Latest / Made of Stars / A Cannibal CME Is Coming!!!

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A Cannibal CME Is Coming!!! · Made of Stars

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Warning. The following podcast contains an entertaining look at astronomy, physics, and
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space news throughout the known universe. Listeners have been known to learn about astronomical
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phenomenon, the scientific method, and expanded vocabulary to include terms like quasar asterism
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and uranus. Listen, that's your own risk. Go ahead. When made
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of stars, medium stars, madies, When maida stars you could be from
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high they would new Mexicomas. Where are stars? When we are made of
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stars? Joined by my good friend doctor Sean Cruisin from Columbus State Universe Citi's
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Coca Cola Space Science Center. I'm Wes Carol Morning Sean, Good morning,
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Wes. I hope you had a great Thanksgiving. I did, how about
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you. Oh, it was fantastic. Got to spend it with the family
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and the granddaughter. It was wonderful. And you know, I'm thankful for
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a lot of things. And one of the things I'm thankful for is really
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awesome space stories in the news, and we are chock full of those today,
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my friend, we have some pretty good ones, and I'm almost struggling
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to figure out which one to start with. I guess we'll start with a
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solar system that was discovered within the Milky Way. This is pretty neat.
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Yeah, so this is a great story. Obviously, there's lots of solar
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systems in the Milky Way, but this one's all orbiting in a very special
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way. It's like their mathematically harmonized in their orbits. In other words,
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in the language of astronomy, we would say every planet in this solar system,
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which is six by the way today that we know of, have perfectly
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resonant orbits. In other words, they're all mathematical intervals of the other orbits.
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Now, that is not the way our Solar system is. We do
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have some we do have some orbital and rotational resonances that occur in the Solar
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system, and they're interesting certainly. I mean, for instance, the Moon
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in its orbit around the Earth and its rotation on its own axis has a
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one to one resonance. We see the same side of the Moon all the
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time as a result of that, that gravitational tidal locking. So that's an
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example of the kind of thing we're talking about. But get this, this
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new solar system discovered in the direction of Coba Baronices, which is a really
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cool constellation. It's about one hundred light years away. These planets have resonances
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that look like this. The innermost planet orbits its parent star three times,
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exactly as the next planet out orbits two times, so they line up every
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second orbit for the second planet three to two resonans. Okay, now that
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that was the only interesting thing to be like. Okay, we have some
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things like that in our solar system too. But wait, there's more.
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So this happens also for the second and third closest planets to the Sun.
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So every three orbits of the second planet, the third planet has two orbits.
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It also happens for the third and fourth planet, so every three orbits
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of the third planet, the fourth planet gets two orbits three to two,
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three to two, three to two resonances for every planet out to number four,
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which is amazing. Now there's two more planets left, a fourth and
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fifth planet. The fourth planet orbits its parents stre out every forty one days.
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So that tells you that all of these planets are really close to their
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parents star. They're all shorter orbits than mercury is around our own Sun.
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For instance, that number five planet every forty one days, the number six
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planet every fifty four days. That is a four to three orbit resonents.
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But that means this. That means every few orbits you're gonna get the fifth
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I'm sorry, the sixth planet in the Solar system lining up with the first
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planet in the Solar system every six orbits, which also means this wes if
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you go out long enough, they all line up. Which that happens in
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our Solar system. Never, it never happens. People love to talk about,
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well, what happens when all the planets in our Solar system line up?
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They never do, friends, And when I say never, there is
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a long enough time that if you give it that length of time, yes,
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they will finally line up. But it's older than the than the life
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of the entire universe, so it hasn't happened yet. So this is a
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very different kind of resonant solar system. The harmony of the spheres is actually
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a thing in this particular crazy mixed up, perfectly synchronous Solar system. So
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we're talking about six planets very very close to the star. And does that
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play into this? Is that part of why that? Or is it just
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make it easier mathematically to calculate this? Or is it as it starts?
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So I would say, the first thing is that right, it gets these
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resonances are small. They're small numbers three to two and four to three and
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things like that, one to six. They're all single digit kind of numbers.
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It's not like twenty two, you know, one hundred and fifty three
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or something like that. So, yes, that makes it a little bit
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easier for us to get our heads around. But the reason that they think
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it's probably more likely is simply because this system hasn't experienced the impact of a
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near pass with another star, or the impact of some giant rogue proto planet
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flying through the interior of the Solar System and smashing into the planets that are
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there. It hasn't had the kind of gravitational mix ups and interactions that have
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obviously occurred in our Solar System and quite frankly occur in most solar systems.
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They think that this thing is about a one and one hundred systems, So
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it's not one in a million, it's not one in a thousand, but
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it's one in one hundred. It's still pretty rare, right, So ninety
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nine percent of solar systems don't end up in this perfectly synchronous set of orbital
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resonances. So when you say that it hasn't been tainted by something else that's
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come into it, does that mean that this is the normal way, This
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is the natural way, untainted, they would all be this way. So
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yes, So it's thought that all solar systems likely start out with these kind
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of synchronous orbits of its protoplanets that end up being planets. But then something
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comes along and disturbs that. But when you say that's the way it's supposed
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to be, actually not so. More commonly the disturbances happen, right,
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that's the common thing. So the common thing is you get you get these
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weird things flying through the Solar system at odd orbital angles, and they're probably
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protoplanets or their escaped moons or their giant comets, or you have a gravitational
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interaction with a nearby star because you're in a binary system or something, and
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something messes up this synchronicity, shall we say, So it starts out that
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way, but it doesn't last long. By the way. You can read
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this story on AP news. This is a great story on ap news dot
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com is where we found today and it's a really interesting system. But it
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tells us something fundamental about the way solar systems form. In general, they
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probably start out this way and the majority of the time they simply don't last
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long. You know, you can balance a pencil on it, it's a
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raser for a little while, but it doesn't generally stay there because it's an
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unstable balance point. You can think of this as kind of like that.
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It's an analogy of that. It's an unstable configuration. But once in a
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while we find them, and this time we actually found one using the NASA's
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Tests and Telescope space telescope and the European Space Agency's CHIOPS space telescope, which
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are both designed to find exoplanets planets around other stars. So really cool story,
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great discovery. Check it out on ap news dot com. All right,
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let's move to another galaxy, because this is a really cool story.
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Protoplanetary disc found in this other galaxy. Yes, in another galaxy not so
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far far away. As it turns out, it's one of the most nearby
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galaxies that we can imagine. It's the large Magellanic Cloud. It's a companion
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galaxy to the Milky Way, but for the very first time outside the Milky
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Way, astronomers have located a solar system in formation, a baby solar system,
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a tadpole to the frog, so to speak. It's not even a
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solar system yet. It's a proto planetary disk of material. It will become
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a solar system at some point when the very processes that you and I were
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just discussing in the last story carry themselves out over time. This is a
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discovery from a couple of very famous telescopes, the European Southern Observatory's very Large
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Telescope it's creative name, the VLT, and also the Autacama Large Millimeter and
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submillimeter array. We know that one is Alma, so the VLT telescope and
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the Alma telescope. That data combined from both of those instruments were used by
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a t of astronomers led by an astronomer by the name of Anima Cloud,
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an associate professor at Durham University in the United Kingdom, and this is a
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a publication published in Nature. So they use the combined data from these two
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very famous telescopes to identify the protoplanetary disc and then measure its rotation using the
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Doppler effect from the Alma telescope, and they figured out that this thing is
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rotating in such a way that it can only be that disc of material forming
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around its parent star. A really cool story, and the very first time
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that that's ever been seen outside of the Milky Way. Okay, So,
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and how far away are we talking about? You say it's a galaxy,
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not so far away. How far away are we talking? I mean it's
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a mere one hundred and sixty thousand light years, which sounds like a really
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long way to walk, honestly, skill that each light year is about six
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trillion miles and there's one hundred and sixty thousand of those, guys, It's
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still not what you and I would think of as close. Yeah, but
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in terms of galaxy separation, it's right there on the doormat of the Milky
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Way. It's literally not even outside the front yard fence. It's right on
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the doormat. It is a galaxy in orbit around the Milky Way, a
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companion galaxy. So so, my dad, anytime I was a kid or
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a teenager and asked for a ride somewhere, he would always just say walking
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ain't crowded. And that was always a good point, because you know,
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it was easy, easy to you know, remind us that we could always
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just use our feet. In this case, you can't. You probably need
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the help of space whales if you're caught up on your Star Wars lore,
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at least with the Ahsoka series. So this is this is so we see
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it now as being this very young developing system hypothetically, and this is where
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I think just and I know it's not really this is just me sort of
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being a little rhetorical, but this is the fascination with this whole time concept
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about looking into space, looking at something that's happening one hundred and sixty thousand
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light years away. Were we able to find the space whale and get there,
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it would have obviously had one hundred and sixty thousand years that it could
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have progressed and become a much more developed. Do we have any idea what
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it might be like at this stage based on that? Yeah, So here
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here's what we have to think of in terms of those time scales. And
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it's a really good point that anytime we're looking deep in space, we're also
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looking back in time. Typically, when we talk about looking at other galaxies,
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we are talking about at the very small and millions of years, if
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not tens or even hundreds of millions of years, if not billions of years.
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So one hundred and sixty thousand years is actually the small change in the
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couch cushions in terms of time look back time, and so it's really not
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that long in the star's lifetime, which can last up to ten billion years.
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Right, So so one hundred and sixty thousand years out of a ten
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billion year life cycle is it's like yesterday. So yeah, there's been some
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development in that time, but at the rate at which these protoplanetary discs develop,
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it's been kind of minimal. So if you could jump on your space
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well and actually get there, you'd say, okay, yeah, those those
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little clumps look a little bit more like planets now, but not a lot
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more like planets. So still just to get the right timescale, it's not
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that far, not out of infancy yet. We're not to Toddler yet or
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anything exactly. All right, that's fair, All right, let's talk about
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Artemis two. This is we're starting to feel the eventual launch of Artemis two.
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We got a year to go, but this is a cool moment.
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The astronauts have put their name on the rocket. Yes, so the astronauts
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who are going to travel to the Moon on Artemis two. And when I
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say to the Moon, they're going to go around it and come back home.
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They're not yet landing on it in the Artemist two mission. But the
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Artist two mission includes NASA commander Reid Weisman, NASA pilot Victor Glover. He
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will be the first black person to leave lower Earth orbit. We have NASA
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Mission specialist Christina Cook. She will be the first woman to leave low Earth
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orbit. She also has Native American ancestry. And then we have the Canadian
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Space Agency's astronaut Jeremy Hansen. He will be the first non American to leave
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Low Earth orbit. So there'll be a lot of firsts in terms of people
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milestones when this vehicle leaves the Earth's orbit and takes off for a cis lunar
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orbital injection, which just means they're going to go around the back side of
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the Moon. Okay, well you forgot one. This is the first guy
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named Reid Wiseman that'll go into out there, so that's he's a first as
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well. I said, want him feel left out? I mean, has
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Reid left lower Earth orbit? As they kind of worded it like he had,
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but oh maybe he had. I don't know. He'll be the first
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guy named Reid. He'll be the first guy named Reid Wiseman to go behind
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the Moon. How about that. I mean that's for sure true, since
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no one's really left low Earth orbit since the Apollo Misians. I'm pretty sure
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he wasn't on those. I just want him to feel included. He doesn't
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need to be left out of all of these firsts, poor guy. I
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mean, I will say this. This is I get tripped up sometimes I
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am reading wording from the story's origin origin, which is space dot Com.
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Uh yeah, So I'm not throwing them under the bus, but I'm just
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saying I think he is the first person named Reid Wiseman. Yeah, I
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think so. I think he deserves credit for that. I mean that's and
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he's also the first guy named Reid Wiseman to sign a rocket. I guess
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at least a moon rocket anyway. Yeah, all right, enough of that.
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So this rocket was signed at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center over in
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Huntsville, Alabama. The portion that was signed is actually kind of a mating
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ring. It's kind of an adapter between the capsule and the rocket. You
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know, sometimes you'd have to you know, when you're trying to use the
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right USB connection, you got to use an adapter or something anyway. So
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this this adapter fits the capsule onto what's called the SLS or the Space Launch
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System, the Mighty Moon rocket. And so they were able to go in
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and inspect that docking ring. It is a giant metal ring that's approximately five
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foot you know high or something, and and it's really cool. They can
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walk inside it. They have to put on their clean room suits in order
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to do that, and they sign their names on the inside, and they're
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they're getting ready to go to the Moon. Now Here comes kind of a
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fun punchline for us, which is I have I have a former student here
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at Columbus State University who is an intern here at the Coke Cola Space Science
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Center. His name is Zach Coker. Zach sent me a picture about six
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months ago of him signing the inside of that same ring. So I text
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him this morning asking did they scribble out his name and write over I'm not
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haven't got back yet from Zach, so I'll be waiting to hear whether his
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name is still there or the astaurants actually signed over his name, but anyway,
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so that was something kind of fun getting ready for a potentially historic around
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the Moon mission slated for late twenty twenty four at this time. Coming up
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after a quick break, a cannibal CME is coming. No big worry,
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no concerns there at all. We'll talk about that right after this. All
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right, CMEs are coming, They've already launched their en route. They're on
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their way. Do we need to be concerned? Yes? The end,
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this is gonna be uh, not good. Everybody dive under the bed.
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Danger, danger, it's coming. I mean, that's not gonna do any
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good. So I mean you can if you want to, if it makes
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you feel better, but that's really not gonna do you any good. Yeah,
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I would think not. So are what are we looking at here?
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What's coming towards this coronal mass ejections? And uh and what does that mean
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for us in the next hours? Really? Yeah? So okay, let
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me be serious for a moment. You're you're fine, You're fine, everybody
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you're fine. Likely likely you're fine. So here's what happened. If you
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listened to last week's show, we warned you people. We told you,
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we're your friends, we're here to help. We're doing a public service,
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ladies and gentlemen. We discussed the fact that there were some very large sunspot
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groups on the Sun and you should watch out for them exploding and hurling millions
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of tons of deadly radiation at the Earth. Well, guess what, you
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didn't listen. If you weren't, that's right, and that's all the more
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reason to listen every week, because we try to prepare you for these sorts
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of things. We do our best, and we did give you the all
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right. So here's what happened. Those big sunspots actually did explode, and
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there were four, at least four really big sunspot eruptions that resulted in four
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coronal mass ejections, all moving at different speeds. See, when this happens,
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the fasty ones catch up with the slowly ones and they add up to
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each other. I mean they add on to each other. And the last
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one was the fastiest one of them all. It's the fourth one. So
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so all of those coronal mass ejections from those giant sunspot groups that we warned
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you about last week are all going to pile up and arrive at the Earth
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at the same time, and this friends is what is known as a cannibal
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cannibal CME. They eat each other, or more more appropriately, it's almost
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like a constructive interference in the wave phenomenon where they add up to each other,
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right, So they add on to each other and you get the crest
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of this activity all arriving at the same time. The biggest of the CMEs
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was launched on November twenty eight, and by the way, go check out
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spaceweather dot com. Go look at the archive for November twenty eight, because
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that video is pretty darn impressive of this giant eruption of a sunspot group on
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the Sun. So check out the I'm sorry it occurred on the twenty eighth.
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You check out the archive for the twenty ninth. The next day they
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had the video up and so check out the archive for November twenty ninth spaceweather
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dot com. You will see that largest of the giant solar flares that led
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to a very fast moving coronal mass ejection. So this giant cannibal CME is
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gonna swallow up the previous other three. It's going to add to the radiation
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effect all arriving at the Earth same time, and it's going to spark what
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we know as a geomagnetic storm. So this cannibal CME, or the stacked
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up version of four CMEs arriving simultaneously has been predicted by the Noah forecasters the
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NAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to strike our planet December first, friends,
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as we're recording the show that's tomorrow. So I hope, I hope you're
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listening for the live you know, posts of this show. You want to
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be the first listeners because you're going to find out some information that might affect
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you within twenty four hours. This is one of those times. So you'll
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be wanting to watch for northern lights in the mid latitude states of the United
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States in the overnight hours from November thirtieth into December first, and in the
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overnight hours from December first into December second, just in case there's still some
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residual CME arriving a little bit late. So there you have it, friends,
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December first, a strong geomagnetic storm is predicted by the National Oceanic and
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Atmospheric Administration due to the effects of four coronal mass ejections stacking up into one
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giant cannibal. Cme. Now we're joking about this being a bad thing.
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Uh, what are the what are the bad things that could happen? What
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does people just need to put on sunscreen and suck it up and they'll be
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fine. I mean, you know, so when we talk about bad things,
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h we're not necessarily talking about effects to individuals, Like it's gonna make
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your skin tan. No, that's silly, that's not that's not gonna happen.
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But it could knock your power out right, so you can have overserge
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of power grids. That can be a problem. So folks should unplug all
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their TVs and toasters tonight, Is that what you're saying. I mean,
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just start yanking them out of the walls. And I mean really, if
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you have that really fan see you know, oled TV, you might want
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to go ahead and unplug that overnight, yea, or at least make sure
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it's on a surge protector. That's good advice. But you might wake up
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in the next morning with no power, and so you might want to have
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a few extra blankets around, you know. I'm just saying it's that time
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of year you should have the blankets, and you should have you know,
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maybe charge up all of your flashlights if you got the rechargeable lanterns and flashlights,
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jack your batteries. Yeah, that's the kind of thing you want to
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think about. That's good. Yeah, I like that safety tip. So
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again we sound like we're joking, but in nineteen eighty nine, this actually
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did happen. A giant CME knocked out a power transformer station in Quebec.
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That blocked out That blacked out I should say a lot of the northeast and
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eastern Canada in the winter in nineteen eighty nine. So these kinds of things
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actually do happen. It can also cause communications outages, It can affect satellites
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in orbit, so there are real effects. Again, hiding under your bed
23:57
not necessary. The one thing I would say though, is this, if
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you have a New York to London flight, if you're on a plane in
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the polar latitudes, they polar routes to make it a little bit shorter,
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you can receive extra doses of radiation during these kinds of storms. That's a
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great point as the one time that actual personal effects might take place. So
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check your flight. You know, checkspaceweather dot com and you know, just
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do your best, that's all I'm gonna say. All right, so let's
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go back to two thousand and two. There was new data. I guess
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it's been observed and we're learning more about this event that happened, but a
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gamma ray burst that physically disturbed the Earth's ion a sphere. There's a group
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from Italy that went back and looked at an event that took place in two
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thousand and two. They gathered lots of data from multiple different sources, and
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they looked at something strange that occurred in the Earth's ionosphere, and it also
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affected things like lightning sensors and satellites which detect large explosions on the surface of
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the Earth. And so this Italian group looked at all of those data simultaneously
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and said, Wow, it appears that something from outer space actually affected the
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Earth's ionosphere to a level that lightning detectors and explosion detection satellites were actually recording
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signals, shall we say, of this event. And so by putting all
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that data together, they realized that the only thing strong enough to do this
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was some kind of a gamma ray burst. Now, This gamma ray burst,
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as it turns out, was correlated to an event that was recorded by
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astronomers at the time from a supernova that occurred approximately two billion light years away.
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So this is a significant distance from the Earth. It's not at the
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outer reaches of space and time, but it's not close either. It's a
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pretty pretty far distance. And it appears that this wave of a gamma ray
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burst arrived at the Earth in two thousand and two and pummeled the Earth's atmosphere
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and magnetic field for eight hundred seconds. Eight hundreds it's over ten minutes you're
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doing the quick calculations. So that's a long time, right for just being
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bombarded by large doses of gamma rays so large that it actually contorted the Earth's
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iono sphere and shoved it down into lower layers of the atmosphere of the Earth.
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And this doesn't happen very often. Gamma ray burst experts estimate that maybe
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once every ten thousand years an event like this is even possible. The lead
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author on the study, named Mirco Piersante, had this great quote, it
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was probably the brightest gamma ray burst that we have ever detected. Now,
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when saying ever detected. That means in the modern era, when we have
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gamma ray detectors, this is probably in terms of how bright it was at
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the source and its arrival here at the Earth, the most powerful gamma ray
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burst ever detected. Pierre Sante went on to say, there has been a
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great debate about the possible consequences of a gamma ray burst of this kind in
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our own galaxy. So if this thing happened, you know, in some
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distant galaxy two billion light years away, what would happen if it one of
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these kinds of explosions, again, likely a supernova going off. What would
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happen if that occurred in our own home galaxy, the Milky Way, which
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is a lot closer than two billion light years. Well, people have cocted
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conjects for years that these kinds of events could be tied to what are known
28:04
as mass extinction events in the fossil record. Here on Earth, it seems
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that at various times in history, large numbers of species all died out simultaneously.
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Most of the time, paleontologists and geologists will argue for earth bound causes
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for these kinds of events, but astronomers have long said, well, yeah,
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that's fine, except there are these things that go off in space called
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gamma ray bursts, and that could also do it. So this is new
28:36
evidence that, wow, it really could happen, because one at this great
28:41
distance actually had a measured effect on the Earth's atmosphere, particularly the ionosphere,
28:48
measured by the digital instruments of the modern age, shall we say, and
28:53
so we know, then we can extrapolate from that how much greater the effect
28:59
would be if this thing happened nearby. And yes, it appears that those
29:03
would definitely have life altering consequences. When I say those, I mean the
29:08
gamma rays of a much greater intensity, all arriving at the Earth simultaneously.
29:17
A supernova in our own galaxy could release a huge burst of gamma rays and
29:22
could very well reach out and touch the Earth in a drastic way, so
29:26
says the author of the Universe today dot com article that we're referring to right
29:30
now. So check out this article in its entirety at Universe today dot com.
29:34
But this could in fact trigger a series of events which can allow excess
29:40
ultraviolet radiation to pummel the Earth because the ozone layer would be tampered with and
29:47
just cause death and destruction. So has that happened in the past. We're
29:52
not saying it has never been proven. However, it's a really interesting scenario.
29:59
And again read on Universe today dot com. We still don't really know
30:02
where the hult came from. I mean, I'm just saying it's possible.
30:04
Anything is possible. All right, let's talk about the Co Cola Space Science
30:07
Center. I know that you guys have come out of your Thanksgiving mode and
30:14
you're working your way into the Christmas holiday mode. I know that you're going
30:18
to have some adjusted hours and all that kind of info and special shows and
30:22
programming you guys will have up on your website. We are and that's the
30:26
best way to find out all the information about any of our events or our
30:29
hours is just to visit our website www dot cc SSC dot org, Charlie
30:36
Charlie SamSam Charlie dot org, or follow us on Facebook. Become a Facebook
30:40
follower of the Space Science Center just because we post cool stuff once in a
30:42
while. And beyond that, I would say that we will be open until
30:48
the twentieth of December. Will open that day and then on the twenty first
30:51
of December, We're going to be closed until after the holiday, so if
30:53
you don't make it here by the twentieth of December, we will see you
30:57
in twenty twenty four, right after the new year, and we'll be open
31:00
up again with all kinds of adventures taking place, including our brand new exhibit,
31:06
the Guzzle Vortex, sponsored by our our friends at Brenton Whitney. Sean
31:11
and I thank you for listening, and we'll do this again next week.
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