28:27
  Speaker 1: coming from a gamma ray burst from a distant galaxy
• 28:31
  Speaker 1: arriving at the Earth with really high intensity. What could
• 28:36
  Speaker 1: be going on? Well, so we still don't know the answer.
• 28:40
  Speaker 1: Can I just say that it could be Thanos? But
• 28:44
  Speaker 1: probably not so, but it could be it could be
• 28:46
  Speaker 1: a variety of chance. I'm saying there's a chance, but
• 28:49
  Speaker 1: not a big chance, and call Tony, right, we got
• 28:52
  Speaker 1: to call Tony Stark and remind him that Thanos is
• 28:55
  Speaker 1: still out there. So one of the suggestions put forward
• 28:58
  Speaker 1: was what if too neutral stars collided. What if two neutrons?
• 29:02
  Speaker 1: What if two stars were in orbit around each other,
• 29:06
  Speaker 1: then those stars both went through a supernova explosion, leftover
• 29:09
  Speaker 1: neutron stars. They're still orbiting around each other, but they
• 29:12
  Speaker 1: became became orbitally unstable, and then they fell into each other.
• 29:16
  Speaker 1: What would happen when one neutron star ran into another
• 29:19
  Speaker 1: neutron star. So astrophysicists who do modeling said, yep, that
• 29:24
  Speaker 1: could do it. That's a big enough explosion to produce
• 29:28
  Speaker 1: the shortest duration of these gamma ray bursts. We could
• 29:31
  Speaker 1: maybe make them that way. Well, what if it was
• 29:34
  Speaker 1: the same scenario, two really big massive stars, they're orbiting
• 29:37
  Speaker 1: each other, they both go through supernova explosions, and then
• 29:40
  Speaker 1: they both leave black holes. But now these black holes
• 29:42
  Speaker 1: could be in potentially decaying orbits. What if two black
• 29:46
  Speaker 1: holes ran into each other. The people who calculate such things,
• 29:50
  Speaker 1: they tell us, yes, that's absolutely enough energy to then
• 29:55
  Speaker 1: produce one of these one of these events that lasts
• 29:59
  Speaker 1: a little bit long, longer time, a little bit longer duration,
• 30:02
  Speaker 1: has a little bit higher energy. But we are still
• 30:04
  Speaker 1: talking about seconds in duration. The gamma ray burst that
• 30:10
  Speaker 1: wes Carroll just told you about one that has been
• 30:12
  Speaker 1: recently discovered or and analyzed. It is in the catalog world.
• 30:17
  Speaker 1: It's GRB that stands for gamma ray burst GRB twenty
• 30:21
  Speaker 1: five zero seven zero two B. What does that part
• 30:25
  Speaker 1: stand for, I'm just kidding B. It means it's not
• 30:28
  Speaker 1: a okay, all right? So so gamma ray burst twenty
• 30:32
  Speaker 1: five zero seven zero two B lasted seven hours. Now,
• 30:38
  Speaker 1: let me give you just a little bit more perspective.
• 30:41
  Speaker 1: In the sort of five to ten second version, that
• 30:44
  Speaker 1: gamma ray burst emits more energy than the Sun does
• 30:49
  Speaker 1: in its entire ten billion year lifespan. The Sun produces
• 30:55
  Speaker 1: more energy in one second than human beings have in
• 30:58
  Speaker 1: their entire existence. All the campfires, all the big nuclear bombs,
• 31:04
  Speaker 1: all the nuclear power plants, sum up all that stuff.
• 31:07
  Speaker 1: The Sun puts off more energy in one second by
• 31:10
  Speaker 1: not a little bit, by a lot nuclear helicopters, and
• 31:12
  Speaker 1: all the nuclear added to the nuclear helicopters. Who said that,
• 31:17
  Speaker 1: and then in ten billion years of that energy output,
• 31:20
  Speaker 1: it doesn't equate to ten seconds of a gamma ray burst.
• 31:24
  Speaker 1: This gamma ray burst was detected to last for seven hours.
• 31:30
  Speaker 1: Nothing like this had ever been observed before. However, the
• 31:35
  Speaker 1: James Webspace Telescope has now come back and revealed some
• 31:37
  Speaker 1: new clues about this mysterious cosmic ray explosion. This object
• 31:42
  Speaker 1: shows extreme properties that are difficult to explain, so says
• 31:47
  Speaker 1: Huey Sears, a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Physics
• 31:50
  Speaker 1: and Astronomy at Rutger's School of Arts and Sciences who
• 31:53
  Speaker 1: is studying the explosion. Hue goes on to say, usually
• 31:56
  Speaker 1: these bursts are over in less than a minute, but
• 31:59
  Speaker 1: this gamma ray burs lasted for seven hours and even
• 32:01
  Speaker 1: showed signs of X ray activity the day prior. There's
• 32:05
  Speaker 1: the important part. X rays were already coming from this
• 32:08
  Speaker 1: object a whole day before. How could that be possible.
• 32:13
  Speaker 1: So one of the new clues that's coming out is
• 32:16
  Speaker 1: that this could be an object where a star, a
• 32:20
  Speaker 1: big star, made too close of a pass to a
• 32:24
  Speaker 1: fairly large black hole, and the black hole began to
• 32:28
  Speaker 1: pull that star in, but it began feeding off the
• 32:31
  Speaker 1: energy from that star the day before, and then as
• 32:34
  Speaker 1: that star infell then the massive explosion happened. But it
• 32:38
  Speaker 1: happened over a much slower duration than just simply one
• 32:42
  Speaker 1: collapsed star falling into another collapse star. So therefore then
• 32:46
  Speaker 1: you have a prolonged period of time where you have
• 32:49
  Speaker 1: a substantial amount of X ray burst. There could be
• 32:53
  Speaker 1: another one too. It could also be that a black hole,
• 32:56
  Speaker 1: by its intensive gravity, is also involved in pulling in
• 33:00
  Speaker 1: another black hole, but that process then happens very slowly,
• 33:05
  Speaker 1: massive black hole pulling in a smaller black hole. That
• 33:08
  Speaker 1: process could also take place a little bit more slowly
• 33:11
  Speaker 1: over a period of time. This is not a solved mystery,
• 33:14
  Speaker 1: but this was unlike any explosion that human beings have
• 33:17
  Speaker 1: ever recorded in human history. So this is a really,
• 33:22
  Speaker 1: really unusual event. More eyes on this as we go.
• 33:25
  Speaker 1: We'll be watching. If there are any more stories about this
• 33:29
  Speaker 1: particular gammory burst, we will let you know. All this
• 33:32
  Speaker 1: talk about black holes.
• 33:33
  Speaker 4: Just want to remind you as a public service, forty
• 33:35
  Speaker 4: five is the age to get your colonoscopy.
• 33:37
  Speaker 1: If you haven't already.
• 33:38
  Speaker 4: Done it, forty five as the recommended age, talk to
• 33:42
  Speaker 4: your doctor or get one of those boxes that you
• 33:45
  Speaker 4: can go in. I don't just a reminder. If you
• 33:48
  Speaker 4: use one of those boxes, mail it to the correct address.
• 33:50
  Speaker 4: Otherwise it's a felony. If you send it to the
• 33:56
  Speaker 4: wrong especially if it's an X.
• 33:59
  Speaker 1: Don't do that, all right.
• 34:01
  Speaker 4: This is one of those headlines that we see. This
• 34:04
  Speaker 4: is why he can't take me anywhere.
• 34:07
  Speaker 1: You invited me here. I love to do this podcast
• 34:09
  Speaker 1: with you, and the spontaneity in which you show is
• 34:12
  Speaker 1: part of the reason. My friend.
• 34:14
  Speaker 4: One of the headlines that we see sometimes and we go, Okay,
• 34:20
  Speaker 4: this can't be right. Something's weird here, and Jerry Seinfeld
• 34:26
  Speaker 4: just sent me a text about it.
• 34:27
  Speaker 1: Now.
• 34:29
  Speaker 4: The headline that I've seen floating around the line says
• 34:31
  Speaker 4: AI finds over one hundred alien worlds.
• 34:34
  Speaker 1: What's with all these alien worlds? What's the deal with AI? Yes,
• 34:40
  Speaker 1: I'm looking to be intelligent. If it's sort of fit,
• 34:42
  Speaker 1: I don't know. So this is not right right. This
• 34:47
  Speaker 1: is another social media headline AI finds over one hundred
• 34:50
  Speaker 1: alien worlds. It's not exactly how it went down. I mean,
• 34:54
  Speaker 1: there were over one hundred alien worlds that AI had
• 34:58
  Speaker 1: something to do with. The social media headlines not quite right.
• 35:01
  Speaker 1: The actual headline from PiZZ dot org that's the American
• 35:05
  Speaker 1: Physical Society. They're a straight laced bunch. The actual headline
• 35:09
  Speaker 1: is this AI approach uncovers dozens of hidden planets in
• 35:13
  Speaker 1: NASA's test data. Now, somehow that headline was conflated on
• 35:18
  Speaker 1: social media to AI finds over one hundred alien worlds. Okay,
• 35:22
  Speaker 1: but here's the story test the test satellite. Let me
• 35:25
  Speaker 1: tell you just a little bit about the Test satellite.
• 35:28
  Speaker 1: First of all, the way that we most efficiently find
• 35:31
  Speaker 1: alien planets. We are talking about exoplanets. They are planets
• 35:35
  Speaker 1: that orbit stars not named the Sun. Okay, so, planets
• 35:39
  Speaker 1: orbiting other stars. The most efficient way we find these
• 35:42
  Speaker 1: is by the planet passing in front of the face
• 35:46
  Speaker 1: of that other star, and that is called a transit.
• 35:50
  Speaker 1: So hence the t SO the test satellite is the
• 35:54
  Speaker 1: Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite TESS. Hence the night pleasant name
• 36:00
  Speaker 1: of Tests tests the spaceship. So, NASA's Tests mission is
• 36:05
  Speaker 1: a mission that's monitoring over two hundred thousand of our
• 36:10
  Speaker 1: best friends. Two hundred thousand of our best friends, you know,
• 36:12
  Speaker 1: west we get them together for a backyard barbecue. Two
• 36:14
  Speaker 1: hundred thousand nearby stars in the Milky Way galaxy of
• 36:19
  Speaker 1: the most nearby stars, and so TESTS is monitoring those
• 36:23
  Speaker 1: nearby stars to look for these dimming episodes and when
• 36:27
  Speaker 1: it finds them, it collects them in a database. Well,
• 36:30
  Speaker 1: normally it's the job of a graduate student in physics
• 36:33
  Speaker 1: or astronomy to be assigned to go through massive databases,
• 36:37
  Speaker 1: you know, with you know, like a fine tooth comb
• 36:38
  Speaker 1: and a magnifying glass, trying to find all of the
• 36:41
  Speaker 1: odd stuff in that massive, massive database. Here's where AI
• 36:46
  Speaker 1: comes in. We just pull up Claude or chat GPT
• 36:51
  Speaker 1: or I don't know who's your favorite diet this time,
• 36:54
  Speaker 1: it's Raven. Raven is a special artificial intelligence program made
• 36:59
  Speaker 1: to sort through the data from the test satellite and
• 37:03
  Speaker 1: it was done from a group by the out of
• 37:06
  Speaker 1: the University of Warwick in the UK. They developed this
• 37:09
  Speaker 1: Raven AI program to look through this massive database to
• 37:15
  Speaker 1: watch for these dimming events and they found many of them,
• 37:19
  Speaker 1: over one hundred of them in the recent data set.
• 37:23
  Speaker 1: This is quoting doctor Marina Lufargo Margo, postdoctor, researcher and
• 37:29
  Speaker 1: first author on the paper. She said this, using our
• 37:32
  Speaker 1: newly developed Raven pipeline, we were able to validate one
• 37:36
  Speaker 1: hundred and eighteen new planets and over two thousand high
• 37:40
  Speaker 1: quality planet candidates, and nearly a thousand of them are
• 37:44
  Speaker 1: entirely new. So the interesting thing is this tests identifies
• 37:49
  Speaker 1: a blinking star and calls it a good planet a candidate. Right,
• 37:52
  Speaker 1: this is a good planet candidate. And then people go
• 37:56
  Speaker 1: out and observe those planets and say, oh, yeah, no,
• 37:58
  Speaker 1: this one is actually blinking the way we think it is.
• 38:00
  Speaker 1: It is actually because of an exoplanet system around that
• 38:03
  Speaker 1: star out there in the distance. So the new Raven
• 38:07
  Speaker 1: pipeline was able to pull out two thousand of those
• 38:11
  Speaker 1: new candidates to say, yes, these are ones we really
• 38:14
  Speaker 1: do need to go look at. In addition, it found
• 38:17
  Speaker 1: a thousand of them that tests missed, right, that tests
• 38:20
  Speaker 1: didn't even identify as a possible source. So Raven said, hey,
• 38:23
  Speaker 1: you might want to look at these thousand also. But
• 38:26
  Speaker 1: then it also confirmed one hundred and eighteen new planets.
• 38:31
  Speaker 1: Now here's the thing. We already knew about some of those, right,
• 38:35
  Speaker 1: We already knew about about eighty or of those or
• 38:39
  Speaker 1: eighty five. So what that tells us, though, is Tests
• 38:43
  Speaker 1: is actually, I'm sorry, Raven is actually locating real exoplanets
• 38:46
  Speaker 1: that we already know about. So that's a test case.
• 38:49
  Speaker 1: That's a test bed, so it's working. And then tests
• 38:51
  Speaker 1: went on to say, and yeah, there's about you know,
• 38:53
  Speaker 1: another forty so of those exoplanets you guys don't even
• 38:57
  Speaker 1: know about yet. So let me just tell you that.
• 38:59
  Speaker 1: It's I don't know if Raven talks like that. I
• 39:02
  Speaker 1: don't know if that's exact exactly the speech pattern for Raven,
• 39:04
  Speaker 1: but it's something like that. It says, yes, these are
• 39:08
  Speaker 1: actually exoplanets and they're in your data set, and I'm
• 39:11
  Speaker 1: confirming them for you. So really, Raven found you know,
• 39:15
  Speaker 1: dozens of new exoplanets. That's really the correct headline. But
• 39:19
  Speaker 1: we are now living in a really interesting period of
• 39:21
  Speaker 1: time because everybody's saying, oh AI is going to take
• 39:25
  Speaker 1: over the world. Oh AI is going to take over
• 39:27
  Speaker 1: our jobs. Well, I don't know about that, but I
• 39:28
  Speaker 1: can tell you this AI is providing to be. It's
• 39:31
  Speaker 1: proving to be a very powerful tool for data analysis
• 39:34
  Speaker 1: and sifting through very large data sets, and that can
• 39:38
  Speaker 1: help us as human beings in many of really useful
• 39:41
  Speaker 1: and resourceful ways to make our lives better. So let's
• 39:45
  Speaker 1: hear it for the group out of University of Warwick
• 39:48
  Speaker 1: and the Raven pipeline.
• 39:50
  Speaker 4: Yeah, not only can AI be used for that, it
• 39:54
  Speaker 4: can also make videos of Luci Oball and Ricky Ricardo
• 39:58
  Speaker 4: singing Kiki d and Elton John don't go breaking my heart.
• 40:01
  Speaker 1: I missed that one.
• 40:02
  Speaker 4: That one frequently pops up in my feet and I'm like,
• 40:04
  Speaker 4: what have I done for this to keep popping up
• 40:06
  Speaker 4: in my feet? I don't know what my algorithm is,
• 40:09
  Speaker 4: but apparently it's that more made of stars. Right after this,
• 40:34
  Speaker 4: this is the portion where we're finally gonna get around
• 40:36
  Speaker 4: and taking some questions from you guys. So again we're
• 40:40
  Speaker 4: not gonna break down, you know, quantum physics, ornthing and
• 40:43
  Speaker 4: a short he might I'm I'm I'll talk about thanos.
• 40:47
  Speaker 4: So anybody have a question that they would like to ask,
• 40:50
  Speaker 4: just raise your hand and we're gonna have you come.
• 40:53
  Speaker 4: You can come on over here, Come on, and you
• 40:55
  Speaker 4: don't have to touch the mic. You just speak right
• 40:57
  Speaker 4: into the microphone and anybody else think of any questions
• 41:00
  Speaker 4: that you may have.
• 41:00
  Speaker 1: About what we've talked about.
• 41:02
  Speaker 4: Or that microphone right there behind you there you go, yeah,
• 41:06
  Speaker 4: that's the one, that's the one, and you just step
• 41:08
  Speaker 4: up to it and uh, let us see what's your name, Dominique,
• 41:12
  Speaker 4: Dominic and what is your question?
• 41:15
  Speaker 1: Dominic? So uh do need y'all know about New Scorpii. Dominic,
• 41:22
  Speaker 1: by the way, great question, So thank you for like
• 41:25
  Speaker 1: I like people who pay attention and especially to unique
• 41:28
  Speaker 1: details like this one. So New Scorpii is a rare
• 41:31
  Speaker 1: multiple star system in the console. I knew it was
• 41:33
  Speaker 1: in Scorpius, by the way, in the Constellation of Scorpius.
• 41:35
  Speaker 1: But it is a seven star system. Now let me
• 41:37
  Speaker 1: tell you why that's weird. Because usually if you can
• 41:41
  Speaker 1: have a couple of stars that orbit around each other,
• 41:44
  Speaker 1: and those can fall into what we call stable orbits.
• 41:47
  Speaker 1: But there's something called a three body problem. There was
• 41:49
  Speaker 1: actually a good sci fi movie called the three body Problem.
• 41:52
  Speaker 1: But the three body problem is once you introduce another
• 41:55
  Speaker 1: body into that system, generally a lot of times in
• 41:58
  Speaker 1: a gravitational system, by adding the third piece, it throws
• 42:01
  Speaker 1: off the whole system. They've become gravitationally unstable, and somebody's
• 42:05
  Speaker 1: getting kicked out of the party. Right. So this star
• 42:08
  Speaker 1: system that you've now brought to my attention is a
• 42:10
  Speaker 1: seven star system. So, friends, what Dominic's asking about is
• 42:16
  Speaker 1: how can there be seven stars that are orbiting around
• 42:19
  Speaker 1: one another. What we've discovered is that systems can have
• 42:23
  Speaker 1: multiple two star systems, right, So they're in stable orbits
• 42:27
  Speaker 1: around each other. So these two are orbiting, they're okay.
• 42:30
  Speaker 1: These two over here are orbiting, They're okay. And these
• 42:32
  Speaker 1: two are over here are orbiting, They're okay. And then
• 42:34
  Speaker 1: they can actually be orbiting around a common center of
• 42:37
  Speaker 1: mass or a common center of gravity. And so that's
• 42:39
  Speaker 1: the weird thing about this system. It appears to be
• 42:42
  Speaker 1: a seven star dance of gravitational balance that has somehow
• 42:47
  Speaker 1: survived the three body problem or the gravitational instabilities to
• 42:51
  Speaker 1: be a really cool, gravitationally stable multiple star system. And
• 42:57
  Speaker 1: you know how there were two sons in Star Wars, right,
• 43:00
  Speaker 1: then this is like imagine seven sons sitting were the
• 43:03
  Speaker 1: three or the three sons, and anyway, there are seven
• 43:06
  Speaker 1: stars that would be setting you in your in your
• 43:09
  Speaker 1: sunset sky. That'd be pretty crazy, right, pretty interesting. Great question, guys,
• 43:13
  Speaker 1: give it up for Dominate.
• 43:15
  Speaker 4: Yeah, anybody else got a question.
• 43:19
  Speaker 1: Let's talk more after the show. By the way, this beautiful.
• 43:22
  Speaker 4: Woman up here in the glasses has a question for us.
• 43:25
  Speaker 1: Come get rid no, sir, and.
• 43:30
  Speaker 6: My question is, can you share a little bit about
• 43:32
  Speaker 6: the Artemis two crew, the individuals that will be on
• 43:36
  Speaker 6: part of the crew.
• 43:37
  Speaker 1: Yes, I can just give me one second.
• 43:41
  Speaker 4: Sadly, one of them is not me, even though the
• 43:45
  Speaker 4: lady who asked the question would not let me go
• 43:50
  Speaker 4: even a little bit, nor the one sitting next to her.
• 43:53
  Speaker 1: That's right. So the Artemis two crew is unique in
• 43:56
  Speaker 1: a couple of ways. First of all, three three of
• 44:00
  Speaker 1: them are Americans, one of them is Canadian. This is
• 44:02
  Speaker 1: the first time a Canadian will be joining on an
• 44:04
  Speaker 1: actual American mission out of Earth orbit. Right, So, in
• 44:08
  Speaker 1: other words, no Canadians were involved in the Apollo program.
• 44:11
  Speaker 3: Right.
• 44:11
  Speaker 1: That's just basically a way of saying that.
• 44:13
  Speaker 4: And I'd just like to point out that the Canadian
• 44:15
  Speaker 4: was added out of sympathy for all the US hockey wins,
• 44:19
  Speaker 4: so you know, I mean USA. Right.
• 44:23
  Speaker 1: Wow, that was a good tea, but it didn't go
• 44:27
  Speaker 1: all right, I thought so. But anyway, the Canadian is
• 44:29
  Speaker 1: a mission specialist and his name is Jeremy Hansen. So
• 44:32
  Speaker 1: Jeremy Hanson first Canadian to be going on a mission
• 44:36
  Speaker 1: to the Moon. The other three are all NASA astronauts
• 44:39
  Speaker 1: of Victor Glover who's mission specialist, Christina Cook, and Reed Weisman,
• 44:44
  Speaker 1: who is the commander of the mission. Now here's the
• 44:46
  Speaker 1: other interesting thing. Just demographically speaking, Christina Cook first female
• 44:52
  Speaker 1: to be on a mission to the Moon, right, And
• 44:54
  Speaker 1: that's an important and it's an important inclusive component to
• 44:58
  Speaker 1: this crew that's being sent out to the Moon. And
• 45:00
  Speaker 1: also Victor Glover, he's the pilot of the mission. Victor
• 45:04
  Speaker 1: Glover is an African American, so the first time an
• 45:06
  Speaker 1: African American will be included on a mission like this.
• 45:09
  Speaker 1: And look, this is these are great milestones. All of
• 45:13
  Speaker 1: these first were going to happen anyway. NASA made sure
• 45:15
  Speaker 1: that these first were going to be on this mission.
• 45:17
  Speaker 1: What I'm excited about is potentially also the first female
• 45:22
  Speaker 1: to set foot on the surface of the Moon. There's
• 45:24
  Speaker 1: a young lady who's in that program, the Artemis program,
• 45:28
  Speaker 1: who is actually a visitor to us here at the
• 45:31
  Speaker 1: Space Science Center, and we are hoping that that person
• 45:35
  Speaker 1: is included. She's an Artymis astronaut. We're hoping that she's
• 45:38
  Speaker 1: included in a crew that's actually going to go down
• 45:41
  Speaker 1: to the surface of the Moon. So that would be great.
• 45:44
  Speaker 1: Is that Katy Perry. It's not Katy Perry, oh.
• 45:47
  Speaker 4: Because she went to space. She's an astronaut. She took
• 45:50
  Speaker 4: selfies of herself instead of looking out the window.
• 45:53
  Speaker 1: Oh my goodness, why was she taking selfies? Anyway?
• 45:56
  Speaker 4: Excellent question. Any more questions? Oh, here we go, and
• 46:00
  Speaker 4: what is your name?
• 46:01
  Speaker 1: Hi?
• 46:02
  Speaker 6: My name's Corey. I have a question. It's kind of
• 46:04
  Speaker 6: like theoretical, I guess, but it's in reference to the
• 46:07
  Speaker 6: seven hour explosion of gamma rays.
• 46:09
  Speaker 1: Yeah.
• 46:10
  Speaker 6: If it was perhaps two neutron stars that were perhaps
• 46:14
  Speaker 6: massive and energetic enough to collide with each other, and
• 46:17
  Speaker 6: we saw that emission for seven hours and then it
• 46:19
  Speaker 6: went dark, do we have other data that might not
• 46:22
  Speaker 6: suggest it might be kind of like the the cosmological timeline,
• 46:27
  Speaker 6: like perhaps that first emission from the Big Bang and
• 46:30
  Speaker 6: then the cosmic dark ages that follow.
• 46:32
  Speaker 4: Let me take this one, Shawn, go ahead, West jump
• 46:34
  Speaker 4: in in short, by the way, in short, Yeah, you
• 46:42
  Speaker 4: got anything to add to that.
• 46:43
  Speaker 1: Sean, It was a nice summary. It was good. So
• 46:47
  Speaker 1: here's the one thing. We do actually see radiation left
• 46:50
  Speaker 1: over from the Big Bang, and we see it in
• 46:53
  Speaker 1: that direction over there, but we also see it in
• 46:57
  Speaker 1: that direction over there, and we see it in that
• 46:59
  Speaker 1: direction behind me and down below me, and in every
• 47:02
  Speaker 1: direction you can point point towards Jerry Seinfeld, right, and
• 47:05
  Speaker 1: we see it right over Jerry Seinfeld over the river center.
• 47:07
  Speaker 1: That's right over there. So here's the thing about the
• 47:10
  Speaker 1: radiation left over from the Big Bang. That signature occurred
• 47:14
  Speaker 1: in a location where the Big Bang also occurred, but
• 47:17
  Speaker 1: that location's name was everywhere, because space itself expanded out
• 47:22
  Speaker 1: from that thought point of a singularity in which the
• 47:26
  Speaker 1: universe was, and so it's in every direction. But the
• 47:30
  Speaker 1: gamma ray burst itself is in a very specific direction
• 47:33
  Speaker 1: in our universe. It really is in a certain direction,
• 47:36
  Speaker 1: and hence that catalog number that it has, right, it
• 47:39
  Speaker 1: is only over there. We find it only over there.
• 47:41
  Speaker 1: So that infers that it's an event that takes place
• 47:44
  Speaker 1: on a local kind of cosmological scale. Right, It's not
• 47:48
  Speaker 1: an everywhere kind of signature like the radiation ring from
• 47:52
  Speaker 1: the Big Bang left over. It's something like, Nope, there
• 47:55
  Speaker 1: was an event that was unique to that direction, unique
• 47:58
  Speaker 1: to circumstances taking place that direction, and therefore that signature
• 48:03
  Speaker 1: has to be from some event that was happening on
• 48:05
  Speaker 1: a local kind of scale. So that's a really good question.
• 48:07
  Speaker 1: It's really good thought. But it's some kind of an
• 48:11
  Speaker 1: event that happened between some guys that got together over
• 48:15
  Speaker 1: in that one part of the sky, And so then
• 48:17
  Speaker 1: you have to start going through the scenario of like, well,
• 48:19
  Speaker 1: what kind of things can we imagine that could have
• 48:21
  Speaker 1: possibly happened to only produce a gamory burst from that
• 48:24
  Speaker 1: only singular direction over there? Good question, though, I like
• 48:28
  Speaker 1: that one's good.
• 48:29
  Speaker 4: Yeah, I'd agree with all that. I think that's a
• 48:31
  Speaker 4: good answer. I mean, not exactly how I would have
• 48:34
  Speaker 4: put it. Anybody else have any questions before we want it? Yeah,
• 48:37
  Speaker 4: come on up, anybody want to ask me anything my
• 48:40
  Speaker 4: favorite sci fi horror movie or anything like that. You know,
• 48:43
  Speaker 4: that's kind of my feel just kidding. I was just
• 48:46
  Speaker 4: filling some time while our next question gets to the
• 48:50
  Speaker 4: micro It's great that we have the microphone for kids.
• 48:52
  Speaker 4: And then say, you're doing it right, you're not standing
• 48:54
  Speaker 4: up on the step. He stood on the step and
• 48:56
  Speaker 4: he looked like shack trying to talk on any DeVito's microphone. Anyway,
• 49:01
  Speaker 4: go ahead, what's your name?
• 49:02
  Speaker 3: My name is Atalta here in the astrophysics program. I
• 49:06
  Speaker 3: was going to ask, probably a stupid question I like
• 49:09
  Speaker 3: doing that. Is it possible that the seven hour gamma
• 49:12
  Speaker 3: ray burst could be coming? From like, you know, it
• 49:16
  Speaker 3: could be two black holes, right emerging maybe, But do
• 49:19
  Speaker 3: you think time dilation might be playing a role here?
• 49:22
  Speaker 1: Oh yeah, yeah, time dilation. You know, when I get
• 49:30
  Speaker 1: the really tough questions from astrophysics majors, I like to
• 49:33
  Speaker 1: just pass them off to Wes. Yeah, that's what I'm
• 49:35
  Speaker 1: here for.
• 49:36
  Speaker 4: You can thought about a dumb question. I got dumb answers.
• 49:41
  Speaker 1: So so look, I mean, so certainly time dilation is
• 49:45
  Speaker 1: going to end up being a factor, right, It is
• 49:48
  Speaker 1: going to be a factor because two things. Number one,
• 49:51
  Speaker 1: you're talking about expanding space time and some distance between
• 49:54
  Speaker 1: us and that object. Number Two, you're also talking about
• 49:57
  Speaker 1: a hyper warped environment if space time time when you're
• 50:00
  Speaker 1: talking about black holes. But here's the thing. A lot
• 50:05
  Speaker 1: of these gamma ray bursts are thought to be colliding
• 50:07
  Speaker 1: black holes, and they're not lasting seven hours. So even
• 50:12
  Speaker 1: though those relative relativistic effects are certainly a part of
• 50:15
  Speaker 1: the equation, we don't we don't know of a condition
• 50:19
  Speaker 1: that would cause time to dilate so greatly that it
• 50:23
  Speaker 1: would produce this extended duration. And then we also would
• 50:26
  Speaker 1: have to say, and we don't see it in any
• 50:29
  Speaker 1: of the other gamma ray bursts. Right, So, so there's
• 50:32
  Speaker 1: some circumstance, some weird uh set of of of of
• 50:36
  Speaker 1: pre existing conditions or initial conditions that cause this event
• 50:40
  Speaker 1: to be different than all the gamma ray bursts that
• 50:43
  Speaker 1: we've observed so far. So so right now, we don't
• 50:46
  Speaker 1: have a simple just I don't mean gravit I don't
• 50:49
  Speaker 1: mean the general relativity is simple and gravitational uh dimensions
• 50:53
  Speaker 1: being more free or simple, you know. So I'm not
• 50:55
  Speaker 1: saying that, But but that would end up being a
• 50:58
  Speaker 1: simple answer because it's a one cause answer. Right, Well, okay,
• 51:00
  Speaker 1: it's just it's just a regular ten second burst, except
• 51:03
  Speaker 1: that space time has been drastically warped so as to
• 51:07
  Speaker 1: create a time dilation out to seven hours. Would that
• 51:10
  Speaker 1: would itself require a really extreme event, and we also
• 51:15
  Speaker 1: don't see it in the other camray bursts. Is that
• 51:18
  Speaker 1: a reasonable answer? It something that's making this one outside
• 51:23
  Speaker 1: the data set and making this one strange, And we
• 51:25
  Speaker 1: already think that these really weird objects are caused by
• 51:28
  Speaker 1: black holes running into each other. So that's that's the twist, simple, simple,
• 51:34
  Speaker 1: easy stuff.
• 51:35
  Speaker 4: Predator, by the way, my favorite sci fi horror movie
• 51:39
  Speaker 4: of all time, because it's kind of a metaphor for
• 51:42
  Speaker 4: the AIDS epidemic. Think about it, you know, in a way.
• 51:46
  Speaker 4: All right, anybody else have a question? We got to
• 51:48
  Speaker 4: wrap things up, goes doctor Rosa Williams. Oh, come on
• 51:50
  Speaker 4: up here. This will be our last question for the
• 51:52
  Speaker 4: ups and this will be the best one. This is
• 51:54
  Speaker 4: my buddy, This is Stella. Please say your name? What's
• 51:57
  Speaker 4: your name?
• 51:59
  Speaker 1: There?
• 51:59
  Speaker 4: You go see, I'm good. I knew that it's got
• 52:01
  Speaker 4: to do with this time dilation thing. All right, Stella,
• 52:03
  Speaker 4: what's your question? What is the closest planet to Earth?
• 52:08
  Speaker 1: Venus? But do you mean in another star system? Do
• 52:14
  Speaker 1: you mean like the car? Do you just mean in
• 52:15
  Speaker 1: our Solar system? Planet?
• 52:17
  Speaker 2: In our Solar system?
• 52:19
  Speaker 1: You couldn't let me have it. I knew that one.
• 52:20
  Speaker 1: Why didn't you let me have that one? So? So
• 52:23
  Speaker 1: I think I think this is true that when a
• 52:24
  Speaker 1: lot of times when people are asking this question, they're saying,
• 52:27
  Speaker 1: what's the closest planet that's not in our Solar system
• 52:30
  Speaker 1: that's to us? Right? Like you want to know that one?
• 52:32
  Speaker 1: He knows that what's the closest place that we could
• 52:35
  Speaker 1: go to find another planet that's orbiting another star that's
• 52:40
  Speaker 1: a good question too. That answer is Proxima Centauri. Proxima
• 52:45
  Speaker 1: Centauri is the closest star to our own Sun. Like
• 52:49
  Speaker 1: out there in the Milky Way, all the stars of
• 52:50
  Speaker 1: the Milky Way, proximust Centauri is the closest star to
• 52:53
  Speaker 1: our own Sun. But then it also has little planets
• 52:57
  Speaker 1: around it. It's also a candidate for for planets being
• 53:01
  Speaker 1: around it, so it's a candidate for exoplanets, which makes
• 53:04
  Speaker 1: that a really interesting place to go, like because if
• 53:07
  Speaker 1: we had a lot don't know, save nuclear powered rockets
• 53:09
  Speaker 1: or something, we might actually be able to get to
• 53:12
  Speaker 1: that Proximus Centauri in some kind of a time span
• 53:16
  Speaker 1: that we could actually maybe send a vehicle there to
• 53:18
  Speaker 1: make some measurements, right, or go see if there might
• 53:21
  Speaker 1: actually be organisms around those other exoplanets. So out there
• 53:25
  Speaker 1: in the Milky Way, the exoplanets that are potentially around
• 53:28
  Speaker 1: Proximus Centauri, those are the ones that are the closest
• 53:32
  Speaker 1: to the to our own Sun.
• 53:34
  Speaker 4: Great question. Give it up for Stella. We would like
• 53:40
  Speaker 4: to take some more questions, but we have to wrap
• 53:43
  Speaker 4: things up because doctor Rosa Williams has given me the
• 53:46
  Speaker 4: stink eye, and she's right there and she's got Astronomy
• 53:50
  Speaker 4: Night coming up right after this, But we cannot thank
• 53:55
  Speaker 4: you guys enough for being part of this. Thank you
• 53:57
  Speaker 4: to doctor Troy Keller and the Department of Earth in
• 53:59
  Speaker 4: Space Sciences for having.
• 54:01
  Speaker 1: Us back again.
• 54:04
  Speaker 4: I mean, I think this went well enough to do
• 54:06
  Speaker 4: it a third time, right, maybe Troy, All right? Yeah.
• 54:13
  Speaker 1: One thing I'll say is we do appreciate everybody for
• 54:15
  Speaker 1: coming out to see me. Thank you for being part
• 54:16
  Speaker 1: of this experiment in podcasting and also public activities. We
• 54:21
  Speaker 1: really appreciate all the support that you give all of
• 54:23
  Speaker 1: our programs here at Coca Cola Space Science Center. Thanks
• 54:26
  Speaker 1: for coming out this evening, and it's not over. Astronomy
• 54:30
  Speaker 1: Knight's next. Enjoy that Astronomy Night and hopefully you get
• 54:33
  Speaker 1: a good view of the planet Jupiter.
• 54:34
  Speaker 4: And Sean and I definitely thank you guys for being here.
• 54:37
  Speaker 4: We thank you who are listening right now to the show.
• 54:41
  Speaker 4: After the rocket has successfully launched, hopefully, and we will
• 54:45
  Speaker 4: do another Made of Stars next Thursday.
• 54:47
  Speaker 1: Thank you so much.
• 55:01
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  Speaker 4: garage door needs covered, residential and commercial service and repairs.
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  Speaker 4: If you need a new garage door, or you're just
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• 55:16
  Speaker 1: Or repair your current door.
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  Speaker 4: Overhead Door Company of Columbus has you covered. Plus they've
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  Speaker 4: got your emergency repairs or service covered as well. Seven
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  Speaker 4: six three five eight forty five hundred odccolumbus dot com