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009 - Skaldskaparmal 01-02 · Prose Edda

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  Speaker 1: Skulds Caparmo, sections one and two of the prose etta
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  Speaker 1: by Snorri Sturlisen, translated by Arthur Gilchrist Brodeur eighteen eighty
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  Speaker 1: eight to nineteen seventy one. This LibriVox recording is in
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  Speaker 1: the public domain. Recording by expatriate in Bangor, Maine, the
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  Speaker 1: Poesy of Skulls, Section one. A certain man was named
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  Speaker 1: Eager or Hlaire. He dwelt on the island which is
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  Speaker 1: now called Hlaire's Isle, and was deeply versed in black magic.
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  Speaker 1: He took his way to Asgard, but the Esir had
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  Speaker 1: fore knowledge of his journey. He was received with good cheer,
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  Speaker 1: and yet many things were done by deceit with eye illusions.
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  Speaker 1: And at evening, when it was time for drinking, Odin
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  Speaker 1: had swords brought into the hall so bright that light
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  Speaker 1: radiated from them, and other illumination was not used while
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  Speaker 1: they sat at drinking. Then the Esir came into their banquet,
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  Speaker 1: and in the high seats sat them down. Those twelve
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  Speaker 1: esir who were appointed to be judges. These were their names, Thornirder, Freer, Tyr, Haimendaler, Braggi, Vidar, Vali, Huler,
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  Speaker 1: He Neer, Forseti Loki, and in like manner the assignour
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  Speaker 1: frig Freya gefun edun girder Sigin Fula Nana. It seemed
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  Speaker 1: glorious to Eger to look about him in the hall.
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  Speaker 1: The wainscottings there were all hung with fair shields. There
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  Speaker 1: was also stinging mead copiously quaffed. The man seated next
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  Speaker 1: to Egir with Broggi, and they took part together in
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  Speaker 1: drinking and in converse. Broggie told Eger of many things
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  Speaker 1: which had come to pass among the Esir. He began
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  Speaker 1: the story at the point where three of the esir,
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  Speaker 1: Odin and Loki and he Neer departed from home and
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  Speaker 1: were wandering over mountains and wasists, and food was hard
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  Speaker 1: to find. But when they came down into a certain dale,
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  Speaker 1: they saw a herd of oxen, took one ox and
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  Speaker 1: set about cooking it. Now, when they thought that it
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  Speaker 1: must be cooked, they broke up the fire, and it
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  Speaker 1: was not cooked. After a while had passed, they having
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  Speaker 1: scattered the fire a second time, it was not cooked.
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  Speaker 1: They took counsel together, asking each other what it might mean.
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  Speaker 1: Then they heard a voice speaking in the oak up
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  Speaker 1: above them, declaring that he who sat there, confessed that
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  Speaker 1: he had caused the lack of virtue in the fire.
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  Speaker 1: They looked thither, and there sat an eagle, and it
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  Speaker 1: was no small one. Then the eagle said, if ye
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  Speaker 1: are willing to give me my fill of the ox,
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  Speaker 1: then it will cook in the fire. They assented to this.
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  Speaker 1: Then he let himself float down from the tree and
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  Speaker 1: alighted by the fire, and forthwith at the very first
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  Speaker 1: took unto himself the two hands of the ox and
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  Speaker 1: both shoulders. Then Loki was angered, snatched up a great pole,
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  Speaker 1: brandished it with all his strength, and drove it at
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  Speaker 1: the eagle's body. The eagle plunged violently at the blow
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  Speaker 1: and flew up, so that the pole was fast to
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  Speaker 1: the eagle's back and Loki's hands to the other end
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  Speaker 1: of the pole. The eagle flew at such a height
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  Speaker 1: that Loki's feet down below knocked against stones and rock
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  Speaker 1: heaps and trees, and he thought his arms would be
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  Speaker 1: torn from his shoulders. He cried aloud in treating the
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  Speaker 1: eagle urgently for peace. But the eagle declared that Loki
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  Speaker 1: should never be loosed unless he would give him his
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  Speaker 1: oath to induce Dun to come out of Asgard with
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  Speaker 1: her apples. Loki assented, and, being straightway loosed, went to
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  Speaker 1: his companions. Nor for that time are any more things
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  Speaker 1: reported concerning their journey until they had come home. But
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  Speaker 1: at the appointed time Loki lured Dun out of Asgard
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  Speaker 1: into a certain wood, saying that he had found such
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  Speaker 1: apples as would seem to her of great virtue, and
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  Speaker 1: prayed that she would have her apple with her and
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  Speaker 1: compare them with these. Then Tiazi the Giant came there
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  Speaker 1: in his eagle's plumage and took Dun and flew away
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  Speaker 1: with her off into Thrimheimer, to his abode. But the
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  Speaker 1: Esir became straitened at the disappearance of Dun, and speedily
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  Speaker 1: they became hoary and old. Then those esir took counsel together,
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  Speaker 1: and each asked the other what had last been known
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  Speaker 1: of Dun, And the last that had been seen was
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  Speaker 1: as she had gone out of Asgard with Loki. Thereupon
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  Speaker 1: Loki was seized and brought to the thing, and was
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  Speaker 1: threatened with death or tortures. When he had become well frightened,
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  Speaker 1: he declared that he would seek after Dun in Eyutenheim
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  Speaker 1: if Freya would lend him the hawk's plumage, which she possessed.
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  Speaker 1: And when he got the hawk's plumage, he flew north
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  Speaker 1: into Eutenheim and came on a certain day to the
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  Speaker 1: home of Tiazi, the giant. Tiazi had rode out to sea,
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  Speaker 1: but Dun was at home alone. Loki turned her into
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  Speaker 1: the shape of a nut and grasped her in his
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  Speaker 1: claws and flew his utmost Now, when Tiazi came home
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  Speaker 1: and missed Edoun, he took his eagle's plumage and flew
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  Speaker 1: after Loki, making a mighty rush of sound with his
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  Speaker 1: wings in his flight. But when the Esir saw how
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  Speaker 1: the hawk flew with the nut and where the eagle
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  Speaker 1: was flying, they went out below Asgard and bore burdens
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  Speaker 1: of plane shavings thither. As soon as the hawk flew
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  Speaker 1: into the citadel, he swooped down close by the castle wall.
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  Speaker 1: Then the eser struck fire to the plain shavings, but
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  Speaker 1: the eagle could not stop himself. When he missed the hawk,
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  Speaker 1: the feathers of the eagle caught fire, and straightway his
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  Speaker 1: flight ceased. Then the esir were near at hand and
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  Speaker 1: slew Tiazzi the giant within the gate of the Esir,
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  Speaker 1: and that slaying is exceeding famous. Now Scudi, the daughter
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  Speaker 1: of the giant Tiazi, took Helm and Bernie and all
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  Speaker 1: weapons of war, and proceeded to Asgard to avengere father.
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  Speaker 1: The Esir, however, offered her reconciliation at atonement. The first
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  Speaker 1: article was that she should choose for herself a husband
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  Speaker 1: from among the esir, and choose by the feet, only
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  Speaker 1: seeing no more of him. Then she saw the feet
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  Speaker 1: of one man passing fair and said, I choose this
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  Speaker 1: one in bolder little can be loathly. But that was
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  Speaker 1: Nearder of no'autune. She had this article also in her
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  Speaker 1: bond of reconciliation, that the Esir must do a thing
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  Speaker 1: she thought they would not be able to accomplish to
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  Speaker 1: make her laugh. Then Loki did this. He tied a
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  Speaker 1: cord to the beard of a goat, the other end
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  Speaker 1: being about his own genitals, and each gave way in turn,
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  Speaker 1: and each of the two screeched loudly. Then Loki let
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  Speaker 1: himself fall onto Scotty's knee, and she laughed. Thereupon reconciliation
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  Speaker 1: was made with her on the part of the Esir.
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  Speaker 1: It is so said that Odin did this by way
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  Speaker 1: of atonement to Scotty. He took Tiazzi's eyes and cast
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  Speaker 1: them up into the heavens, and made of them two stars.
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  Speaker 1: Then said Eager, it seems to me that Tiazi was
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  Speaker 1: a mighty man. Now of what family was he? Braggie answered.
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  Speaker 1: His father was called Uvaldi, And if I tell thee
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  Speaker 1: of him, thou wilt think these things wonders. He was
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  Speaker 1: very rich in gold. But when he died and his
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  Speaker 1: sons came to divide the inheritance, they determined upon this measure.
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  Speaker 1: For the gold which they divided, each should take as
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  Speaker 1: much as his mouth would hold in all the same
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  Speaker 1: number of mouthfuls. One of them was Tiazi, the second Edi,
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  Speaker 1: the third Ganger. And we have it as a metaphor
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  Speaker 1: among us now to call gold the mouth tail of
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  Speaker 1: these giants. But we conceal it in secret terms, or
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  Speaker 1: in poesy, in this way that we call it speech
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  Speaker 1: or word or talk of these giants. Then said Eager,
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  Speaker 1: I deem that well concealed in secret terms. And again
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  Speaker 1: said Eager, whence did this art which he called poesy,
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  Speaker 1: derive its beginnings. Braggie answered, these were the beginnings thereof.
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  Speaker 1: The gods had a dispute with the folk, which are
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  Speaker 1: called Vanir, and they appointed a peace meeting between them,
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  Speaker 1: and established peace in this way. They each went to
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  Speaker 1: a vat and spat their spittle therein. Then, at parting,
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  Speaker 1: the gods took that peace token and would not let
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  Speaker 1: it perish, but shape thereof a man. This man is
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  Speaker 1: called Kavassir, and he was so wise that none could
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  Speaker 1: question him concerning anything, but that he knew the solution.
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  Speaker 1: He went up and down the earth to give instruction
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  Speaker 1: to men. And when he came, upon invitation to the
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  Speaker 1: abode of certain dwarfs Fialar and Galar, they called him
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  Speaker 1: into privy converse with them, and killed him, letting his
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  Speaker 1: blood run into two vats and a kettle. The kettle
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  Speaker 1: is called Odrerir, and the vats sun and Boden. They
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  Speaker 1: blended honey with the blood, and the outcome was that
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  Speaker 1: meed by the virtue of which he who drinks becomes
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  Speaker 1: a skulld or scullar. The dwarfs reported to the eeser
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  Speaker 1: that Cavasier had choked on his own shrewdness, since there
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  Speaker 1: was none so wise there as to be able to
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  Speaker 1: question his wisdom. Then these dwarfs invited the giant, who
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  Speaker 1: was called Gilinger, to visit them, and his wife with him. Next,
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  Speaker 1: the dwarfs invited Gillinger to row upon the sea with them,
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  Speaker 1: But when they had gone out from the land, the
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  Speaker 1: dwarfs rowed into the breakers and capsized the boat. Gilinger
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  Speaker 1: was unable to swim, and he perished, but the dwarfs
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  Speaker 1: righted their boat and rowed to land. They reported this
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  Speaker 1: accident to his wife, but she took it grievously and
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  Speaker 1: wept aloud. Then Fyalar asked her whether it would ease
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  Speaker 1: her heart if she should look out upon the sea
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  Speaker 1: at the spot where he had perished, and she desired it.
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  Speaker 1: Then he spoke softly to Gallar, his brother, bidding him
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  Speaker 1: go up over the doorway when she should go out,
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  Speaker 1: and let a millstone fall on her head, saying that
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  Speaker 1: her weeping grew wearisome to him. And even so he did. Now,
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  Speaker 1: when the giant Sutunger, Gillinger's son, learned of this, he
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  Speaker 1: went over and took the dwarfs and carried them out
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  Speaker 1: to sea. And set them on a reef which was
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  Speaker 1: covered at high tide. They besought Sutunger to give them
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  Speaker 1: respite of their lives, and as the price of reconciliation,
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  Speaker 1: offered him the precious mead and satisfaction of his father's death,
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  Speaker 1: and that became a means of reconciliation between them. Sutunger
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  Speaker 1: carried the mead home and concealed it in the place
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  Speaker 1: called Nitbiorg, placing his daughter Gunlud there to watch over it.
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  Speaker 1: Because of this we call poesy Keavasir's blood or dwarf's
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  Speaker 1: drink or fill, or any kind of liquid of Odrerir,
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  Speaker 1: or of Bodin, or of sun or a ferryboat of dwarfs.
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  Speaker 1: Since this mead brought them life ransom from the reef
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  Speaker 1: or Sutunger's mead or liquor of Nitburg. Then Eagir said,
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  Speaker 1: these seemed to me dark sayings to call Poesy by
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  Speaker 1: these names. But how did ye e come at Suetunger's mead.
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  Speaker 1: Braggie answered that tale runs. Thus Odin departed from home
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  Speaker 1: and came to a certain place where nine thralls were
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  Speaker 1: mowing hay. He asked if they desired him to wet
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  Speaker 1: their sides, and they assented. Then he took a home
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  Speaker 1: from his belt and wetted the scythes. It seemed to
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  Speaker 1: them that the scides cut better by far, and they
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  Speaker 1: asked that the hone besold them. But he put such
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  Speaker 1: a value on it that whoso desired to buy must
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  Speaker 1: give a considerable price. None the less, all said that
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  Speaker 1: they would agree, and prayed him to sell it to them.
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  Speaker 1: He cast the hone up into the air, but since
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  Speaker 1: all wished to lay their hands on it, they became
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  Speaker 1: so intermingled with one another that each struck with his
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  Speaker 1: scythe against the other's neck. Odin saw a knight's lodging
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  Speaker 1: with the giant, who was called Bougie. Sutunger's brother. Bougie
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  Speaker 1: bewailed his husbandry, saying that his nine thralls had killed
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  Speaker 1: one another, and declared that he had no hope of workmen.
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  Speaker 1: Odin called himself Boulwker in Bougie's presence. He offered to
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  Speaker 1: undertake nine men's work for Bougie, and demanded for his
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  Speaker 1: wages one drink of Setunger's mead. Baugi declared that he
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  Speaker 1: had no control whatever over the mead, and said that
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  Speaker 1: Sutunger was determined to have it to himself, but promised
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  Speaker 1: to go with Bulwker and try if they might get
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  Speaker 1: the mead. During the summer, Bulwker accomplished nine men's work
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  Speaker 1: for Bougie, but when winter came he asked Bougi for
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  Speaker 1: his hire. Then they both set out for Tutunger's. Bougi
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  Speaker 1: told Setunger his brother, of his bargain with Bulwirker, but
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  Speaker 1: Sutunger flatly refused them a single drop of the mead,
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  Speaker 1: and Bulwarker made suggestion to Bougie that they try certain
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  Speaker 1: whiles if perchance they might find means to get at
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  Speaker 1: the mead, and Bougie agreed readily. Thereupon, Boulevker drew out
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  Speaker 1: the augur cald Rati, saying that Bougie must bore the
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  Speaker 1: rock if the auger cut he did so. At last,
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  Speaker 1: Bougi said that the rock was bored through, but Bulwker
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  Speaker 1: blew into the auger hole and the chips flew up
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  Speaker 1: at him. Then he discovered that Bougi would have deceived him,
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  Speaker 1: and he bade him bore through the rock. Bougi bored anew,
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  Speaker 1: and when Bulwarker blew a second time, then the chips
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  Speaker 1: were blown in by the blast. Then Bulwker turned himself
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  Speaker 1: into a serpent and crawled into the auger hole, but
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  Speaker 1: Bougi thrust at him from behind with the auger and
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  Speaker 1: missed him. Bulwarker proceeded to the place where gun Lud
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  Speaker 1: was and lay with her three knights, and then she
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  Speaker 1: gave him leave to drink three drafts of the mead.
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  Speaker 1: In the first draft he drank every drop out of Odrerir,
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  Speaker 1: and in the second he emptied Boden, and in the
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  Speaker 1: third sun and then he had all the mead. Then
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  Speaker 1: he turned himself into the shape of an eagle and
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  Speaker 1: flew as furiously as he could. But when Sutunger saw
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  Speaker 1: the eagle's flight, he too assumed the fashion of an
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  Speaker 1: eagle and flew after him. When the Esir saw Odin
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  Speaker 1: flying straightway, they set out their vats in the court,
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  Speaker 1: and when Odin came into asgard, he spat up the
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  Speaker 1: mead into the vats. Nevertheless, he came so near to
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  Speaker 1: being caught by Suetunger that he sent some meaed backwards,
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  Speaker 1: and no heed was taken of this whosoever would might
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  Speaker 1: have that, and we call that the poetaster's part. But
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  Speaker 1: Odin gave the meed of Sutunger to the Esir and
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  Speaker 1: to those men who possess the ability to compose. Therefore
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  Speaker 1: we call poesy Odin's booty and fine, and his drink
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  Speaker 1: and gift, and the drink of the Esir. Then said
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  Speaker 1: eger In, how many ways are the terms of skuldship
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  Speaker 1: variously phrased? Or how many are these essential elements of
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  Speaker 1: the Skaldic art? Then Braggi answered, the elements into which
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  Speaker 1: all poesy is divided are two. Eager asked what to
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  Speaker 1: Braggi said, metaphor and meter. What manner of metaphor is
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  Speaker 1: used for Skaldik writ Three are the types of skuldic metaphor,
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  Speaker 1: which thus first calling everything by its name. The second
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  Speaker 1: type is that which is called substitution. The third type
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  Speaker 1: of metaphor is that which is called periphrasis, And this
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  Speaker 1: type is employed in such manner. Suppose I take Odin
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  Speaker 1: or Thor or Tyr, or any of the eser or elves,
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  Speaker 1: and to any of them whom I mention, I add
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  Speaker 1: the name of a property of some other of the
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  Speaker 1: eser or I record certain works of his. Thereupon he
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  Speaker 1: becomes owner of the name, and not the one whose
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  Speaker 1: name was applied to him. Just as when we speak
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  Speaker 1: of Victory Tyr, or tier of the hanged, or tier
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  Speaker 1: of cargoes, that then becomes Odin's name, and we call
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  Speaker 1: these periphrastic names, so also with the title tier of
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  Speaker 1: the Wain. But now one thing must be said to
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  Speaker 1: young Skulds, to such as yearn to attain to the
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  Speaker 1: craft of poesy and to increase their store of figures
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  Speaker 1: with traditional metaphors, or to those who crave to acquire
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  Speaker 1: the faculty of discerning what is said in hidden phrase.
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  Speaker 1: Let such an one then interpret this book to his
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  Speaker 1: instruction and pleasure. Yet one is not so to forget
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  Speaker 1: or discredit these traditions as to remove from poesy those
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  Speaker 1: ancient metaphors with which it has pleased Chief Skulds to
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  Speaker 1: be content, nor on the other hand, ought Christian men
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  Speaker 1: to believe in heathen gods, nor in the truth of
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  Speaker 1: these tales. Otherwise than precisely as one may find here
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  Speaker 1: in the beginning of the book section two, now you
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  Speaker 1: may hear examples of the way in which chief Skulds
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  Speaker 1: have held it becoming to compose making use of these
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  Speaker 1: simple terms and paraphrases, as when r nor Earl's Scald
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  Speaker 1: says that Odin is called all Father. Now I'll tell
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  Speaker 1: men the virtue of the terrible yarl all Father's song
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  Speaker 1: serf streams late, my sorrows lightened. Here moreover he calls
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  Speaker 1: poesy the song surf of all Father. Havardr the halt
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  Speaker 1: sang Thus now is the flight of eagles over the field.
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  Speaker 1: The sailors of the sea horses hie them to the
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  Speaker 1: hanged God's gifts and feasting. Thus sang Viga glumer with
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  Speaker 1: the hang God's helmet. The hosts have ceased from going
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  Speaker 1: by the brink. Not pleasant the bravest held the venture.
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  Speaker 1: Thus sang refer off. The gracious one came to me
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  Speaker 1: at the holy cup of the raven God, the king
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  Speaker 1: of the stem plowed sea's gold from the skuld in
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  Speaker 1: death is sundered. Thus sang Ivinder Sculd despoiler, and Sigurdur.
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  Speaker 1: He who sated the ravens of Cargo God with the
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  Speaker 1: gore of the host of slain huddings of life was
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  Speaker 1: spoiled by the earth rulers at Uglo. Thus sang gloomer Gyrisen.
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  Speaker 1: They where the tear of triumph himself inspired the terror
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  Speaker 1: of ships. The gods of breezes that favor good men
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  Speaker 1: steered them. Thus sang Ivinder Gundul and Skugul gauta tyr
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  Speaker 1: sent to choose from kings who of Ingvi's kin should
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  Speaker 1: go with Odin and be in Valhalla. Thus sang ufer Ugusen.
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  Speaker 1: Swiftly the far famed riteth the foretelling God to the
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  Speaker 1: fire speeds, to the wide pyre of his offspring. Through
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  Speaker 1: my cheeks, praise songs are pouring. Thus sang Tuldopher of Vinn.
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  Speaker 1: The slain lay their sands, strewing spoil for the single
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  Speaker 1: eyed dweller in Prig's bosom. In such deeds we rejoiced.
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  Speaker 1: Wilfredder sang Thus the doughty ship possessor, with sharpened words
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  Speaker 1: and soothfast lures our land, the patient, barley locked wife
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  Speaker 1: of three d Here's an example of this metaphor that
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  Speaker 1: in Poesy the earth is called the wife of Odin.
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  Speaker 1: Here is told what Ivinder sang hermotor and Broggi spake
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  Speaker 1: proptatir go ye to greet the prince. For a king
• 19:13
  Speaker 1: who seemeth a champion cometh through the hole hither. Thus
• 19:18
  Speaker 1: sang Krmacher, the giver of lands, who bindeth the sail
• 19:22
  Speaker 1: to the top with gold lace, honors him who pours
• 19:25
  Speaker 1: God's verse mead Odin wrought charms on render. Thus sang
• 19:31
  Speaker 1: steintoor much have I to laud the ancient maid, though
• 19:36
  Speaker 1: little liquor of the valiant load of Gunloud's arm clasp.
• 19:41
  Speaker 1: Thus sang o fer ugusan. There I think the Vulkirs
• 19:45
  Speaker 1: follow and ravens victorious Odin to the blood of Holy
• 19:49
  Speaker 1: Bolder with old tales the whole was painted. Thus sang
• 19:55
  Speaker 1: eegiel scalagrimsen no victims for this to Vili's the high God,
• 20:01
  Speaker 1: I offer glad to behold him. Yet, had Memir's friend
• 20:05
  Speaker 1: on me bestowed amends of evil, which I account better,
• 20:10
  Speaker 1: he has given me the art he the Wolf's opposer,
• 20:13
  Speaker 1: accustomed to battle of blemish blameless. Here he is called
• 20:18
  Speaker 1: high God and friend of Memir, an adversary of the wolf.
• 20:22
  Speaker 1: Thus sang referr swift, God of slain, that wieldeth the
• 20:27
  Speaker 1: snowy billow's wave hawks the ships that drive the sea
• 20:31
  Speaker 1: road to thee, we owe the dwarf's drink. Thus, sang
• 20:35
  Speaker 1: e in our tinkling scale tis mind to pour the
• 20:38
  Speaker 1: liquor of the host God's mead cask freely before the
• 20:42
  Speaker 1: ship's swift speeder. For this I win no scorning. Thus
• 20:47
  Speaker 1: sang ulfra ugusan his steed, the lordly him dollar spurs
• 20:52
  Speaker 1: to the pyre God's builded for the fallen son of Odin,
• 20:56
  Speaker 1: the all wise raven ruler. This is said in Irik smile,
• 21:02
  Speaker 1: what dream is that quoth Odin? I thought to rise
• 21:05
  Speaker 1: ere daybreak to make Valhalla ready for troops of slain.
• 21:09
  Speaker 1: I roused the champions, bade them rise swiftly benches to
• 21:13
  Speaker 1: strew to wash beer flagons the Vulkirs to poor wine
• 21:17
  Speaker 1: as a prince were coming. Cormacher sang this, I pray
• 21:22
  Speaker 1: the precious ruler of ing these people or me to
• 21:25
  Speaker 1: hold his hand bow shaking propter bore with him gung
• 21:29
  Speaker 1: near Tuolfer sang this. The mighty one of Lidskalfs spoke
• 21:35
  Speaker 1: his mind unto them where the hosts of fearless Raka
• 21:39
  Speaker 1: were slaughtered. Thus sang Ivinder, the mead which forth from
• 21:45
  Speaker 1: Sutrs sunk dales the strong through spell swift flying Boar.
• 21:50
  Speaker 1: So sang Broggie tis seen on my shield's surface. How
• 21:55
  Speaker 1: the son of the father of peoples craved to try
• 21:57
  Speaker 1: his strength full swiftly against the rainbeat snake earth circling.
• 22:03
  Speaker 1: Thus sang Einar. Since less with Besla's offspring prevail most
• 22:08
  Speaker 1: lordly princes than thou. My task is singing thy praise
• 22:12
  Speaker 1: and songs of battle. Thus sang Torvaldar, blending Skuld. Now
• 22:18
  Speaker 1: have I much in the middle grasp of the son
• 22:20
  Speaker 1: of Boar, of Bori's heir, and of Skuld's Kaparma. Section
• 22:26
  Speaker 1: two recording by expatriate in Bangor, Maine,