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24 - History of the Philippines by David Prescott Barrows · History of the Philippines

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  Speaker 1: Chapter thirteen, Part two of A History of the Philippines.
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  Speaker 1: This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in
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  Speaker 1: the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please
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  Speaker 1: visit LibriVox dot org. Recording by Alma Molino. A History
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  Speaker 1: of the Philippines by David Barrows, Chapter thirteen, Part two,
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  Speaker 1: Assassination of Filipinos. Many of the Filipino leaders were necessarily
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  Speaker 1: not well instructed in those rules for the conduct of
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  Speaker 1: warfare which civilized peoples have agreed upon as being humane
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  Speaker 1: and honorable. Many of them tried, especially in the latter
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  Speaker 1: months of the war, when understanding was more widely diffused,
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  Speaker 1: to make their conduct conformed to international usage. But the
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  Speaker 1: revolutionary junta had committed the great crime of ordering the
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  Speaker 1: punishment by assassination of all Filipinos who failed to support
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  Speaker 1: the insurgent cause. No possible justification in the light of
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  Speaker 1: modern morality can be found for such a step as this.
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  Speaker 1: The very worst passions were let loose in carrying out
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  Speaker 1: this policy. Scores of unfortunate men were assassinated, many of
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  Speaker 1: them as the results of private enmity. Endless blackmail was extorted,
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  Speaker 1: and communities were terrorized from one end of the archipelago
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  Speaker 1: to the other, irregular warfare of the Filipinos, through the
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  Speaker 1: surrender of Spanish forces, the capture of the arsenals of
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  Speaker 1: Gavide and Olungopo, and by purchase through Hong Kong, the
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  Speaker 1: revolutionary government possessed between thirty thousand and forty thousand rifles.
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  Speaker 1: These arms were distributed to the different military zones, and
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  Speaker 1: the secret organization which existed in each municipality received its proportion.
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  Speaker 1: These guns were secreted by the different members of the command,
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  Speaker 1: except when occasion arose for effecting surprise or making an attack.
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  Speaker 1: There were no general engagements, but in some towns there
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  Speaker 1: was almost nightly shooting. Pickets and small detachments were cut off,
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  Speaker 1: and roads became so unsafe throughout most of the archipelago
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  Speaker 1: that there was no travel by Americans except under heavy
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  Speaker 1: escort for a long time. Also, the orders of the
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  Speaker 1: commanding General were so lenient that it was impossible properly
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  Speaker 1: to punish his conduct. When it was discovered death of
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  Speaker 1: General Lawton, the American Army, in its attempt to garrison
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  Speaker 1: every important town in the islands, was cut up into
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  Speaker 1: as many as five hundred and fifty small detachments of
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  Speaker 1: post garrisons. Thus, while there were finally over seventy thousand
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  Speaker 1: American soldiers in the islands, it was rare for as
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  Speaker 1: many as five hundred to take the field, and most
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  Speaker 1: of the engagements of the year nineteen hundred were by
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  Speaker 1: small detachments of fifty to one hundred men. It was
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  Speaker 1: in one of these small expeditions that the American Army
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  Speaker 1: suffered the greatest single loss of the war. A few
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  Speaker 1: miles east of Manila is the beautiful Marakina Valley, from
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  Speaker 1: which is derived the city's supply of water, and the
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  Speaker 1: head waters of this pretty stream lie in the wild
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  Speaker 1: and picturesque fastness of San Mateo and Mandalban. Although scarce
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  Speaker 1: a dozen miles from the capital and the headquarters of
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  Speaker 1: a Filipino brigade, San Mateo was not permanently occupied by
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  Speaker 1: the Americans until after the eighteenth of December eighteen ninety nine,
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  Speaker 1: when a force under General Lawton was led around through
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  Speaker 1: the hills to surprise the town. Early in the morning,
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  Speaker 1: the American force came pouring down over the hills that
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  Speaker 1: lie across the river from the village. They were met
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  Speaker 1: by a brisk fire from the insurgent command scattered along
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  Speaker 1: the banks of the river and in a sugar hucienda
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  Speaker 1: close to the stream. Here Lawton, conspicuous in like clothing
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  Speaker 1: and helmet accompanying as was his custom, the front line
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  Speaker 1: of skirmishers was struck by a bullet and instantly killed.
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  Speaker 1: Leaders sent to Guam. In November nineteen hundred, after the
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  Speaker 1: re election in the United States of President McKinley, a
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  Speaker 1: much more vigorous policy of war was inaugurated. In this month,
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  Speaker 1: General MacArthur, commanding the division, issued a notable general order
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  Speaker 1: defining and explaining the laws of war which were being violated,
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  Speaker 1: and threatening punishment by imprisonment of those guilty of such conduct.
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  Speaker 1: Some thousands of Filipinos under this order were arrested and imprisoned.
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  Speaker 1: Thirty nine leaders, among them the high minded but irreconcilable Mavini,
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  Speaker 1: were in December nineteen hundred sent to a military prison
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  Speaker 1: on the island of Guam. Campaigning was much more vigorously
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  Speaker 1: prosecuted in all military districts. By this time all the
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  Speaker 1: American officers had become familiar with the insurgent leaders, and
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  Speaker 1: these were now obliged to leave the towns and establish
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  Speaker 1: quartels in remote barrios and in the mountains. These measures,
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  Speaker 1: pursued through the winter of nineteen hundred to one, broke
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  Speaker 1: the fighting strength of the revolutionists. The Philippine Civil Commission,
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  Speaker 1: probably the most influential factor in producing peace, resulted from
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  Speaker 1: the presence and labours of the Civil Philippine Commission. These gentlemen,
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  Speaker 1: Judge William H. Taft, Judge Luke E. Wright, Judge Henry c. Id,
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  Speaker 1: Professor Dean C. Worcester, and Professor Bernard Moses were appointed
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  Speaker 1: by the President in the spring of nineteen hundred to
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  Speaker 1: legislate for the islands and to prepare the way for
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  Speaker 1: the establishment of civil government. President mckimley's letter of instructions
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  Speaker 1: to this commission will probably be ranked as one of
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  Speaker 1: the ablest and most notable public papers in American history.
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  Speaker 1: The Commission reached the islands in June and began their
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  Speaker 1: legislative work on September one. This body of men, remarkable
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  Speaker 1: for their high character, was able at last to bring
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  Speaker 1: about an understanding with the Filipino leaders and to assure
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  Speaker 1: them of the unselfish and honorable purposes of the American government. Thus,
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  Speaker 1: by the early winter of nineteen hundred to one, many
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  Speaker 1: Filipino gentlemen became convinced that the best interests of the
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  Speaker 1: island lay in accepting American sovereignty and that they could
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  Speaker 1: honorably advocate the surrender of the insurgent forces. These men
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  Speaker 1: represented the highest attainments at most influential positions in the islands.
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  Speaker 1: In December, they formed an association known as the Federal
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  Speaker 1: Party for the purpose of inducing the surrender of military leaders,
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  Speaker 1: obedience to the American government, and the acceptance of peace
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  Speaker 1: end of the insurrection. Under these influences, the insurrection in
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  Speaker 1: the spring of nineteen o one went rapidly to pieces
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  Speaker 1: leader after leaders surrendered his forces and arms and took
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  Speaker 1: the oath of allegiance and quietly returned home. By the
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  Speaker 1: end of June, there were but two zone commanders who
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  Speaker 1: had not surrendered, General Malbar in Batangas and General Luke
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  Speaker 1: Ban in Samar. The first civil governor Peaceful Conditions and
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  Speaker 1: Security almost immediately followed these surrenders and determined the President
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  Speaker 1: to establish civil government at once. On July fourth, nineteen
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  Speaker 1: o one. This important step was taken judged taffed, the
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  Speaker 1: President of the Philippine Commission, taking office on that date
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  Speaker 1: as the first American civil governor of the Philippines. On
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  Speaker 1: September first, the Philippine Commission was increased by the appointment
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  Speaker 1: of three Filipino members, the Honorable T. H. Bardo de
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  Speaker 1: da Vera, m D. The Honorable Benito Legarda, and the
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  Speaker 1: Honorable Jose Luzuriaga of Negros. The Philippine Commission has achieved
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  Speaker 1: a remarkable amount of legislation of a very high order.
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  Speaker 1: From September nineteen hundred to the end of December nineteen
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  Speaker 1: o two, the Commission passed no less than five hundred
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  Speaker 1: seventy one acts of legislation. Some of these were of
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  Speaker 1: very great importance and involved long preparation and labor. Few
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  Speaker 1: administrative bodies have ever worked harder and with greater results
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  Speaker 1: than the Philippine Commission. During the first two years of
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  Speaker 1: its activity, the frame of government in all its branches
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  Speaker 1: had to be organized and set in motion. The civil
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  Speaker 1: and criminal law liberalized, revenue provided, and public instruction remodeled
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  Speaker 1: on a very extensive scale. The new government. The government
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  Speaker 1: is a very liberal one and one which gives an
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  Speaker 1: increasing opportunity for participation to the Filipinos. It includes what
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  Speaker 1: is called local self government. There are in the islands
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  Speaker 1: about one thousand, one hundred thirty two municipalities. In these
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  Speaker 1: the residents practically manage their own affairs. There are thirty
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  Speaker 1: eight organized provinces in the archipelago, in which the administration
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  Speaker 1: rests with the Provincial Board, composed of the governor, treasurer,
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  Speaker 1: and supervisor or engineer. The governor is elected for the
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  Speaker 1: term of two years by the councilors of all the
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  Speaker 1: towns united in assembly. The treasurer and supervisor are appointed
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  Speaker 1: by the Governor of the Philippine Archipelago under the rules
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  Speaker 1: of the Civil Service Board. The Civil service is a
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  Speaker 1: subject which has commanded the special consideration of the Commission.
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  Speaker 1: It gives equal opportunity to the Filipino and to the
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  Speaker 1: American to enter the public service and to gain public promotion,
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  Speaker 1: and the Filipino is by law even given the preference
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  Speaker 1: where possessed of the requisite ability the insular government for
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  Speaker 1: the purposes of administration. The insular or central government of
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  Speaker 1: the islands is divided into four branches called departments, each
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  Speaker 1: directed by a secretary who is also a member of
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  Speaker 1: the Philippine Commission. These departments are Interior Secretary Worcester, Finance
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  Speaker 1: and Justice, Secretary Eyde, Commerce and Police, Secretary Right and
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  Speaker 1: Public Instruction, Secretary Moses until January first, nineteen o three,
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  Speaker 1: and since that date Secretary Smith. Under each of these
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  Speaker 1: departments are a large number of bureaus by which the
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  Speaker 1: many important ecid ativities of the government are performed. We
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  Speaker 1: have only to examine a list of these bureaus to
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  Speaker 1: see how many cited is the work which the government
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  Speaker 1: is performing. It is a veritable commonwealth, complete in all
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  Speaker 1: the branches which demand the attention of modern governments. Thus,
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  Speaker 1: under the Department of the Interior there is the Bureau
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  Speaker 1: of Public Health, with its extremely important duties of combating
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  Speaker 1: epidemic diseases and improving public sanitation, with its public hospitals, sanitariums,
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  Speaker 1: and charities. The Bureau of Government Laboratories for making bacteriological
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  Speaker 1: and chemical investigations, a Bureau of Forestry, a Bureau of Mining,
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  Speaker 1: the Philippine Weather Bureau, a Bureau of Agriculture, a Bureau
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  Speaker 1: of Non Christian Tribes, for conducting the government work in ethnology,
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  Speaker 1: and for framing legislation for Pagan and Mohammedan Tribes, and
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  Speaker 1: a Bureau of Public Lands. Under the Department of Commerce
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  Speaker 1: and Police are the Bureau of Posts, Signal Service, the
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  Speaker 1: Philippines Constabulary, really an insular army, with its force of
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  Speaker 1: some sixty five hundred officers and men, prisons, the Coast
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  Speaker 1: Guarden Transportation Service, with a fleet of about twenty beautiful
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  Speaker 1: little steamers, nearly all of them newly built for this
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  Speaker 1: service and named for islands of the archipelago. The Coast
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  Speaker 1: and Geodetic Survey, doing the much needed work of charting
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  Speaker 1: the dangerous coasts and treacherous waters of the archipelago. And
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  Speaker 1: the Bureau of Engineering, which has in its charge great
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  Speaker 1: public works, many of which are already under way. Under
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  Speaker 1: the Department of Finance and Justice are the Insular Treasurer,
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  Speaker 1: the Insular Auditor, the Bureau of Customs and Immigration, the
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  Speaker 1: Bureau of Internal Revenue, the Insular Cold Storage and Ice Plant,
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  Speaker 1: and the Great Bureau of Justice. Under the Department of
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  Speaker 1: Public Instruction there is a Bureau of Education in charge
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  Speaker 1: of the system of public schools, a Bureau of Printing
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  Speaker 1: and Engraving with a new and fully equipped plant, a
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  Speaker 1: Bureau of Architecture, a Bureau of Archives, a Bureau of
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  Speaker 1: Statistics and the Philippine Museum revenues and expenditures. The maintenance
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  Speaker 1: of these numerous activities calls for an expenditure of large
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  Speaker 1: sums of money, but the insular government and the Filipino
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  Speaker 1: people are fortunate in having had their finances managed with
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  Speaker 1: exceptional ability. The revenues of the islands for the past
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  Speaker 1: fiscal year have amounted to about ten million, six hundred
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  Speaker 1: thirty eight thousand dollars gold. Public expenditures, including the purchase
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  Speaker 1: of equipment such as the Coast Guard fleet, and the
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  Speaker 1: forwarding of great public works such as the improving of
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  Speaker 1: the Harbor of Manila, amount during fiscal year of nineteen
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  Speaker 1: o three to about nine million, one hundred and fifty
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  Speaker 1: thousand dollars gold. The government has at all times preserved
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  Speaker 1: a good balance in its treasury, but the past year
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  Speaker 1: has seen some diminution in the amount of revenues, owing
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  Speaker 1: to the great depreciation of silver money, the falling off
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  Speaker 1: of imports, the wide prevalence of cholera and the poverty
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  Speaker 1: of many parts of the country as a result of war,
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  Speaker 1: and the loss of livestock through past To assist the
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  Speaker 1: Government of the Philippines the Congress of the United States,
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  Speaker 1: in February nineteen o three, with great and characteristic generosity,
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  Speaker 1: appropriated the sum of three million dollars gold as a
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  Speaker 1: free gift to the people and government of the Philippines
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  Speaker 1: the judicial system. Especially fortunate also have been the labours
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  Speaker 1: of the Commission in establishing a judicial system and revising
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  Speaker 1: the Spanish law. The legal ability of the Commission is
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  Speaker 1: unusually high. As at present constituted, the judicial system consists
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  Speaker 1: of a Supreme Court composed of seven justices, three of
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  Speaker 1: whom at the present time are Filipinos. Besides trying cases
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  Speaker 1: over which it has original jurisdiction, this court decides cases
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  Speaker 1: of appeal from the courts of first instance, fifteen in number,
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  Speaker 1: which sit in different parts of the islands. Each town, moreover,
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  Speaker 1: has its Justices of the Peace for the trial of
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  Speaker 1: small cases and for holding preliminary examinations in cases of crimes.
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  Speaker 1: By the new code of civil procedure, the administration of
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  Speaker 1: justice has been so simplified that there are probably no
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  Speaker 1: courts in the world where justice can be more quickly
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  Speaker 1: secured than here. System of public schools. Probably no feature
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  Speaker 1: of the American government in the Islands has attracted more
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  Speaker 1: attention than the system of public schools. Popular education, while
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  Speaker 1: by no means wholly neglected under the Spanish government, was
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  Speaker 1: inadequate and was continually opposed by the clerical and conservative
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  Speaker 1: Spanish forces, who feared that the liberalizing of the Filipino
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  Speaker 1: people would be the loosening of the control of both
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  Speaker 1: Spanish state and Church. On the contrary, the success of
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  Speaker 1: the American government, as of any government in which the
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  Speaker 1: people participate, depends upon the intelligence and education of the people. Thus,
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  Speaker 1: the American government is as anxious to destroy ignorance and
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  Speaker 1: poverty as a Spanish government and the Spanish Church were
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  Speaker 1: to zyrus of preserving these deeply unfortunate conditions. Americans believe
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  Speaker 1: that if knowledge is generally spread among the Filipino people,
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  Speaker 1: if there can be a real understanding of the genius
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  Speaker 1: and purpose of our American institutions, there will come increasing
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  Speaker 1: content and satisfaction to dwell under American law. Thus, education
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  Speaker 1: was early encouraged by the American Army, and it received
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  Speaker 1: the first attention of the Commission. The widespread system of
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  Speaker 1: public schools which now exists in these islands was organized
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  Speaker 1: by the first General Superintendent of Public instruction doctor Fred W.
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  Speaker 1: Atkinson and by Professor Bernard Moses of the Philippine Commission
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  Speaker 1: Instruction in the English Language. The basis of this public
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  Speaker 1: instruction is the English language. This was early decided upon
• 15:48
  Speaker 1: in view of the great number of Filipino dialects, the
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  Speaker 1: absence of a common native language or literature, and the
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  Speaker 1: very moderate acquaintance with Spanish by any except to the
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  Speaker 1: educated class. It is for the Filipino people that English
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  Speaker 1: has been introduced here, and that its knowledge is rapidly spreading.
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  Speaker 1: Knowledge of language is power, and the more widely spoken
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  Speaker 1: the tongue, the greater the possession of the individual who
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  Speaker 1: acquires it. Of all the languages of the world, English
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  Speaker 1: is today the most widely spoken and is most rapidly spreading. Moreover,
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  Speaker 1: English is pre eminently the language of the far East,
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  Speaker 1: from Yokohama to Australia, and from Manila to the Isthmus
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  Speaker 1: of Suez, English is the common medium of communication. It
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  Speaker 1: is the language alike of business and of diplomacy. The
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  Speaker 1: Filipino people, so eager to participate in all the busy
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  Speaker 1: life of Eastern Asia, so ambitious to make their influence felt,
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  Speaker 1: and their councils regarded will be deburred from all this
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  Speaker 1: unless they master this mighty English tongue the Filipino Assembly. Thus,
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  Speaker 1: after four and a half years of American occupation, the
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  Speaker 1: sovereignty of the United States has been established in the archipelago,
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  Speaker 1: and a form of government unique in the history of
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  Speaker 1: colonial administration inaugurated. One other step in the contemplation of Congress,
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  Speaker 1: which will still further make the government a government of
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  Speaker 1: the Filipino people, remains to be taken. This is the
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  Speaker 1: formation of a Filipino Assembly of delegates or representatives, chosen
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  Speaker 1: by popular vote from all the Christianized provinces of the archipelago.
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  Speaker 1: The recent Census of the Philippines will form the basis
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  Speaker 1: for the apportionment of this representation. This assembly will share
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  Speaker 1: the legislative power on all matters pertaining to the Christian
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  Speaker 1: people of the Philippines and those parts of the islands
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  Speaker 1: inhabited by them. When this step shall have been taken,
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  Speaker 1: the government of the Philippine Islands will be like the
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  Speaker 1: typical and peculiarly American form of government known as territorial.
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  Speaker 1: Territorial form of government in the United States, the American
• 17:51
  Speaker 1: Union is composed of a number of states or commonwealths, which,
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  Speaker 1: while differing vastly in wealth and population, are an absolutely
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  Speaker 1: equal footing in the su s Union. The inhabitants of
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  Speaker 1: these states form politically the American sovereignty. They elect the
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  Speaker 1: President and Congress, and through their state legislatures may change
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  Speaker 1: or amend the form of the American state itself. Besides
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  Speaker 1: these states, there have always been large possessions of the
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  Speaker 1: nation called territories. These territories are extensive countries too sparsely
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  Speaker 1: inhabited or too undeveloped politically to be admitted, in the
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  Speaker 1: judgment of the American Congress, to statehood in the Union.
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  Speaker 1: Their inhabitants do not have the right to vote for
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  Speaker 1: the president, neither have they representation in the American Congress.
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  Speaker 1: These territories are governed by Congress through territorial governments, and
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  Speaker 1: over them. Congress has full sovereign powers, that is, as
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  Speaker 1: the Supreme Court of the United States has decided and explained,
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  Speaker 1: while Congress, when legislating for the states in the Union,
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  Speaker 1: has only those powers of legislation which have been specifically
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  Speaker 1: granted by the Constitution. In legislating for the territories, it
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  Speaker 1: has all the powers which the Constitution has not specifically denied.
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  Speaker 1: The only limitations on Congress are those which, under the
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  Speaker 1: American system of public law, guarantee the liberty of the individual,
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  Speaker 1: his freedom of religious belief and worship, his right to just,
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  Speaker 1: open and speedy trial, his right to the possession of
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  Speaker 1: his property, and other precious privileges the result of centuries
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  Speaker 1: of development in the English speaking race, which make up
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  Speaker 1: civil liberty. These priceless securities, which no power of the
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  Speaker 1: government can take away, a bridge or infringe, are as
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  Speaker 1: much the possession of the inhabitants of a territory as
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  Speaker 1: of a state. The government of these territories has varied
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  Speaker 1: greatly in form and may be changed at any time
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  Speaker 1: by Congress, but it usually consists of a governor and
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  Speaker 1: Supreme Court appointed by the President of the United States,
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  Speaker 1: and a legislature elected by the people. Since seventeen eighty three,
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  Speaker 1: there has always been territories so held and governed by
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  Speaker 1: the United States, and if we may judge from the
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  Speaker 1: remarkable history of these regions, this form of government of
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  Speaker 1: dependent possessions is the most successful and most advantageous to
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  Speaker 1: the territory itself that has ever been devised. At the
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  Speaker 1: present time, the territories of the United States are Oklahoma,
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  Speaker 1: the Indian Territory, New Mexico, Arizona, Alaska, the Hawaiian Islands,
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  Speaker 1: Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam. The territorial form of
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  Speaker 1: government has frequently been regarded by American statesmen as a
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  Speaker 1: temporary condition to be followed at a comparatively early date
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  Speaker 1: by statehood. But after more than a century of development,
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  Speaker 1: territorial government, as shaped by Congress and as defined by
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  Speaker 1: the Supreme Court, shows itself so flexible and advantageous that
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  Speaker 1: there is no reason why it should not be regarded
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  Speaker 1: as a permanent and final form. Whether it will long
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  Speaker 1: prevail in the Philippines depends very largely upon the political
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  Speaker 1: development and ultimate desires of the Filipino people themselves. For
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  Speaker 1: the present, it is the only suitable form of government
• 21:01
  Speaker 1: and the only form which it is statesman like to
• 21:03
  Speaker 1: contemplate Filipino independence. The events of the last few years
• 21:10
  Speaker 1: seem to indicate that the American nation will not entrust
• 21:13
  Speaker 1: the Philippines with independence until they have immeasurably gained in
• 21:16
  Speaker 1: political experience and social self control. The question is too
• 21:21
  Speaker 1: great to be discussed here, but this much may be said.
• 21:24
  Speaker 1: The rapid march of international politics in this coming century
• 21:28
  Speaker 1: will not be favorable to the independence of the small
• 21:31
  Speaker 1: and imperfectly developed state. Independence, while it may fascinate the
• 21:35
  Speaker 1: popular leader, may not be the most advantageous for this people.
• 21:39
  Speaker 1: Independence under present tendencies of international trade means economic isolation.
• 21:45
  Speaker 1: Independence in the present age compels preparedness for war. Preparedness
• 21:50
  Speaker 1: for war necessitates the maintenance of strong armies, the building
• 21:54
  Speaker 1: of great navies, and the great economic burdens required to
• 21:56
  Speaker 1: sustain these armaments, especially with the speach true of an
• 22:00
  Speaker 1: archipelago so exposed to attack, so surrounded by ambitious powers,
• 22:05
  Speaker 1: and so near the center of coming struggle, as are
• 22:07
  Speaker 1: the Philippines. Japan, with a population of forty six million,
• 22:12
  Speaker 1: wonderful for their industry and economy, and passionately devoted to
• 22:15
  Speaker 1: their emperor, is independent, but at great cost. The burden
• 22:19
  Speaker 1: of her splendid army and her modern navy weighs heavily
• 22:22
  Speaker 1: upon her people, consumes a large proportion of their earnings,
• 22:26
  Speaker 1: and sometimes seems to be threatening to strain the resources
• 22:29
  Speaker 1: of the nation almost to the point of breaking advantages
• 22:34
  Speaker 1: of American control. Surely a people is economically far more
• 22:39
  Speaker 1: privileged if, like the Philippines under the American government or
• 22:43
  Speaker 1: Australia under the British, they are compelled to sustain no
• 22:46
  Speaker 1: portion of the burden of exterior defense. The navies of
• 22:50
  Speaker 1: the United States today protect the integrity of the Philippine Archipelago.
• 22:55
  Speaker 1: The power of a nation so strong and so terrible,
• 22:57
  Speaker 1: when once aroused, that no country on the globe would
• 23:00
  Speaker 1: think for a minute of wantonly molesting its territory, shields
• 23:04
  Speaker 1: the Filipino from all outside interference and permits him to
• 23:07
  Speaker 1: expend all his energy in the development of those abilities
• 23:11
  Speaker 1: to which his temperament and endowment inspire him. American government
• 23:15
  Speaker 1: means freedom of opportunity. There is no honorable pursuit, calling,
• 23:20
  Speaker 1: or walk of life under heaven in which the Filipino
• 23:22
  Speaker 1: may not now engage, and in which he will not
• 23:25
  Speaker 1: find his endeavors encouraged and his success met with generous appreciation.
• 23:30
  Speaker 1: In politics, his progress may be slow, because progress here
• 23:34
  Speaker 1: is not the development of the individual, nor of the few,
• 23:36
  Speaker 1: but of the whole. But in the no less noble
• 23:39
  Speaker 1: pursuits of science, literature, and art, we may in this
• 23:43
  Speaker 1: very generation see Filipinos achieving more than notable success and distinction,
• 23:48
  Speaker 1: not only for themselves but for their land. Patriotic duty.
• 23:54
  Speaker 1: Patriotic duty as regards the Philippines means for the American
• 23:57
  Speaker 1: a wholesome belief in the uprightness of the national purposes,
• 24:01
  Speaker 1: a loyal appreciation of the men who have here worked
• 24:04
  Speaker 1: wisely and without selfishness, and have borne the brunt of
• 24:07
  Speaker 1: the toil. A loyalty to the government of the Philippines
• 24:11
  Speaker 1: and of the United States, so long as these governments
• 24:13
  Speaker 1: live honestly, rule justly, and increase liberty. And a frank
• 24:18
  Speaker 1: and hearty recognition of every advance made by the Filipino
• 24:21
  Speaker 1: people themselves and for the Filipinos. Patriotic duty means a
• 24:25
  Speaker 1: full acceptance of government as it has now been established,
• 24:29
  Speaker 1: as better than what has preceded, and perhaps superior to
• 24:32
  Speaker 1: what he himself would have chosen and could have devised.
• 24:35
  Speaker 1: A loyalty to his own people and to their interests
• 24:38
  Speaker 1: and to the public interests that shall overcome the personal
• 24:41
  Speaker 1: selfishness that has set its cruel mark on every native
• 24:45
  Speaker 1: institution in this land. And a resolution to obey the laws,
• 24:49
  Speaker 1: preserve the peace, and use faithfully every opportunity for the
• 24:53
  Speaker 1: development of his own character and the betterment of the race.
• 24:59
  Speaker 1: End of record, end of Chapter thirteen, Part two recording
• 25:05
  Speaker 1: by Alma Molino