Latest / Wellness, Actually with Emily Oster & Perry Wilson, MD / What's the deal with the sun?

Transcript

What's the deal with the sun? · Wellness, Actually with Emily Oster & Perry Wilson, MD

• 0:01
  Speaker 1: Emily, the Sun is really big. Did you know that
• 0:07
  Speaker 1: the Sun is bigger than all the planets in the
• 0:11
  Speaker 1: Solar System?
• 0:12
  Speaker 2: I did know that, very yes, But say more about
• 0:15
  Speaker 2: how big the Sun.
• 0:17
  Speaker 1: Nine percent of the mass in the Solar System is
• 0:19
  Speaker 1: in the Sun. It's that big. It's almost everything. Everything
• 0:22
  Speaker 1: else is a rounding error. And Okay, this doesn't have
• 0:25
  Speaker 1: to do with wellness, but I wanted to give some
• 0:28
  Speaker 1: fun sun facts before we got into our episode about
• 0:32
  Speaker 1: the Sun. And one thing that kept coming across was that,
• 0:36
  Speaker 1: you know, you could fit one point three million earths
• 0:39
  Speaker 1: inside the Sun. That's how big it is. That's a
• 0:42
  Speaker 1: lot of earths, and that's all over the place. But
• 0:45
  Speaker 1: I was like, wait, is that really true? Because it's
• 0:48
  Speaker 1: not like the earths would just sit there, do you
• 0:51
  Speaker 1: know what I mean?
• 0:52
  Speaker 2: I always sort of imagine it was like if the
• 0:54
  Speaker 2: Sun were like a jar and you put and the
• 0:57
  Speaker 2: Earth was a gumball. That means it's like a point
• 1:00
  Speaker 2: three million gumballs? Is that right?
• 1:01
  Speaker 1: But do you know what happens if you put a
• 1:04
  Speaker 1: million earths together? Is like they all have gravity and
• 1:06
  Speaker 1: they start crushing in on each other and and it
• 1:09
  Speaker 1: turns out again, Okay, right now where physics actually it
• 1:13
  Speaker 1: turns out that as you add earths into a big ball,
• 1:19
  Speaker 1: these really interesting things happen. So after three hundred and
• 1:22
  Speaker 1: thirty three earths, adding additional earths actually makes the volume
• 1:28
  Speaker 1: of the Earth's smaller. Three hundred and thirty three earths,
• 1:32
  Speaker 1: because the Earth is made primarily of iron. Is when
• 1:35
  Speaker 1: gravity can pull the atoms together, or the nuclei of
• 1:39
  Speaker 1: the atoms together, even though the electrons are trying to
• 1:42
  Speaker 1: fight against it, right, so they like is actually getting
• 1:44
  Speaker 1: denser and denser and.
• 1:45
  Speaker 2: Sucking it in.
• 1:46
  Speaker 1: Okay, by the time you're three hundred and thirty four earths,
• 1:49
  Speaker 1: the thing is just getting smaller. When you get to
• 1:52
  Speaker 1: three hundred and thirty three thousand earths, that exceed gravity,
• 1:57
  Speaker 1: exceeds the electron degeneracy pressure, and all those earths form
• 2:01
  Speaker 1: a white dwarf star. So it just sits there being
• 2:06
  Speaker 1: a white dwarf star about the size of the Earth.
• 2:11
  Speaker 1: So three hundred and thirty three thousand earths and one
• 2:14
  Speaker 1: earth about.
• 2:15
  Speaker 2: The size of one Earth, but very hot.
• 2:18
  Speaker 1: If you took the one point three million earths that
• 2:21
  Speaker 1: the Internet says you can stick inside the sun and
• 2:24
  Speaker 1: actually put them in the sun, you would get a
• 2:27
  Speaker 1: black hole, and the size of that black hole would
• 2:31
  Speaker 1: be eleven five hundred meters across, about the size of
• 2:35
  Speaker 1: New Haven, Connecticut city limits.
• 2:39
  Speaker 2: That is totally fascinating, and I think it's a good
• 2:41
  Speaker 2: open because a lot of people might be wondering, like, hey,
• 2:46
  Speaker 2: use episodes about the sun? What is the sun? You know?
• 2:48
  Speaker 2: And we'd like to abide some information at the top.
• 2:51
  Speaker 2: And I also thought about a way to provide people information.
• 2:53
  Speaker 2: And you went with science and I went with they
• 2:56
  Speaker 2: might be giants. And so let me just give you
• 2:59
  Speaker 2: a little clip in song from the best song ever
• 3:04
  Speaker 2: written about the Sun by Day Maybe Giants. Sun is
• 3:08
  Speaker 2: a massive incandescent GASA gigantic nuclear furnace where hydrogen is
• 3:13
  Speaker 2: fused into heale at temperatures of millions of degrees. It
• 3:17
  Speaker 2: goes on from there. And if you have any children
• 3:19
  Speaker 2: who are interested in the sun, I highly recommend that
• 3:21
  Speaker 2: you have that them listen to that song instead of
• 3:24
  Speaker 2: listening to Perry's description, even though I did think it
• 3:27
  Speaker 2: was very interesting. I'm Emily Aster, I'm an economist and
• 3:34
  Speaker 2: a data expert, and.
• 3:35
  Speaker 1: I'm Perry Wilson, I'm a medical doctor.
• 3:38
  Speaker 2: It's Thursday, July thirtieth, twenty twenty six. And this is wellness.
• 3:41
  Speaker 1: Actually, because you're getting a staggering amount of health and
• 3:45
  Speaker 1: wellness information nowadays from every source imaginable, and some of
• 3:49
  Speaker 1: it is awesome and some.
• 3:51
  Speaker 2: Of it is well actually both Fortunately we are both
• 3:56
  Speaker 2: people who know how to read studies, how to parse
• 3:59
  Speaker 2: the data, and can tell you what's worth thinking about
• 4:02
  Speaker 2: and what you can safely ignore.
• 4:04
  Speaker 1: But before we dig in, a note that this podcast
• 4:06
  Speaker 1: is for educational purposes and should not be construed as
• 4:09
  Speaker 1: medical advice. We don't know your unique situation, so talk
• 4:12
  Speaker 1: to your doctor for personal health decisions.
• 4:15
  Speaker 2: Here comes the sun this week we're asking what's the
• 4:18
  Speaker 2: deal with the sun? Perry, and I will give the
• 4:21
  Speaker 2: official smash or pass? Do we even need the sun anyway?
• 4:25
  Speaker 2: And then we'll get to your questions of the wo
• 4:26
  Speaker 2: hot But first let's do the health news round up
• 4:30
  Speaker 2: after the break. And now let's do the health news
• 4:45
  Speaker 2: of the week. My first question for you, Perry, I
• 4:48
  Speaker 2: noticed that the cardiologists have finally come out in support
• 4:54
  Speaker 2: of one of my more central personal habits, which is
• 4:58
  Speaker 2: consumption of coffee. And the cardio biologists of America have
• 5:01
  Speaker 2: said coffee's great. Why did they say that? Now?
• 5:06
  Speaker 1: I guess people were kind of down on cardiology and
• 5:09
  Speaker 1: they were like, you guys are such wet blankets, always
• 5:12
  Speaker 1: telling us not to drink alcohol or like eat fatty
• 5:15
  Speaker 1: foods or whatever, and they needed to get some street creds.
• 5:19
  Speaker 1: So the American Heart Association has released a formal document
• 5:22
  Speaker 1: on caffeine and the cardiovascular risks and benefits, and it
• 5:27
  Speaker 1: goes through decades of research into the substance, but I'll
• 5:32
  Speaker 1: summarize in saying they basically gave a thumbs up to coffee,
• 5:36
  Speaker 1: to ingesting caffeine in the form of coffee, noting across
• 5:39
  Speaker 1: several studies that there's stuff in coffee that might be
• 5:42
  Speaker 1: healthy even beyond caffeine, and sort of are equivocal on
• 5:47
  Speaker 1: caffeine supplemented beverages and gels and energy drinks and things
• 5:51
  Speaker 1: like that. But overall, some of the sort of myths
• 5:53
  Speaker 1: that got dispelled in this document. Number one that was
• 5:56
  Speaker 1: surprising to me even was they talk about generally coffee
• 6:01
  Speaker 1: being less likely to promote atrial fibrillation, the most common
• 6:05
  Speaker 1: cardiac arrhythmia. We always sort of counsel people with a
• 6:08
  Speaker 1: fib or we used to counsel people with aphib like, oh,
• 6:11
  Speaker 1: don't avoid coffee if you're trying to stay out of
• 6:13
  Speaker 1: aphib AJ says not true. In fact, the current guidelines
• 6:18
  Speaker 1: advise specifically against telling people not to drink coffee if
• 6:21
  Speaker 1: they have atrial fibrillation. Some other interesting stuff. They note
• 6:25
  Speaker 1: a randomized controlled trial which showed that coffee increases LDL
• 6:29
  Speaker 1: cholesterol that's the bad cholesterol, but not if you pass
• 6:32
  Speaker 1: it through a paper filter. There's a substance in coffee
• 6:37
  Speaker 1: that raises cholesterol but gets absorbed into paper filters. So
• 6:40
  Speaker 1: maybe that's an argument against French presses, although that is
• 6:43
  Speaker 1: a nice form of coffee that I like. I love
• 6:47
  Speaker 1: finding things, though Emily like I have a list of
• 6:50
  Speaker 1: three things. I wonder if you can guess these. There
• 6:52
  Speaker 1: are three things in life where that are pleasurable, and
• 6:55
  Speaker 1: science also tells you that they're good for you. Like
• 6:58
  Speaker 1: most things, it's like, ah, you know, it's not that pleasurable,
• 7:02
  Speaker 1: but you got to do it. Eat your broccoli, right,
• 7:03
  Speaker 1: So coffee is one of them. I have two more.
• 7:07
  Speaker 2: What are your other two?
• 7:08
  Speaker 1: I'm curious what you're two? So so the only the
• 7:10
  Speaker 1: only other two I've been able to think of our
• 7:12
  Speaker 1: sleep and sex. Coffee, sleep and sex. That's it. Everything else.
• 7:17
  Speaker 1: If it feels good, it's bad for you.
• 7:20
  Speaker 2: Yeah that sounds that sounds right.
• 7:21
  Speaker 1: I mean people be like, oh, exercise, Like I love exercise. No,
• 7:26
  Speaker 1: you don't, come on, I do know.
• 7:28
  Speaker 2: I will tell you I do actually love exercise.
• 7:30
  Speaker 1: It's the endorphins. Let's say, but if you could just
• 7:33
  Speaker 1: lie around eating doritos, no I would.
• 7:35
  Speaker 2: I totally would not do that. But I will go
• 7:38
  Speaker 2: with yeah, yeah, coffee, sleep, sex, and exercise on my head.
• 7:41
  Speaker 2: Here was what I will say about this coffee thing.
• 7:44
  Speaker 2: Very nice. I broadly think that there's a lot of
• 7:47
  Speaker 2: good stuff in this report. I will say I am
• 7:51
  Speaker 2: always very frustrated that these reports seem to rely on
• 7:56
  Speaker 2: both observational and randomized data and not like this distinguish them.
• 8:01
  Speaker 2: I mean, coffee makes you Live Forever is like a
• 8:03
  Speaker 2: standard headline that shows up in a lot of coverage
• 8:07
  Speaker 2: of garbage observational studies. These guys like, some of what
• 8:11
  Speaker 2: they're saying is based on randomized trials, some is based
• 8:13
  Speaker 2: on observational data. I just wish they would talk about
• 8:16
  Speaker 2: the randomized trials, like, here are the things we actually
• 8:19
  Speaker 2: know and here are some you know, associations which you
• 8:21
  Speaker 2: should take with a grain of salt. And I think
• 8:23
  Speaker 2: they don't do that because they don't have the same
• 8:25
  Speaker 2: skepticism that I do for observational data. But anyway, that's
• 8:29
  Speaker 2: my problem.
• 8:31
  Speaker 1: I hear you, and that skepticism comes through loud and clear.
• 8:34
  Speaker 1: Let's move on to a rather bleak record that we have.
• 8:43
  Speaker 1: There have been more measles cases reported in the United
• 8:46
  Speaker 1: States in the last two years than in all the
• 8:50
  Speaker 1: years from two thousand through twenty twenty four combined. Emily,
• 8:56
  Speaker 1: what's going on with measles?
• 8:58
  Speaker 2: Yeah, there's some actually other ways to look at that data,
• 9:01
  Speaker 2: which I think are even more disturbing. Like there was
• 9:04
  Speaker 2: a single week in January when there were more measles
• 9:07
  Speaker 2: cases than all, like than the yearly count for all
• 9:10
  Speaker 2: but a few years in the past twenty years. So
• 9:12
  Speaker 2: we're having a very unusual outbreak set of measles. What
• 9:17
  Speaker 2: is happening is pretty clear. We are in a period
• 9:20
  Speaker 2: of increased vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine rates have been going down
• 9:24
  Speaker 2: for a long period of time, and that means we
• 9:27
  Speaker 2: have a lot of kids who are unvaccinated. Measles is
• 9:30
  Speaker 2: super super super contagious. They are not. Is something like
• 9:34
  Speaker 2: twelve to fifteen, which means any individual person with measles
• 9:38
  Speaker 2: can spread it to is expected to spread it to
• 9:40
  Speaker 2: twelve to fifteen other people if everyone was unvaccinated. That's way, way,
• 9:45
  Speaker 2: way higher than almost any other viral illness that we
• 9:47
  Speaker 2: talk about. And so it's just.
• 9:49
  Speaker 1: Yea, it is like one point five.
• 9:51
  Speaker 2: Yeah, it was just super super contagious. And if you
• 9:53
  Speaker 2: have a school where fifty percent of the kids are vaccinated,
• 9:57
  Speaker 2: which we do have some of, then one kids get meels,
• 10:00
  Speaker 2: A lot of people get measles, and so you know, look,
• 10:03
  Speaker 2: I mean there is an obvious solution for this. It
• 10:06
  Speaker 2: is for more people to get vaccinated. It's not rocket science.
• 10:09
  Speaker 2: We have a great, great way to fix this problem.
• 10:13
  Speaker 2: Vaccine hesitancy continues to rise. The CDC currently features a
• 10:19
  Speaker 2: website that says that autism has something like vaccines have
• 10:23
  Speaker 2: not been shown not to cause autism or something incredibly misleading.
• 10:28
  Speaker 2: That is totally wrong and the whole thing is very frustrating.
• 10:32
  Speaker 1: Yeah, it is. If you look at vaccination rates nationwide
• 10:37
  Speaker 1: for measles, they look okay, you know, ninety three percent
• 10:40
  Speaker 1: of kindergarteners or something like that. But one of the
• 10:43
  Speaker 1: problems in infectious disease epidemiology is that infectious disease has
• 10:48
  Speaker 1: spread locally. And so the problem is it's not ninety
• 10:51
  Speaker 1: three percent everywhere. It's one hundred percent in some places,
• 10:54
  Speaker 1: and it's eighty percent, seventy five percent even lower in
• 10:57
  Speaker 1: other places, and and those tend to cluster together, which
• 11:01
  Speaker 1: is why you see all these outbreaks. And yes, the
• 11:04
  Speaker 1: CD despite, I will say officially, the HHS says, the
• 11:08
  Speaker 1: Health and Human Services Department says, quote vaccination is the
• 11:12
  Speaker 1: best defense against measles. Okay, folks, So there you go.
• 11:14
  Speaker 1: That's their official word. But of course they also put
• 11:17
  Speaker 1: up this website and yeah, Emily, it says basically, it's like,
• 11:21
  Speaker 1: while there's no evidence that vaccines cause autism, there's no
• 11:24
  Speaker 1: good evidence that they don't cause autism. Which, hey, even
• 11:28
  Speaker 1: that's not true, like we have plenty of studies showing
• 11:30
  Speaker 1: no link so much and a much proving a negative.
• 11:34
  Speaker 1: Like you can always kind of say that. It's like
• 11:36
  Speaker 1: it's like, you know, I can't prove to you that
• 11:40
  Speaker 1: there's not a whale orbiting the earth right now, like
• 11:43
  Speaker 1: there could be like it's possible we just didn't detect
• 11:46
  Speaker 1: it yet, right like, which is just such wishy washy stuff.
• 11:49
  Speaker 1: No medical science is ever going to be one hundred
• 11:51
  Speaker 1: percent on anything, but we're actually pretty darn close when
• 11:55
  Speaker 1: it comes to vaccination totally.
• 11:57
  Speaker 2: All right. Well, you know, perhaps people will respond to
• 12:02
  Speaker 2: the existence of measles by vaccinating a higher rates, which
• 12:05
  Speaker 2: we do see happen. So I guess that's chose a
• 12:07
  Speaker 2: self limiting aspect. Your potentially last thing we wanted to
• 12:10
  Speaker 2: talk about was peptides. The FDA is back for your peptides.
• 12:16
  Speaker 2: If you are a listener after this show, please go
• 12:18
  Speaker 2: back and listen to our episode on pep pides. And
• 12:20
  Speaker 2: one of the things we said there was you can't
• 12:23
  Speaker 2: get peptides in America. You have to get them from
• 12:26
  Speaker 2: overseas manufacturers. The FDA heard us and they were like, oh,
• 12:30
  Speaker 2: we should make those.
• 12:32
  Speaker 1: Why are we outsourcing all? Are we outsourcing improvens to China?
• 12:37
  Speaker 1: As an FDA panel has voted to authorize several peptides
• 12:43
  Speaker 1: which people may have heard of, including on our prior episode,
• 12:46
  Speaker 1: such as BPC one fifty seven that's part of the
• 12:49
  Speaker 1: Wolverine Stack fabled wolverine stack KPV and TP five hundred
• 12:54
  Speaker 1: for bulk compounding. That gives compounding pharmacies here in the
• 12:58
  Speaker 1: US the ability to mix that into stuff that you
• 13:00
  Speaker 1: can then inject into yourself. A bit of controversy here
• 13:05
  Speaker 1: because the staff at the FDA recommended against this. They
• 13:09
  Speaker 1: cited lack of safety and efficacy data, which which we
• 13:11
  Speaker 1: of course highlighted in our prior episode. There's some interesting
• 13:14
  Speaker 1: rat data on some of these things, but in general,
• 13:17
  Speaker 1: we expect there to be human safety and efficacy data
• 13:20
  Speaker 1: before the FDA approves something. The panel that voted to
• 13:24
  Speaker 1: approve it had. It won't surprise you to hear been
• 13:27
  Speaker 1: recently reconstituted by RFK Junior. The new members include six
• 13:33
  Speaker 1: people who run businesses selling peptides, okay, which is like,
• 13:37
  Speaker 1: I don't know, it's okay. I understand that you want expertise,
• 13:42
  Speaker 1: and a lot of times experts do have relationships with industry,
• 13:45
  Speaker 1: and that's true, but you know, the people that run hhs,
• 13:49
  Speaker 1: including RFK, really criticize the FDA for having people with
• 13:53
  Speaker 1: industry ties on these panels. And now they have people
• 13:55
  Speaker 1: who run clinics in Florida that make money injecting overseas
• 13:58
  Speaker 1: peptides on these panels.
• 14:00
  Speaker 2: Okay, so to play to play Devil's advocate on this
• 14:03
  Speaker 2: question of like whether we should have proved these I
• 14:05
  Speaker 2: think they do. There is an argument which the panel made,
• 14:09
  Speaker 2: which is that people are already using these and they're
• 14:12
  Speaker 2: getting them from these unsafe overseas sources, and if we
• 14:16
  Speaker 2: provide them in the US, they will get them here
• 14:19
  Speaker 2: and that will be safer for me. That trades off
• 14:22
  Speaker 2: against the fact that if you provide them here in
• 14:24
  Speaker 2: the US, many more people will use them.
• 14:26
  Speaker 1: Yeah. And it's also it's like, that's like cool mom energy, right,
• 14:29
  Speaker 1: It's like, I know you guys are going to be drinking.
• 14:31
  Speaker 1: I'd rather you drank here, like and I got you
• 14:34
  Speaker 1: a bunch of vodka, Like I.
• 14:35
  Speaker 2: Just that's the at some White Claw and some Social
• 14:39
  Speaker 2: Tonics so you can try things out.
• 14:41
  Speaker 1: Yeah, the FDA is supposed to do.
• 14:43
  Speaker 2: It's not a regular mom, the FDA. It's cool, mom,
• 14:45
  Speaker 2: it's cool.
• 14:46
  Speaker 1: It's cool. FDA. Just like do safety and efficacy. That's
• 14:49
  Speaker 1: like your whole thing, Like prove that a drug works,
• 14:51
  Speaker 1: prove that it's safe. That's what we have to do.
• 14:53
  Speaker 1: And maybe these things do work, but you got to
• 14:56
  Speaker 1: run the trials. It feels like the bare minimum, and
• 14:58
  Speaker 1: like this is what they complain about with vaccines. They're like, ah,
• 15:01
  Speaker 1: they haven't gone through adequate trials, which again is untrue,
• 15:05
  Speaker 1: but in this case it is true. But all of
• 15:07
  Speaker 1: a sudden, it doesn't matter because we can make a
• 15:08
  Speaker 1: lot of money, like with these things that aren't going
• 15:11
  Speaker 1: to be covered by insurance being sold in wellness clinics
• 15:14
  Speaker 1: without any evidence except for social media clout.
• 15:17
  Speaker 2: All right, well, so before you buy a wolverine stack,
• 15:19
  Speaker 2: please listen to our last episode about the data. Thank you.
• 15:23
  Speaker 2: All right, that's it for the health news of the week,
• 15:25
  Speaker 2: and now let's dive into the sun, not literally, let's
• 15:30
  Speaker 2: dive into information about the sun.
• 15:33
  Speaker 1: Do you know what happened to the sun if you
• 15:36
  Speaker 1: were to put a human body into it?
• 15:39
  Speaker 2: I don't think you could get that close to the
• 15:41
  Speaker 2: sun with that magically, Like.
• 15:42
  Speaker 1: If you magically transported a human body into the sun,
• 15:44
  Speaker 1: you know what happened to the sun?
• 15:46
  Speaker 2: Nothing?
• 15:47
  Speaker 1: Nothing, nothing, nothing at all.
• 15:49
  Speaker 2: I think what happened you know what happened to the human?
• 15:51
  Speaker 2: Not anything good? Nothing good.
• 15:53
  Speaker 1: It's not good for the human, not.
• 15:55
  Speaker 2: Good for you. All right, So I think it's worth
• 15:59
  Speaker 2: asking the question, why are we talking about the sun?
• 16:02
  Speaker 2: What does it mean to ask what's the deal with
• 16:04
  Speaker 2: the sun? And obviously we should say the sun is
• 16:06
  Speaker 2: crucial for life on Earth, not controversial, that's not controversial.
• 16:11
  Speaker 2: But on Instagram there are some more controversy about the sun,
• 16:16
  Speaker 2: not about whether we should have it, but about your
• 16:19
  Speaker 2: relationship to exposure to it. And so in particular, I
• 16:22
  Speaker 2: read an increasing sense that maybe we should be more
• 16:26
  Speaker 2: exposed to the sun, right like we just like to
• 16:29
  Speaker 2: back up, I was born in the nineteen eighties, and
• 16:32
  Speaker 2: in the nineteen eighties we had a lot of sun exposure.
• 16:34
  Speaker 2: You know. One time I got a sunburned so bad
• 16:36
  Speaker 2: that my face blistered because we weren't just like wearing
• 16:39
  Speaker 2: that much sunscreen. And now it's like my kids are
• 16:43
  Speaker 2: in like a hat and full on sunscreen and like
• 16:45
  Speaker 2: a long sleeve bathing suit. There were no long sleeve
• 16:48
  Speaker 2: bathing suits when we were children. Now everyone's in like
• 16:51
  Speaker 2: a parka, like a beach parka. And so then the
• 16:55
  Speaker 2: Instagram has pushed back a little and be like, hey,
• 16:57
  Speaker 2: we're not you know, you're wearing too much sunscreen. Instead,
• 17:00
  Speaker 2: you should need a lot of watermelon, because that's just
• 17:03
  Speaker 2: as good as sunscreen.
• 17:04
  Speaker 3: Okay, here's an idea for you. Instead of lathering on
• 17:07
  Speaker 3: chemically filled, unnatural sunscreens, what if instead you drank some
• 17:11
  Speaker 3: watermelon juice. It's true, watermelon juice acts as a natural sunscreen.
• 17:16
  Speaker 3: Watermelon has something known as lycopine in it, which contains
• 17:19
  Speaker 3: antioxidant and anti inflammatory properties that help hydrate and nourish
• 17:24
  Speaker 3: the skin to protect it from the sun. It's well
• 17:26
  Speaker 3: known that hydrated and nourished skin is far less likely
• 17:30
  Speaker 3: to be damaged from the sun.
• 17:31
  Speaker 2: So I think that's what we're going to kind of
• 17:33
  Speaker 2: talk about here, like exposure to the sun, health, vitamin D, sunscreen,
• 17:37
  Speaker 2: mood disorders.
• 17:39
  Speaker 1: I love it.
• 17:39
  Speaker 2: What questions do you have about the sun?
• 17:41
  Speaker 1: It's the summer, so the sun is on my mind
• 17:44
  Speaker 1: and it's very hot. No, I think there's a lot
• 17:47
  Speaker 1: of good stuff to talk about here when you mentioned
• 17:49
  Speaker 1: sun when we were kids, totally, I once got a
• 17:52
  Speaker 1: sunburn on my forehead and like my skin was gonna
• 17:55
  Speaker 1: peel off but hadn't yet, so like there was a
• 17:57
  Speaker 1: layer of skin that was kind of loose, and I
• 17:59
  Speaker 1: was like eleven, and I remember looking in the mirror
• 18:01
  Speaker 1: and raising my eyebrows, and like all these wrinkles appeared
• 18:04
  Speaker 1: on my forehead and I thought, oh my gosh, I
• 18:07
  Speaker 1: have become old, Like the sun has given me wrinkles.
• 18:11
  Speaker 1: That's what everyone says the sun does. And then three
• 18:14
  Speaker 1: days are so passed, and that dead skin all kind
• 18:16
  Speaker 1: of fell off and I had a nice smooth forehead again.
• 18:18
  Speaker 1: But that image burned into my memory. And then about
• 18:21
  Speaker 1: ten years ago, I was looking in the mirror and
• 18:24
  Speaker 1: I raised my eyebrows and there they were again for
• 18:29
  Speaker 1: real time. And the prophecy has been fulfilled.
• 18:33
  Speaker 2: All right, So let's start, I think talking about sunscreen,
• 18:39
  Speaker 2: because sunscreen is weirdly controversial. Actually, yeah, I don't know
• 18:46
  Speaker 2: what happened there.
• 18:46
  Speaker 1: I mean, I think we can unpack why it's controversial. Well, okay, overall,
• 18:52
  Speaker 1: there's money to be made in controversy, right if you're
• 18:54
  Speaker 1: an influencer and you kind of are going to be
• 18:56
  Speaker 1: a contrarian and say, like, well, all the nerds the
• 19:00
  Speaker 1: Ivory Tower telling you to wear sunscreen, now I'm going
• 19:02
  Speaker 1: to tell you not to. And by the way, you know,
• 19:03
  Speaker 1: buy my product or whatever. Like there's there's always the grift,
• 19:07
  Speaker 1: and we should just say that but I think we
• 19:09
  Speaker 1: can find some other reasons that people are skeptical of sunscreen.
• 19:12
  Speaker 1: The reason we wear well, there's two reasons we wear
• 19:15
  Speaker 1: sunscreen really. One is to prevent skin cancer, and one
• 19:20
  Speaker 1: is to prevent the solar aging. The fact that it's true,
• 19:25
  Speaker 1: although it didn't happen to be when I was ten,
• 19:27
  Speaker 1: the sun does age your skin. And you know, I
• 19:31
  Speaker 1: think just i'll briefly touch on mechanism here. I think
• 19:35
  Speaker 1: the only thing that we need to take home is
• 19:37
  Speaker 1: that the sun. The bad stuff that comes from sunlight
• 19:40
  Speaker 1: not bad. The potentially damaging stuff are uv A and
• 19:44
  Speaker 1: uv B wavelengths of light. If you go all the
• 19:47
  Speaker 1: way back to our red light therapy episode, you'll remember
• 19:50
  Speaker 1: that the shorter wavelengths have more energy, they can kind
• 19:53
  Speaker 1: of do more damage, but they don't penetrate as deeply.
• 19:56
  Speaker 1: UVB has that shorter, high energy stuff that can damage DNA,
• 20:02
  Speaker 1: and that's one of the mechanisms by which this causes cancer,
• 20:05
  Speaker 1: whereas the UVA, which can get a little deeper, actually
• 20:08
  Speaker 1: might be more responsible for aging. You know, sunspots, wrinkling
• 20:13
  Speaker 1: and stuff like that, And of course sunscreen. We'll dig
• 20:18
  Speaker 1: into a little bit of how sunscreen works, but sunscreen,
• 20:21
  Speaker 1: if you're wearing a good one, will block both of
• 20:23
  Speaker 1: these things.
• 20:25
  Speaker 2: Both the sun and tanning beds provide the same thing.
• 20:28
  Speaker 2: So some nice people will talk about tanning beds being.
• 20:31
  Speaker 1: Worse or better.
• 20:32
  Speaker 2: I think that for the most part, what we are
• 20:35
  Speaker 2: going to say here applies to using a tanning bed
• 20:38
  Speaker 2: or being outside. Maybe there's some small differences here.
• 20:44
  Speaker 1: Yeah, I would just think of tanning beds as the
• 20:47
  Speaker 1: same as sun. There's a little weird stuff. There's an
• 20:51
  Speaker 1: interesting article in Science Advances in twenty twenty five about
• 20:54
  Speaker 1: this that showed that the melanocite mutation burden was high
• 21:00
  Speaker 1: and distributed more broadly, and people use tanning beds. People
• 21:04
  Speaker 1: use tanning beds are also more likely to get multiple
• 21:06
  Speaker 1: primary melanomas. So a primary cancer is like a cancer
• 21:11
  Speaker 1: in a spot, as opposed to metastatic, which has spread
• 21:13
  Speaker 1: from somewhere else, And so multiple primaries is like getting
• 21:16
  Speaker 1: cancer twice. But these are all really kind of marginal
• 21:19
  Speaker 1: on the edge stuff. I wouldn't like consider one being
• 21:22
  Speaker 1: safer than the other.
• 21:23
  Speaker 2: I will say I don't think people should use tanning. Like,
• 21:26
  Speaker 2: if you are looking to be tan there's a spray
• 21:29
  Speaker 2: for that. You know, like if your goal physical tanning experience,
• 21:33
  Speaker 2: like to look tan, you should just go spray tan yourself.
• 21:36
  Speaker 1: Hey, there's also a peptide for that.
• 21:38
  Speaker 2: There's also a peptide for that. Now you could probably
• 21:40
  Speaker 2: get it. And so I would like sort of put
• 21:43
  Speaker 2: that aside, because for many people the question is more,
• 21:46
  Speaker 2: you know, I'm going to be outside, and then therefore
• 21:50
  Speaker 2: you know should or should not? Should I not protect myself?
• 21:55
  Speaker 2: And I will say the debate on both sides is
• 21:59
  Speaker 2: basically about cancer. So the reason that people that we
• 22:03
  Speaker 2: think you should wear sunscreen is because of cancer, And
• 22:06
  Speaker 2: a lot of the reason people think you shouldn't wear
• 22:08
  Speaker 2: sunscreen is also about cancer. Maybe some about endocrine disruption,
• 22:12
  Speaker 2: but like, cancer comes up on both sides of this,
• 22:14
  Speaker 2: and sometimes the same kinds of cancers, and the conversation
• 22:19
  Speaker 2: is confused.
• 22:20
  Speaker 1: Yeah, let me play you a clip from a typical
• 22:25
  Speaker 1: influencer that people see online talking about the dangers of sunscreen.
• 22:31
  Speaker 4: I am the single biggest hater of sunscreen on the planet.
• 22:33
  Speaker 4: I stopped using sunscreen two years ago when I found
• 22:35
  Speaker 4: out all the problems with it, and I'm never going back.
• 22:37
  Speaker 4: For starters, the lie that we've heard is that sunscreen
• 22:39
  Speaker 4: helps protect you from melanova and skin cancer. Sunscreen wasn't
• 22:43
  Speaker 4: invented until the nineteen thirties, and I believe it wasn't
• 22:44
  Speaker 4: brought to the United States until the mid nineteen forties,
• 22:47
  Speaker 4: but it didn't get FDA approved until about nineteen eighty.
• 22:50
  Speaker 4: Since nineteen eighty, we've seen an increase of over seven
• 22:53
  Speaker 4: hundred percent of Melanova cases. Hmmm, but I thought it
• 22:56
  Speaker 4: was supposed to protect us from the sun. That's what
• 22:58
  Speaker 4: all the dermatologists say.
• 22:59
  Speaker 2: Who cares rated their education, right, This guy's confused.
• 23:04
  Speaker 1: This guy is shirtless too, Emily, is this do we
• 23:08
  Speaker 1: need to do this? Do we need to be recording
• 23:09
  Speaker 1: our podcast without our shirts on? Because apparently this is
• 23:12
  Speaker 1: how you get engagement nowadays.
• 23:13
  Speaker 2: Yeah, are you gonna? I think you should. We we'll
• 23:16
  Speaker 2: see how it goes, and then if we have to
• 23:18
  Speaker 2: ramp up to me, we'll try that anyway. Okay. So
• 23:22
  Speaker 2: the claim here is that sunscreen somehow causes skin cancer.
• 23:30
  Speaker 2: That's confused.
• 23:31
  Speaker 1: Yeah, I mean it's so this influencer is like, oh,
• 23:34
  Speaker 1: we started using sunscreen, you know, in the sixties, and
• 23:38
  Speaker 1: skin cancer rates have also gone up. A classic ecological
• 23:42
  Speaker 1: fallacy for the epidemiologists out there, but also a lot
• 23:47
  Speaker 1: of reverse causality, like sunning and getting tan was not
• 23:52
  Speaker 1: as much of a thing in the nineteen thirties and
• 23:55
  Speaker 1: forties that like was in fact, until people could travel
• 23:58
  Speaker 1: to exotic places and get tan and display that they
• 24:02
  Speaker 1: were wealthy by being tan. They used to display their wealth,
• 24:05
  Speaker 1: telegraph their wealth to others by being pale, to show
• 24:08
  Speaker 1: that they didn't have to like work in the fields
• 24:10
  Speaker 1: and stuff. And so it's sort of the ideal of
• 24:12
  Speaker 1: beauty to be very fair and pale and like, I've
• 24:14
  Speaker 1: never seen the sun. And then that started to change
• 24:17
  Speaker 1: as society changed and travel became easier. People wore more
• 24:20
  Speaker 1: sunscreen to avoid sunburns. People got more cancers because they
• 24:23
  Speaker 1: were in the sun more often. That's really all it is.
• 24:26
  Speaker 2: Yeah, I will also say detection rates for these things
• 24:29
  Speaker 2: have gone up over time, and so it is. You know,
• 24:32
  Speaker 2: in eighteen fifty, if you got a melanoma, you just died.
• 24:36
  Speaker 2: Nobody was like, hey, you know, let me screen you
• 24:39
  Speaker 2: every six months for a weird mole and take it
• 24:42
  Speaker 2: off and diagnose you. But then you're fine, you just died,
• 24:44
  Speaker 2: And so it's a bit weird. To say, you know,
• 24:47
  Speaker 2: and probably you died from something else first anyway.
• 24:49
  Speaker 1: So none of the chemicals in sunscreen have been associated
• 24:54
  Speaker 1: with cancer, None of them damaged DNA, none of them
• 24:56
  Speaker 1: have a mechanism by which they could cause cancer. If
• 24:59
  Speaker 1: I'm really like waving my hands and I want to
• 25:03
  Speaker 1: play Devil's advocate, I could say, well, maybe wearing sunscreen
• 25:07
  Speaker 1: gives you a false sense of security when you're out
• 25:10
  Speaker 1: in the sun, and so you sort of spend more
• 25:12
  Speaker 1: time in the sun and you don't reapply as often
• 25:15
  Speaker 1: as you should, and maybe that's a risk factor. But
• 25:17
  Speaker 1: you can't really blame the sunscreen for that, right, Like
• 25:20
  Speaker 1: it doesn't cause cancer.
• 25:22
  Speaker 2: And we have a fair amount of data that wearing
• 25:24
  Speaker 2: sunscreen reliably reduces cancer. So I think the best data
• 25:28
  Speaker 2: comes from Australia. So there's a trial published in the
• 25:32
  Speaker 2: late nineteen nineties sixteen hundred Australians. They were randomized to
• 25:36
  Speaker 2: either daily SBF fifteen or discretionary use, which just meant
• 25:40
  Speaker 2: use it whenever you want. Since people don't use do things,
• 25:43
  Speaker 2: they use less. Over a period about five years, there
• 25:47
  Speaker 2: was a thirty eight percent lower rate of I never
• 25:51
  Speaker 2: know how to scream.
• 25:52
  Speaker 1: Famous cell carcinoma.
• 25:54
  Speaker 2: Weamous cell carcinoma over eight years of follow up, and
• 25:58
  Speaker 2: there is a non significant but sizable reduction in the
• 26:04
  Speaker 2: number of invasive melanomas. Melanomas is fairly uncommon, so there
• 26:08
  Speaker 2: were only three invasive melanomas in the sunscreen group and
• 26:14
  Speaker 2: eleven in the other group. And so that's that's not
• 26:16
  Speaker 2: really enough to be statistically confident, but it is. It
• 26:19
  Speaker 2: is meaningful. I think that's our best. I think that's
• 26:22
  Speaker 2: our best randomized data.
• 26:23
  Speaker 1: It's a randomized trial. It wasn't even that much SPF.
• 26:26
  Speaker 1: I mean, fifteen is kind of on the low end
• 26:27
  Speaker 1: of what we would probably use today, and it's good.
• 26:31
  Speaker 1: The observational data, like influencers will pull out studies that
• 26:37
  Speaker 1: you can find studies that show people use sunscreen have
• 26:39
  Speaker 1: lower rates of cancer, Studies that show that people use
• 26:41
  Speaker 1: sunscreen have higher rates of cancer of skin cancers. So
• 26:46
  Speaker 1: much of this is what we call confounding by indication, right,
• 26:50
  Speaker 1: which is that people who are at higher risk use
• 26:53
  Speaker 1: more sunscreen.
• 26:54
  Speaker 2: Right.
• 26:54
  Speaker 1: Because it's not randomized, it's you see a similar thing.
• 26:58
  Speaker 1: I'm almost like has an to say it. People who
• 27:01
  Speaker 1: take statins have a higher risk of heart attack, overall
• 27:06
  Speaker 1: than the general population of people who don't take statins,
• 27:09
  Speaker 1: because people who take statins take them for a reason
• 27:12
  Speaker 1: because they're at higher risk of heart disease. They're older,
• 27:14
  Speaker 1: they have diabetes, they have high cholesterol, whereas an eighteen
• 27:16
  Speaker 1: year old who's perfectly healthy doesn't take a statin and
• 27:18
  Speaker 1: is unlikely to have a heart attack. So this is
• 27:20
  Speaker 1: all over the observational literature, which is why you need
• 27:23
  Speaker 1: randomized trials. We have one sunscreen reduces the risk of
• 27:26
  Speaker 1: skin cancer.
• 27:28
  Speaker 2: We call that reverse causality, not count but like in economics,
• 27:32
  Speaker 2: this thing, I mean, it is just like an interesting
• 27:34
  Speaker 2: like there's different words for this. We call it a
• 27:36
  Speaker 2: reverse causality, which I like better because I think it's
• 27:38
  Speaker 2: easier to say than confounding my indication, and it makes
• 27:42
  Speaker 2: more sense.
• 27:44
  Speaker 1: Well, cheerfully withdrawn, all right.
• 27:47
  Speaker 2: There are multiple kinds of sunscreen that one could use.
• 27:50
  Speaker 2: There is mineral sunscreen. This is the sunscreen that makes
• 27:53
  Speaker 2: your face white. It blocks with zinc or titanium dioxide,
• 28:00
  Speaker 2: and you two.
• 28:01
  Speaker 1: Can look like an eighteenth century consumptive.
• 28:05
  Speaker 2: Queen Elizabeth covered her face in lead, and you can
• 28:07
  Speaker 2: cover your face in zinc oxide and achieve the same
• 28:11
  Speaker 2: activity without the facial pitting.
• 28:13
  Speaker 1: Yeah, I was surprised actually to find I didn't actually
• 28:19
  Speaker 1: know this zinc oxide has broader spectrum coverage. So the
• 28:23
  Speaker 1: way these work, by the way, is just it's a
• 28:25
  Speaker 1: physical barrier, like the UV reflects off the tiny particles
• 28:29
  Speaker 1: of zinc or titanium and just reflects into a way
• 28:32
  Speaker 1: towards someone else. Zinc does that both for UVA and UVB,
• 28:37
  Speaker 1: whereas titanium is really UVB focused, and so some dermatologists
• 28:43
  Speaker 1: will recommend to make sure that if you're using titanium alone,
• 28:47
  Speaker 1: like you want to be using something else for UVA,
• 28:49
  Speaker 1: particularly because you don't want that skin aging effects For
• 28:52
  Speaker 1: those of you who don't want to look like eighteenth
• 28:53
  Speaker 1: century consumptives. These nanoparticle formulations that they have now are
• 28:58
  Speaker 1: a little less white. I don't know if you've tried them, Emily,
• 29:00
  Speaker 1: they look okay there and they seem to and medically speaking,
• 29:04
  Speaker 1: they're just as good as the other kinds.
• 29:07
  Speaker 2: They're also chemical sunscreens, and that is anything you're using
• 29:11
  Speaker 2: in a spray. There are other chemical sunscreens which are
• 29:14
  Speaker 2: using chemicals to block the UBA and UVB light. They
• 29:18
  Speaker 2: do not turn your face white. Some people are afraid
• 29:22
  Speaker 2: of these due to concerns about endocrine disruption from some
• 29:26
  Speaker 2: of the chemicals that are used in this. And we'll
• 29:29
  Speaker 2: say that if you feed a rat very very high
• 29:33
  Speaker 2: doses of some of the chemicals in these sunscreens over
• 29:36
  Speaker 2: their whole lifetime, it is not good for them and
• 29:39
  Speaker 2: their reproductive system. But the kinds of level of exposure
• 29:45
  Speaker 2: that you have as a person using the sunscreen is
• 29:48
  Speaker 2: very different than if you are a rat who's primarily
• 29:51
  Speaker 2: eating it. And in fact, people have looked carefully at
• 29:55
  Speaker 2: you know, how much would you have to use sunscreen,
• 29:57
  Speaker 2: like over your whole life cycle to get to this exposure,
• 29:59
  Speaker 2: and it's like not feasible. So I would say if
• 30:03
  Speaker 2: chemical sunscreen is the thing that is easier for you
• 30:07
  Speaker 2: or more acceptable, you should use that. And if you
• 30:10
  Speaker 2: like the white stuff, that's also great. And if you
• 30:12
  Speaker 2: want to just wear a lot of clothing instead that
• 30:15
  Speaker 2: is also okay, but less feasible for most people and
• 30:17
  Speaker 2: especially for kids.
• 30:20
  Speaker 1: Totally agree, whatever will make it easier for you to
• 30:22
  Speaker 1: use for the chemical sunscreen, So those chemicals also have
• 30:25
  Speaker 1: different levels of VA and UVB protection. The FDA has
• 30:28
  Speaker 1: an official labeling for stuff that covers both and it's
• 30:34
  Speaker 1: broad spectrum, so you do want a sunscreen that has
• 30:37
  Speaker 1: that broad spectrum coverage on it that's legally regulated.
• 30:42
  Speaker 2: Also, you don't need SPF three billion, so they will
• 30:47
  Speaker 2: sell very expensive spfs like SPF one hundred or is
• 30:50
  Speaker 2: it really make any sense given what I understand to
• 30:54
  Speaker 2: be what this means, But SBF thirty is the American
• 30:58
  Speaker 2: Dermatological Society says sp thirty or higher, So thirty to
• 31:02
  Speaker 2: fifty you do not have to have, you know, ninety nine,
• 31:05
  Speaker 2: which is expensive.
• 31:06
  Speaker 1: There is one part of sun hitting your skin that
• 31:10
  Speaker 1: I debated putting in this episode, Emily, but I think
• 31:15
  Speaker 1: we just have to talk about it, and that is
• 31:18
  Speaker 1: should we be sunning our perineums. Let me play you
• 31:25
  Speaker 1: a clip from Mister health Nut. Oh, this is a
• 31:29
  Speaker 1: good one.
• 31:30
  Speaker 5: Okay, here we are guys. You guys ask about the
• 31:33
  Speaker 5: butthole sunning all the time, and this is another one
• 31:36
  Speaker 5: of my practices. I don't always talk about it, but
• 31:39
  Speaker 5: it's well known that your fater or your butthole is
• 31:44
  Speaker 5: one of the most sensitive or thin mucous membranes in
• 31:48
  Speaker 5: the body. Thirty seconds of sun on the butthole is
• 31:52
  Speaker 5: like eight hours of sun outside with your clothes on,
• 31:55
  Speaker 5: and so let's basically, the sun is the source of
• 31:58
  Speaker 5: all energy, and so you're getting that sunlight up into
• 32:03
  Speaker 5: the channels of the body. You're giving yourself a nice
• 32:06
  Speaker 5: energetic electrical butt plug. For men, sun on your testicles
• 32:11
  Speaker 5: or naked sun is good for testosterone boostings. This is
• 32:15
  Speaker 5: just energy for the soul.
• 32:19
  Speaker 2: My favorite part of that Cliff Perry is when he
• 32:21
  Speaker 2: says he doesn't people don't talk about it all the time.
• 32:24
  Speaker 2: It's like, that's true, that's true. You talk about this
• 32:27
  Speaker 2: all that.
• 32:27
  Speaker 1: Can you describe what you're watching for people who are
• 32:29
  Speaker 1: listening to this in audio format.
• 32:31
  Speaker 2: There's a man. He's both shirtless and pantiless, although you
• 32:35
  Speaker 2: can't see too much, and his legs are over his head,
• 32:38
  Speaker 2: and it is obvious that he is exposing his butthole
• 32:43
  Speaker 2: to the sun while explaining the benefits of doing so.
• 32:48
  Speaker 1: This this is in the zeitgeist in no small part
• 32:52
  Speaker 1: because Tucker Carlson himself tried this. He had some documentary
• 32:58
  Speaker 1: on you know, being a man or manliness in America,
• 33:01
  Speaker 1: and some somehow this incredibly unmanly thing. Like I just
• 33:06
  Speaker 1: I look at this video and like this just does
• 33:08
  Speaker 1: not scream macho to me. Apparently boosts your testosterone or
• 33:13
  Speaker 1: something like that.
• 33:14
  Speaker 2: Yeah, I should say, your buttole and your paraneum are
• 33:16
  Speaker 2: actually not the same thing. So first of all, that's
• 33:20
  Speaker 2: not the scientific word for your anus. But there's the
• 33:24
  Speaker 2: paraneum is the area between your either vagina or your
• 33:29
  Speaker 2: scrotum and your and your butthole. So I guess all
• 33:32
  Speaker 2: of that area could be sunned, but don't do Yeah,
• 33:36
  Speaker 2: you get sunburned. That's the terrible way to get a terrible,
• 33:40
  Speaker 2: painful sunburn in a very uncomfortable area.
• 33:42
  Speaker 1: Absolutely, First of all, this doesn't work. There is some
• 33:46
  Speaker 1: data that human testosterone levels peak in late summer early autumn,
• 33:50
  Speaker 1: but that has nothing to do with your premium and
• 33:51
  Speaker 1: it probably doesn't even have anything to do with sun exposure.
• 33:54
  Speaker 1: There's multiple factors that change testosterone levels, so that's nothing.
• 33:59
  Speaker 1: And there's some risk here s digging in. So people
• 34:02
  Speaker 1: with psyriasis can get UV therapy, so ultraviolet lights to
• 34:08
  Speaker 1: treat the psoriasis. UV light is immunosuppressive to some extent.
• 34:12
  Speaker 1: That's one of the reasons that cancers can develop with
• 34:14
  Speaker 1: excessive UV exposure. But for psoriasis, you want to suppress
• 34:17
  Speaker 1: the immune system. And when they first started doing this,
• 34:21
  Speaker 1: they found that people getting UVA and B therapy for
• 34:24
  Speaker 1: psoriasis had a fourfold increase in genital tumors. And that
• 34:29
  Speaker 1: was because the skin around the genitals is very thin,
• 34:33
  Speaker 1: so that high energy uv B can penetrate to more
• 34:36
  Speaker 1: important stuff than it can in the other parts of
• 34:39
  Speaker 1: your body. And so now the guideline recommendations for people
• 34:42
  Speaker 1: getting that therapy even whole body u v A u
• 34:44
  Speaker 1: v B for psoriasis is to specifically cover the genital area,
• 34:49
  Speaker 1: the perineum. So don't do this, Okay, should take a break.
• 34:56
  Speaker 2: I feel like we're going to take a break. If
• 34:57
  Speaker 2: you need to go sun your buttthole, this is a
• 34:59
  Speaker 2: great time. And then come back and we'll talk about
• 35:03
  Speaker 2: vitamin D. Welcome back. We are going to turn to
• 35:12
  Speaker 2: vitamin D and whether the need for more vitamin D
• 35:17
  Speaker 2: is part of why you should be exposed to the sun.
• 35:21
  Speaker 2: Let me set the stage here by saying there are
• 35:24
  Speaker 2: many vitamins AC a bunch of different B vitamins. Most
• 35:30
  Speaker 2: of these you get through your food. Vitamin D is
• 35:35
  Speaker 2: one that you get some through your food but also
• 35:39
  Speaker 2: through exposure to the sun. Like other vitamins, if you
• 35:43
  Speaker 2: do not have enough of this, it's very bad. So
• 35:47
  Speaker 2: vitamins are in general substances that our body cannot produce
• 35:51
  Speaker 2: on its own, so we must be getting from some
• 35:53
  Speaker 2: outside source. Like extensive Vitamin D deficiency is associated with
• 36:00
  Speaker 2: with rickets in kids with kind of bone decay. You
• 36:05
  Speaker 2: need vitamin D to support to support your bone, but
• 36:08
  Speaker 2: you basically can't get enough of it through food, So
• 36:11
  Speaker 2: most foods don't have very much at all. Your milk
• 36:14
  Speaker 2: is fortified with that, but most people in the US
• 36:16
  Speaker 2: are not getting anything close to the appropriate amount of
• 36:19
  Speaker 2: vitamin D in food, and so they have to get
• 36:21
  Speaker 2: it through the sun. Okay, how does it happen, science Perry,
• 36:27
  Speaker 2: How do you get vitamin D through the sun. It
• 36:29
  Speaker 2: involves the kidney, So I'm going to give this to you.
• 36:31
  Speaker 1: Yeah, it does. So you have in your skin a
• 36:35
  Speaker 1: substance called seven D hydro cholesterol, which is a cholesterol derivative,
• 36:40
  Speaker 1: and UVB converts that to vitamin D three. So you've
• 36:46
  Speaker 1: probably seen D three supplements in the GENC or CBS
• 36:50
  Speaker 1: or whatever. That's what it is. Vitamin D three is
• 36:54
  Speaker 1: not active. It has no physiologic effects. But it is
• 36:58
  Speaker 1: a substrate that gets converted by the liver to twenty
• 37:00
  Speaker 1: five hydroxy vitamin D that is also not active. You
• 37:06
  Speaker 1: can get a prescription for that. This is called Ergo
• 37:09
  Speaker 1: calcifer All, but it's generally not sold in stores. That
• 37:13
  Speaker 1: twenty five vitamin D goes to the kidneys and becomes
• 37:16
  Speaker 1: one twenty five hydroxyl vitamin D, and that and only
• 37:21
  Speaker 1: that is the biologically active form of vitamin D. There's
• 37:25
  Speaker 1: a prescription form of that as well, called calci trial,
• 37:28
  Speaker 1: which is very expensive and has a lot of side effects.
• 37:31
  Speaker 1: But basically there's a lot of processes in your body
• 37:34
  Speaker 1: that are designed to get you to vitamin D and
• 37:36
  Speaker 1: it all starts with UVB exposure. But I think what
• 37:39
  Speaker 1: will surprise people is how much vitamin D you get
• 37:43
  Speaker 1: from a little bit of sunlight. So the recommended daily
• 37:50
  Speaker 1: intake for vitamin D is varies. Two hundred to four
• 37:53
  Speaker 1: hundred international units is sort of typical, and you'll see
• 37:56
  Speaker 1: supplements ranging from like one thousand to two thousand international
• 38:00
  Speaker 1: units per day vitamin D supplements. If you had UVB
• 38:05
  Speaker 1: exposure for twenty minutes to your whole body, so imagine
• 38:09
  Speaker 1: twenty minutes on the beach. If you're a light skinned individual,
• 38:12
  Speaker 1: and this is an important consideration, that produces approximately ten
• 38:17
  Speaker 1: thousand international units of D three, so about ten times
• 38:21
  Speaker 1: the dose you'd get from from taking a vitamin that's
• 38:24
  Speaker 1: twenty minutes.
• 38:26
  Speaker 2: It is also, I think important to say at this
• 38:29
  Speaker 2: point that you cannot overdose on vitamin D through the sun.
• 38:33
  Speaker 2: So you could if you were outside for a very
• 38:35
  Speaker 2: long time, like putting aside the sunburn risk, and you
• 38:38
  Speaker 2: say you were outside for five hours, and so it's
• 38:40
  Speaker 2: going to be you know, many bajillion units of vitamin
• 38:44
  Speaker 2: D that will just that does that does not cause
• 38:48
  Speaker 2: you to overdose, whereas taking that amount in a supplement
• 38:52
  Speaker 2: would actually be quite dangerous.
• 38:54
  Speaker 1: Thank you for saying that. Yes, the sun degrades vitamin
• 38:58
  Speaker 1: D three in the skin, so as it's making it,
• 39:02
  Speaker 1: if there's a ton there, it'll degrade and sort of
• 39:05
  Speaker 1: noth It puts the brakes on automatically, but it ingested.
• 39:08
  Speaker 1: Vitamin D three is its own thing. People can absolutely
• 39:11
  Speaker 1: overdose on this stuff. You can get something called milk
• 39:14
  Speaker 1: alkali syndrome fascinating. You can get very high calcium levels
• 39:19
  Speaker 1: which can cause a lot of things, kidney damage, coma arrhythmias,
• 39:25
  Speaker 1: bad stuff. I think though, the reason vitamin D comes
• 39:30
  Speaker 1: up a lot is that we have a slew of
• 39:33
  Speaker 1: studies linking low vitamin D level measured vitamin D. And
• 39:38
  Speaker 1: I'll just say, typically when people are measuring vitamin D
• 39:40
  Speaker 1: in the blood, they're often measuring twenty five vitamin D
• 39:44
  Speaker 1: that liver one before it gets the kidney. It's just
• 39:46
  Speaker 1: an easier test to run than the real vitamin D.
• 39:49
  Speaker 1: It's fine, but we have a slew of studies linking
• 39:52
  Speaker 1: low vitamin D levels to a variety of diseases. And
• 39:57
  Speaker 1: I listed a few. So vit D level increases the
• 40:01
  Speaker 1: risk of cancer. Well, vitamin D level increases the risk
• 40:03
  Speaker 1: of cardiovascular disease. Low vitamin D level increases the risk
• 40:07
  Speaker 1: of diabetes. Low vitamin D increases the risk of falls,
• 40:11
  Speaker 1: COVID all cause mortality. Like, looking at all that observational data,
• 40:15
  Speaker 1: you'd be like, oh my god, vitamin D is the
• 40:18
  Speaker 1: most important thing in the world. But Emily, we don't
• 40:23
  Speaker 1: like observational data. What are the randomized trials of vitamin
• 40:27
  Speaker 1: D supplementation show us?
• 40:29
  Speaker 2: The randomized trials of vitamin D supplementation show us that
• 40:33
  Speaker 2: there's nothing so they're actually a large number of randomized
• 40:36
  Speaker 2: trials on all of the outcomes that you have listed.
• 40:40
  Speaker 2: Some of it is the same trial looking at and
• 40:43
  Speaker 2: these trials are big, you know, twenty five twenty six
• 40:46
  Speaker 2: thousand people true placebo control trials, and they just don't
• 40:54
  Speaker 2: show anything. They just show no differences. When you supplement
• 40:57
  Speaker 2: people with vitamin D, it doesn't look any different. They don't.
• 41:00
  Speaker 2: Nothing different happens than if they weren't supplemented with vitamin D.
• 41:04
  Speaker 2: And this is because the observational data is driven by bias,
• 41:12
  Speaker 2: by the fact that the people who are taking the
• 41:13
  Speaker 2: vitamin D are different from the people who don't take
• 41:15
  Speaker 2: the vitamin D. And in fact, like before I get
• 41:19
  Speaker 2: off my high horse about this, we have for many
• 41:22
  Speaker 2: years been telling people to take vitamin D, like vitamin
• 41:26
  Speaker 2: D is good for you, take vitamin D to prevent cancer.
• 41:28
  Speaker 2: And so not only is there this baseline just like
• 41:31
  Speaker 2: people who take more vitamins tend to be positively selected
• 41:34
  Speaker 2: in various ways, but over time we've made that worse
• 41:38
  Speaker 2: with our advice. So we tell people take vitamin D,
• 41:40
  Speaker 2: and the people who take the vitamin D are also
• 41:42
  Speaker 2: the people who are doing all of the other things,
• 41:44
  Speaker 2: and so the problem has gotten like worse and worse
• 41:46
  Speaker 2: and worse over time. About a half of Americans take
• 41:49
  Speaker 2: a vitamin D supplement now, and if you look at
• 41:53
  Speaker 2: what half it is, it's also the half that's exercising
• 41:55
  Speaker 2: and eating vegetables and doing other the things that not smoking,
• 42:01
  Speaker 2: and so it just it's just a classic case where
• 42:04
  Speaker 2: like the observational data is super is super misleading.
• 42:08
  Speaker 1: Even people, even if you excludeople who are supplementing at all,
• 42:12
  Speaker 1: you do find observationally that lower level like blood level
• 42:15
  Speaker 1: of vitamin D associates with all these bad outcomes. But
• 42:18
  Speaker 1: the way I often describe it is that vitamin D,
• 42:20
  Speaker 1: your vitamin D level, if you're getting your vitamin D measured,
• 42:24
  Speaker 1: it's very much a lifestyle biomarker. Like if you are
• 42:28
  Speaker 1: the type of person who goes outside and gets sun
• 42:32
  Speaker 1: and exercises and touches grass, like you're going to have
• 42:36
  Speaker 1: and it's a very diet right with multiple sources of
• 42:38
  Speaker 1: vitamin D in it, you're going to have a higher
• 42:40
  Speaker 1: vitamin D level. Conversely, if you're a person who is
• 42:44
  Speaker 1: sick from other things, who is you know, has nutritional deficiencies,
• 42:49
  Speaker 1: who isn't getting outside and getting exercise, you're going to
• 42:51
  Speaker 1: have a low vitamin D level. It is a very
• 42:54
  Speaker 1: nice marker of kind of overall health, but that doesn't
• 42:58
  Speaker 1: necessarily mean that making the marker look better makes your
• 43:02
  Speaker 1: health look better. It's it's the canary in the coal mine,
• 43:05
  Speaker 1: and you know, bringing in a better canary or whatever
• 43:07
  Speaker 1: doesn't fix the coal mine. That's a bit of a
• 43:10
  Speaker 1: tortured analogy.
• 43:11
  Speaker 2: Sorry, can see I see where you were going with that. Yeah,
• 43:14
  Speaker 2: So from the perspective of the sun, I will say, like,
• 43:18
  Speaker 2: you know, you are probably getting enough vitamin D from
• 43:21
  Speaker 2: your exposure to the sun already, and you don't need
• 43:25
  Speaker 2: to either stand outside more in the sun for more
• 43:27
  Speaker 2: vitamin D, nor do you need to take a vitamin
• 43:30
  Speaker 2: D supplement.
• 43:32
  Speaker 1: Yeah, it is a bit harder of course in the
• 43:35
  Speaker 1: winter and in certain climates where the sun doesn't shine
• 43:37
  Speaker 1: as much, and it is certainly harder for darker skinned individuals.
• 43:41
  Speaker 1: That melanin that protects the DNA in your cells from
• 43:44
  Speaker 1: uv causing mutations also decreases the ability of UVB to
• 43:48
  Speaker 1: help synthesize vitamin D, and so if you are darker skinned,
• 43:53
  Speaker 1: there's more rationale for focusing on dietary intake of vitamin D.
• 43:59
  Speaker 1: I'm still not very pro supplement of vitamin D just
• 44:01
  Speaker 1: because even in the randomized trials, we don't see a
• 44:04
  Speaker 1: signal across any skin tone for benefit.
• 44:08
  Speaker 2: By and large, totally right, I'm a negative on vitamin
• 44:11
  Speaker 2: D supplements, even though my many people are always telling
• 44:16
  Speaker 2: me to take them, but I don't.
• 44:18
  Speaker 1: Nope, them don't do it.
• 44:21
  Speaker 2: All right, So the sun necessary for your vitamin D,
• 44:25
  Speaker 2: but you know, need more of it. Sunscreen very important.
• 44:29
  Speaker 2: There are other ways in which we have evolved to
• 44:32
  Speaker 2: like the sun in particular. It makes us happy. Yeah,
• 44:37
  Speaker 2: people like to go outside and be in the sun.
• 44:40
  Speaker 1: That's nice.
• 44:42
  Speaker 2: Yeah, I mean there, and we see this well, we
• 44:44
  Speaker 2: see it in observational data where you know, people spend
• 44:48
  Speaker 2: more time outside have a lower risk of depression. Is
• 44:52
  Speaker 2: that causal? I don't. I don't know, But we do
• 44:56
  Speaker 2: have evidence on seasonal effective disorder, which responds to light therapy,
• 45:00
  Speaker 2: So I think there's a sort of clear randomized trial
• 45:04
  Speaker 2: that supports a mechanism that light exposure makes us happier.
• 45:09
  Speaker 2: Seasonal effective disorder is actually a big problem in a
• 45:11
  Speaker 2: lot of these countries where it's really dark all the time.
• 45:15
  Speaker 1: Yeah, and it's interesting it does not appear to be
• 45:17
  Speaker 1: vitamin D mediated, so it's not that your vitamin D
• 45:21
  Speaker 1: gets low and that's what causes sadness, because vitamin D
• 45:24
  Speaker 1: supplementation does not improve seasonal effective disorder, but the blue
• 45:29
  Speaker 1: light therapy does. That's clear. As you say, from randomized trials.
• 45:32
  Speaker 1: A lot of the mechanism apparently is circadian sleep disruption,
• 45:37
  Speaker 1: and the blue light therapy is done early in the
• 45:39
  Speaker 1: morning to sort of reset your circadian clock. And if
• 45:43
  Speaker 1: there's any theme of the Wellness actually podcast, it is
• 45:45
  Speaker 1: that sleep is the most important thing and is tied
• 45:48
  Speaker 1: to everything else, and so I think this is yet
• 45:50
  Speaker 1: another example of that.
• 45:51
  Speaker 2: Yeah, sleep is very important.
• 45:53
  Speaker 1: Yes, I found a couple of other weird like sun
• 45:57
  Speaker 1: benefits that I'm curious what you think about out Emily.
• 46:01
  Speaker 1: One is some fairly consistent links between low childhood sun
• 46:08
  Speaker 1: exposure and subsequent multiple sclerosis. So multiple sclerosis is clearly
• 46:15
  Speaker 1: diagnosed more in the northern latitudes. And this is not
• 46:21
  Speaker 1: just a rich country, poor country thing, because even across
• 46:24
  Speaker 1: for example, the United States, like the further north you are,
• 46:27
  Speaker 1: the higher the risk of multiple sclerosis is. I don't
• 46:31
  Speaker 1: have a great mechanism for why this would be. But like,
• 46:34
  Speaker 1: it's not just one or two studies that have found
• 46:36
  Speaker 1: this link. And I don't know, what do you think?
• 46:41
  Speaker 1: Do you think that there's an MS sunlight?
• 46:42
  Speaker 2: Things a little hard to tell from studies that are
• 46:47
  Speaker 2: on this. Most of these are what's called the case
• 46:49
  Speaker 2: control study, and so they identify, you know, because multiple
• 46:55
  Speaker 2: sclerosis is not common. I mean, it's not vanishing were
• 47:00
  Speaker 2: but it's not like it's not a common thing, so
• 47:02
  Speaker 2: you don't see it that much in these large population studies.
• 47:05
  Speaker 2: The way these studies often work is they will take
• 47:07
  Speaker 2: a set of people who have the diagnosis and then
• 47:10
  Speaker 2: find some other people without the diagnosis, and you know,
• 47:13
  Speaker 2: compare them on feature like questions, they ask them survey questions,
• 47:17
  Speaker 2: other other characteristics. That kind of study has all of
• 47:22
  Speaker 2: the problems of basic observational data that you know, these
• 47:25
  Speaker 2: groups may differ for in many other ways. It also
• 47:28
  Speaker 2: has a problem that they differ in how you select them,
• 47:32
  Speaker 2: and you're asking about stuff often that happened in the past.
• 47:35
  Speaker 2: It's just it's not a it's not a very strong
• 47:38
  Speaker 2: empirical approach. It's sometimes the only approach that we have.
• 47:41
  Speaker 2: And so I don't want to like say, we should
• 47:43
  Speaker 2: never look at this, but it feels as an approach,
• 47:47
  Speaker 2: like something that would generate a hypothesis rather than prove one. Sure,
• 47:51
  Speaker 2: and so this sort of this feels like there's probably
• 47:54
  Speaker 2: something more clever someone could do to try to get
• 47:57
  Speaker 2: more of an answer here. We don't understand that much
• 47:59
  Speaker 2: about ms and what drives people. It seems clear that
• 48:03
  Speaker 2: there's genetic risks, but also the epigenetic issues and other
• 48:08
  Speaker 2: things that happen. So it's an interesting research area. My
• 48:12
  Speaker 2: guess is that sun exposure will not turn out to
• 48:14
  Speaker 2: be the most important feature here.
• 48:16
  Speaker 1: Fair enough, if it gives people motivation to get their
• 48:19
  Speaker 1: kids outside in the sun, hits you all for the good,
• 48:22
  Speaker 1: but make sure they're wearing their sunscreen.
• 48:24
  Speaker 2: There is actually some better evidence that outdoor time reduces myopia.
• 48:29
  Speaker 2: That's probably not just about the sun but about being outside.
• 48:32
  Speaker 2: Oh sure, and some of that is from randomized data.
• 48:34
  Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. I guess it turns out that
• 48:39
  Speaker 1: I mean, I guess our moms were right, which is
• 48:41
  Speaker 1: like sitting too close to the TV is gonna ruin
• 48:43
  Speaker 1: your eyesight? Right, like you when you're outside, you're forced
• 48:46
  Speaker 1: to what is it accommodate your pupils to distance, which
• 48:52
  Speaker 1: flexes those muscles a little.
• 48:54
  Speaker 2: Bit, right, something like that. Yes, anyway, it's good to
• 48:57
  Speaker 2: go outside. Yeah, that's another theme of wellness. Go outside
• 49:01
  Speaker 2: and then also go to sleep, but not outside.
• 49:04
  Speaker 1: Right right, All right, Emily, I think it's time to
• 49:10
  Speaker 1: decide whether this sun thing is all it's cooked up
• 49:14
  Speaker 1: to be. Smash or pass the sun.
• 49:18
  Speaker 2: I'm a smash. I mean, you know, it has its limitations,
• 49:21
  Speaker 2: but I would say on the whole, I'm pleased that
• 49:23
  Speaker 2: we have the sun around, and I'm going to keep
• 49:27
  Speaker 2: I like to keep it.
• 49:28
  Speaker 1: I agree, smash the sun is one of my top
• 49:34
  Speaker 1: five stars.
• 49:36
  Speaker 2: What is your second favorite star? Is it Alpha cent Jerry?
• 49:40
  Speaker 1: Yeah, it's Rice actually, because that's where the pleasure planet
• 49:48
  Speaker 1: is in Star Trek. That's for tomorrow's husband.
• 49:51
  Speaker 2: I will say, I'm going to pass vitamin D supplements
• 49:55
  Speaker 2: because we also talked about that, and I'm going to
• 49:57
  Speaker 2: smash sunscreen. What about you?
• 50:01
  Speaker 1: I will pass on vitamin D supplementation and smash sunscreen.
• 50:06
  Speaker 2: Yes, amazing. All right, that's it for the sun your
• 50:10
  Speaker 2: mail back question of the week after the break. All right,
• 50:18
  Speaker 2: let's move to our question of the week, and if
• 50:20
  Speaker 2: you have a question, you can go to Wellness actually
• 50:22
  Speaker 2: dot FM and leave us a recording and we will
• 50:25
  Speaker 2: try to answer it all Right this week, here's a
• 50:29
  Speaker 2: question Hi, Emily and Harry set between my husband and me.
• 50:34
  Speaker 1: Which organs can you?
• 50:36
  Speaker 2: No?
• 50:36
  Speaker 1: Thanks, this is such a fun question.
• 50:39
  Speaker 2: It's the kidney, right, you only need one of those.
• 50:42
  Speaker 2: I know they're your favorite, but it's not important.
• 50:44
  Speaker 1: Oh well, if we're saying we can only take out one,
• 50:47
  Speaker 1: then you can definitely take out one. Long that's fine.
• 50:50
  Speaker 1: You can take me half a liver basically. Oh sure, yeah, yeah, yeah.
• 50:53
  Speaker 2: Okay, so I could take I only knew one of
• 50:56
  Speaker 2: my lungs.
• 50:56
  Speaker 1: Come on, I was yeah. I mean, I'm not saying
• 50:59
  Speaker 1: it's going to be great, but you're you're you're fine.
• 51:03
  Speaker 1: You can take out people's hole lung all the time
• 51:05
  Speaker 1: for cancer and stuff like that. I thought this question
• 51:07
  Speaker 1: was the whole organ system, in which case I was
• 51:10
  Speaker 1: going to say kidney because of dialysis, because we don't
• 51:15
  Speaker 1: really have a die out, so kidneys clean the blood
• 51:18
  Speaker 1: and dialysis can kind of take over that for people
• 51:21
  Speaker 1: who have end stage kidney disease, which you would have
• 51:24
  Speaker 1: if both your kidneys were removed. It's it's not the
• 51:29
  Speaker 1: greatest thing in the world. You're getting four hours of
• 51:32
  Speaker 1: dialysis three times a week, but you you'd stay alive.
• 51:34
  Speaker 1: And we don't really have that. I'm trying to think,
• 51:36
  Speaker 1: we don't really have that for anything else.
• 51:37
  Speaker 2: I mean, what about your reproductive organs. We could take
• 51:40
  Speaker 2: out your your scuteris, your ovaries? Yeah, who needs no
• 51:46
  Speaker 2: problem not not using them all the time?
• 51:50
  Speaker 1: Yeap our producer to Mars's gallbladder. Sure you can remove that.
• 51:53
  Speaker 1: Is that an organ?
• 51:55
  Speaker 2: Is that an organ?
• 51:55
  Speaker 5: Yeah?
• 51:56
  Speaker 1: I don't think like a organ. Let's see brain you
• 52:01
  Speaker 1: probably need you know.
• 52:06
  Speaker 2: You remove your whole colon.
• 52:07
  Speaker 1: Yeah, we can get you can take out your whole colon.
• 52:09
  Speaker 1: That's that's done. M hm, spleen. Absolutely, you can do
• 52:16
  Speaker 1: without a spleen. Wow, we can remove a lot.
• 52:23
  Speaker 2: Let me ask you, Ferry, why did you choose to
• 52:25
  Speaker 2: be a doctor specializing in one of the organs we
• 52:27
  Speaker 2: don't need. Why didn't you pick an organ that is necessary?
• 52:31
  Speaker 1: Oh? That that does hurt a little bit, but it's
• 52:34
  Speaker 1: it's it's it's a good point. Do you know why.
• 52:36
  Speaker 1: It's because the kidneys are one of the few organs
• 52:40
  Speaker 1: where you can very easily measure the input which is blood,
• 52:43
  Speaker 1: the output which is urine, and infer the miracle that
• 52:48
  Speaker 1: is going on inside. Try that with anything any other organs.
• 52:52
  Speaker 2: Very difficult, spoken like a true lover of kidneys. Uh
• 52:58
  Speaker 2: in the human all right, so it turns out we
• 53:01
  Speaker 2: don't need many of our organs, but yet somehow, let's
• 53:05
  Speaker 2: just say there aren't. There's very few organs other than
• 53:09
  Speaker 2: maybe your reproductive organs where removing them even then probably
• 53:13
  Speaker 2: this we're removing them like would not result in some
• 53:16
  Speaker 2: change to how you would have to behave.
• 53:19
  Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, yeah, they're there for a reason.
• 53:21
  Speaker 2: They're there for a reason evolution didn't. Except for the appendix,
• 53:24
  Speaker 2: which is a waste of time, most of our stuff
• 53:27
  Speaker 2: is useful. Okay, that's it. Join us next week when
• 53:33
  Speaker 2: we will ask what's the deal with gluten wellness? Actually
• 53:38
  Speaker 2: is produced in association with iHeartMedia. Our senior producer is
• 53:42
  Speaker 2: Tamar Avishai. Our executive producer at iHeart is Jennifer Bassett.
• 53:47
  Speaker 2: Our theme music is by Eric Deutsch, and our content
• 53:50
  Speaker 2: is for educational purposes only.
• 53:52
  Speaker 1: If you like the show, help other people find us,
• 53:54
  Speaker 1: leave a rating and review on Apple Podcasts, or your
• 53:57
  Speaker 1: podcatcher of choice and help us spread the word about
• 54:00
  Speaker 1: the show. You can follow us on Instagram at Wellness
• 54:03
  Speaker 1: Actually pod and don't forget we want to hear from you.
• 54:07
  Speaker 1: Head over to Wellness Actually dot fm and leave us
• 54:09
  Speaker 1: a question for our mailbag or suggest a topic for
• 54:12
  Speaker 1: a future show.
• 54:13
  Speaker 2: We'll let the influencers have the last word. The Sun
• 54:16
  Speaker 2: is a mass of incandescent gass, a gigantic nuclear furnace
• 54:20
  Speaker 2: where hydrogen is used into heale at temperatures of millions
• 54:23
  Speaker 2: of degrees.
• 55:11
  Speaker 1: Right, Oh, let's do the whole thing, because it's not rigel,
• 55:19
  Speaker 1: it's risa. They're gonna get me on that, all right,
• 55:29
  Speaker 1: except they said the wrong planet, all right, Emily, with
• 55:40
  Speaker 1: that the tough question, the Sun? Is it all? It's
• 55:45
  Speaker 1: cracked up to be? Smasher? Pass the Sun? H uh?
• 56:08
  Speaker 1: For the Sun? I will. I will smash the Sun.
• 56:11
  Speaker 1: It is one of my five favorite stars in the galaxy.
• 56:16
  Speaker 1: And I will pass on vitamin D supplementation and smash sunscreen.
• 56:22
  Speaker 2: Yes.
• 56:29
  Speaker 4: Hm,