Transcript

4.12.25 · Washington Post

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Speaker 1: Welcome to the reading of the Washington Post for Saturday,
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April twelfth of twenty twenty five. Your reader is Alice Stayner,
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and I will remind you that RADIOI is reading service
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for those blind with disabilities in holding or reading printed material.
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So I'll start with the good old front page of
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the Washington Post and on the far left an article
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entitled DOJ skirts deadline on status of deportee agency says
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it needs more time. District Judge now orders daily updates
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by Steve Thompson, Kate Mettler, and Victoria Bisit.
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Speaker 2: In the middle.
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Speaker 1: Is a picture of a sea of truly green grass
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above what looks like a diamond fortress. It's four corners
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with triangular shapes at the end of the corner or
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diamond shapes in a fortress in the middle surrounded by
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dark green forest and its Brazil's Principeita Beta Royal Fortress.
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And beyond it is the village populated by descendants of
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the enslaved Africans who built the fort and you can
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see a more modern looking village in the background before
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the forest. In the mountains, scientists X range the Amazon
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unlock lost human history a colony around in eighteenth century
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Portuguese fort had vanished, then Lidar came along by Terence
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McCoy in Brazil. And to the right of that picture
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and article above the fold is painful divorce for US
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China economic growth may slow to crawl. Taxes to daunt
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American consumers and businesses.
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Speaker 2: By David Lynch below the fold.
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Speaker 1: On the left, analysis contradicts IDF on Gaza, medics, deaths.
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Israel cites self defense video audio offer a more disturbing narrative.
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Speaker 2: The article is by Miriam Berger.
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Speaker 1: The love Tech Emma gen Pipa Hasim Vyeska, Hara Harb
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and Abby Chitman, and I will read those more properly
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when I get to the article. A more combative Catholic
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as he cites his highlights his faith fans, also exposes
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fissures within the church Peter Jamison. And there's a picture
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of the Vice president in jeans and boots with his
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daughter Mirabelle and son Vivella during a visit to Notre
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Dame Cathedral in Paris on February twelfth.
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Speaker 2: And then on the.
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Speaker 1: Right, Trump's base ready to endure tariff cost by Hannah Knowles.
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Speaker 2: I'm going to start.
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Speaker 1: With the Amazon article because it's fascinating and it's non
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political and something very interesting. Scientists are x raying the Amazon,
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unlocking a lost human history. And it comes up with
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a picture of a stone entrance covered by greenery and
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a small door entering and it's the ruins of the
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eighteenth century Portuguese village that surrounded the Principe de Beata
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Royal Forest. The article by Terence McCoy, Raphael Vailila, Julia
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Ladour and Yuato chen and McCoy, A Rio Dejaneiro Bureau,
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treef and Valila, a journalist photojournalist, drove to the Brazil
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Bolivia Bora, then trekked through dense forests to reach the ruins. Ladueu,
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a graphics reporter, mapped the discoveries and animated a liedar
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video to illustrate the process from Costa Marque, Brazil. As
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the storm approached, the men hacked deeper into the forest,
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searching for clues that might unravel a century old mystery.
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Speaker 2: We need to go fifty meters.
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Speaker 1: Ahead, archaeologist Carlos Zimpelnetto said one morning in late January,
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looking down at his tablet, ignoring the booms of thunder,
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then a little to the left, and then a little
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to the right. He put down the tablet. Tablet and
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mosquitoes in pursuit plunged deeper into the grip of a
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remote jungle that had once yielded one of the Amazon's
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most remarkable archaeological discoveries, a vast Portuguese military fortress rising
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above the Guapeau River. The nineteen thirteen sighting of the fortress,
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which had been abandoned by Portugal and lost to the forest,
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bagged a question that historians and archaeologists have struggled to answer,
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since where was the rest. Contemporaneous maps and historical records
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showed the eighteenth century Portuguese colony, which at its height
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sheltered at least one thousand people, had extended far beyond
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the fortress. There was supposed to have been a city
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named Lamego, military villas and churches, but the thick vegetation
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here along Brazil's border with Bolivia, had concealed it all
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until now. Using a laser technology known as laidar, Zimple
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and his team have rediscovered the lost Portuguese colony, finding
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an intricate urban system of canals roads and military fortifications,
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and the remains of stone structures. The breakthrough, announced in
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October was the latest example of how LDAR is ushering
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a new era of discovery in the Amazon.
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Speaker 2: The laser sensor, which.
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Speaker 1: Can be mounted on an airplane or drone, have given
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scientists the equivalent of X ray vision, enabling them to
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puncture forests dense canopy like never before and revealed the
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secrets of the world's largest rainforest. The discoveries extend beyond Brazil.
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Scientists have used light AR in Bolivia to reveal traces
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of urbanism that has not previously been described in Amazonia.
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A twenty twenty two Nature article reported including evidence of
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a seventy foot tall pyramids and an elaborate water management system.
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Speaker 2: In Ecuador, light I helped locate.
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Speaker 1: Clusters of monumental platforms, plazas, and streets that revealed Mayan
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settlements in Mexico and Guatemala, according to a study published
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last year in Science. The revelations have upended long stirring
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being theories about the history of the Amazon, where scientists
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had long contended that the soil wasn't rich enough to
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support the kind of complex agrarian societies found elsewhere in
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Latin America. As it turns out, evidence of such development
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was there all along, scientists simply lacked the tools to
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see it. This is the moment of our greatest advance
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and understanding of the forest, said Louise Darado Oliviero e
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Cruz de agar Argauo, a remote sensing researcher at Brazil's
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National Institute for Space Research. Simple, following a digital map
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built from light our imagery, now broke out of the
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forest through the rain. He looked across the clearing where
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the city of La Mago once extended. Most of its
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structures made from clay and palm fronds, had long since disintegrated,
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but there was the broken foundation of a Portuguese church,
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with shards of roofing scattered about. Over there, it's a
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broken ceramic made twelve hundred to two thousand years ago.
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They'd been forged by members of an advanced indigenous society.
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Simple said he believes they were also responsible for large
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circular glyphs in the area, apparent only now through lighter
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analysis that long predated the Portuguese. The circular glyphs in
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the area long predated the Portuguese and are a parent
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now only through the leader analysis. The technology, Simple said
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hadn't just exposed the lost colony, it was also helping
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to rewrite the human history of the forest, pulling the
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tops off the trees. The inscrutability of the Amazon has
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tormented explorers for centuries, driving many to the brink of
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madness or to death. Theodore Roosevelt, who traversed the forest
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depths in the early nineteen hundreds, called it a land
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of unknown possibilities. To British adventurer Percy Fawcett, who disappeared
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in Brazil while hunting for a lost city, the forest
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was the fast great blank space in the world. Lidar,
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short for light detection and ranging, is increasingly filling in
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the blank. Invented in the nineteen sixties and first applied
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in the development of aerospace technologies, lidar measures the distance
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to an object by emitting a laser, then timing how
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long it takes to receive the reflection. When attached to
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a plane or more frequently nowadays are drone, it can
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collect millions of data points to render an extraordinarily precise
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topographical image of the landscape below, achieving in weeks what
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once would have taken a lifetime. Here's how it works,
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and these are along with pictures that are very difficult
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to describe. An airplane, a drone with a lighter sensor
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flies over an area. The sensor measures the distance to
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an object by shooting a laser, then timing how long
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it takes to receive the reflection. The sensor emits so
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many pulses approximately two thousand per square met that some
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filter through the forest canopy, resulting in rich data sets
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that researchers call point clouds. Simulated on a computer, the
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image is multi layered and three dimensional. All scientists have
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to do to analyze the Amazon forest bed is removed
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the canopy. They can then see with clarity what's beneath
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the trees, gaining a vivid glimpse into the past. And
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this one shows roads and circles. It's like we're lifting
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up a rug, said Eduardo Nieves, who directs the Museum
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of Archaeology and ethnis Knowlogy at the University of Saupolo.
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Speaker 2: We give it a little pull.
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Speaker 1: And take a peek at what's below. Over the past
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fifteen years, its advances in technology have lowered cost. Laidar
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has effectively remade modern archaeology, leading to the discovery of
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lost cities from Central America to Southeast Asia, and in
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this remote part of Brazil, where the Portuguese once tried
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to bring both the Amazon and the Spanish to heel
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Zimpol found more than he could ever have imagined exploring
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the labyrinth, and there is a picture of the stones
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and the ruins of the colonial village near the Principe
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de Ballera Royal Fortress. Zemple's journey began in the summer
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of twenty sixteen when he set out on long drive,
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interested in visiting the Principia da Ba Royal Fortress. As
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a tourist. He traveled across the heavily deforested state of
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Rodonia until reaching a preserved patch of jungle at the
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end of the road. There, rising out of impenetrable greenery,
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was the decaying castle. Nearby was a village called the Quilombo,
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populated by the descendants of enslaved Africans. One of its
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inhabitants was Elvis psoa president of the community association and
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a local tour god, who told Zimple the story of
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his people.
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Speaker 2: In the seventeen hundreds.
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Speaker 1: As tensions mounted between the Portuguese and Spanish over who
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we controlled the region, Portugal built its largest colonial fortress
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to complete the job. He said, thousands of enslaved Africans
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were shipped by a riverboat from the distant coast. There's
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a picture of Carlo Simplonettau in front of the small
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doorway I described, and a picture of Santiago Pasoa, thirty two,
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had led the Columbo's archaeology efforts since the death of
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his brother Elvis. We need to preserve these ruins, he says,
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to show that this is our history here. When the
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colonial powers finally settled their territorial dispute, the military outpost
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lost its strategic importance. The Portuguese, undoubtedly spending fortune to
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maintain the colony, abandoned both the fortress and the slaves
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who built it. As the Pea chatted, Zimple mentioned that
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he was a professor of archaeology at the Federal University
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of Rodonia. This caught the attention of Pasoa, who said
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there were other structures hidden in the forest, grouped around
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a peculiar site that locals call the labyrinth. Did the
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professor want to have a look. Zimple was dubious at first,
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but out in the forest he came upon sights unlike
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any he'd witnessed in his career. Line after line of
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fifteen foot tall stone walls, a solitary doorway arch, the
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stone foundation of a rectangular structure, and there's a picture
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of them discovering the pieces and looking at shards. Zimple
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began exucavating, first with Pasoa, then Pasoa's brother Santiago, after
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the community leader's death in April of twenty twenty three. Meanwhile,
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he scrutinized maps sketched by the Portuguese and Spanish in
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the middle seventeen hundreds. He started to suspect that what
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he had seen was the lost Portuguese Calmly, but he
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couldn't be sure, not without lidar. In twenty twenty two,
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his archaeology colleagues Navieve, received a substantial grant from the
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National Geographic Society to use the technology to study the forest. Neives,
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coordinator of an academic consordium called Amazon, revealed, wanted to
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explore at least fifty sites. Zimple had one place in
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mind already. The next year, after ten days of flyovers
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he had his answer. The light oar images almost perfectly
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matched the maps from the seventeen hundreds we had found it,
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Zemple said, endangered history. And there is a picture of
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cattle grazing in the deforested area a few medias from
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that archaeological site. As soon as the ruins had been uncovered, though,
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they appeared on the verge of being lost again. The
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Portuguese settlement, like many remnants of the Amazonian antiquity, is
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in what's known as the Ark of Deforestation, a band
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that loops along the south of the rain forest and
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contains much of its destruction. Last summer, as a historic
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number of fires burned through the Amazon, blazing with pelaric
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particular ferocity. In the ark, the forest that buffered the
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ruins went up in flames. The Columbo villages, surrounded by
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cattle ranches and soy plantations, believed the fires were lit
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with criminal intent to clear the land. We never thought
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the fire would get so close, since Nuciolidea d'apaz Pinheiro,
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who became the president of the local association after Elvis
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Pasoa's death. It burned through eighty percent of our forest,
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and there is a picture of Armida Cayaduro Pasoa sixty two,
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one of the matriarchs of the Colombo and mother of
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the late Elvis Pasoa.
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Speaker 2: And then there's the picture.
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Speaker 1: Of Nuclecidea da pazban Hiro thirty seven, who became president
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of the association after Alvis Pasoa's death. Months later, in January,
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Simple went to meet with the Colombo villages. He spoke
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with Pasoa's mother, then treked back into the jungle with
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a sense of urgency. He wanted to see what remained
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of the ruins, but he also wanted to see what
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more he could find. With every additional discovery, he could
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petition the authorities to legally preserve more of the forest
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as an archaeological site. The damage was immense, back and foliage,
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stunted regrowth trees than dirt, but not as bad as
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Simple had feared. He looked down at his tablet and
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analyzed the light our created map, which showed signs of
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historical human activity. Straight ahead, he found a shallow ravine
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that ran in a perfect straight line. Then another short
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distance away beside one was a large stone edifice. It
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was covered in mud and overgrowth, but apparently untouched by fire.
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Zemple took a step back to admire it. This is
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one of the biggest structures we've.
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Speaker 2: Seen, he said.
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Speaker 1: There are so many more hoses out there or out
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here than we thought. As the mosquito swarmed, Zemple consulted
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his map once more and disappeared into the forest. But
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an interesting article. I would like to know more about
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that the next article. Trump's historic China tariff spread pain
20:03
through the US and global economies. Tariff costs are already
20:08
spreading across the United States by David Lynch. President Donald
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Trump's rapid fire trade war has set in motion a
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commercial rupture without precedent, which is rippling through the global
20:22
economy in unpredictable and costly ways. The tripled digit taxes
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that the President has imposed on Chinese products and China's
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retaliatory measures are expected to shrink trade between the world's
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two largest economies from a recent annual peak of nearly
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seven hundred billion dollars to almost nothing. After more than
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a quarter century of a love hate relationship, the United
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States and China on the verge of a commercial divorce.
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Yet some coveted Chinese products will continue finding their way
20:56
to US consumers. Via other nations that face law US
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trade barriers, and even as direct trade shrivels, the US
21:05
will remain dependent on Chinese components that are inside products
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made in countries such as Mexico, Thailand, or Vietnam. We're
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entering a new phase, a broader strategic to coupling between
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their two economies. It's going to be painful. It's going
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to hit both economies. It's going to hit the global economy,
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said Myron Brilliant, a senior counselor a DGA Group of
21:30
Business advisory firm. Many US importers will be unable to
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quickly find alternatives for their Chinese suppliers, leaving them little
21:40
choice but to pay the tariffs. Those extra cost will
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show up in higher prices for consumers over a road
21:46
profits bringing in cutting into hiring and growth. Other companies
21:51
are putting the brakes on operations as tariff pains spreads
21:56
across the United States. Earlier this week, Kim Bradley, chief
22:01
operating officer of Highline United, a footwear maker in Dedam, Massachusetts,
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stopped a twenty foot shipping container full of women's footwear
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as it was about to be loaded aboard a ship
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in a Chinese port rather than pay a sixty thousand
22:18
dollars tariff bill when it arrived in the United States,
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she returned it to her factory in don Guan, China,
22:26
with Chinese goods now facing import taxes of one hundred
22:29
and forty five percent. The projected terraff ex seated the
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value of the shoes inside the container as roughly ten
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times what the company normally pays.
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Speaker 2: It's going to be catastrophic for the industry, she said.
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Speaker 1: I can't imagine that the president is going to let
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this devastation happen. There is no way that a whole
22:50
sealer wholesale with modest profit margins like Highland could absorb
22:55
such a cost. To increase even routine import duties stressed
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the company's cash flow. US customs officials, for example, automatically
23:04
deduct import taxes and other fees from Hallan's bank account
23:09
less than a month after clearing its cargo into the
23:11
United States. Yet it might be two or three months
23:15
before Hollan is paid by its customers. Bradley has paused
23:20
other shipments while hoping for an early trade war resolution.
23:24
So many companies are canceling their Chinese orders that the
23:27
shipping line she uses may not operate its next scheduled
23:31
sailing from the port of Wntaiine on April seventeenth. Like
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most in her industry, Bradly said she has no choice
23:40
but to buy from China. In the past, Hallan has
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experimented with importing some products from Vietnam, but suppliers there
23:48
require larger minimum motors than the more flexible Chinese producers.
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While she endorses the President's stated goal of trade fairness,
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he sees little likelihood that footwear manufacturing could return to
24:03
the United States, as he intends people in the United
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States so want to be making shoes, she said, when
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the company's fate hanging on diplomatic talks that have not
24:16
yet begun. High On last week laid off two longtime employees,
24:22
including one who had worked for the company for eleven years.
24:26
Trump's sky high traffs represent an extinction level event for
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thousands of small companies, said Stephen Lamar, president of the
24:37
American Apparel and Footwear Association. The US China slugfest will
24:43
dent growth in both nations and send shock waves around
24:46
the globe by year end. The US economy, which began
24:51
in twenty twenty five, growing at an annual rate of
24:55
two point four percent, will almost be dead in the water,
25:00
according to economists from both Goldman Sachs and Oxford Economents.
25:05
As China factories continued to hum, Chinese goods that would
25:10
have gone to the US will instead head for Europe
25:12
and other markets, threatening them with the sort of job
25:16
killing shock that battered American workers in the first decade
25:19
of this century. China's retaliation for Trump's tariffs, featuring its
25:25
own levees of one hundred and twenty five percent, will
25:28
make itself felt on American farms and businesses. Commercial aircraft
25:32
make a Boeing has roughly three dozen suppliers in China
25:36
which produce components for every one of its current models.
25:41
Soibean and Crone growers are worried about losing Chinese sales
25:44
after Beijing's announcement Friday that it had raised dibbs tariffs
25:48
in response to Trump's latest move. Chinese mines dominate global
25:54
production and processing of exotic rare earth minerals such as
25:59
gondoli and utrium. Earlier this month, the Chinese government announced
26:06
new export restrictions on seven categories of medium and heavywere earths.
26:13
The share price of GE Healthcare Technologies, which uses the
26:17
Chinese materials. In a contrast, agent for MRIs felt excuse me,
26:24
fourteen percent in one day following the announcement. Within a
26:28
month or two, some US companies may run short of
26:32
magnets needed to produce electric vehicles Elsewhere, consumer electronics companies
26:39
or other manufacturers that have signed long term contracts with
26:43
Chinese suppliers will be under the most pressure. China, for
26:47
the past fifteen years, has exported more laptops, mobile phones,
26:51
and tablets and all other nations combined.
26:54
Speaker 2: According to the Rhodium Group, a New.
26:57
Speaker 1: York based consultancy, US companies could shift their orders to
27:02
Vietnam in India, but adding production capacity there requires twelve
27:07
to twenty four months. According to Chris Rogers, head of
27:11
supply chain research at Standard, in poor global market intelligence,
27:16
opening new plants in other countries would take even longer.
27:20
Trump said Wednesday that he wants to reach a deal
27:22
with China President Jing chimpin to ease tensions. But there's
27:29
a little trust between the two sides after years of
27:34
trade friction and fruitless negotiations.
27:38
Speaker 2: I'm not concerned.
27:40
Speaker 1: I think President she is a very smart guy, and
27:43
I think we'll end up making a very good deal,
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the President told reporters. Rather than a comprehensive agreement Beijing
27:51
in Washington, she tried to rebuild mutual competence through a
27:54
series of incremental improvements. According to two business executives who
27:59
have recently spoken to Chinese officials and spoke on the
28:02
condition of anonimity to discuss private conversations, both sides have
28:08
a reason to favor a deal. On Wall Street stocks
28:12
and bonds lost ground last week, while China's economy is
28:15
struggling amid a hangover from a property bubble. Yet hard
28:20
bargaining lies ahead. Any deal that is going to be
28:25
acceptable to Beijing is going to need to involve a
28:29
substantial rolling back of penalties tariffs, at least to the
28:33
status quo ante of January twentieth, said Scott Kennedy, a
28:38
China specialist at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.
28:44
What their most desirous of is predictability and stability. The
28:50
US China trade war was likely to push the global
28:53
economy parishly close to recession. Assuming Trump's ten percent universal
28:59
terror remains of place and taxes on Chinese goods ultimately
29:03
settle around sixty percent, The conflict will knock about zero
29:08
point four percent off global growth. According to Neil sharing Share,
29:13
chief global economists for Capital Economics in London, The impact
29:19
could be more profound if the trade wore morphs into
29:22
a financial battle. In February, the President ordered his cabinet
29:27
officers to identify ways of preventing US capital from financing
29:32
Chinese technology companies that aid Chinese military and intelligent industries.
29:38
Speaker 2: Among the measures that.
29:39
Speaker 1: The Presidential MOMO proposed evaluating the risks involved in allowing
29:45
Chinese companies such as Alibi, Baba and Berdu to continue
29:50
listing their shares on US stock exchanges. A shift from
29:55
trade to financial conflict would be a material escalation and
29:59
would force markets to price in the possibility of financial decoupling.
30:05
Rory Green, chief China economists for Ts Lombard in London,
30:10
wrote in a research note Friday, the open breach between
30:15
China and Beijing comes after both nations spent years trying
30:18
to reduce their mutual dependence. Under She's dual circulation strategy,
30:24
China has tried to shrink its reliance on foreign inputs.
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Speaker 2: Likewise, both the Biden and.
30:30
Speaker 1: Trump administrations have promoted domestic production rather than rely on
30:35
an adversary like China for critical products such as pharmaceuticals, semiconductors,
30:40
and rare earths. Severing direct trade links with China, however,
30:46
does not mean that the US will no longer be
30:49
vulnerable to Chinese economic coerci Solar panels from Southeast Asia
30:55
contained silicon wafers made in China, and US automatic indirectly
31:00
input four times as much Chinese content as they buy directly,
31:05
according to research presented at a Brookings Institution conference in
31:10
twenty twenty three, we made a couple, but not the risk,
31:15
said economicists Brad Setser of the Council on Foreign Relations.
31:22
You can to eliminate all Chinese content. As attention turns
31:28
to the president's talk of making an unspecified deal with China,
31:33
CEOs mourn the apparent end of decades of mutually profit,
31:37
votable relations. Many companies, including Apple, Tesla, and Starbucks, will
31:43
remain in China to serve Chinese customers. Others have begun
31:47
shifting their supply chains to locations that will face lower
31:52
US trade barriers, no matter what the two leaders managed
31:57
to work out. Later this year, the long period of
32:01
US Chinese commercial cooperation has ended, according to many who
32:05
followed the Transpacific relationship, including Aaron Friedberg, who advised then
32:12
Vice President Dick Cheney in the years after China joined
32:16
the global trade system. We are in a total different
32:20
world and the nature of the economic relationship between the
32:25
US and China is not going to be what it was,
32:30
said Friedburg, a Princeton University professor. Tariff's could cost them,
32:38
They're still standing by Trump. President Donald Trump's tariff roller
32:43
coaster shows the remarkable faith of his base. And there's
32:48
a picture of Kathy McConnell guiding her grandson Thomas, who's
32:52
won up the basement stairs at her home in Philadelphia
32:57
on Wednesday, and on the sofa are two pillows with
33:01
President Donald Trump's picture on them, and a blanket across
33:07
the back of the sofa with different squares of the
33:11
Pennsylvania and Philadelphia area.
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Speaker 2: This is Bhanna Knowles.
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Speaker 1: Kathy McConnell vented abate inflation last fall as she waited
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in line to attend one of Donald Trump's final rallies
33:26
in Pennsylvania. Grocery store prices were ridiculous, she said, and
33:31
she hoped Trump would fix things now. Trump's tariffs threatened
33:35
to raise prices again. The stock market rebounded somewhat this
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week on the news that Trump would pause many levies
33:43
for ninety days, but it's been a wild ride. Mcconnall
33:47
watched her invested pension money drop by eight percent at
33:50
one point and wondered if she might have to delay retirement.
33:55
Speaker 2: She wasn't upset.
33:57
Speaker 1: If this is what it takes to make other countries
34:00
treat us fair, and I'm okay with that, the sixty
34:04
four year old said. Trump's roller coaster terror policy poses
34:08
one of the starkest tests yet of his ability to
34:11
defy political gravity, dividing his allies but also showcasing the
34:17
remarkable faith of his Diehart base. The politician who campaigned
34:22
on lowering prices spent the past week asking Americans to
34:25
accept serious economic pain in the hope of re ordering
34:29
global trade, and many supporters were happy to sacrifice. Even
34:34
before Trump changed course amid financial panic and put many
34:39
tariffs on hold. MAGA influences, who once condemned inflation under
34:45
President Joe Biden, told Americans they could make do with
34:49
less GOP voters once a rate over the cost of
34:54
groceries said they are willing to give Trump a long
34:57
runway to figure things out. The President is still pressing
35:02
ahead with a ten percent universal tariff and has raised
35:06
levies on Chinese imports to one hundred and forty five percent.
35:10
Goldman Sax economists put the chances of a recession at
35:13
forty five percent Wednesday, even after Trump announced he would
35:17
pause or lower his country specific tariffs for scores of
35:22
nations that want to negotiate, but plenty of Trump allies
35:27
hail the president shift this week as a level ploy
35:31
to bring nations to the table, sometimes toting Trump's memoir
35:35
on deal Making, or said they always expected the tariffs
35:38
to be temporary. Despite the Trump team's mixed messages, this
35:44
was brilliantly executed textbook art of the deal, declared Bill Ackman,
35:51
the pro Trump hedge fund billionaire who previously called the
35:54
tariffs a dire mistake. I think it's art of the
35:59
deal on his part, and it's working, echoed David Levine,
36:04
a Republican donor from Texas who recently wrote to Commerce
36:08
Secretary Howard Lutnik with his concerns the initial thirty two
36:13
percent tariff Trump announced on Taiwan was a nightmare for Levin,
36:17
who owns a manufacturing company there. We can't exist with
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thirty two, Levin said. If it took effect for several months,
36:26
he might have to stop production. Yet, Levin doesn't hold
36:30
anything against Trump, who temporarily reduced the tariff to ten percent,
36:35
and he believes the duties won't last. I think we
36:38
all have to look at the goal line and the
36:40
big picture, he said. Trump has championed tariffs throughout his
36:45
political career as a tool to revive American manufacturing, and
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he made no secret of his plans during the twenty
36:51
twenty four campaign. He called for a ten percent baseline
36:55
tariff on almost all imports, threatened far higher rates in
36:59
other circumstances, and declared tariff to be the most beautiful
37:05
word in the dictionary. Some were supporters, reskeptable Trump would
37:10
go through with the most disruptive proposals of them. Advisers
37:15
helped scuttle many of Trump's ideas during his first term.
37:19
When Trump and Nun's planned tariffs on the United states
37:22
three largest trading partners in November, just after his election,
37:27
GOP Dona and Medal's magnet Andy Sabin told the Washington Post,
37:33
he doubted Trump would follow through. I personally don't believe
37:38
he's going to do all that, Saban said, And I
37:41
think most people think he's just shooting off his mouth.
37:44
He's going to be good for business, but he's not
37:47
going to be extreme. Saban was aghast this month when
37:51
Trump and Nun's stiff tariffs on almost every country. He'
37:55
viewsed the whole episode as a mistake, not a feat
37:58
of negotiation. I think Trump blinked, he said. After Trump
38:03
announced his ninety day pause. I think he saw the
38:06
carnage and decided to do what everybody in the country
38:09
has been telling him. Other Trump supporters are unfazed by
38:14
the chaos. It's going to go up and down. The
38:18
slightest thing makes the stock market drop, said Rachel Higgins,
38:22
of retiree from Pennsylvania. Higgins didn't hesitate last follow when
38:28
asked why she was writing for Trump. The economy, she said,
38:32
adding later that in the end of my pocketbook matters.
38:38
In the end, my pocketbook matters. Her savings took a
38:42
hit when the stock market dropped this past week, but
38:45
she's confident the market were recovered by the time she
38:47
needs to withdraw, Plus, she has family members who work
38:52
in manufacturing, and she poorts Trump's goal to bring back
38:55
jobs to the US. It's not just to break my money,
39:00
she said, It's about the country. Many economists were scepticle
39:05
that Trump's tariffs would achieve his stated long term goal
39:09
of bringing manufacturing back to the US. They said that
39:13
uncertainty around Trump's plans would hobble investment and predicted that
39:17
some companies would wait things out. The teriff followed also
39:22
sparked unusual opposition from staunch Trump allies. Elon Musk, the
39:26
billionaire Trump donut now leading the US Doze services charge
39:32
to shrink the government, argued against the tariffs, and at
39:36
one point declared one of the president's economic advisors a moron.
39:41
Trump's teen argued that the tariffs were necessary to start
39:45
addressing the United States' long running trade deficit with other countries,
39:49
even if that brought some hardship. This adjustment may be
39:55
challenging at times, and in a moment of drastic overd
40:00
can you change.
40:01
Speaker 2: I'm confident.
40:02
Speaker 1: I'm certain that the American people can rise to the
40:05
challenge as they've done before. Jamison Greer, the US Trade representative,
40:11
total lawmakers doing a hearing this week. Ken Abramowitz, the
40:17
pro Trump co founder of the venture capital firm n
40:20
GN Capital, was listening Monday as the President defended his
40:25
tariffs at a news conference and said other.
40:28
Speaker 2: Countries were flocking to negotiate.
40:31
Speaker 1: Tariffs will make this country very rich, Trump said. Abraham Owitz,
40:37
seventy four, wasn't thrilled to break the stock market dive.
40:41
I don't enjoy losing ten percent more than anyone else,
40:46
he said. Still, he believes in Trump's vision. There's actually
40:50
two Americas first, he said, referencing one of Trump's slogans,
40:56
There's an America for a short term and an America
41:00
first long term. Trump is behaving in favor of American first,
41:06
long term, he said,