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#444: Cosmic Movements & Solar Mysteries Unveiled · Space Nuts: Astronomy Insights & Cosmic Discoveries

• 0:00
  Speaker 1: Hi there, thanks for joining us. This is a Q
• 0:03
  Speaker 1: and a edition of Space Nuts. My name is Andrew Dunkley,
• 0:07
  Speaker 1: same as it was last week. Strangely coming up. We've
• 0:10
  Speaker 1: got questions to answer. We mentioned recently that everything moves
• 0:15
  Speaker 1: in the universe. Fred said that it's prompted a question
• 0:18
  Speaker 1: from JR. How do we measure that Rod wants to
• 0:23
  Speaker 1: know about the Sun's fuel. Mick has a Mars hypothetical
• 0:27
  Speaker 1: for us, and time permitting, we will be looking at
• 0:30
  Speaker 1: wormholes and gravity. That's all coming up on this Q
• 0:33
  Speaker 1: and a edition of Space Nuts.
• 0:36
  Speaker 2: Fifteen in Channel ten nine ignition Space Nuts or three.
• 0:45
  Speaker 3: Two one Space Notes as when I reported Neils Good
• 0:52
  Speaker 3: and to answer all those questions and much much more, Professor.
• 0:55
  Speaker 1: Fred, what's on? Hello Fred?
• 0:58
  Speaker 4: Hello Andrew?
• 0:58
  Speaker 3: Hello, I'm well a long time no see.
• 1:05
  Speaker 1: So you're still called Andrew Duntley. Yes, yes, funny, I'm
• 1:09
  Speaker 1: going for prefect now. H well, no one calls me
• 1:15
  Speaker 1: day for beebel Brocks. I'll tell you that much.
• 1:18
  Speaker 3: I didn't do that.
• 1:22
  Speaker 1: If I was in Tasmania, however, I don't go there. Sorry, sorry,
• 1:27
  Speaker 1: oh no, I crossed that line. I apologize. What do
• 1:31
  Speaker 1: they say in Parliament? With drawn. That's right, that's what
• 1:36
  Speaker 1: they say, and they want to insult someone and then
• 1:39
  Speaker 1: get out of trouble withdrawn. You're ugly with drawn?
• 1:45
  Speaker 3: Yeah.
• 1:46
  Speaker 1: I love watching Parliament on TV. Do you ever do it?
• 1:50
  Speaker 3: Yes, because it's kind of almost part of my job
• 1:52
  Speaker 3: from time to time to know about this sort of thing.
• 1:55
  Speaker 3: I don't know.
• 1:55
  Speaker 1: I don't know what I get out of it, because
• 1:58
  Speaker 1: I just think democracies so broken, and yet here I
• 2:01
  Speaker 1: am captivated by these grown human beings tearing strips off
• 2:05
  Speaker 1: each other over ideology. Anyway, whatever, Shall we answer some questions? Fred?
• 2:16
  Speaker 3: Withdraw them? We can do that too.
• 2:21
  Speaker 1: We can do anything good questions?
• 2:24
  Speaker 3: Yes, all right, let's do that.
• 2:26
  Speaker 1: Our first question today comes from JR. He said, Hi,
• 2:30
  Speaker 1: I've been listening to your show for many years, and
• 2:33
  Speaker 1: for the first time ever, I thought I should ask
• 2:35
  Speaker 1: a question. Yes you should. What's the question, JR. I'm
• 2:39
  Speaker 1: listening to episode four hundred and forty one, he says,
• 2:41
  Speaker 1: And Fred said something like everything in the universe moves,
• 2:45
  Speaker 1: so I might as well too. Is that true that
• 2:49
  Speaker 1: everything in the universe moves? How could we measure that?
• 2:53
  Speaker 1: Thanks for everything, JR, who's in Ohio. Thanks JR. Lovely
• 2:58
  Speaker 1: to hear from you, and I'm looking forward to the
• 3:00
  Speaker 1: Bengals season. They're looking pretty schnek for the for the
• 3:04
  Speaker 1: football season in America this year. That's beside the point.
• 3:09
  Speaker 3: Not necessarily. They probably moved too. I guess they moved
• 3:12
  Speaker 3: very very well, very very well.
• 3:15
  Speaker 1: I'm not sure about the quarterbacks new haircut, but I
• 3:18
  Speaker 1: can live with it if you play as well. Yeah, yeah, yeah,
• 3:23
  Speaker 1: everything moves, yes or no? And I think the answers yes,
• 3:25
  Speaker 1: and how do we measure that?
• 3:28
  Speaker 3: So we we know everything moved just because the way
• 3:31
  Speaker 3: in which everything's formed. If you think of the Big Bang,
• 3:38
  Speaker 3: the sort of underlying scaffolding of structure we think was
• 3:42
  Speaker 3: imposed on the on the universe very early on, which
• 3:45
  Speaker 3: is this what we call the cosmic web, and we
• 3:48
  Speaker 3: think it was dark matter. We think it was a
• 3:49
  Speaker 3: web of dark matter, which itself is moving because you
• 3:57
  Speaker 3: know the effects of gravity or the expansion are always
• 4:03
  Speaker 3: to shove things along, and then more especially when objects
• 4:07
  Speaker 3: that aren't made of dark matter, in other words, stars
• 4:09
  Speaker 3: and galaxies, when they start forming, the formation process naturally
• 4:13
  Speaker 3: in parts, the spin to things, and so you've always
• 4:17
  Speaker 3: got this interesting balance between motion and gravity. The two
• 4:22
  Speaker 3: go together. It's almost a you know, a rule to
• 4:27
  Speaker 3: say you can't have gravity without motion, probably more accurate
• 4:32
  Speaker 3: to say you can't survive gravity without motion, because and
• 4:37
  Speaker 3: I'm talking now about things in space, it's the orbital
• 4:41
  Speaker 3: motion of something around a gravitational object or massive object
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  Speaker 3: that stops it from being pulled in to the center.
• 4:50
  Speaker 3: So we are always if you've got objects in orbits,
• 4:55
  Speaker 3: if you've got galaxies rotating, if you've got even the
• 5:00
  Speaker 3: the you know, the cosmic web has vibrations or has
• 5:04
  Speaker 3: movements along it. It's all in motion. So you can
• 5:08
  Speaker 3: measure a lot of it. Jay's question is how do
• 5:11
  Speaker 3: you measure it? A lot of it we can measure directly.
• 5:14
  Speaker 3: We certainly measure the rotation of galaxies accurately. We can
• 5:16
  Speaker 3: measure the motion of galaxies in clusters accurately, and on
• 5:22
  Speaker 3: the very largest scales we can. We can measure what
• 5:26
  Speaker 3: we call the proper motions of things that're sorry, the
• 5:30
  Speaker 3: peculiar motions of things, their their own peculiar motion relating
• 5:34
  Speaker 3: to the Hubble flow, which is the flow of the
• 5:37
  Speaker 3: expansion of the universe, which itself is in motion. So
• 5:40
  Speaker 3: there you go. It's all moving.
• 5:42
  Speaker 1: It's all moving. It's like clockwork, isn't it, frit Yes,
• 5:46
  Speaker 1: very much so, that's right.
• 5:47
  Speaker 2: Yeah.
• 5:47
  Speaker 1: I want to know who's winding it up there.
• 5:50
  Speaker 3: It got wound up in the beginning. That's the that's
• 5:52
  Speaker 3: the bottom line. It's a very very long spring.
• 5:56
  Speaker 1: Once the Big Bang happened, everything just happened after. It's
• 6:00
  Speaker 1: by default, so and it's still happening. It's still going,
• 6:04
  Speaker 1: it's still moving. We still see remnants of the Big Bang.
• 6:09
  Speaker 1: Gravity's a big factor in the way things are into relating.
• 6:16
  Speaker 1: It's a cosmic dance, is what it is. All right,
• 6:22
  Speaker 1: Thank you, Jay, We got over that one quick. Yes,
• 6:24
  Speaker 1: everything's moving. Yes, and we can measure that because we can,
• 6:29
  Speaker 1: that's probably the answer. We've got an audio question for
• 6:32
  Speaker 1: this one comes.
• 6:33
  Speaker 2: From rod Hi Andrew and Professor Watson. This is Rob
• 6:37
  Speaker 2: from Bloomington, Illinois. Question for you about this fuel reserves
• 6:42
  Speaker 2: in the sun. If the Sun is consumed means six
• 6:45
  Speaker 2: hundred million tons of hydrogen every second, why is it
• 6:49
  Speaker 2: not dimming and shrinking? Does this mean that fuel is
• 6:54
  Speaker 2: being replenished or are there some hydrogen atoms just waiting
• 6:58
  Speaker 2: around to be burned? And five billion years at the
• 7:02
  Speaker 2: end of the Life of the Sun. Thanks longtime listener.
• 7:06
  Speaker 2: Always enjoyed the show.
• 7:08
  Speaker 1: Thanks Rod. I really like this question because I find
• 7:12
  Speaker 1: the sun to be quite a mystery because it's burning
• 7:17
  Speaker 1: fuel at a rate that would, you know, make a
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  Speaker 1: tractor unhappy, and you've got to wonder about how it
• 7:30
  Speaker 1: survives to such a long period of time if it's
• 7:32
  Speaker 1: burning so ferociously.
• 7:36
  Speaker 3: Yeah, it's it's a process. It's not so much burning,
• 7:40
  Speaker 3: it's nuclear fusion.
• 7:41
  Speaker 1: So I was about to say it's probably more to
• 7:44
  Speaker 1: do with nuclear activity than it is a pile of matches.
• 7:50
  Speaker 3: But yeah, six hundred million times it is a lot.
• 7:55
  Speaker 3: But that's not just vanishing into the ether. What you
• 7:59
  Speaker 3: get with the basic nuclear reaction that's taking place in
• 8:03
  Speaker 3: the core of the sun from that six hundred million tons,
• 8:06
  Speaker 3: you get about five hundred ninety six million tons of helium,
• 8:09
  Speaker 3: so you know there's something still there. And the deficit
• 8:15
  Speaker 3: of four million tons of hydrogen basically are what's converted
• 8:20
  Speaker 3: to energy. So it's that four million tons of hydrogen
• 8:23
  Speaker 3: per second that makes the sun shine, that makes it
• 8:27
  Speaker 3: so bright. Now, that's all happening right down in the
• 8:30
  Speaker 3: core of the sun, and the core is actually relatively
• 8:36
  Speaker 3: small it's the energy that comes from that that keeps
• 8:40
  Speaker 3: the rest of the Sun, most of which is hydrogen,
• 8:42
  Speaker 3: from collapsing. So you can think of the core as
• 8:45
  Speaker 3: being the furnace and the rest of the Sun being
• 8:48
  Speaker 3: the fuel. And basically it will continue to do that
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  Speaker 3: for yes, a few billion years yet, because the Sun
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  Speaker 3: is so big and it's reserves of phydrogen are so enormous,
• 9:03
  Speaker 3: and so that's that's the basic process. The I can't
• 9:09
  Speaker 3: remember that I've said this, but the energy comes out
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  Speaker 3: mostly in the form of gamma rays an X rays.
• 9:15
  Speaker 3: There's other stuff as well, but that's the main thing.
• 9:18
  Speaker 3: And you and I've talked before, Andrew, what's your let
• 9:24
  Speaker 3: work get? Because I ford prefect there. It's just sent
• 9:28
  Speaker 3: me off from a different track altogether, because if you like,
• 9:34
  Speaker 3: the last time we spoke about this, effod, we went
• 9:38
  Speaker 3: into the the you know, the details of why we
• 9:43
  Speaker 3: get light out at the end, and it's because of
• 9:45
  Speaker 3: all that radiation that's caught that's generated in the core
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  Speaker 3: basically is absorbed and re emitted by other atoms over
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  Speaker 3: a period of what was it seven hundred, one hundred
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  Speaker 3: and seventy thousand years or something like that, getting off
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  Speaker 3: for a million years anyway before it actually reaches the
• 10:04
  Speaker 3: surface and comes out comes out as sunlight. So interesting stuff.
• 10:11
  Speaker 3: But I mean the Sun is stable at the moment.
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  Speaker 3: The balance between its gravity wanting to pull the hydrogen
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  Speaker 3: inwards and the radiation pressure coming outwards is perfectly balanced.
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  Speaker 3: But when that changes, once the Sun starts burning helium,
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  Speaker 3: which will happen when it runs out of hydrogen, then
• 10:33
  Speaker 3: the the basically the nature of the Sun itself will change.
• 10:38
  Speaker 3: That's when it'll turn into a red giant star.
• 10:41
  Speaker 1: So it will when it starts to deplete its resources
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  Speaker 1: and changes fuel, it will expand and then when that
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  Speaker 1: burns out, it'll white dwarf.
• 10:51
  Speaker 3: That's right. Actually, this is the envelope that expands. The
• 10:55
  Speaker 3: nucleus will be collapsing slowly doing our time until they
• 11:00
  Speaker 3: actually it does become a white dwarf star. That's correct.
• 11:03
  Speaker 1: Mmm, it'll get pretty cold here on the plain will
• 11:06
  Speaker 1: be gone because we'll be absorbed when we will.
• 11:10
  Speaker 3: Yes, I think I think it's going to be fairly ugly.
• 11:12
  Speaker 3: I think while we're with.
• 11:13
  Speaker 1: The well, hopefully we've paid up all our electricity so
• 11:18
  Speaker 1: that we can charge the ion engines to get off
• 11:20
  Speaker 1: the planet. Yes, they're definitely going to need them. Thank you, Rod.
• 11:29
  Speaker 1: Great question. This is Space Nuts with Andrew Dunkley and
• 11:32
  Speaker 1: Professor Fred Watson.
• 11:39
  Speaker 4: Nuts.
• 11:39
  Speaker 1: I must confess Fred that when I prepared this show,
• 11:44
  Speaker 1: I got everything locked in, all the questions written up,
• 11:47
  Speaker 1: and now I've reached a point where I can't remember
• 11:50
  Speaker 1: what this question is from Mick. All I've got written
• 11:52
  Speaker 1: down is Mars hypothetical. So drum roll.
• 11:57
  Speaker 3: Please, Yes, it's what happens from us gets removed. Oh
• 12:03
  Speaker 3: that's right, guys, make air Con Dublin, Ireland.
• 12:08
  Speaker 5: I have a technical question and they came up out
• 12:10
  Speaker 5: basically because I.
• 12:12
  Speaker 1: Was thinking about rope planets.
• 12:16
  Speaker 3: So my understanding of the rope planets or cants that
• 12:19
  Speaker 3: lost their son.
• 12:21
  Speaker 1: And more or less be ejected from their solar system.
• 12:25
  Speaker 6: I think this nor only happens during the formation of
• 12:28
  Speaker 6: the Solar System.
• 12:29
  Speaker 4: I'm not sure, but well, it then me to think
• 12:33
  Speaker 4: what would happen if.
• 12:36
  Speaker 6: Something strongly happened to Mars, like something out of a
• 12:43
  Speaker 6: sci fi movie where it was hit by a mass
• 12:45
  Speaker 6: and masteroid or there was some massive explosions. I don't know,
• 12:51
  Speaker 6: but let's just say ours suddenly that the Solar System
• 12:56
  Speaker 6: what would be the effect on us and the dash Earth.
• 13:01
  Speaker 4: Would we start falling in towards the Sun because we
• 13:06
  Speaker 4: don't have a palpitational pull from Mars, or would we
• 13:10
  Speaker 4: be would we move.
• 13:13
  Speaker 3: Out from the Sun?
• 13:15
  Speaker 5: And also what would happened to the mood. I suspect
• 13:20
  Speaker 5: something would happen to the mood because there must to
• 13:24
  Speaker 5: be some pravitational call from Mars on our rule.
• 13:29
  Speaker 3: And kan.
• 13:32
  Speaker 6: Just thinking out loud while attending I always say that
• 13:36
  Speaker 6: message before, So keep up to little work.
• 13:40
  Speaker 3: Really love the podcast.
• 13:41
  Speaker 1: Sure you guys, Thank you Mike. Love the accent and
• 13:44
  Speaker 1: a great question. Thank you for sending it in. I
• 13:47
  Speaker 1: was a rogue planet once years ago. Fred I lost
• 13:50
  Speaker 1: my son in a supermarket. There you go, that's true
• 13:55
  Speaker 1: story scared me. Willi's I found him around the corner
• 14:00
  Speaker 1: in another while. But it's a terrible feeling when when
• 14:04
  Speaker 1: you lose your son.
• 14:05
  Speaker 3: When you lose your son, you're a planet or a parent.
• 14:07
  Speaker 3: It's a problem.
• 14:11
  Speaker 1: It's a great hypothetical. It's a great hypothetical. And my
• 14:14
  Speaker 1: my science fiction brain is suddenly sort of venturing towards
• 14:18
  Speaker 1: Mars being obliterated by something and de Mos has, you know,
• 14:22
  Speaker 1: making a b line for Earth. That's the first thing
• 14:26
  Speaker 1: I thought of.
• 14:27
  Speaker 3: Yep, that's right, that's your science fiction brain. So I
• 14:33
  Speaker 3: think that the issue for me is that whatever gets
• 14:36
  Speaker 3: rid of Mars is going to be the thing that
• 14:40
  Speaker 3: makes a big effect on the on the orbits of Earth,
• 14:43
  Speaker 3: rather than Mars not being there. I think, you know,
• 14:47
  Speaker 3: if if Mars had never been there, maybe the Solar
• 14:51
  Speaker 3: System would look similar to what it does now. There
• 14:56
  Speaker 3: might be nuances of difference. We know that the planets
• 15:02
  Speaker 3: have kind of wound up in a in a particular
• 15:04
  Speaker 3: order which is governed by something called Bordher's law, and
• 15:09
  Speaker 3: that has always been thought to be coincident rather than
• 15:13
  Speaker 3: any real mathematical rule and regulation. But if you took
• 15:18
  Speaker 3: Mars out of Bordher's law, well that means Jupiter might
• 15:23
  Speaker 3: want to go where Mars is, or actually the asteroid
• 15:26
  Speaker 3: belt would wind up where Mars was in that you know,
• 15:31
  Speaker 3: sort of geometrical progression, and it would so the absence
• 15:36
  Speaker 3: of Mars would affect the AS orbit because the AS
• 15:39
  Speaker 3: orbit is modified slightly by what called gravitational perturbations from
• 15:44
  Speaker 3: from other planets. Now, of course, Mars is not always
• 15:47
  Speaker 3: on the on the far side of us, of the
• 15:50
  Speaker 3: of the Earth from the Sun. Sometimes it's on the
• 15:53
  Speaker 3: other side of the Sun, so it's not always pulling
• 15:55
  Speaker 3: us outwards. It's sometimes pulling us inwards, and all of
• 15:58
  Speaker 3: that is taken account in the geometry of the Earth's orbit.
• 16:03
  Speaker 3: I think that might effect on the Moon. If Mars
• 16:06
  Speaker 3: wasn't there would be even smaller. There would be probably
• 16:10
  Speaker 3: a tiny gravitational effect again perturbations, But the Moon is
• 16:15
  Speaker 3: fairly tightly bound to the Earth in terms of its
• 16:18
  Speaker 3: gravitational pool. It's only three hundred and eighty thousand kilometers away,
• 16:21
  Speaker 3: so it's hung on to pretty well. So let's imagine
• 16:28
  Speaker 3: a solar system without Mars. I think the Earth and
• 16:31
  Speaker 3: the Moon would look much the same as they do.
• 16:33
  Speaker 1: Already and still be livable as it is.
• 16:36
  Speaker 3: Probably, yeah, we might drift. I mean we might. You know,
• 16:42
  Speaker 3: you kind of got to more imagine rather than imagine
• 16:47
  Speaker 3: Mars being dragged away by some mechanism, which inevitably would
• 16:51
  Speaker 3: affect the Earth orbit. Whatever that was, it would be
• 16:54
  Speaker 3: big enough to modify the Earth orbit. If you imagine
• 16:58
  Speaker 3: just Mars not being there, rather than Mars being dragged away,
• 17:02
  Speaker 3: then it may it may change things slightly it may
• 17:06
  Speaker 3: change things enough that the Earth does get pushed out
• 17:09
  Speaker 3: of the Goldilocks zone, but it wouldn't be it wouldn't
• 17:13
  Speaker 3: be that much. But I think, yeah, that we're in
• 17:16
  Speaker 3: such a sensitive balance of heat radiation from the Sun
• 17:20
  Speaker 3: and all the rest of it. It's it's a it's
• 17:25
  Speaker 3: a very fine line perhaps between humanity being here and
• 17:29
  Speaker 3: humanity not.
• 17:31
  Speaker 1: Do we You might have entered this in a previous
• 17:34
  Speaker 1: episode some time ago, but do we know how wide
• 17:37
  Speaker 1: the Goldilocks zone is?
• 17:40
  Speaker 3: Yes, you can calculate that, and it's it's it doesn't
• 17:44
  Speaker 3: go as far as Mars, and it doesn't go as
• 17:46
  Speaker 3: far as Venus, so you know, it's it's I don't
• 17:50
  Speaker 3: know what the woods is, but you can calculate it.
• 17:53
  Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, Well, hopefully we're on the better side of it.
• 17:56
  Speaker 1: We are at the moment, but in the middle of it,
• 17:58
  Speaker 1: which sense, if Mars didn't exist, things would probably be
• 18:04
  Speaker 1: much the same as they are for Earth and the Moon.
• 18:06
  Speaker 1: If Mars was destroyed by some evil force let's call it,
• 18:12
  Speaker 1: or the death Star, that that might have a different
• 18:16
  Speaker 1: impact on us because of whatever the force is that's
• 18:19
  Speaker 1: caused this to happen. Yep, maybe quite Yeah, suppose it
• 18:24
  Speaker 1: depends on the level of catastrophe.
• 18:29
  Speaker 3: Size it all up.
• 18:30
  Speaker 1: When you look at other solar systems, their makeup is
• 18:34
  Speaker 1: very different. In fact, ours is looking quite quite unique
• 18:40
  Speaker 1: compared to a lot of the solar systems we're seeing,
• 18:42
  Speaker 1: which have gas giants in close proximity to their parents
• 18:45
  Speaker 1: star and the rocket planets are further out.
• 18:48
  Speaker 3: But bear in mind they're the easiest ones to discover
• 18:51
  Speaker 3: the ones, yes, and so there might be a selection
• 18:55
  Speaker 3: effect path indeed.
• 18:58
  Speaker 1: Okay, thank you met lovely hear from you, and if
• 19:01
  Speaker 1: you ever have another question, please send it in. We've
• 19:04
  Speaker 1: got one more question I think we can squeeze in
• 19:07
  Speaker 1: and this one comes from Gego in Slovakia. I have
• 19:11
  Speaker 1: a hypothetical question for you. That's the second one today.
• 19:15
  Speaker 1: If you would open a wormhole near an object with
• 19:17
  Speaker 1: huge gravity, a black hole, for example, would it's gravitational
• 19:21
  Speaker 1: paul be transferred through the wormhole or would the bending
• 19:25
  Speaker 1: of space time just end at one end of the
• 19:28
  Speaker 1: wormhole and on the other side there would be only
• 19:31
  Speaker 1: the local bending of space time. Thanks for the answer,
• 19:35
  Speaker 1: love your show. That's from Gego in Slovakia. I think
• 19:39
  Speaker 1: we've heard audio questions from gego before. I like this
• 19:43
  Speaker 1: one too. I love ye, you know, I love hypothetical spread.
• 19:46
  Speaker 3: Yes, yes, and so what the answer you're getting is
• 19:50
  Speaker 3: also hypothetically.
• 19:53
  Speaker 1: Well, I guess it would be.
• 19:54
  Speaker 4: Yeah.
• 19:55
  Speaker 3: I think I think that the will be would the
• 20:01
  Speaker 3: wormhole itself survive having something, you know, a huge gravity
• 20:06
  Speaker 3: next to it? The gravitational field would modify the wormhole,
• 20:12
  Speaker 3: and my guess is the wormhole would fill in because
• 20:15
  Speaker 3: wormholes are just such a special case of gravitational you know,
• 20:20
  Speaker 3: gravitational balancies, if indeed they exist at all, and we've
• 20:24
  Speaker 3: got absolutely no evidence that they do. So my guess
• 20:28
  Speaker 3: is that, you know, well, the bending of space time
• 20:32
  Speaker 3: wouldn't just end at one end of the wormhole, which
• 20:35
  Speaker 3: is what was asking. I think the effect of the
• 20:40
  Speaker 3: gravitating body, super massive black hole or whatever would be
• 20:45
  Speaker 3: to distort the black the wormhole and probably just turn
• 20:48
  Speaker 3: it into another black hole, which would be immediately absorbed
• 20:53
  Speaker 3: by the by the big by the big one. It
• 20:55
  Speaker 3: would be Yeah.
• 20:59
  Speaker 1: That in itself sounds like a very feasible probability if
• 21:03
  Speaker 1: a wormhole ever turned up next to sagittary staff, for example,
• 21:09
  Speaker 1: I suppose, I suppose it depends on how big the
• 21:13
  Speaker 1: wormhole is there, doesn't it?
• 21:15
  Speaker 3: Yeah. I don't really know much about wormhole masses and geometry,
• 21:19
  Speaker 3: but yeah, if you had a big wormhole, I mean,
• 21:22
  Speaker 3: we'd know about something like that. We don't know how
• 21:24
  Speaker 3: many candidate wormholes anywhere.
• 21:27
  Speaker 5: You know.
• 21:27
  Speaker 1: The best way to find a wormhole just look look
• 21:31
  Speaker 1: for the little piles of dirt on top of this.
• 21:35
  Speaker 3: There must be there. That's right.
• 21:37
  Speaker 1: I find a little pile of dirt in space, and
• 21:39
  Speaker 1: you know there's a wormhole behind that, and that's the way.
• 21:43
  Speaker 1: So yeah, it's a it's a good question, but it's
• 21:46
  Speaker 1: probably one that's in the realms of science fiction in
• 21:50
  Speaker 1: terms of deciding what might happen. But yeah, I think
• 21:54
  Speaker 1: when it comes to arm wrestles in space, black holes
• 21:57
  Speaker 1: generally always win.
• 21:59
  Speaker 3: Yep, it's usually the winners. That's, especially the big ones.
• 22:03
  Speaker 1: Yes, indeed, all right, Gogo, thanks for your question. Thanks
• 22:06
  Speaker 1: to everyone who sent us questions, and you can send
• 22:08
  Speaker 1: questions too via our website space nuts dot Io. Click
• 22:13
  Speaker 1: on the AMA link at the top to send us
• 22:15
  Speaker 1: text or audio questions, or on the right hand side
• 22:18
  Speaker 1: there's another button where you can send us audio questions.
• 22:21
  Speaker 1: Don't forget to tell us who you are and where
• 22:23
  Speaker 1: you're from. We'd love to know, and who your favorite
• 22:26
  Speaker 1: football team is. And thanks to here in the studio,
• 22:30
  Speaker 1: who is actually out picking up one of the kids
• 22:32
  Speaker 1: from school, so he's done a great job. Thanks Fred
• 22:35
  Speaker 1: as always nice to catch up. We'll do it again
• 22:37
  Speaker 1: real soon.
• 22:38
  Speaker 3: I bet we will. I think we will too.
• 22:42
  Speaker 1: Thanks for sure, see you Fred, Professor Fred Watson, Astronomer
• 22:46
  Speaker 1: at Large, And from me Andrew Dunkley, thanks for joining
• 22:49
  Speaker 1: us on this Q and A episode. We'll be back
• 22:51
  Speaker 1: again real soon with another one. We'll see you then,
• 22:54
  Speaker 1: Bye bye.
• 22:55
  Speaker 5: Thank You'll be listening to the Space Nuts podcast.
• 23:01
  Speaker 1: Available at Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or your favorite podcast player.
• 23:07
  Speaker 1: You can also stream on demand at bytes dot com.
• 23:10
  Speaker 1: This has been another quality podcast production from fights dot com.