Latest / The Story of Italy: Rome, Renaissance, and the Birth of Modern Europe — Fexingo History
The Lombard League: How Italian Cities Defeated an Emperor
In 1176, the armies of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa lay shattered at Legnano, defeated by an alliance of northern Italian communes called the Lombard League. This episode tells the story of how merchants, bankers, and artisans of cities like Milan, Bologna, and Verona united to resist imperial domination. We explore the political and economic rise of the communes, the key figure of Pope Alexander III who supported them, the dramatic Battle of Legnano where the Carroccio standard became a symbol of freedom, and the Peace of Constance in 1183 that granted the cities de facto…
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