Latest / Murder Files Unsealed / Pastor’s Wives Died Years Apart. Now Both Cases Are Under Investigation
Transcript
- 0:00Speaker 1: So I want you to imagine, just for a second,
- 0:02looking at a family photograph, Okay, like one you've seen
- 0:05a thousand times, right, you know the faces, the smiles,
- 0:08you know the exact way everyone is standing.
- 0:10Speaker 2: Yeah, you practically have it memorized exactly.
- 0:13Speaker 1: But today, for whatever reason, your eyes just kind of
- 0:16drift past those smiling faces and you look at the background.
- 0:20Oh wow, right, and suddenly you realize the background is
- 0:24completely different than what you've believed your entire life.
- 0:27Speaker 2: Everything shifts, The whole.
- 0:28Speaker 1: Context of everything in that frame just shatters. And today
- 0:32we are stepping into a story that does exactly that
- 0:35to an entire community's reality.
- 0:37Speaker 2: We really are. It's a heavy one.
- 0:39Speaker 1: It is. We are looking at the life of John
- 0:42Thomas Bridges. He's an eighty six year old retired minister
- 0:46currently living out his twilight years in a small town
- 0:48in Missouri.
- 0:49Speaker 2: Right, And on paper, you know, his life reads as
- 0:52this incredible testament to faith and well and tragic endurance.
- 0:56Speaker 1: Yeah, tragic is the word. I mean. The man has
- 0:58outlived four of his five.
- 1:00Speaker 2: Wives, which is just a staggering statistical anomaly on its own.
- 1:04Speaker 1: But and here's the hook for you modern investigators, just
- 1:07took a really hard look at the background of that
- 1:10seemingly quiet life. They definitely did, and they have officially
- 1:14reclassified two of those deaths as homicides. Two deaths that
- 1:19happened twenty one years apart in completely different states, and
- 1:22we're both originally ruled as tragic accidents.
- 1:25Speaker 2: It's just wild to even process.
- 1:27Speaker 1: Okay, let's unpack this because our mission for this deep
- 1:30dive isn't just to like walk you through a standard
- 1:33true crime timeline.
- 1:35Speaker 2: Right, We're going way deeper than that.
- 1:36Speaker 1: Exactly. We are dissecting the evolution of medical legal death
- 1:40investigations over half a century. We're looking at the crazy
- 1:44intricacies of cross jurisdictional cold.
- 1:46Speaker 2: Case work, and maybe most importantly, the unsettling psychology of
- 1:50what happens when a trusted spiritual authority falls under suspicion.
- 1:53Speaker 1: Because that spiritual angle changes everything.
- 1:56Speaker 2: It really does. I mean, we are dealing with a
- 1:58timeline that forces us to look at time itself not
- 2:01just as a variable, but like a mechanism.
- 2:05Speaker 1: What do you mean by mechanism.
- 2:06Speaker 2: Well, in most investigations, time is the ultimate adversary, right.
- 2:10It degrades biological material It totally erodes human memory.
- 2:14Speaker 1: Right, evidence just scatters.
- 2:15Speaker 2: Exactly, But looking at the source material for these concurrent investigations,
- 2:20time actually acts more like a centrifuge.
- 2:22Speaker 1: Oh, that's an interesting way to put it.
- 2:24Speaker 2: Yeah, because early on, like right after death, the truth
- 2:27is just mixed up in this cloudy, agitated liquid of
- 2:31community rumors, biases from the initial responders, just.
- 2:34Speaker 1: The sheer chaos of grief.
- 2:36Speaker 2: Right exactly. But if you let that centrifuge spin for
- 2:40fifty years, the heavy, dense, undeniable physical facts eventually settle
- 2:45right to the bottom.
- 2:46Speaker 1: Wow.
- 2:47Speaker 2: The passage of time actually allowed the science to catch
- 2:50up to the evidence. It gave modern forensics the exact
- 2:53precise tools they needed to see what was completely invisible
- 2:56to investigators decades ago.
- 2:58Speaker 1: That is, Yeah, that mechanical set operation of truth from
- 3:00initial bias, that is the exact lens we need to
- 3:03apply to the very beginning of this whole anomaly. I
- 3:06have to start at the beginning, right, because to understand
- 3:09the gravity of the warrants being served in the summer
- 3:11of twenty twenty six, we have to travel back over
- 3:14fifty years, back to nineteen seventy two.
- 3:17Speaker 2: Which was practically the dark ages for this kind of forensics.
- 3:21Speaker 1: It really was we have to immerse ourselves in a
- 3:23world where forensic protocols were just fundamentally unrecognizable by today's.
- 3:28Speaker 2: Standards, totally unrecognizable.
- 3:30Speaker 1: So's July five, nineteen seventy two. John Bridges reports finding
- 3:34his first wife, Joyce Bridges, though she went by Mabel
- 3:38unresponsive at their home.
- 3:39Speaker 2: This was on bent Oak Court in Louisville, Kentucky.
- 3:42Speaker 1: Yeah, exactly, ben Oak Court. And this is the detail
- 3:44that just completely stopped me in my tracks when I
- 3:47was reading the sources.
- 3:48Speaker 2: I know exactly what you're going to say.
- 3:49Speaker 1: There is no immediate nine to one one dispatch NOP.
- 3:52There is no fleet of EMTs rushing to the scene
- 3:55to establish a perimeter. Joyce is transported to Peewee Valley
- 3:58Hospital in the pass your seat of a personal vehicle.
- 4:01Speaker 2: Which is just mind blowing to think about today.
- 4:04Speaker 1: Wait, I really want to isolate this nineteen seventy two
- 4:06detail because it breaks my brain a little bit.
- 4:08Speaker 2: Yeah, let's get into it.
- 4:09Speaker 1: So what does this all mean? How does a person
- 4:11just put a deceased spouse in the passenger seat of
- 4:14a car, drive to a local hospital and the medical
- 4:17staff just accepts the narrative of an accident.
- 4:19Speaker 2: It's hard to fathom, I know.
- 4:21Speaker 1: Like without triggering an immediate, full scale crime scene lockdown.
- 4:25If I drove a deceased person to a hospital triage
- 4:28desk today, the doors would lock and homicide detectives would
- 4:33be swarming my vehicle before I could even open my mouth.
- 4:36Speaker 2: Oh one percent, you'd be in cuffs in five minutes.
- 4:38Speaker 1: Was there literally zero legal requirement for an in depth
- 4:42scene analysis back then?
- 4:43Speaker 2: Well, it's not that there were zero requirements, but they
- 4:45were highly subjective, and they depended heavily on the visual
- 4:50presentation of the body and honestly, the social standing of
- 4:53the person delivering it.
- 4:54Speaker 1: Wow, the social standing.
- 4:56Speaker 2: Yeah, we have to remember the modern acceptation of a
- 4:59high choreographed emergency response. It simply didn't exist in the
- 5:03same way.
- 5:04Speaker 1: Right, The nine to eleven system was barely.
- 5:05Speaker 2: A thing merely in nineteen seventy two. The infrastructure for
- 5:09medical legal death investigation leaned super heavily on a coroner system,
- 5:13and that system was often deeply decentralized.
- 5:16Speaker 1: So it varied from town to town.
- 5:18Speaker 2: Vastly, and it occasionally lacked, you know, rigorous medical oversight.
- 5:23In many counties back then, a coroner wasn't even required
- 5:26to be a forensic pathologist.
- 5:27Speaker 1: Wait, really, who were they then?
- 5:29Speaker 2: They were often just selected officials, sometimes funeral home directors
- 5:33or local physicians who had absolutely no specialized forensic training.
- 5:36That is terrifying, it is so private. Conveyance of a
- 5:40body to a clinic or hospital was surprisingly common, especially
- 5:44in cases that lacked the really explicit theatrical hallmarks of
- 5:49a crime.
- 5:49Speaker 1: Theatrical hallmarks you mean, like obvious blood everywhere.
- 5:53Speaker 2: Right, If there was no obvious gunshot wound, no defensive lacerations,
- 5:57no overt signs of a huge struggle, a local doctor
- 6:01could and frequently would, just sign off on an accidental
- 6:04or natural death.
- 6:05Speaker 1: Certificate just based on the husband's word.
- 6:07Speaker 2: Basically, yeah, the medical legal anchor bias was incredibly strong.
- 6:11The doctor is presented with this grieving husband, the super
- 6:14tragic narrative, and a body lacking obvious trauma.
- 6:18Speaker 1: So they just take the path of least resistance exactly.
- 6:21Speaker 2: The path of least resistance is to validate the narrative.
- 6:24Speaker 1: And that anchor bias essentially sanitizes the scene before an
- 6:29investigation can.
- 6:29Speaker 2: Even start, because the scene is already gone.
- 6:32Speaker 1: Right, The death is stamped accidental, and that house on
- 6:35Benot Court is literally never treated as a crime scene.
- 6:38Speaker 2: Never.
- 6:39Speaker 1: The only friction in the whole narrative is this unverified rumor.
- 6:42Speaker 2: From a neighbor ah, the bathtub rumor.
- 6:45Speaker 1: Yeah, a neighbor later recalled hearing that Joyce had quote
- 6:49mysteriously drowned in a bathtub. But obviously a neighborhood rumor
- 6:53doesn't generate a search warrant. No, of course, not so
- 6:56officially the record stays closed for forty three years. Just
- 7:00let that sink in until twenty fifteen. The sources note
- 7:04that Louisville Police received new information, and the exact nature
- 7:08of that information is actually still protected.
- 7:10Speaker 2: Which is standard for an active ongoing case.
- 7:13Speaker 1: Right, But it provided enough probable cause to secure a
- 7:16judge's order to exhume Joyce's body.
- 7:19Speaker 2: Which is a massive, massive deal.
- 7:21Speaker 1: I really want to drill down into the sheer physical
- 7:23reality of that, a twenty fifteen exhumation of a nineteen
- 7:27seventy two burial, because digging up a grave isn't just
- 7:31this legal hurdle. It's a massive scientific gamble, isn't it.
- 7:34Speaker 2: Oh, it is an enormous gamble. It's governed by this
- 7:37really complex science called tefonomy toughonomy, Yeah, the study of
- 7:41how organisms decay over time. Okay, right, When a judge
- 7:45signs an exhumation order after four decades, the forensic pathologists
- 7:49are fully aware they are in a race against the
- 7:52local soil chemistry because there might be nothing left to
- 7:54examine exactly. The preservation of remains from nineteen seventy two
- 7:58depends entirely on the burial micro environment.
- 8:01Speaker 1: What kind of factors go into that.
- 8:03Speaker 2: They're considering everything the acidity or alkalinity of the Kentucky soil,
- 8:07the fluctuating water table in that specific cemetery, the structural
- 8:11integrity of the casket seal.
- 8:13Speaker 1: Wow, so if the seal broke in the eighties, they're
- 8:15out of luck pretty much.
- 8:16Speaker 2: But they also look at the specific chemical composition of
- 8:19the embalming fluids that were used during the Nixon administration.
- 8:22Speaker 1: Does that really make a difference the era of the
- 8:25embalming fluid.
- 8:26Speaker 2: A huge difference. Embalming fluid from that era was super
- 8:29heavy and formaldehyde and sometimes they even used arsenic or
- 8:32other heavy stabilizer.
- 8:34Speaker 1: Oh wow.
- 8:34Speaker 2: Yeah, and that stuff essentially cross links the proteins and
- 8:37the tissue. It can preserve soft tissue for decades. It
- 8:40creates the state called atipacere adipocere right, also known as
- 8:44grave wax, and that wax can actually lock in physical trauma.
- 8:50Speaker 1: So the embalming process, which is ironically just designed for
- 8:53like a cosmetic funeral presentation.
- 8:55Speaker 2: Just to make them look peaceful for the family, right,
- 8:57that process inadvertently freezes the forensic evidence in a time
- 9:01capsule exactly. It's incredible, And even if the soft tissue
- 9:04has completely mineralized or decayed away, modern osteological analysis can
- 9:10read the skeletal structure in ways that a nineteen seventy
- 9:12two coroner couldn't even conceptualize.
- 9:15Speaker 1: Osteological meaning the bones.
- 9:17Speaker 2: Yes, now, we hear a lot in the media about
- 9:19blunt force trauma to the skull, but in cases involving
- 9:22suspected foul play in a domestic setting, especially with rumors
- 9:25of drowning or suffocation, the focus almost always narrows down
- 9:29to the intricate structures of the neck, specifically the hyoid bone.
- 9:34Speaker 1: The high ode bone. I feel like anyone who consumes
- 9:37true crime content has heard that term. But what is
- 9:39it exactly?
- 9:40Speaker 2: It is the absolute focal point in these historical exhumations.
- 9:45It's this small U shaped bone situated right at the
- 9:48root of the tongue in the front of the neck.
- 9:50Speaker 1: Okay.
- 9:50Speaker 2: And what makes the biomechanically unique is that it is
- 9:53the only bone in the human body that does not
- 9:56articulate with or connect directly to any other bone.
- 9:59Speaker 1: Wait, it just flows pretty much.
- 10:01Speaker 2: It is suspended entirely by ligaments and muscles.
- 10:03Speaker 1: Oh wow, I didn't know that.
- 10:04Speaker 2: Yeah. And because of its shielded position under the jawline
- 10:07and its free floating nature, it is incredibly difficult to
- 10:11fracture through a standard accidental impact.
- 10:14Speaker 1: So if you just fell, it wouldn't break.
- 10:16Speaker 2: Right. A person slipping and hitting their neck on the
- 10:18edge of a bathtub is highly highly unlikely to generate
- 10:21the specific localized lateral pressure required to snap the cornw
- 10:25the corner the horns of the hyldebone the little end points, so.
- 10:29Speaker 1: A fracture there acts as a glaring biomechanical.
- 10:31Speaker 2: Red flag, absolutely glaring.
- 10:33Speaker 1: It points away from a broad diffuse impact like a fall,
- 10:37and it points directly toward localized sustained compression. Human hands right,
- 10:43human hands and it's not just the gross macrofractures they
- 10:46are looking for in twenty fifteen.
- 10:47Speaker 2: Is it, Oh, not at all. Modern science is utilizing
- 10:50microCT scans that can detect you know, fully heeled microfractures,
- 10:55or they can analyze the exact angle of the bone
- 10:57shear to determine the vector of the force that was apart.
- 11:00Speaker 1: That is just science fiction level compared to nineteen seventy.
- 11:03Speaker 2: Two, it really is. And beyond the osteology, the toxicology
- 11:06advancements are just staggering.
- 11:08Speaker 1: Because in seventy two they couldn't test for much, very little.
- 11:11Speaker 2: In nineteen seventy two, toxicology required large tissue samples, and
- 11:15it was largely limited to identifying super high concentrations of
- 11:18common poisons or just significant blood alcohol levels.
- 11:21Speaker 1: So if it wasn't arsenic or alcohol, they'd miss it basically.
- 11:24Speaker 2: But by twenty fifteen, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry can identify
- 11:29the specific metabolites of thousands of compounds, So.
- 11:33Speaker 1: Even if the formaldehyde masks certain organic compounds, modern mass
- 11:38spectrometry can just vaporize tiny samples of bone marrow or remaining.
- 11:43Speaker 2: Hair yes and detect heavy metals. Synthetic toxins pharmaceuticals literally
- 11:48down to parts per trillion.
- 11:50Speaker 1: Parts per trillion. That's insane.
- 11:53Speaker 2: The technological leap is profound. Now we do not know
- 11:56the precise mechanism of death that the Louisville Medical Examiner
- 11:59does discovered upon examining Joyce Bridge's remains.
- 12:02Speaker 1: Right because law enforcement is keeping those specific autopsy finding sealed.
- 12:06Speaker 2: Exactly to protect the integrity of the ongoing investigation. But
- 12:09think about this. The evidentiary threshold required to officially amend
- 12:13a death certificate from accidental to homicide forty three years
- 12:17after the fact.
- 12:18Speaker 1: It has to be astronomically high.
- 12:19Speaker 2: Astronomically high. The scientific findings had to be definitive, incontrovertible,
- 12:24and just entirely irreconcilable with the original nineteen seventy two narrative.
- 12:29Speaker 1: That realization by the Kentucky forensics team that an obvious
- 12:33crime could be masked for decades by just the presumption
- 12:36of an accident and the limitations of aerospecific science. That
- 12:39is the exact lens we need to apply to the
- 12:41next point on the timeline.
- 12:42Speaker 2: Because that twenty fifteen exhumation forces a retroactive audit of
- 12:46John Bridge's entire life.
- 12:48Speaker 1: Exactly, which brings us to an event almost exactly twenty
- 12:51one years after.
- 12:52Speaker 2: Joyce's death, to the day, almost.
- 12:55Speaker 1: Right July twenty, nineteen ninety three. Bridges is now living
- 12:58thousands of miles away.
- 12:59Speaker 2: In Fresham, Organ completely different environment, and.
- 13:02Speaker 1: He places a call to authorities reporting his second wife,
- 13:05forty five year old Astrid Bridges, unresponsive outside their home
- 13:09on Southwest Overlook Court.
- 13:10Speaker 2: It's like lightning striking the same person twice, almost to
- 13:14the exact day of the year, but decades and thousands
- 13:17of miles apart.
- 13:18Speaker 1: That's the perfect analogy, and yet the medico legal response
- 13:22in nineteen ninety three Oregon looks vastly different than nineteen
- 13:25seventy two.
- 13:25Speaker 2: Kentucky, oh completely different. By the early nineties, the nine
- 13:28to eleven infrastructure is robust. Police officers and medical personnel
- 13:32respond directly to the.
- 13:33Speaker 1: Scene, so no personal vehicles to the hospital this time.
- 13:36Speaker 2: Right. Detectives canvass the neighborhood, They interview family members, they
- 13:41physically document the environment. They are operating within a much,
- 13:45much more modern paradigm of scene preservation.
- 13:48Speaker 1: But despite that modernized response, the outcome is identical.
- 13:53Speaker 2: Which is the crazy part.
- 13:54Speaker 1: The neighbors tell the canvassing officers that they assumed Astid
- 13:57might have fallen while cleaning the gutters or maybe slipped.
- 14:00Speaker 2: From a ladder because she was found outside right.
- 14:03Speaker 1: So the medical examiner reviews the scene, reviews the injuries,
- 14:06and the official ruling comes down as an accidental death
- 14:10again again. And it isn't until decades later, prompted by
- 14:14the shifting landscape of Bridges passed and those massive revelations
- 14:17from Kentucky, that the Oregon State Medical Examiner's office pulls
- 14:21the dusty nineteen ninety three file.
- 14:23Speaker 2: They finally reevaluate it.
- 14:25Speaker 1: They reevaluate Astrid's injuries using modern friends pathology techniques, and
- 14:29the designation flips, just like Joyce. Just like Joyce, Astrid's
- 14:33death is reclassified as a homicide, which culminates in the
- 14:36Greshia police publicly naming Bridges as a suspect in July
- 14:39of twenty twenty six.
- 14:41Speaker 2: What's fascinating here is how a fully staffed nineteen nineties
- 14:44police response still managed to miss a homicide.
- 14:47Speaker 1: Yeah, how does that happen? Because they had detectives, they
- 14:50had a medical examiner on scene.
- 14:52Speaker 2: It comes back to the immense power of that cognitive
- 14:54anchor bias we discussed earlier, but operating on a slightly
- 14:58more sophisticated level.
- 15:00Speaker 1: So it's not just a lazy doctor signing a paper
- 15:02this time.
- 15:03Speaker 2: No. In nineteen ninety three, the detectives and the medical
- 15:05examiner were not looking at a blank slate. They were
- 15:08looking at a scene preframed by the husband's narrative and
- 15:12the neighbor's assumptions about a ladder.
- 15:14Speaker 1: Oh so the ladder room or poisoned the well.
- 15:16Speaker 2: Exactly when the working theory of a scene is established
- 15:19as a tragic accident, within the very first hour, the
- 15:22entire investigative apparatus inadvertently works to confirm that theory. The
- 15:27confirmation bias acts like a literal filter on the physical evidence.
- 15:30Speaker 1: Wow, it's like a GPS unit recalculating a route based
- 15:34on bad coordinates.
- 15:35Speaker 2: That's a great way to look at it.
- 15:36Speaker 1: It just forces all the new data onto the wrong road.
- 15:40If the EMPs arrive and the story is she fell,
- 15:43the emergency room position, the medical examiner, they all look
- 15:47for injuries consistent with the fall.
- 15:49Speaker 2: Right, they might look at defensive wounds on the forearms,
- 15:51like bruising that might indicate fending off an.
- 15:53Speaker 1: Attack, and they just inadvertently misclassify them.
- 15:56Speaker 2: Yeah, they might view them as scrape marks from catching
- 15:59the rungs of a ladder during a descent.
- 16:01Speaker 1: That is so deeply unsettling. But how do you prove
- 16:04that bias was wrong thirty years later, Well.
- 16:06Speaker 2: The biomechanics of trauma interpretation have advanced exponentially to counter
- 16:11exactly this kind.
- 16:12Speaker 1: Of bias biomechanics.
- 16:13Speaker 2: Yes, in nineteen ninety three, a medical examiner observing a
- 16:16skull fracture alongside a ladder might just conclude, Okay, the
- 16:20kinetic energy transfer is consistent with the height of the fall.
- 16:23Speaker 1: Makes sense on paper.
- 16:24Speaker 2: But modern biomechanical analysis, utilizing three D photogrammetry to recreate
- 16:29that nineteen ninety three scene from archival photos, approaches the
- 16:33injuries as mathematical equations.
- 16:35Speaker 1: Ah, so they literally rebuild the scene digitally exactly.
- 16:39Speaker 2: And the skull is essentially a sphere right when it
- 16:42impacts a flat, unyielding surface like a concrete driveway, The
- 16:46resulting fracture patterns follow distinct physics, like.
- 16:49Speaker 1: The coup and contracoup injuries.
- 16:51Speaker 2: Yes, the coup and contracute brain injuries where the brain
- 16:55impacts the skull at the site of impact and then
- 16:58rebounds to strike the opposite side. It's pure physics, and.
- 17:01Speaker 1: If those physics don't align with the environment, the narrative
- 17:05just collapses.
- 17:05Speaker 2: It completely falls apart. If the modern medical examiner looks
- 17:09at those nineteen ninety three autopsy photos and identifies, say
- 17:13a depressed skull fracture with a very specific geometric.
- 17:16Speaker 1: Shape like the shape of a weapon, or.
- 17:18Speaker 2: A localized contusion that requires a velocity of impact impossible
- 17:22to generate from a simple six foot ladder fall, the
- 17:25math simply refuses to support the excident theory.
- 17:28Speaker 1: Because gravity only pulls so fast right.
- 17:30Speaker 2: The injuries require a specific, localized application of blunt force
- 17:34trauma that the environment simply cannot account for.
- 17:37Speaker 1: And that is exactly the kind of forensic anomaly that
- 17:39shatters the anchor bias.
- 17:41Speaker 2: It shatters it completely.
- 17:42Speaker 1: When the Oregon medical examiners remove that nineteen ninety three
- 17:46narrative filter and just analyze the raw biomechanical data, the
- 17:50constellation of injuries undoubtedly pointed toward intentional violence.
- 17:54Speaker 2: But establishing that two spouses died via homicide decades apart
- 17:59that Onlynswer's the mechanical question of how right, it violently
- 18:03introduces the sociological question of why.
- 18:05Speaker 1: Yeah, because we have to talk about how he got
- 18:07away with this? Specifically, how does a single individual operate
- 18:12within multiple communities experiencing the sudden traumatic deaths of two
- 18:16spouses without generating a massive, localized field of suspicion.
- 18:21Speaker 2: Any normal person would be under intense scrutiny.
- 18:24Speaker 1: Exactly. That is the most glaring dissonance in the source material.
- 18:27For me, if an average citizen has two spouses die
- 18:30under ambiguous circumstances, the social scrutiny is immediate and relentless.
- 18:35Speaker 2: The life insurance policies are audited, the neighbors whisper law
- 18:38enforcement inherently rows them with extreme prejudice.
- 18:41Speaker 1: But John Bridges navigated these tragedies without early detection, and
- 18:44that points directly to the insulating armor of his profession.
- 18:47Speaker 2: Yes, the profession is key.
- 18:49Speaker 1: Here's where it gets really interesting. Does a title like
- 18:52pastor create a societal halo effect that actively blinds investigators, neighbors,
- 18:59and even sure leadership?
- 19:00Speaker 2: It does, and the occupational shield he carried is arguably
- 19:04the most critical component. Of his entire timeline. Bridges was
- 19:08not just a participant in a church. He was a
- 19:11foundational pillar of its hierarchical structure.
- 19:14Speaker 1: He was a Seventh Day Adventist minister right.
- 19:16Speaker 2: And his curriculum vitae within the denomination is extensive. He
- 19:20operated as a teacher, an ordained pastor, a traveling evangelist,
- 19:24and a departmental director.
- 19:25Speaker 1: He wasn't just stuck in one parish.
- 19:27Speaker 2: No, this wasn't a static position in a single town.
- 19:30His career was defined by immense geographic.
- 19:32Speaker 1: Mobility, moving all over the country.
- 19:34Speaker 2: Exactly Tennessee in the late sixties, Kentucky in the early seventies,
- 19:39up through New England, down to Arkansas as a senior
- 19:42pastor in nineteen eighty six, over to Oregon, and even
- 19:45recorded preaching in California as recently as twenty twenty five.
- 19:48Speaker 1: See that mobility's fascinating because it constantly resets his social baseline.
- 19:52That's a great point. Every time he moves to a
- 19:54new congregation, he arrives with the fully formed authority of
- 19:58the pulpit, but none of them the historical baggage of
- 20:01the previous town.
- 20:02Speaker 2: He's a blank slate to them. But clothed in authority,
- 20:05and the.
- 20:05Speaker 1: Optics he presented to these congregations they were flawlessly engineered
- 20:09to align with the core tenets of Adventism.
- 20:12Speaker 2: Very heavily engineered.
- 20:14Speaker 1: The source material references church publications from the mid eighties
- 20:17that paint this idyllic, almost Rockwellian picture of the Bridges family.
- 20:22Speaker 2: They look perfect on paper.
- 20:24Speaker 1: Astrid was a registered nurse. They had three kids, Lenny, Julie,
- 20:28and Monty, and they are depicted skiing, camping, gardening, performing music.
- 20:33Speaker 2: Together right, which projects the absolute pinnacle of Adventist valures.
- 20:37The denomination places a massive emphasis on community health, familial integrity,
- 20:42and moral purity.
- 20:43Speaker 1: So if you're the pastor projecting that you're untouchable.
- 20:46Speaker 2: You really are. We have to analyze the psychology of insular,
- 20:50high trust religious communities to understand why those optics are
- 20:54so impenetrable.
- 20:56Speaker 1: What's the psychology behind that?
- 20:57Speaker 2: Well, the Seventh Day Adventist Church, like many close knit denominations,
- 21:02operates on a profound foundation of affinity bias.
- 21:05Speaker 1: Affinity bias, Yeah.
- 21:07Speaker 2: When someone shares your deepest theological beliefs, when they observe
- 21:10the same Sabbath, adhere to the same dietary health guidelines
- 21:14and lead your community in prayer. Your brain categorizes them
- 21:18as the ultimate in group member.
- 21:21Speaker 1: You inherently trust them unconditionally.
- 21:23Speaker 2: So the cognitive dissonance required to look at your spiritual
- 21:26shepherd and see a violent predator is psychologically agonizing.
- 21:30Speaker 1: It essentially forces the brain to bypass its own threat
- 21:33detection center, doesn't it exactly.
- 21:36Speaker 2: The amygdala might register something slightly like a harsh tone,
- 21:39a controlling behavior, maybe a strange narrative about a ladder.
- 21:43Speaker 1: But the conscious brain just shuts it down.
- 21:45Speaker 2: The prefrontal cortex immediately suppresses the alarm because questioning the
- 21:49pastor means questioning the entire spiritual scaffolding of the community.
- 21:53Speaker 1: It's a survival mechanism for the collective worldview.
- 21:56Speaker 2: Yes, it operates on the exact same psychological tread as
- 22:00affinity fraud in financial crimes, you know, where a con
- 22:04artist uses the shared identity of a church or ethnic
- 22:06group to bypass normal due diligence.
- 22:09Speaker 1: To hear the stakes are lethal lethal.
- 22:12Speaker 2: When tragedy strikes the pastor's home, the community's immediate defense
- 22:16mechanism is to rationalize the event to protect the halo.
- 22:20Speaker 1: They say things like God is testing pastor.
- 22:23Speaker 2: Bridges or Satan is attacking the leadership. The communal grief
- 22:27morphs into a protective barrier against external scrutiny, and.
- 22:31Speaker 1: I imagine law enforcement is not immune to this halo
- 22:33effect either.
- 22:34Speaker 2: Oh not at all. A detective interviewing a grieving respected
- 22:38pastor in nineteen ninety three is far less likely to
- 22:41utilize aggressive interrogation tactics or challenge minor inconsistencies in the
- 22:45timeline than they would with, say, a known criminal element.
- 22:49Speaker 1: The uniform of the cloth provides a presumption of innocence
- 22:52that borders on complete immunity.
- 22:54Speaker 2: It really does. But the source material also highlights a
- 22:57profound shift in how the Adventist community is handling this
- 23:00revelation in the present day.
- 23:01Speaker 1: Oh right, because they aren't hiding it now.
- 23:04Speaker 2: No, the denomination's media outlets are actively reporting on the
- 23:08cold case investigations. They are not circling the wagons or
- 23:11attempting to bury the warrants. They are documenting the dissonance
- 23:15in real time.
- 23:16Speaker 1: I found that so surprising, but also really commendable. That
- 23:21transparency is a crucial evolution in institutional accountability.
- 23:25Speaker 2: It is Historically, institutions facing the catastrophic moral failure of
- 23:30a leader often resort to institutional self preservation, right, minimizing
- 23:35the damage through silence.
- 23:36Speaker 1: We've seen it one hundred times exactly.
- 23:38Speaker 2: So the fact that the Adventist publications are confronting the
- 23:41warrants head on indicates that the denomination's core values of
- 23:45integrity are currently overwriting the instinct to protect the individual's legacy.
- 23:49Speaker 1: They are maintaining the legal presumption of innocence, obviously because
- 23:52he hasn't been.
- 23:52Speaker 2: Charged, right, But they are refusing to let the halo
- 23:55effect obscure the reality of the forensic warrants.
- 23:58Speaker 1: But you know, the shaft uttering of that halo effect
- 24:01is a public spectacle for the church, but it is
- 24:03an intensely private psychological nightmare inside the home.
- 24:07Speaker 2: It's unimaginable.
- 24:09Speaker 1: This brings us directly to the most visceral, immediate perspective
- 24:12in the entire Deep Dive, and that is the experience
- 24:15of Bridge's fifth and current wife, sixty five year old
- 24:18Janie sue.
- 24:19Speaker 2: G wrote her inclusion in the source material is just
- 24:22it's a real time case study in how a person
- 24:25dismantles decades of cognitive dissonance in a single afternoon.
- 24:30Speaker 1: I mean, imagine living in a house for five years,
- 24:32feeling completely safe, only to have detectives knock on your
- 24:35door and tell you the foundation is built.
- 24:36Speaker 2: On quicksand the psychological whiplash she experiences is almost incomprehensible.
- 24:42Speaker 1: We really have to put ourselves in her exact position
- 24:45to understand the gravity of her reaction.
- 24:48Speaker 2: Let's do it.
- 24:48Speaker 1: You are sixty five years old. You enter into a
- 24:51marriage with the retired minister, osensibly seeking a quiet, stable
- 24:55companionship for your later.
- 24:57Speaker 2: Years, just a peaceful retirement.
- 24:59Speaker 1: Right. You live with this man for five years in
- 25:01a quiet Missouri town. Your baseline reality is absolute security.
- 25:06Then Gresham organ detectives knock on your door out of nowhere,
- 25:10out of nowhere. They sit at your dining room table,
- 25:13and they inform you that the man you share bed
- 25:16with is the primary suspect in the murder of his
- 25:18second wife, and that his first wife's death has also
- 25:22been reclassified as a homicide.
- 25:24Speaker 2: The foundation of your life doesn't just crack, it vaporizes, and.
- 25:28Speaker 1: Her response to that vaporization is a masterclass in psychological pragmatism.
- 25:33Under acute trauma.
- 25:35Speaker 2: It really is based on the quotes provided in the sources.
- 25:38She does not spiral into hysterical denial.
- 25:40Speaker 1: Nor does she paralyze with fear. She immediately demands that
- 25:44Bridges leave the home.
- 25:45Speaker 2: Her specific phrasing is incredibly revealing. Do you have the quote?
- 25:49Speaker 1: Yes? I do, She said quote, I am not afraid
- 25:52of him, and I don't think he would come back
- 25:53to hurt me. But I don't want to sleep with
- 25:55a man who is under suspicion of murder. I don't
- 25:58want to be stupid.
- 25:59Speaker 2: I don't want to be stupid. That is such a
- 26:01profoundly raw and honest articulation of self preservation.
- 26:05Speaker 1: It's incredibly powerful. Yeah, she is actively separating the man
- 26:09she thought she married from the threat profile presented by
- 26:12the detectives.
- 26:13Speaker 2: She is overwriting her own emotional investment with pure logic.
- 26:16Speaker 1: But the quote that truly caught my attention, the one
- 26:19that gave me chills, is when she mentions realizing that
- 26:22quote the truth doesn't come easy for John.
- 26:25Speaker 2: Yeah, that part, and she expresses.
- 26:27Speaker 1: This deep regret over ignoring what she specifically calls her
- 26:31spiritual intuition regarding early red flags in the relationship.
- 26:35Speaker 2: The concept of spiritual intuition in this context, we really
- 26:39need to unpack that psychologically.
- 26:40Speaker 1: Please do, because it's such a fascinating term.
- 26:43Speaker 2: In clinical terms, we often refer to this as subconscious
- 26:46pattern recognition. The human brain is constantly processing thousands of
- 26:51microdata points in.
- 26:52Speaker 1: Our environment, like body language and tone exactly.
- 26:55Speaker 2: Micro expressions on a spouse's face, slight hesitations in a story,
- 27:00the subtle ways someone deflex accountability or baseline deviations in
- 27:04their emotional responses to stress.
- 27:06Speaker 1: Little things you don't even realize you're noticing.
- 27:08Speaker 2: Yes, And when those data points don't align with the
- 27:11person's presented persona, the subconscious mind sends up a flare.
- 27:16We experience it as a gut feeling, a sense of unease,
- 27:19or in growths vocabulary, as spiritual intuition.
- 27:22Speaker 1: But because of the immense social and emotional cost of
- 27:26acknowledging that intuition, we just actively suppress it.
- 27:29Speaker 2: We push it down. Because if Groat acknowledges the red
- 27:32flags early on, like maybe inconsistencies in how he described
- 27:36the deaths of his previous wives, it requires her to
- 27:39blow up her own life, her marriage, and her security.
- 27:42Speaker 1: So we convince ourselves we are being overly critical or
- 27:46paranoid or uncharitable.
- 27:48Speaker 2: We weaponize our own empathy against our survival instincts just
- 27:51to maintain the peace.
- 27:53Speaker 1: Wow, we weaponize our own empathy. That is brilliantly stated.
- 27:57Speaker 2: It's what happens. We rationalize the micro deviations to put
- 28:00the macro narrative of the relationship.
- 28:01Speaker 1: So Grot's realization is that terrifying moment when the subconscious
- 28:05alarm bells are suddenly validated by an external, undeniable authority.
- 28:09Speaker 2: By detective sitting in her dining room.
- 28:11Speaker 1: She realizes the fragmented, incomplete stories about his past weren't
- 28:15just the eccentricities of an old man. They were active camouflage.
- 28:19Speaker 2: And that realization forces us and the investigators to look
- 28:22at the entirety of his marital timeline. Because remember, Grot
- 28:25was wife number.
- 28:26Speaker 1: Five, right, which means there are two others we haven't
- 28:29talked about yet.
- 28:30Speaker 2: We have established the anomalies with wives one and two,
- 28:33but a pattern investigation demands rigorous scrutiny of the entire set, which.
- 28:37Speaker 1: Brings us to the necessary complication of the intervening years.
- 28:41Bridge's marital history is dense, and we have to clarify
- 28:45exactly what law enforcement is prioritizing and what they are
- 28:49intentionally excluding.
- 28:50Speaker 2: This is a crucial distinction.
- 28:52Speaker 1: So after Astra dies in nineteen ninety three, Bridges marries
- 28:55his third wife, Tama Joe Bridges. Okay, she passes away
- 28:59in twenty eleven. However, the coroner's report for Tama Cho
- 29:04explicitly lists the cause of death as hypertensive and atherosclerotic
- 29:08cardiovascular disease basically heart disease. Right, a definitively natural cause,
- 29:12and local authorities have definitively stated they are not reopening
- 29:15her case.
- 29:16Speaker 2: Okay.
- 29:16Speaker 1: Furthermore, there's wife number four, Gaelhope Mozel. She died very
- 29:20recently twenty twenty four, down in Texas.
- 29:23Speaker 2: But there's a caveat there, right, a big one.
- 29:26Speaker 1: Groat clarifies in the source text that Bridges and Mozel
- 29:29were already divorced before Grote even entered the picture. Mozel
- 29:33died of cancer, and Texas authorities confirmed they have not
- 29:36investigated her death and there is no record of an autoxy.
- 29:39Speaker 2: So wives three and four are not part of the
- 29:41active criminal investigation.
- 29:43Speaker 1: Right, so I have to look at the investigative logic
- 29:45here when you are trying to build a circumstantial case
- 29:48around a pattern of behavior, do the verified natural deaths
- 29:52of wives three and four degrade the prosecutor's narrative?
- 29:56Speaker 2: That's a really good question.
- 29:57Speaker 1: Does the presence of natural mortality in the timeline make
- 30:00it harder for investigators to prove a compulsion or does
- 30:03it actually serve to sharply isolate and highlight the violent
- 30:06anomalies of the nineteen seventy two in nineteen ninety three cases.
- 30:09Speaker 2: Well, from a behavioral analysis perspective, the intervening natural deaths
- 30:14do not necessarily negate the hypothesis of a serial offender.
- 30:17Speaker 1: Really, even with decades between incidents.
- 30:20Speaker 2: Even with decades, the popular culture understanding of a serial
- 30:23offender is often a compulsion loop that constantly accelerates, Right,
- 30:26they can't stop.
- 30:27Speaker 1: Yeah, that's what movies teach us.
- 30:29Speaker 2: But in reality, particularly in domestic or intimate partner violence
- 30:33that escalates to homicide, the triggers can be highly highly.
- 30:37Speaker 1: Situational, situational triggers. What does that look like?
- 30:41Speaker 2: An offender might only act when specific external pressures like
- 30:44financial ruin, the threat of exposure, or the desire to
- 30:48exit a marriage without social stigma aligned with their internal
- 30:52psychological state.
- 30:53Speaker 1: Oh so, if he wanted out of a marriage but
- 30:55didn't want the stigma.
- 30:56Speaker 2: Of divorce exactly, especially in a conservative religious case community,
- 31:00if wives three and four did not trigger those specific
- 31:04environmental or psychological catalysts, their natural deaths do not exonerate
- 31:09the suspect for previous actions.
- 31:11Speaker 1: So it's not a metronome of violence. It's a reaction
- 31:14to specific situational geometry.
- 31:17Speaker 2: Exactly the right way to frame it if we connect
- 31:19this to the bigger picture. Strategically, for the detectives in
- 31:22Louisville and Gresham, the natural deaths are largely irrelevant to
- 31:25their immediate evidentiary burden.
- 31:28Speaker 1: Because they aren't trying to prove a psychological theory in
- 31:30court right.
- 31:31Speaker 2: They are not attempting to prosecute a lifelong behavioral pattern
- 31:35in a vacuum. They are building highly specific, forensically driven
- 31:39cases around the physical evidence of nineteen seventy two and
- 31:43nineteen ninety three.
- 31:44Speaker 1: Their focus is completely tethered to the biomechanics, the toxicology,
- 31:50and the reevaluation of those historical crime scenes.
- 31:53Speaker 2: Yes, which brings us to the operational mechanics of how
- 31:56two police departments separated by two thousand miles actually coordinate
- 32:01a fifty year old cold case because.
- 32:03Speaker 1: That cross jurisdictional linkage is the true triumph of modern
- 32:08law enforcement architecture.
- 32:09Speaker 2: Here, it really is, because in nineteen seventy two, and
- 32:12even largely in nineteen ninety three, the silo effect of
- 32:14American policing was absolute.
- 32:16Speaker 1: What do you mean by the silo effect?
- 32:18Speaker 2: I mean a detective in Gresham Oregan dealing with the
- 32:20latterfall in nineteen ninety three had absolutely no streamlined mechanism
- 32:24to discover that this grieving husband had a wife drown
- 32:27in a bathtub in Louisville, Kentucky two decades prior.
- 32:30Speaker 1: There was no Internet database for that none.
- 32:32Speaker 2: The databases were highly localized, they were paper based, and
- 32:34they were entirely reliant on human memory.
- 32:37Speaker 1: So how did they eventually connect the dots?
- 32:39Speaker 2: The evolution of systems like the Violent Criminal Apprehension Program
- 32:43or VISCAP fundamentally altered that landscape.
- 32:47Speaker 1: VISCAP, I've heard of that.
- 32:48Speaker 2: Yeah, it was originally designed to track transient serial killers
- 32:51by connecting behavioral signatures, but the underlying architecture of that
- 32:55information sharing eventually permeated all levels of cold case investingations.
- 33:00Speaker 1: So when the twenty fifteen exhumation in Kentucky changed Joyce's
- 33:04death to a homicide.
- 33:05Speaker 2: That data point entered a digitized, searchable ecosystem.
- 33:09Speaker 1: Oh wow. So years later, when Oregon authorities eventually reevaluated
- 33:13Asterid's nineteen ninety three death, the historical query wouldn't just
- 33:17return a blank.
- 33:17Speaker 2: Slate exactly, it would flag the twenty fifteen reclassification in Kentucky.
- 33:22Speaker 1: And suddenly these completely isolated tragedies snap into this horrifying alignment.
- 33:27Speaker 2: The system worked exactly as it was designed.
- 33:29Speaker 1: To, and the source material shows exactly how closely these
- 33:32agencies are currently collaborating. It's not just emails, no, it's
- 33:35boots on the ground. Gresham detectives didn't just make a
- 33:38phone call. They physically traveled to Missouri in the summer
- 33:42of twenty twenty six to his current house. Right they
- 33:45served a search warrant at Bridges residence alongside local authorities.
- 33:49Gresham detective Adam Wright explicitly confirmed that they were working
- 33:53side by side with the Louisville cold case unit.
- 33:56Speaker 2: They are pooling all their historical data, sharing the modern
- 33:59forensic analyses and presenting a unified investigative front.
- 34:03Speaker 1: And detective rights public statements provide incredible insight into their
- 34:08current tactical position.
- 34:09Speaker 2: Which is rare because law enforcement is generally exceptionally tight
- 34:13lipped during an active, uncharged investigation.
- 34:16Speaker 1: Very rare, but Wrights specifically noted that they are not
- 34:18rushing to judgment. He acknowledged the immense complexity of proving
- 34:23a case that relies on historical memory and degraded evidence.
- 34:26Speaker 2: He's managing expectations, and.
- 34:28Speaker 1: More poignantly, he addressed the collateral damage, noting that family
- 34:32members are quote understandably conflicted.
- 34:34Speaker 2: We really have to pause and recognize the absolute psychological
- 34:38devastlation occurring within the family dynamic right now.
- 34:41Speaker 1: Yeah, the kids Lenny Julian Monty.
- 34:43Speaker 2: The children from the Idyllic Church publications in the eighties.
- 34:46Speaker 1: They're adult men and women now being forced to retroactively
- 34:50process their entire childhood.
- 34:52Speaker 2: It's heartbreaking. They have to reconcile the memory of the
- 34:55father who taught them to ski and led them in prayer,
- 34:58with the mounting for forensic evidence that he may have
- 35:01brutally murdered their mother.
- 35:03Speaker 1: And potentially another woman before her.
- 35:05Speaker 2: The cognitive dissonance we discussed with the church community is
- 35:09magnified exponentially for those children, their foundational reality is fracturing.
- 35:14Speaker 1: It is an unimaginable burden of ambiguous grief. But you know,
- 35:18Detective Right also provided a highly specific, chilling qualifier regarding
- 35:23the immediate threat assessment.
- 35:25Speaker 2: I remember this part.
- 35:25Speaker 1: It was very deliberate, very When asked if Bridges posed
- 35:29a danger to the public at large, Wright stated he
- 35:32did not regard him as a general threat, but he
- 35:34appended the sentence with quote other than maybe a current wife.
- 35:38Speaker 2: That is an incredibly pointed threat profile for a detective
- 35:41to state on the record.
- 35:42Speaker 1: It strips away any ambiguity about how law enforcement views
- 35:45the operational methodology of this suspect.
- 35:47Speaker 2: They are explicitly isolating the danger zone to the intimate partner.
- 35:51Speaker 1: Space, which entirely validates Growth's decision to remove.
- 35:55Speaker 2: Him from the home completely. It communicates to the public
- 35:57and honestly, perhaps directly to the SUSA, that they understand
- 36:01exactly what the pattern is, even if they are still
- 36:03meticulously assembling the physical evidence required for an indictment.
- 36:07Speaker 1: Which brings us to the exact status of the investigation
- 36:11as of August twenty twenty six.
- 36:12Speaker 2: Where things stand right.
- 36:13Speaker 1: Now right, John Thomas Bridges is eighty six years old,
- 36:17He is currently free, He's not been formally charged with
- 36:20a crime, and he is maintaining complete public silence in
- 36:24the face of the swirling media coverage.
- 36:26Speaker 2: He hasn't said a word publicly.
- 36:28Speaker 1: His fifth wife has removed him from her life, guided
- 36:31by the grim validation of her spiritual intuition, and on
- 36:35both sides of the country, in Kentucky and Oregon, detectives
- 36:38are moving into the final critical phase of cold case methodology.
- 36:43Speaker 2: And that phase is actively soliciting the public for the
- 36:46microscopic fragments of memory that forensics cannot provide.
- 36:49Speaker 1: Because the science can only map the physical reality of
- 36:52the trauma right, it cannot rebuild the behavioral timeline leading.
- 36:56Speaker 2: Up to it exactly. Law enforcement is not expecting a
- 36:59witness to come forward who magically saw murder in nineteen
- 37:02seventy two or nineteen ninety three.
- 37:04Speaker 1: That's not what they're looking for.
- 37:05Speaker 2: No, they are hunting for behavioral anomalies. A neighbor who
- 37:09recalls a strangely heated argument days before a death.
- 37:13Speaker 1: The former church member who noticed a fleeting inconsistency in
- 37:16how Bridges described an accident.
- 37:18Speaker 2: Or a coworker of asterids who remembers a comment about
- 37:21marital tension.
- 37:22Speaker 1: When you take those tiny, seemingly insignificant human fragments and
- 37:27layer them over the undeniable, hard mathematics of the modern
- 37:31forensic analysis.
- 37:32Speaker 2: You construct the exact scaffolding required to secure conviction in
- 37:36a court of.
- 37:36Speaker 1: Law right and to that end, Louisville has established a
- 37:39dedicated tip line at five oh two five seven four.
- 37:43Speaker 2: LMPD and Gresham authorities are pleading with anyone possessing fragments
- 37:47of information from the early nineties to step forward as well.
- 37:50Speaker 1: They're banking on the idea that the centrifuge of time
- 37:53hasn't just separated the physical facts, but that fifty years
- 37:56is enough time for people to finally speak the truths
- 37:59they suppressed to protect the halo of a pastor.
- 38:01Speaker 2: Time reveals what people were too afraid to say back then.
- 38:04Speaker 1: This entire timeline the transition from private conveyances and unverified
- 38:09rumors in nineteen seventy two to three D biomechanical modeling
- 38:13and cross country task forces in twenty twenty six. It
- 38:17proves something deeply unsettling.
- 38:19Speaker 2: It really does.
- 38:20Speaker 1: It proves that official government sanctioned determinations, the facts written
- 38:25on death certificates, accepted by entire communities and file away
- 38:29in archives for half a century, are not always the
- 38:32final draft of history.
- 38:34Speaker 2: The truth can be buried literally and metaphorically, under the
- 38:37weight of authority and the limitations of an era, and
- 38:40still relentlessly find its way back to the surface.
- 38:43Speaker 1: It's a testament to the fact that time is patient,
- 38:45very patient. So I want to leave you with a
- 38:47thought to mull over long after this deep dive ends.
- 38:49Think back to that family photograph we discussed at the
- 38:52very beginning.
- 38:52Speaker 2: The one with the changed background.
- 38:54Speaker 1: Yeah, the one where you finally notice the background and
- 38:56the entire context of the memory fractures. If modern science
- 38:59and the sheer persistence of investigators can completely unravel a
- 39:03fifty year old fact like an accidental death certificate.
- 39:05Speaker 2: What else could be unraveled?
- 39:06Speaker 1: Exactly? What accepted facts in our own personal histories or
- 39:10in our societal narratives might completely unravel if we simply
- 39:14had the courage and the modern tools to look at
- 39:17the background with fresh eyes. Today.
- 39:19Speaker 2: That's a haunting question.
- 39:21Speaker 1: What truths are we actively accepting right now, simply because
- 39:24the halo is too bright and we haven't looked closely
- 39:27enough at the shadows behind it.