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The Cessation of the Sign Gifts (1 Corinthians 13:8-10) · Reformed Thinking

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Welcome to reformed thinking. Think about the last wedding you
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went to. Picture the scene in your head.
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Right, the guests are seated, the floral arrangements are set
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up, and everyone is quiet. Yeah, exactly.
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The bride and groom are at the front, and at some point a
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designated reader steps up to a microphone, clears their throat
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and starts reading. From First Corinthians chapter.
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13 Oh, the classic wedding text. You know the one.
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They read it with this very soft, sentimental tone.
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Love is patient. Love is kind.
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It does not envy. It does not boast.
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And it always gets framed as this highly romantic poem.
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It really does. It gets treated like a lovely
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greeting card sentiment, something designed to give a
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newlywed couple warm feelings about their future.
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But here is the massive cultural irony we are unpacking in
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today's deep dive. The irony that Paul would
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probably be shocked by how we use it.
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Oh completely. The apostle Paul did not write
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those words to be read over a bride and groom in a Pristine
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Chapel. He wrote that chapter as a
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harsh, devastating weapon. A weapon aimed straight at the
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heart of a chaotic, arrogant and highly prideful church.
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Yes, he was writing to a congregation that was actively
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tearing itself apart, and he was using the concept of love to
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totally dismantle their arrogance.
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So our mission today is to look at 2 incredibly dense, highly
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detailed theological texts dealing with the signed gifts of
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the early church. Right.
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Specifically, tongues, prophecy, and the Word of Wisdom.
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We want to understand what those miraculous operations actually
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were. And we need to look at why they
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existed in the 1st century in the first place.
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Plus, we're going to look closely at the Greek grammar of
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First Corinthians. Our sources make a definitive
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text driven argument that those specific miraculous operations
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ceased entirely in the 1st century.
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It's a massive topic. We're going to look at the
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historical timeline, the syntax, and the sheer theological weight
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of Paul's argument. So let us get right into it.
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That cultural irony about the weddings reveals a lot about how
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modern readers approach the biblical text.
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It really does when you isolate First Corinthians 13 from its
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immediate historical context. I mean you lose the whole
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argument Paul is making. He is not offering a romantic
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ideal at all. No, not even close.
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He is engaged in a rigorous theological correction.
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So the core question we have to answer today is what were these
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miraculous gifts functioning as in that specific historical
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moment? Why did the early church need
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them? Right then, and looking at the
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precise Greek grammar, why do our sources argue that these
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gifts had a built in expiration date?
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To grasp any of that, you have to realize that the church in
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Corinth was in a state of absolute crisis.
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They were taking the extraordinary miraculous
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operations of the Holy Spirit and using them as tools for self
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promotion. Yeah, they were establishing a
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social hierarchy. They ranked each other based on
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who could produce the most spectacular outward display.
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So to get a firm grip on why Paul is writing to them with
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such urgency, we have to talk about the historical and
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geographical reality of ancient Corinth.
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Let us build that setting for you.
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Right now we are talking around 8053 or 54.
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Right. And we need to look at what was
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happening in the house churches of that city, because these new
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believers were bringing a massive amount of cultural
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baggage straight into their worship gatherings.
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Corinth was not some sleepy little village.
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It was a bustling, cosmopolitan commercial hub.
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It sat right on an isthmus, a very narrow strip of land
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connecting the Peloponnese with mainland Greece.
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They actually had a stone track called the Diolcos.
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They would literally drag ships across the land to avoid the
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treacherous sea journey around the peninsula.
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Which meant to control both eastern and western trade
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routes. Corinth was incredibly wealthy.
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I always think of it as the ancient equivalent of Wall
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Street mixed with Las Vegas. That is a brilliant way to
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picture it. The people there were highly
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ambitious, status obsessed and focused entirely on climbing the
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social ladder. But layered on top of that
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wealth was this intense environment of Greco Roman
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paganism. Specifically, they were situated
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relatively close to Delphi, the site of the famous Oracle.
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The whole region was heavily influenced by Hellenistic
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mystery religions. And within those Pagan cults,
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particularly the worship of Apollo and Dionysus, you had
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worshippers engaging in ecstatic, frenzied speech,
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right? Historically, this practice is
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referred to as glossolalia. The adherence of these cults
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would work themselves into a trance like state.
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They would Babble irrationally and claim they were receiving
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direct oracular utterances from the gods.
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And this was not just some fringe activity.
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This was the accepted cultural cultural standard for religious
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experience in that region. This was how you proved you were
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connected to the divine. The Wilder the display, the more
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out of control you appeared, the more spiritual the culture
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considered you to be. This is where the problem hits
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the local church assembly head on.
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The Corinthians were saved out of that Pagan darkness, but they
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dragged that experiential baggage straight through the
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front door. They equated Christian spiritual
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maturity with those spectacular chaotic displays.
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They assumed that if the Holy Spirit of God was moving, it
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must look like the frenzied chaos of the temples of Apollo.
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Yeah, they had no category for a quiet, orderly move of God.
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LIT is an analogy for this. Imagine you invite someone to a
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very solemn, formal dinner party.
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OK, I can picture that very refined, nice silverware.
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Yes, it is a quiet atmosphere. People are having focused,
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meaningful, intelligent conversations, but this guest
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shows up and starts acting like they're still at a loud, chaotic
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nightclub. Oh wow, so they are shouting
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over music that is not even playing.
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Right. They are knocking things over,
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trying to become the center of attention, totally misreading
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the room. They misunderstood the
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environment and they fundamentally misunderstood the
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host of the gathering. That is exactly what was
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happening. The Corinthians were treating
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the worship of the one true God like a Pagan nightclub.
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They were trying to impress each other with outward spectacles.
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They were misusing the genuine operations of the Holy Spirit to
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mimic the Pagan frenzy they were used to.
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But we also have to ask why the Holy Spirit was granting
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miraculous manifestations in the first place.
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And that brings us to the dispensational shift.
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We have to look at the redemptive historical context.
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The early Church was existing in a very specific transitional
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phase of history. Our sources operate from a
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framework that recognizes a sharp distinction between the
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nation of Israel and the new entity of the Church.
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During this 1st century window, God was establishing this new
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body, but the written Canon of Scripture was not yet complete.
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The New Covenant scriptures, all the letters and gospels we read
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today had not been fully compiled yet.
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Because the early believers lacked a finalized written
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standard of doctrine, God graciously provided the apostles
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and early church prophets with miraculous signs.
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And these signs accomplish 2 very specific things.
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First, they validated the authority of the apostles as the
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true messengers of God. They confirmed the shift away
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from the Mosaic economy, and let us clarify that term for you,
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the listener. Yeah, that is a theological term
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we should break down. When we say the Mosaic economy,
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we are referring to the Old Testament system, the temple
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sacrifices, Levitical priests, dietary laws, and national
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regulations from Mount Sinai. That entire system was being
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fulfilled and phased out. God was inaugurating a new
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covenant. And he used miracles to
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authenticate the men who were laying the ground level doctrine
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for it. The miracles were essentially
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the divine signature on the Apostolic message.
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Proving that the shift away from the Sinai covenant was ordained
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by God. But there was a second specific
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purpose, right? Yes, and it relates directly to
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the manifestation of tongues. This miraculous ability to speak
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in unlearned foreign languages functioned as a sign of
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judgement against unbelieving Israel.
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Paul explains this explicitly in First Corinthians chapter 14.
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He quotes the prophet Isaiah, specifically Isaiah 28 verses 11
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and 12. In that passage, God told
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rebellious Israel that because they refused to listen to the
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clear words of the prophets, he would speak to them through men
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of strange lips and foreign tongues.
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So the presence of these foreign languages in the Christian
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assembly was a divine declaration.
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A declaration that God was turning his attention to the
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Gentiles and judgement was coming upon the unbelieving
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Jewish nation. That redemptive historical
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context changes everything about how you read the letters to
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Corinth. It totally removes the mystery
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of why these things were happening.
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But the Corinthians missed all of this.
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They ignored the redemptive purpose.
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Because they were obsessed with status, they started ranking
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these spiritual manifestations. They wanted the visible showy
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ones. And that brings us right into
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First Corinthians chapter 12, where Paul begins to
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systematically dismantle their entire ranking system.
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He starts his list of manifestations with the Word of
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Wisdom. We need to pause and define what
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that actually means. It was a highly misunderstood
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phrase today. Yeah, because when we hear a
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word of wisdom today, we might just think of an older pastor
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giving good, practical advice. Or a mature Christian offering a
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prudent perspective on a difficult life decision.
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But based on the textual analysis in our sources, when
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Paul talks about the Word of Wisdom in chapter 12, he is not
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talking about basic everyday prudence, is he?
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No, absolutely not. He is addressing something far
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more specific and extraordinary. The text does not allow us to
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reduce the Word of Wisdom to ordinary cleverness or human
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insight. It also forbids us from treating
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it as a continuing stream of private revelation for believers
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today. In the context of the Apostolic
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Church, this was a specific temporary spirit given
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utterance. It was not a vague psychological
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impression. It was a direct communication of
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divine truth. It was tailored to the immediate
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doctrinal needs of the early Church before they had the
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completed scriptures. And Paul places this squarely
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within the triune source of all spiritual operations to correct
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their bad theology. Let us look closely at First
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Corinthians 12, verses 4 through 11.
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Paul deliberately sets the variety of gifts against the
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unity of the Godhead. He writes that there are
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varieties of gifts, but the same Spirit.
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Varieties of ministries but the same Lord.
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Varieties of workings, but the same God.
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That specific rhetorical structure is designed to
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completely crush human pride. Because if the try in God is the
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one sovereignly distributing these things, as the text says,
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as He wills, then human boasting is logically excluded.
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You cannot take credit for something that was handed to you
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sovereignly by the Spirit for a specific task.
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Right. You did not earn it through
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spiritual superiority. You did not achieve it by
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reaching a higher level of enlightenment.
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You were simply a vessel chosen for a specific function.
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The Corinthian error was treating a divine trust as a
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personal achievement. They took what God meant for the
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benefit of others and turned it into a personal trophy.
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But Paul gives a controlling rule for all these
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manifestations. In verse 7 he writes that the
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manifestation of the Spirit is given to profit withal.
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Meaning for the common good of the assembly.
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That is the ultimate filter for any claim of spiritual activity
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in the early church. Every genuine operation of the
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Spirit in that era existed to build up the entire congregation
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to strengthen their collective understanding of the Gospel.
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Not to elevate a single speaker or give someone a special
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platform. So let us apply that standard
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right now. Let us say someone in a modern
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church setting claims to have an extra biblical revelation.
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OK, or they stand up and say they have a special word of
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wisdom from the Lord. If that claim elevates the
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speaker, draws attention to their own spiritual status, or
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causes confusion in the congregation, that claim
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automatically fails Paul's test in verse 7.
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It fails the test immediately. It cannot be of the Holy Spirit
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if it contradicts the very design the Holy Spirit
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established. True spiritual operations in the
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1st century always built up the body.
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They brought theological clarity and pointed the congregation
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back to the finished work of Christ.
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And the Corinthians were experiencing the exact opposite
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of that. Their gatherings were
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characterized by division, competition and chaos.
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Which proves beyond a shadow of a doubt that they were abusing
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the manifestations they had been given.
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They were failing the test of the common good.
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So if they're using these gifts to prop themselves up and build
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their own personal brands, Paul knows he has to attack the root
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of the issue. He.
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Has to in back their pride. He moves from explaining the
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nature of the gifts in chapter 12 to explaining their duration
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in chapter 13. He introduces love not as a soft
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emotional feeling, but as a weapon against their arrogance.
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Which brings us back to that wedding passage we talked about
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at the beginning. Chapter 13 is not a stand alone
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poem you can just lift out of the text.
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No, it is the hinge of his entire theological argument.
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It is a highly cohesive literary polemic.
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Paul starts by exaggerating the sign gifts.
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Hypothetically, he wants to show how useless they are without the
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right character. He says even if I speak in the
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tongues of men and of angels, even if I possess all prophetic
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abilities and understand all mysteries, if I do not have a
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gap of love, I am just a noisy gong.
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Or a clanging cymbal, and that imagery is not random at all.
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He is referencing the specific annoying sounds of the Pagan
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temples they were intimately familiar with.
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The worshippers of Dionysus used brass gongs and cymbals in their
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frantic rituals. Paul is basically telling the
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Corinthians that without the self sacrificial character of
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love, their spectacular showy displays are worthless.
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They just sound like the Pagan priests they were supposed to
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have left behind. To really visualize what Paul is
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saying about the temporary nature of these gifts versus the
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permanent nature of love, we need an analogy.
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Think about a massive construction site.
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Imagine you were walking down the street and you pass a
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beautiful towering cathedral that is still under
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construction. Right there is metal scaffolding
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set up all or on the outside of it.
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Now the scaffolding is absolutely necessary.
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You need it to lay the bricks to install the stained glass
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windows to get the workers up to the higher level safely.
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But imagine if you walk by one day and the construction workers
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have become obsessively focused on the scaffolding itself.
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They start bragging about the metal pipes.
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They spend all day polishing the scaffolding.
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They argue fiercely over who gets to stand on the highest
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tier of the scaffolding. Yes, and they completely ignore
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the actual brick and mortar structure they are being paid to
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build. In Paul's argument, love is the
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building. The character of Christ formed
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in the local church is the actual structure.
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The miraculous gifts were just the scaffolding.
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They were temporary utilitarian tools designed by God to help
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establish the structure during the Apostolic age.
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You do not Polish the scaffolding, you use it and then
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when the building is finished, you tear it down.
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That visual aligns perfectly with Paul's vocabulary.
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In the text, Paul explicitly contrasts the permanent
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character of love with the sheer utility of the gifts.
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He says in verse 8 that love never fails.
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The Greek word he uses there is piptay, which literally means to
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fall down or to collapse. Love will never collapse.
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It is an eternal attribute of God that will continue right
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into the eschatological state. And we should define that term
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for clarity. When theologians talk about the
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eschatological state, they're talking about the final eternal
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condition of the universe. The new heavens and the new
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earth. The point when God brings all of
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human history to its intended conclusion and dwells with his
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people forever, Paul is saying that love continues right into
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that eternal reality. Love survives the end of the
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age, but the miraculous gifts were strictly utilitarian.
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They were never meant to enter the eternal state.
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They were not even meant to continue throughout all of
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church history. They had an expiration date
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built into their very designed. They were given for the infancy
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of the church, and they were designed to be removed.
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This brings us to the absolute core of our discussion today.
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This is where we get into the heavy lifting of the Greek
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grammar. Because the most natural
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question you might ask listening to this is how do we know these
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gifts had an expiration date? How do we know from the text
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that the scaffolding was meant to come down?
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We are not just guessing based on history.
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The answer lies in the precise syntax of First Corinthians
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chapter 13, specifically verses 8 through 10.
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Let us unpack the specific verbs Paul uses here, because they are
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incredibly revealing. We have to look at verse 8 with
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a magnifying glass. Paul makes 3 distinct statements
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about the sign gifts. He says whether there are
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prophecies, they will be abolished.
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Whether there are tongues, they will cease.
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Whether there is knowledge it will be abolished.
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The English translation smooths it out to make it readable, but
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the underlying Greek contains A deliberate, brilliant change in
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the verbal voice. Let us look at the gifts of
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prophecy and knowledge first. For both of those, Paul uses the
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verb catargio. This means to render
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inoperative, to abolish, or to bring to an end.
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Crucially, Paul places this verb in the future.
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Passive indicative. Let us break that down.
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When we look at Greek syntax, we have to ask what the passive
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voice signifies in this specific context.
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It is not just grammatical trivia, it dictates how the
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action happens. The passive voice means that the
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subject of the sentence is being acted upon by an outside force.
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So prophecy and knowledge are not going to just slowly fade
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away on their own due to lack of use.
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Right. An external agent is going to
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arrive and actively abolish them.
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They are going to be rendered inoperative by an outside force
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acting upon them. You have to keep that passive
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voice in mind because Paul immediately shifts his
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grammatical structure when he addresses the third gift.
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The gift of tongues. He drops Katargio completely for
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tongues. He uses a totally different word
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and a totally different voice. He uses the verb POW and more
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importantly, he shifts from the passive voice to the middle
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voice. He says whether there are
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tongues, they will cease using Pow in the future.
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Middle indicative. The middle voice in Greek
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grammar is reflexive. It means the subject
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participates in the results of the action.
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To put it simply and clearly, tongues will stop of their own
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accord. They will naturally die out.
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They do not require the outside force to arrive and abolish
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them. They will hit their designated
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expiration date and naturally, reflexively cease.
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That grammatical distinction is massive, so prophecy and
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knowledge are actively stopped by an outside force, but tongues
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naturally stop on their own. We have to ask why?
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Why would the gift of tongues naturally stop on its own while
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the others require an external agent?
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The answer is found in their specific historical purpose,
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which we touched on earlier. Right, referencing Isaiah 28,
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tongues function as a sign of judgment to unbelieving Israel.
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There were a warning that God was moving away from the
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national boundaries of Israel and forming a global body.
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When the Roman army marched into Jerusalem in 8070, burned the
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city and completely destroyed the Temple, that promised
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judgment was fulfilled. They dismantled the Jewish
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sacrificial system forever. The transition from the Jewish
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economy to the Church Age was firmly historically established.
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Once that specific prophesied historical purpose was complete,
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the gift of tongues naturally and permanently ceased.
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The scaffolding was removed because the warning had been
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delivered and executed. That handles Tums.
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The middle voice shows us they stop on their own when Jerusalem
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falls. But we are still left with the
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mystery of prophecy and knowledge.
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What is the outside force that actively abolishes them?
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We know from the passive voice that something has to arrive to
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render them inoperative. Verse 10 gives us the answer,
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but it is an answer that has caused massive debate within the
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broader church. Verse 10 says that the partial
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things will pass away when the perfect comes.
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I have to voice the common objection here.
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Many people read that phrase when the perfect comes, and they
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assume it means the return of Jesus Christ at the end of the
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age. Or they think it refers to the
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eternal state going to heaven. The argument goes like this,
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since Jesus has not returned yet, the perfect has not come,
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and therefore prophecy and words of knowledge must still be
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active today. It is a common assumption, but
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how does the text actually refute that assumption?
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The text refutes it grammatically.
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The phrase in the original Greek is to Teleon.
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This is a neuter adjective functioning as a noun.
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Because it is neuter, it grammatically cannot refer to
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Jesus Christ at His second coming.
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If Paul wanted to refer to the return of Jesus, the personal
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Incarnate Son of God, he would have been required by the rules
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of Greek syntax to use a masculine pronoun.
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He did not do that by deliberately using the neuter.
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He is referring to a completed thing, an object, or a finalized
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state. You have to look at the contrast
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he is setting up in the immediate context in verse 9 he
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says for we know in part and we prophecy in part.
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He uses the phrase ecamaris meaning partial things, the.
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Fragmented piece meal. Glimpses of divine truth that
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the early Church was receiving. He contrasts those partial
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fragmented things with titelion, the perfect completed thing.
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In the context of partial fragmented revelation, the
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perfect thing that completes the picture must logically be the
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finalized written revelation of God.
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So the outside force, the external agent that arrives and
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actively a polishes the partial prophecies and the piece meal
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words of knowledge is the completed Canon of scripture.
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Once the New Covenant scriptures were finalized.
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Once the Apostle John finished writing Revelation and the Canon
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was closed, the perfect thing had arrived.
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The scaffolding of temporary prophetic utterances was no
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longer needed because the structural masterpiece of
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written revelation was complete. The exegesis leaves no room for
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confusion. The arrival of the completed
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closed Canon actively rendered the partial gifts inoperative.
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God did not intend for His Church to be built perpetually
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on a shifting foundation of fragmented, spontaneous
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prophecies. He provided the infallible,
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inerrant, completed written word as the permanent foundation for
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the rest of Church history. I think we need to on this
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realization about what the written text actually provides.
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Because someone might hear this grammatical breakdown and feel a
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sense of loss. They might think, well, that
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sounds incredibly dry. We traded the exciting
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miraculous signs, the audible voices, and the spectacular
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miracles for a static book of rules.
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But the sources we are studying highlight how this transition
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points us directly to Christological fulfillment.
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If the written closed Canon is the perfect thing, it is not
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just a dry rule book. It is the comprehensive,
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flawless revelation of Jesus Christ Himself.
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You have to trace how Paul defines wisdom throughout the
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entirety of First Corinthians to see this.
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The world, particularly the Greek culture in Corinth,
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measures wisdom by status, by rhetorical skill, by
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philosophical dominance, and by visible success.
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But Paul states plainly in chapter one that Christ
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crucified is the wisdom of God. The gospel overturns all the
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worldly criteria. True wisdom is not discovered by
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human reason. Climbing upward.
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It is not found in an ecstatic trance in a Pagan temple.
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It is revealed by God and centered entirely in the
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crucified and risen Christ. So the completed Canon is the
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perfect unflawed revelation of that true wisdom.
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It gives us Christ completely. The writer of Hebrews makes this
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very point in the majestic opening verses of his letter
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Hebrews chapter 1, verses 1 and 2.
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He writes long ago, at many times and in many ways, God
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spoke to our fathers by the prophets, but in these last days
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He has spoken to us by His Son. Jesus is the final word.
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The Saints who lived under the Old Covenant had shadows, types,
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and localized prophecies. The early church in the book of
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Acts had partial prophecies and words of knowledge to lay the
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structural foundation. But we, living after the close
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of the Canon, have the complete final written testimony of the
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Sun. Which is why demanding new
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prophecies or demanding the gift of tongues today is such a
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severe theological error. Our sources frame this very
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strongly, and rightly so. To demand new revelation is to
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imply that the 66 books of the closed Canon are insufficient
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for the believer. It is an insult to the majesty
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of the Savior to look at His completed, perfectly preserved
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written word and say, that is not enough for me.
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I need something more. I need an audible voice.
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The entire closed Canon is Christological in its focus.
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It perfectly displays the unsearchable riches of Christ.
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When you grasp the magnitude of that, you realize that the
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cessation of the sign gifts is not a loss of spiritual vitality
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at all. It is the glorious triumph of
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biblical sufficiency that demands a response from us
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today. What does all of this 1st
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century history, this detailed Greek grammar?
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What does it mean for you as you listen to this right now?
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Because we are not just doing a historical autopsy here.
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We are not just cataloguing ancient Greek verbs for academic
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trivia. This has massive practical
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implications for how we view modern evangelicalism and how we
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conduct our own spiritual lives. It absolutely does.
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The application of this text is a direct, unavoidable
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confrontation with the that runs rampant in the modern church.
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It calls us to explicitly reject the claims of the charismatic
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movement, the prosperity gospel, and this pervasive, highly
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subjective God told me culture. You hear it all the time in
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modern Christian circles, people claiming God gave them a
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specific audible word about taking a new job, entering a
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relationship, or making a church decision.
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But if we understand First Corinthians 13 correctly, those
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claims are dangerous counterfeits.
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They bypass the supreme authority of the closed Canon,
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and worse, they bind the consciences of other believers
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with subjective feelings. The world insists that you need
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an emotional high or a mystical whisper in the dark to know God
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is real. But Christ prayed in John 17.
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Sanctify them in the truth. Your word is truth.
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The truth is objective and it is written down.
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Think about the God told me culture through this analogy.
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Oh, the restaurant analogy? Yes, let us look at that.
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Claiming God told me for personal decision is like going
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to a wood renowned master chef's restaurant.
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You sit down and the chef brings out this magnificent, perfectly
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prepared meal just for you. But instead of eating it, you
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push it aside and you reach into your pocket and you pull out a
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squished, stale sandwich you made three days ago.
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And you eat that instead. It is absurd.
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You are ignoring the Feast of the Written Word in favor of a
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subjective, highly fallible feeling.
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Here's another way to picture it.
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Imagine you were trying to walk through a dense, highly
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dangerous pitch Black Forest at night.
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Someone offers you a method to find your way.
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They tell you to rely on momentary lightning flashes.
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Every once in a while a bolt of lightning strikes, and for a
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fraction of a second the forest is illuminated.
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You get a fragmented, momentary glimpse of the trees around you,
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but it is disorienting, unpredictable and entirely out
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of your control. You cannot plan a safe route
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based on lightning flashes. Now imagine someone hands you a
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high definition, incredibly detailed topographical map of
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the entire forest, along with a bright, steady flashlight.
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The map shows every elevation change, every hazard, and the
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exact path to safety. That is the difference between
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seeking subjective mystical impressions and relying on the
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closed cannon. We do not need unpredictable
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lightning flashes when God has handed us the perfect permanent
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topographical map of Scripture. To demand the lightning flash is
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to throw away the map. That analogy illustrates the
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danger of prioritizing experience over the text.
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Claiming private revelation elevates our fallible human
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intuition above the infallible, unchanging text.
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But there is a tremendously positive application here as
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well. The cessation of the sign gifts
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points us to the beauty of God's appointed methods for growth,
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what theologians call the ordinary means of grace.
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Let us make sure we define that clearly for the listener.
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When we talk about the ordinary means of grace, we are talking
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about the designated, unflashy, everyday methods God has
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promised to use to strengthen our faith.
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True spiritual maturity is not found in chasing an emotional
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high at a weekend conference or seeking A spectacular,
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inexplicable sign. It is found in the rigorous
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discipline study of the written text.
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It is found in sitting under the faithful expository preaching of
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the word week after week. It is found in disciplined
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prayer and in participating in the ordinances of the local
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church like baptism and the Lord's Supper.
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God uses these ordinary, regular, unmiraculous practices
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to conform us to the image of Christ.
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The Corinthians wanted the spectacular because it fed their
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pride. God gave us the ordinary because
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it requires faith and builds genuine humility.
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It is about trusting that God knows precisely what we need.
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We do not need to invent new ways to hear from Him.
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We do not need to try and recreate the scaffolding of the
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1st century. We need to live faithfully
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inside the beautiful finished building that has already been
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constructed by the apostles and prophets.
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The miraculous gifts were temporary tools for a church in
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a massive historical transition. They were sovereignly, actively
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replaced by the perfect, completed, written Word of God.
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And that reality leaves us with a final thought, something that
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should challenge every single one of us regarding our daily
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relationship with the Bible. Consider this scenario for a
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moment. If we truly believed that
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reading the closed Canon of Scripture carries the exact same
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weight, authority, and divine reality as God parting the
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clouds and speaking to us audibly right this second, how
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differently would we treat our daily reading tomorrow morning?
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That is the question we will leave you to ponder as you look
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at your own Bible. Today.
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We want to thank you for joining us for this deep dive on
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Reformed thinking.