Latest / Becker’s Healthcare Podcast / Crystal Broj, CPDHTS, Enterprise Chief Digital Transformation Officer, Medical University of South Carolina
Transcript
- 0:02- Every health system executive right now is being
- 0:04- asked to do something that has no useful
- 0:06- precedent,
- 0:07- make durable technology decisions in an environment that
- 0:10- looks meaningfully different every six months.
- 0:13- The pace isn't slowing,
- 0:14- the vendor landscape isn't getting simpler, and the
- 0:17- cost of missteps
- 0:18- keeps rising.
- 0:19- Becker's eleventh annual IT and Revenue Cycle Conference,
- 0:23- The Future of AI and Digital Health, exists
- 0:25- for exactly this challenge.
- 0:27- Here, you'll find more than 2,500 executive level
- 0:30- attendees,
- 0:31- 600 plus speakers, and four days of sessions
- 0:34- built around the questions leaders are actually wrestling
- 0:36- with.
- 0:37- How to scale AI responsibly,
- 0:39- how to protect increasingly complex systems,
- 0:42- how to wring more performance out of the
- 0:44- revenue cycle, and how to make tech investments
- 0:46- that hold up over time.
- 0:48- Join us September fourteenth through the seventeenth at
- 0:51- the Hilton Chicago.
- 0:53- You can register on our events page at
- 0:55- beckershospitalreview.com
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- 0:59- upper right.
- 1:00- This is Laura Dirda with the Becker's Healthcare
- 1:03- podcast. I'm thrilled today to be joined by
- 1:05- Crystal Broy,
- 1:06- enterprise chief digital transformation officer at Medical University
- 1:09- of South Carolina. Crystal, it's a pleasure to
- 1:11- have you on the podcast today.
- 1:13- I'm excited to talk to you. Always a
- 1:15- pleasure.
- 1:15- Excellent. And, you know, I'm excited for our
- 1:19- conversation
- 1:19- because,
- 1:21- really, you know, you're doing some very innovative
- 1:23- things at Medical University of South Carolina.
- 1:25- It's cool to hear about everything that is
- 1:27- going on with technology, AI, virtual care, and
- 1:30- more. But then, you know, I'm excited to
- 1:32- get your perspective on the future as well.
- 1:34- But before we dig in, can you tell
- 1:35- us a little bit more about yourself and
- 1:37- MUSC?
- 1:38- Yeah. Absolutely. I'm, going on year four by
- 1:41- the time, we get to conference this year.
- 1:44- And I lead digital transformation across the health
- 1:46- system, university, and research enterprise.
- 1:48- My team focuses on transforming health care through
- 1:50- innovative digital tools that improve access, reduce friction,
- 1:54- and create a better experience for both our
- 1:56- patient and care teams.
- 1:58- Our work kinda goes through AI and automation,
- 2:02- voice and chat
- 2:03- technologies, a lot of digital patient access and
- 2:06- smart scheduling,
- 2:07- some workflow redesign, care gap outreach.
- 2:11- We're all trying to hit our mission.
- 2:13- You and I talked about this before. Our
- 2:15- broader mission is really ambitious. We wanna become
- 2:18- one of the top 20 health systems in
- 2:20- the country, and we wanna help South Carolina
- 2:22- become the top 20 state in health outcomes.
- 2:25- And we consider digital transformation as an enabler
- 2:28- for that.
- 2:29- I love that. I think it's so important
- 2:31- to be able to have that mission,
- 2:34- in a really big mission, but one that's
- 2:36- so important and imperative for the health of
- 2:38- your community.
- 2:39- Now could you tell me a little bit
- 2:41- more from your perspective, what are some of
- 2:43- the most powerful forces that are shaping digital
- 2:45- health and IT,
- 2:47- within MUSC?
- 2:48- How do you anticipate those will continue evolving,
- 2:51- and what are you seeing today?
- 2:53- I think that's a great question. I think
- 2:55- the biggest force is,
- 2:57- a shift from isolated digital tools into connected
- 3:01- enterprise wide platforms.
- 3:03- I think we're starting to look at
- 3:05- what instead of what technology should we buy,
- 3:07- but how do we orchestrate workflows, data,
- 3:10- AI, and human teams to work together and
- 3:13- make that really seamless. And I think there's,
- 3:15- like, three things that help us do that
- 3:16- right now. AI is really moving
- 3:20- from experimentation
- 3:21- to where we're starting to operationalize where we
- 3:23- can.
- 3:24- Last year, it was a lot of pilots.
- 3:26- People were trying things out, seeing what they
- 3:28- could do, what was available.
- 3:30- This year, we're really focusing on governance, scaling,
- 3:34- and, making sure we have measurable ROI.
- 3:37- And with that comes a lot of workforce
- 3:39- or workflow
- 3:40- redesign,
- 3:41- because you can't put AI and just go,
- 3:43- here, we'll have AI, and that'll do it.
- 3:46- We're just gonna implement AI. You have to
- 3:47- look at the workflow and go, where can
- 3:50- we put AI in in order to make
- 3:51- it better?
- 3:53- And so that workflow redesign really becomes important.
- 3:56- I think leaders are no longer asking, should
- 3:58- we use AI? I think they're looking going,
- 4:00- where does it fit? Where what problem can
- 4:03- it solve for us? And then how do
- 4:05- we govern it? Who are we gonna let
- 4:06- use the AI? What data are they gonna
- 4:08- get to?
- 4:09- And so on. So that's, like, the first
- 4:11- area that we're we're thinking about. The second
- 4:13- one is is always the consumer. Right? Our
- 4:16- patients, but more than that, they are consumers
- 4:18- because they have a choice of where they
- 4:19- go for health care.
- 4:21- And their expectations are getting really high. Patients
- 4:23- expect health care to feel like retail, banking,
- 4:26- travel. I mean, you don't call it digital
- 4:29- banking anymore. You just bank and you, you
- 4:31- know, deposit checks and move money around on
- 4:34- your phone. You don't have to go to
- 4:35- the bank anymore.
- 4:36- You Amazon everything,
- 4:39- and it's very easy to use. We want,
- 4:41- health care to be the same way. We
- 4:42- want twenty four seven access. We want self-service.
- 4:45- We want transparency into what it's gonna cost
- 4:47- or how I can get my appointment or
- 4:49- how long it's gonna take. And it has
- 4:51- to be digital. You know, I wanna be
- 4:52- able to do it at 10:00 at night
- 4:53- because that's when I have time to do
- 4:55- that.
- 4:56- And so what we're doing is we're really
- 4:57- focused on reducing the friction in that patient
- 5:00- journey and meeting patients where they are. Some
- 5:02- patients will go to the website and wanna
- 5:04- schedule. Some patients will wanna go into MyChart.
- 5:07- Some patients will wanna call a patient access
- 5:09- center.
- 5:10- All of those are absolutely okay. We're serving
- 5:13- patients in all of those ways.
- 5:15- And there are still those patients that wanna
- 5:17- talk to a real live human being, and,
- 5:19- we're obviously gonna still have that too.
- 5:22- And with that, then we have to think
- 5:23- about our workforce
- 5:25- and, making sure that they aren't burnt out
- 5:27- by the work that they have, whether they're
- 5:29- a provider or they're our customer service specialists,
- 5:32- because burnout still remains real.
- 5:35- And what we have to do is look
- 5:36- at AI and automation as ways
- 5:39- to be support tools and not things that
- 5:41- we're adding on that make things harder. We
- 5:43- really want the AI to reduce repetitive work,
- 5:46- improve throughput,
- 5:48- and help our staff focus on doing those
- 5:50- things that only humans can do. And that's
- 5:53- that's really the important part of AI is
- 5:55- making AI
- 5:57- do the hard work so that humans can
- 5:58- do what only humans do.
- 6:00- Looking ahead, I think we'll see a lot
- 6:02- more AI agents sort of embedded directly into
- 6:04- our workflows.
- 6:06- We are very much looking at trying to
- 6:08- consolidate
- 6:09- the number of platforms that we have. We're
- 6:12- looking at governance right now. As we start
- 6:14- looking at things like Microsoft Copilot, which we're
- 6:16- giving to everyone in our organization and giving
- 6:18- them the opportunity to build things on their
- 6:20- own, How do we govern that? How are
- 6:22- we gonna, you know, make sure that we
- 6:24- don't create the same agent 20 different times
- 6:26- and let people know that, you know, there
- 6:28- is a blah blah blah agent so that
- 6:29- they can use it
- 6:31- and more scrutiny around,
- 6:33- those measurable outcomes. Our department specifically
- 6:36- focuses
- 6:37- on working on things that provide a true
- 6:39- ROI,
- 6:40- and not just technology for technology's sake. So
- 6:42- I think that's gonna become more and more
- 6:44- important as we move forward.
- 6:47- I love that. I I think it's so
- 6:48- critical, as you mentioned, to have the technology,
- 6:51- but then also to have the people in
- 6:52- the workforce understanding how to use it and
- 6:54- integrate it, and then,
- 6:56- smartly,
- 6:57- sharing those tools and knowledge and information so
- 7:00- you're operating in the most
- 7:03- best way possible. And, you know, I'm I'm
- 7:05- curious as you started making this transition,
- 7:08- not only to think about, hey. How is
- 7:10- AI, really powering our our workforce and,
- 7:13- helping us do what we need to do
- 7:15- better? But then thinking about that consumer experience
- 7:18- and looking at ways that you can really
- 7:21- optimize what you're doing. Obviously, being able to
- 7:23- create,
- 7:24- appointments and and being more independent as patients,
- 7:28- can make a big difference. But is there
- 7:29- any other ways that you're really seeing patient
- 7:32- expectations and consumer behavior,
- 7:34- shape the way that you're trying to think
- 7:36- about technology within the health care system?
- 7:39- I think we really, I mean, we're very
- 7:42- focused because it we serve all of South
- 7:44- Carolina. So
- 7:46- it's both, you know,
- 7:47- Charleston, which is very urban, and then we
- 7:49- have rural across the state. And we're trying
- 7:52- to make sure that we can meet patients
- 7:53- where we are. And I think that's a
- 7:55- that's a consistent flow
- 7:56- across not just technology, be it as a
- 7:59- health system in general. You know? We know
- 8:01- that care is best local,
- 8:03- and so, you know, while we have a,
- 8:05- you know, a world renowned medical center here
- 8:07- in Charleston,
- 8:08- we also wanna make sure that that is
- 8:10- carried across the state and that you don't
- 8:12- have to travel three hours to get that
- 8:13- care if at all possible.
- 8:15- And so we're using technology to help do
- 8:18- that, whether it's through a teleconference,
- 8:21- or through video visits
- 8:23- or,
- 8:24- allowing our patients to access
- 8:26- care virtually.
- 8:28- Those are those are some of the things
- 8:29- that we're making sure we do. And to
- 8:32- have the ability to
- 8:34- interact with our website twenty four seven and
- 8:36- schedule appointments.
- 8:38- If you think about the mom who has
- 8:40- a sick child and wants to get in
- 8:41- the next day, to be able to scroll
- 8:43- on on the website and look at, you
- 8:46- know, when are there appointments available and see
- 8:48- that true transparency of when there is an
- 8:50- appointment,
- 8:51- is is very important.
- 8:53- Absolutely. That makes a ton of sense. You
- 8:55- know? And it's just such a great example
- 8:57- of how you can create better health care
- 9:00- for the community and and then,
- 9:02- see the patient expectations,
- 9:04- met as well.
- 9:06- Now can you tell us about a big
- 9:07- swing that you took in the last year
- 9:09- that actually paid off? What did you do
- 9:10- and what were the results?
- 9:13- One of the things I'm most proud of
- 9:14- is,
- 9:15- scaling,
- 9:16- our voice AI
- 9:18- and automation across not just patient access, but
- 9:21- our operational workflows.
- 9:23- Two years ago,
- 9:25- conversational AI in in health care was really
- 9:27- experimental,
- 9:29- but we started with a very small pilot
- 9:31- of having
- 9:32- a voice bot answered phones in our patient
- 9:35- access center. We just did it on four
- 9:37- lines. And, since then, we've,
- 9:40- operationalized it across
- 9:42- I think we're over a 100 lines in
- 9:43- various areas.
- 9:45- With that, hundreds of thousands of patient calls
- 9:48- are handled monthly.
- 9:49- There's significant
- 9:51- call deflection and containment, which means that the
- 9:53- bot answers about 25%
- 9:56- of our calls
- 9:57- without ever having to have a human.
- 9:59- She's available twenty four seven. She speaks Spanish.
- 10:02- Her name's Emily.
- 10:03- And so with that, the like I said
- 10:06- before, the humans actually get to do the
- 10:08- harder human things.
- 10:09- Emily will will answer and speak to you
- 10:11- just in natural language. Hi. I'm Emily. I'm
- 10:13- your digital assistant. How can I help you?
- 10:15- And I can say, I need to cancel
- 10:17- my appointment for tomorrow, or I need to
- 10:19- check and see which doctor I'm seeing tomorrow,
- 10:22- or where do I park tomorrow.
- 10:24- She answers much faster.
- 10:26- The faster speed to answer is something that
- 10:28- patients really appreciate.
- 10:30- Patients are abandoning
- 10:32- phone calls less because they're actually getting their
- 10:34- answers. We have great patient satisfaction.
- 10:36- Our Press Ganey scores have been moved up.
- 10:40- And the being a bill the ability to
- 10:41- contact your provider,
- 10:44- and we've created a capacity of dozens of
- 10:46- staff members. I think if you figure a
- 10:48- phone call takes three to five minutes, we
- 10:51- have created about 30 FTEs worth of time
- 10:53- in the past year
- 10:55- so that they can focus on other things.
- 10:57- People aren't losing their jobs. They're actually getting
- 10:59- to do more and more work. And and
- 11:01- the type of work they really wanna do,
- 11:02- they wanna help people. They don't wanna have
- 11:04- to answer the road calls. Right?
- 11:07- We expanded that pass past,
- 11:10- the patient access center to our revenue cycle
- 11:13- access center, to our pharmacy,
- 11:15- and we are now, which I'm really excited
- 11:17- about, moving it to facilities management so that
- 11:20- you can call and leave a ticket on
- 11:22- the voice
- 11:23- spot, and she will be able to say
- 11:25- this light is out or a water main
- 11:26- broke or this kind of stuff happened. And
- 11:28- she can triage and actually then send it
- 11:30- to the right person very quickly. And then
- 11:32- we're gonna have her, both as a chatbot
- 11:35- and then eventually a voicebot, help with HR
- 11:37- issues. So it'll be total back of the
- 11:39- house just for our care team members. So
- 11:41- so I'm very excited about that. Another area
- 11:43- we have been working on for two years
- 11:45- is just automation and outreach. We have digital
- 11:48- workflows for
- 11:50- preregistration,
- 11:51- for reminders,
- 11:52- for care gap outreach.
- 11:54- And and one of the ones that I
- 11:56- always talk about is our mammogram outreach campaigns,
- 11:59- which, helped reconnect patients to preventative care
- 12:02- and, actually identified abnormal findings for patients that
- 12:06- may not have, had the care they needed
- 12:08- and it might have been delayed.
- 12:10- But, you know, that those kind of successes
- 12:12- don't happen just because we put in technology.
- 12:15- It's not technology. It's the getting all the
- 12:18- stakeholders together in a room, making sure things
- 12:20- work together,
- 12:22- talking about the change management,
- 12:24- making sure the operations are aligned so that
- 12:26- we can do these things, and then making
- 12:28- sure that we identify the KPIs upfront to
- 12:31- make sure that we're actually making a difference
- 12:32- at the end.
- 12:33- I think those are the things that are
- 12:35- really important.
- 12:36- I love that. And, you know, it's really
- 12:38- cool to have that opportunity, as you mentioned,
- 12:41- to work with some of those voice technologies
- 12:43- and really see, patient satisfaction increase as well
- 12:47- as, you know, the the provider's
- 12:49- satisfaction too. And I I love,
- 12:51- you know, the success all the way around.
- 12:53- And so,
- 12:54- from your perspective,
- 12:56- where do you see some of the, future
- 12:58- going? What are some of the important problems
- 13:00- that you're trying to solve next when you
- 13:01- think about AI and technology?
- 13:04- I think it's a it's a problem that
- 13:06- that my friends across the country are working
- 13:07- with, and that is to reduce friction for
- 13:09- both our patients and our care teams. Right?
- 13:12- Health care is complex. It's not getting any
- 13:15- easier. We've got too many clicks, too many
- 13:17- handoffs, too many disconnected systems,
- 13:20- and, it's very confusing for patients and it's
- 13:23- very frustrating for providers.
- 13:25- Think about a referral, for example. I say,
- 13:27- Laura, you should go see doctor Smith, and
- 13:30- it's on your, you know,
- 13:32- after visit summary.
- 13:33- If I don't connect you to that doctor,
- 13:35- if I don't get that appointment scheduled, you
- 13:37- may be put in a queue and we
- 13:38- have to wait for the patient access center
- 13:40- to call you, but you work during the
- 13:41- day like all of us do. So you
- 13:43- don't get that call, and then you play
- 13:44- phone tag and you don't get your appointment
- 13:46- scheduled. And that's just really frustrating on both
- 13:49- sides because then the provider doesn't know if
- 13:51- actually you got that appointment.
- 13:53- And so we're focusing on for patients to
- 13:55- make it easier access, easier scheduling, easier communication,
- 13:59- Just make it easier to navigate through the
- 14:01- health system because it's hard, and we wanna
- 14:04- try to make it as easy as possible.
- 14:06- But for
- 14:07- the same thing, we have to look at
- 14:08- our staff and our providers to make sure
- 14:10- that we're reducing their repetitive tasks, streamlining their
- 14:13- workflows,
- 14:14- surfacing the right information at the right time
- 14:16- that can make a difference. And I think
- 14:18- that's where we'll see AI help a lot.
- 14:21- And with that, then that helps teams really
- 14:22- work at the top of their license.
- 14:25- So we look at how AI can do
- 14:27- that, both for, you know, the day to
- 14:29- day tasks, but also in a population health
- 14:31- at scale.
- 14:32- So they can help care managers,
- 14:35- prioritize our outreaches, help our risk,
- 14:38- personalized engagement,
- 14:39- and, really extend the reach of our clinical
- 14:42- team. So I'm really excited to see where
- 14:44- where AI can help us with that in
- 14:46- a population health setting.
- 14:48- But, again, you know, we have to look
- 14:50- at those workflows and see what they are
- 14:51- today because you can't automate a broken workflow.
- 14:53- You're just gonna make it worse.
- 14:56- And technology only succeeds when we pair it
- 14:58- with
- 14:59- operational redesign and then really strong governance. Right?
- 15:03- Absolutely. I mean, you make it sound so
- 15:05- easy, Crystal.
- 15:06- I know it's not Believe me, it is
- 15:07- not, Laura. It is not easy.
- 15:10- I'm senior. Just Me and my department, it's
- 15:12- all senior leaders. It's IS.
- 15:15- We all have to work together on that
- 15:16- to make to make it successful. So it's
- 15:19- definitely a a team sport.
- 15:22- Absolutely. And, you know, I think to your
- 15:24- point, looking at the processes around health care
- 15:27- right now, it can be such a challenge.
- 15:29- A lot of complexity, a lot of different
- 15:31- moving parts that are coming together. Now with
- 15:33- the technology, finally, many organizations have the ability
- 15:36- to be more coordinated,
- 15:38- and to share information more,
- 15:40- rapidly and strategically.
- 15:42- I'm curious. From your perspective, when you're bringing
- 15:45- in technology, what does it take from the
- 15:47- human side to actually
- 15:48- make the changes and and adopt the technology,
- 15:51- so it works the way it's supposed to?
- 15:53- Is that something you're still working through at
- 15:55- the organizational level? Or,
- 15:58- what if you found works well and and
- 15:59- what doesn't?
- 16:00- Well, I think it's really important to to
- 16:03- have a problem to solve before you bring
- 16:04- technology in.
- 16:06- And and to really look at that workflow,
- 16:08- go what what's the problem? Sometimes it's just
- 16:10- the initial system isn't set up right or
- 16:13- it isn't moving work through the way you
- 16:15- need to. So putting AI on top of
- 16:17- that is not the answer. It is actually
- 16:18- changing the underlying system, and you don't need
- 16:20- to layer AI on top of that. So
- 16:22- I think the the big thing that that
- 16:24- we often do is sit down and and
- 16:26- really analyze the problem at hand. You're never
- 16:28- just gonna buy technology for technology's sake anymore.
- 16:31- It's just too expensive,
- 16:33- and it takes too long to integrate. So
- 16:34- you really have to know what you're expecting
- 16:36- it to do and how you're gonna do
- 16:38- it. And then, you know, make sure that
- 16:40- that everybody knows what's happening all the way
- 16:42- along the way so that you're not just
- 16:44- going, okay. Here's a tool. See you later.
- 16:47- Instead, you're, you know, making sure that they're
- 16:48- involved, that they understand, that the workflow works
- 16:51- with the technology. Because if people are given
- 16:53- a tool and it doesn't fit into their
- 16:56- day to day, it's never going to be
- 16:58- adopted and used, and you're not gonna see
- 17:00- the value of it. And it's just gonna
- 17:01- become a big hassle for everybody.
- 17:04- That makes a ton of sense. And and
- 17:06- I really appreciate the focus there on just
- 17:08- getting that alignment and and making sure you're
- 17:10- starting with the problem.
- 17:12- Before we wrap up here, I wanted to
- 17:14- know what are you most curious about for
- 17:16- the future? What are you really looking forward
- 17:19- to learning more about and, do you anticipate
- 17:21- will be more front and center as time
- 17:24- goes on?
- 17:26- I think,
- 17:27- the the rise of AI agents and I
- 17:30- think, you know, we often talk about how,
- 17:33- eventually,
- 17:33- the agents in the department are gonna be
- 17:35- listed on the org chart. I have a
- 17:37- scheduling agent. I have a this. I have
- 17:39- a that because they're doing so much of
- 17:41- the work for us,
- 17:43- but it has to be really seamless.
- 17:46- I don't wanna have to go
- 17:47- into the scheduling agent and then into
- 17:51- the the workday agent and then into the
- 17:53- this agent and that agent. I I want
- 17:55- them to be able to all talk together
- 17:57- so I don't have to repeat myself much
- 17:59- like I'd like my staff to work together
- 18:00- so I don't have to repeat myself.
- 18:02- So and I think that, you know, there's
- 18:04- a lot of tools that are coming along
- 18:05- the way. Personally, I even use voice agents
- 18:08- that then convert things to text that then
- 18:10- actually help me plan my day for the
- 18:12- next day. So having that same thing in
- 18:15- a provider's hand or in a back office
- 18:17- hand where we connect voice agents and documentation
- 18:21- and, you know, intelligent workflow routing is something
- 18:24- that I think is gonna
- 18:26- over the next year or two, we're gonna
- 18:27- see those things talking to each other a
- 18:29- lot more. It really is gonna be how
- 18:31- do humans work well with AI.
- 18:34- And, that's the conversation that, in general, we
- 18:37- have to figure out on how we're gonna
- 18:38- do it.
- 18:40- Really curious about how other organizations are gonna
- 18:43- do that and govern it at scale,
- 18:46- with every single tool having AI in it
- 18:48- or will have AI in it,
- 18:50- and the ability to have more and more
- 18:52- of what they consider
- 18:54- citizen builders and being able to write your
- 18:56- own agents.
- 18:57- How do we govern that so that you
- 18:59- and I don't write the same agent? Right?
- 19:01- That's not necessary. I could borrow your agent
- 19:03- if it does the same or adapt your
- 19:04- agent.
- 19:05- How are we gonna make these these global
- 19:08- agent libraries? So I'm like, I wonder if
- 19:11- I could have something that did this, and
- 19:13- it could just be there, and I could
- 19:14- borrow it instead of having to start from
- 19:16- scratch.
- 19:18- But it's really the the human centered leadership
- 19:20- and how do we lead and show people
- 19:22- how to use AI in a safe, effective
- 19:24- way and really be thoughtful about the AI
- 19:27- adoption.
- 19:28- Because I think the organizations that do this
- 19:31- well are really gonna define
- 19:33- what the health care of future
- 19:35- future health care delivery is gonna be like.
- 19:38- I love that. Crystal, thank you so much
- 19:39- for joining us on the podcast today. This
- 19:41- has been such a a fun conversation. A
- 19:43- lot of innovative things we talked about today,
- 19:46- and I am excited as well to see
- 19:48- you at our health IT and revenue cycle
- 19:50- conference coming up in September. We'll be speaking
- 19:53- there. I'm sure a lot of these things
- 19:55- we talked about will be digging deeper into
- 19:57- and,
- 19:58- really
- 19:59- having those themes front and center, to continue
- 20:02- the discussion and continue advancing what's gonna be
- 20:04- possible
- 20:05- with technology and health care today. So I'm
- 20:07- very excited, and and thank you so much
- 20:09- for your time.
- 20:10- Thank you, Laurel. See you in September.