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Isaacman Is a Step Closer to Leading NASA · Made of Stars

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  Speaker 1: Warning.
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  Speaker 2: The following podcast contains an entertaining look at astronomy, physics,
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  Speaker 2: and space news throughout the known universe. Listeners have been
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  Speaker 2: known to learn about astronomical phenomenon, the scientific method, and
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  Speaker 2: expanded vocabulary to include terms like quasar asterism and uranus. Listen,
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  Speaker 2: that's your own risk. Go ahead.
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  Speaker 3: When made of stars, made them stars, madies, When maida stars.
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  Speaker 4: You could be from high they would New Mexicomus where
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  Speaker 4: all stars?
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  Speaker 1: When we are made of stars.
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  Speaker 3: I'm West Carol, joined by my good friend doctor Sean
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  Speaker 3: Cruising from Cologn State University's Coca Cola Space Science Center.
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  Speaker 3: Morning Sean, good morning.
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  Speaker 4: Well it's good to be here.
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  Speaker 3: Today. We are a step closer to Jared Isaacman becoming
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  Speaker 3: the new top guy at NASA. We've been talking about
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  Speaker 3: this for a while. First of all, we talked about
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  Speaker 3: Jared Isaacman because he was doing things that somebody that
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  Speaker 3: has an interest in space and a lot of money
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  Speaker 3: would do. You know, he was, but not everybody with
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  Speaker 3: a lot of money and an interest in space has
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  Speaker 3: done these things. He quite literally was, you know, well,
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  Speaker 3: putting his body where his wallet was. I guess because
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  Speaker 3: not everybody actually says, Hey, I'm going to go to
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  Speaker 3: the International Space Station or I'm gonna go do you know,
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  Speaker 3: a spacewalk. This is someone who said, this is what
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  Speaker 3: I want to do, and I'm gonna do it, and
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  Speaker 3: I've got the money to make it happen. And he
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  Speaker 3: did it. And you know, this is one those things
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  Speaker 3: about commercial space and NASA sort of finding a way
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  Speaker 3: to kind of bridge together. Should the Senate decide, and
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  Speaker 3: I suspect they will, that he should be running NASA,
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  Speaker 3: and this is a big deal. It's a big deal
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  Speaker 3: for you know, commercial space and NASA coming together in
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  Speaker 3: a very unique way.
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  Speaker 4: You know, we've talked about this in recent weeks on
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  Speaker 4: the show. We're living in a very transformative period in
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  Speaker 4: the space industry right We're trying to figure out what
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  Speaker 4: it means to be an astronaut in terms of an
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  Speaker 4: official definition. Jared Isaacman, like you said, not what at
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  Speaker 4: least the defining agencies would call an astronaut. He's not
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  Speaker 4: a member of the military, not an astronaut by FA standards.
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  Speaker 4: Well maybe I don't know, not a NASA astronaut. But
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  Speaker 4: yet he did a spacewalk. And the one thing he
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  Speaker 4: didn't do is say I'm just like Ed White. You know.
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  Speaker 3: That's one of the things.
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  Speaker 4: So I guess maybe if you do that, you get
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  Speaker 4: to be considered for the director of NASA, you know,
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  Speaker 4: And that's what's happening right now. We try to avoid
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  Speaker 4: politics on the show because one of the things we
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  Speaker 4: like to do here is we like to just have fun.
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  Speaker 4: And if you get into these political discussions, everybody quits
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  Speaker 4: having fun. So we're gonna not talk about the politics
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  Speaker 4: of Jared Isaacsman's nomination. I think that he's received bipartisan support,
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  Speaker 4: which is kind of a cool thing, right, People from
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  Speaker 4: both sides of the aisle have decided that Jared Isacman,
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  Speaker 4: a member of the industry of space, would make a
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  Speaker 4: good NASA administrator, and on Wednesday of this week they
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  Speaker 4: confirm that by a vote of the US Senate Commerce Committee.
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  Speaker 4: Nineteen to nine. Is how the vote went down in
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  Speaker 4: favor of his nomination to be the next NASA administrator,
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  Speaker 4: and people from both political parties were on the yes
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  Speaker 4: side of that vote. So good job America. You know,
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  Speaker 4: maybe we can still agree on a few things across
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  Speaker 4: the aisle. Committee chairman, Senator Ted Cruz from Texas opened
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  Speaker 4: up the hearing by voicing his intent to support Isaacman's
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  Speaker 4: nomination to move out of committee, urging him to keep
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  Speaker 4: the agency focused on crude lunar missions, not crewed as
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  Speaker 4: in offensive crude as in people on board, right with crews,
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  Speaker 4: crews that actually do things in space, you know, experiments
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  Speaker 4: and such. Crew crew crew who are actually in charge
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  Speaker 4: of driving the space vehicle. These kinds of crews anyway,
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  Speaker 4: So what.
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  Speaker 3: You're saying, what you're saying is that Ted Cruz is
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  Speaker 3: in favor of spaceships with crew cruise. Is that what
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  Speaker 3: you're saying.
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  Speaker 4: It is so confusing on a spoken word media platform
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  Speaker 4: like ours, because I can't just type this out and
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  Speaker 4: you go, oh, now, I understand what you're saying. But yes,
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  Speaker 4: thank you Wes for pointing that out. Yeah, that's exactly
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  Speaker 4: what's happening. So I'm quoting from spaceflight now dot com.
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  Speaker 4: They did a great article on Jared isaac Jared Isaacsman's
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  Speaker 4: testimony in front of the US Senate Commerce Committee. A
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  Speaker 4: quote from Senator Cruz from Texas, as we heard at
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  Speaker 4: his nominating hearing earlier this month, NASA was built to
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  Speaker 4: do near impossible now that's Ted Cruz quoting Jared Isaacman.
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  Speaker 4: By the way, going on with the Ted Cruz quote,
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  Speaker 4: I agree, but NASA's plans for space must remain grounded
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  Speaker 4: in reality and align with our strategic interests, so says
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  Speaker 4: Senator Cruz. He went on to say, existing lag directs
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  Speaker 4: NASA to establish a quote sustained human presence in cis
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  Speaker 4: lunar space or on the moon unquote. Federal law explicitly
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  Speaker 4: calls for the moon quote a stepping stone unquote to
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  Speaker 4: reaching Mars. So these are the quotes from Senator Ted Cruz.
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  Speaker 4: He's quoting a lot of other people anyway. So the
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  Speaker 4: notion is this, he's reminding everybody in this hearing that
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  Speaker 4: we should not change the course from the currently planned
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  Speaker 4: Artemis missions. And Senator Cruz then went on to say
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  Speaker 4: again in a quote, in other words, our path to
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  Speaker 4: predominance in space begins with the Artemis missions unquote. Now
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  Speaker 4: what does this mean, Well, this means Jared, please don't
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  Speaker 4: throw out the current infrastructure. Like I'm going to vote
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  Speaker 4: for you to become the next NASA administrator, but don't
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  Speaker 4: just say, Okay, well, now that we're here, I'm throwing
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  Speaker 4: out the Space Launch System rocket. I'm throwing out the
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  Speaker 4: Orion capsule. I'm throwing out all the astronauts who have
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  Speaker 4: trained on that system in those vehicles to be ready
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  Speaker 4: to go to the Moon, and we're just going to
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  Speaker 4: start over with Elon and Starship. That's the between the
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  Speaker 4: lines suggestion being made by Senator Cruz. So so then, Wes,
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  Speaker 4: it's interesting then that Jared Issacman, his quote was, was
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  Speaker 4: brought back up during this he had he had earlier
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  Speaker 4: written this. So this is these are the words of
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  Speaker 4: Jaredisacman again in spacelightnow dot com.
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  Speaker 3: Quote.
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  Speaker 4: As I stated during the hearing, SLS is the current
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  Speaker 4: plan and the fastest way to send American astronauts back
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  Speaker 4: to the Moon ahead of our geopolitical rivals. And this
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  Speaker 4: is a race we can't risk losing. But once our
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  Speaker 4: initial lunar objectives have been met, I believe NASA should
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  Speaker 4: transition from competing with industry and focus again on what
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  Speaker 4: no other agency or organization is capable of accomplishing. Unquote.
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  Speaker 4: So this is Jared coming back and saying, Okay, yeah, yes,
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  Speaker 4: I agree. You know, for the next couple of missions here, yep,
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  Speaker 4: we're gonna have to stick with that whole Artemis thing,
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  Speaker 4: because America has already invested a lot of time, money, infrastructure,
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  Speaker 4: talent and and that, and the you know, they're they're
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  Speaker 4: actually stacking the rocket right now at the Kennedy Space
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  Speaker 4: Center in Florida. In fact, we we know some of
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  Speaker 4: our former student assistants here at Space Science Center who
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  Speaker 4: are involved in that process. Hey, Zach, how's it going anyway? So,
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  Speaker 4: uh so, it's always.
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  Speaker 3: Nice when we got some insiders, you know, a little
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  Speaker 3: little peak occasionally behind the curtain.
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  Speaker 4: It's nice exactly, and we you know, we kind of
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  Speaker 4: in a clever way hat tip them. So all right,
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  Speaker 4: So what we're saying though, is this Jared Isaacman is
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  Speaker 4: coming back and saying, Okay, so even though we're going
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  Speaker 4: to stick with that infrastructure for the short term, you know,
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  Speaker 4: we're gonna let those industry agencies like SpaceX, potentially, Blue
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  Speaker 4: Origin potentially you know, I've even heard of a company
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  Speaker 4: called Boeing that used to make spacecraft in rockets at
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  Speaker 4: one point. Ula anyway, So it's going to be a
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  Speaker 4: time to allow those people to come back into the
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  Speaker 4: game and develop launch systems and spacecraft from a commercial perspective.
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  Speaker 4: Instead of NASA trying to compete with them through contracts
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  Speaker 4: building their own rockets. So anyway it's going it's an
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  Speaker 4: interesting time. It's a paradigm shift. And again the stories
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  Speaker 4: that we've recently talked about, even with Blue Origin, we
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  Speaker 4: are at a We're in an apex of a changing
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  Speaker 4: of the entire space industry from what previously existed, say
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  Speaker 4: during the Apollo missions or even the Space Shuttle era,
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  Speaker 4: to what is now coming online with all of these
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  Speaker 4: very active and talented commercial companies coming online and producing
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  Speaker 4: space vehicles capable of taking human beings back and forth
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  Speaker 4: to Low Earth orbit and potentially to other worlds in
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  Speaker 4: our Solar system. So Jared Isaac in a good choice
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  Speaker 4: to lead us through this interesting time.
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  Speaker 3: So you mentioned this whole like definition of an astronaut
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  Speaker 3: and does he qualify and all that, I would just
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  Speaker 3: like to point out, and I'm gonna be paraphrasing, but
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  Speaker 3: one of the one of the descriptions, and I think
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  Speaker 3: it was NASA's descriptions. You know, he meets some of
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  Speaker 3: those qualifications, but should he become the guy running NASA,
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  Speaker 3: I think it would safely give him that last qualification
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  Speaker 3: of he's making a career of this, right, I think
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  Speaker 3: that's safe to say. He then checks the box for
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  Speaker 3: making a career of this after having been to space
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  Speaker 3: a few times and including a space walk. But I mean,
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  Speaker 3: you know, he's no Gail King. But still this is
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  Speaker 3: pretty impressive.
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  Speaker 4: I'm sorry you caught me with a left hook there.
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  Speaker 3: I had it. I had it. I had it in
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  Speaker 3: the chamber. I was waiting those it was pre loaded.
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  Speaker 3: But anyway, so, I mean.
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  Speaker 4: I think I think we could sort of agree that
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  Speaker 4: he is no Guilt King.
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  Speaker 3: Yeah. I don't think there's any any doubts.
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  Speaker 4: Zero argument to Yeah.
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  Speaker 3: I mean, there's definitely no Katy Perry.
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  Speaker 4: So, I mean, I've never seen Jared Isaac been singing
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  Speaker 4: at the super Bowl, so he's clearly no Katy Perry.
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  Speaker 3: Facts. These are definite facts. Let's let's transition speaking, and
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  Speaker 3: we talked about in that there was a quote talking
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  Speaker 3: about our you know, geopolitical rivals and all those sorts
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  Speaker 3: of things. Let's go back to, you know, the previous
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  Speaker 3: space race. We're in a different space race now. People don't,
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  Speaker 3: I don't know if they realize it, but we're at
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  Speaker 3: a completely different one now, and it is it is
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  Speaker 3: and it's a strange one because you know, you got
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  Speaker 3: the commercial side, you got NASA, and then you go, oh,
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  Speaker 3: and then there's other countries also that we need to
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  Speaker 3: be working together so that we can beat China to
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  Speaker 3: some of these places. And they're not really the only ones,
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  Speaker 3: but anyway, they seem to be the main rival at
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  Speaker 3: this point. But let's go back to a time when
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  Speaker 3: it was just USh and Russia.
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  Speaker 4: So one of the things that I like to just discuss,
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  Speaker 4: and this is purely opinioned, but you're listening to our show,
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  Speaker 4: so we're gonna give you some opinions, and here's mine.
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  Speaker 4: The space race didn't have a finish line at the moon. Yes,
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  Speaker 4: we won the race to the moon. Who did we
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  Speaker 4: beat the Russians? And why do we beat them? Because
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  Speaker 4: they never got a rocket that was big and powerful
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  Speaker 4: enough to take human beings and all their camping equipment
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  Speaker 4: out of the gravitational pull of the Earth all the
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  Speaker 4: way to the Moon. That's why. So we did and
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  Speaker 4: we won. Okay, But did that really end the space race,
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  Speaker 4: like the race to dominate space if you define it
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  Speaker 4: that way, No, because we're still racing to dominate space.
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  Speaker 4: And as Wes was alluding to, there is another competitor
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  Speaker 4: who's entered that race that's pretty giving us a pretty
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  Speaker 4: good run for our money in twenty twenty five right now,
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  Speaker 4: right If you don't know who that is, you should
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  Speaker 4: listen to a different show. I don't know.
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  Speaker 3: Maybe it rhymes with schmina. I mean, I don't know how.
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  Speaker 3: It's not gonna lay it out for you other than that.
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  Speaker 4: I have nothing to add to that, all right. But however,
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  Speaker 4: back in the seventies, even when even when we made
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  Speaker 4: it to the moon before the Russians, and by the way,
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  Speaker 4: the Russians never made it to the moon, so we
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  Speaker 4: made it to the moon and the Russians didn't. That
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  Speaker 4: doesn't mean that the Russians weren't racing us still, and
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  Speaker 4: one of the places that they beat us to was Venus. Now,
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  Speaker 4: they didn't send cosmonauts to Venus. They sent robot ships
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  Speaker 4: to Venus. But we really never did that. And that's
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  Speaker 4: because Venus is a terrible place. It is not a
• 14:02
  Speaker 4: nice place to build condos.
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  Speaker 3: Not a nice thing to say about Venus.
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  Speaker 4: Go on, you know, I'm sure she has her you know, attractors,
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  Speaker 4: but Venus it rains sulfuric acid. It's atmospheric pressure is
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  Speaker 4: enough to crush aluminum cans on the surface. And oh yeah,
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  Speaker 4: it's nine hundred degrees fahrenheit, which is hot enough to
• 14:27
  Speaker 4: melt lead.
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  Speaker 1: So you know, it's not going to be.
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  Speaker 4: A shopping mall there anytime soon.
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  Speaker 3: It's like living in the southeast US, is what you're saying.
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  Speaker 3: I mean, everything you've just described kind of hits US
• 14:37
  Speaker 3: in the summer, like August. That's what August feels like
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  Speaker 3: in Georgia.
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  Speaker 4: I have felt those days in the Southeastern United States
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  Speaker 4: where the atmosphere felt heavy enough to smash aluminum cans
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  Speaker 4: as well as being incineratingly hot and but also humid.
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  Speaker 4: So yeah, there's that anyway. So yeah, we did, you know,
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  Speaker 4: we were like, okay, yeah, Venus, We'll let you have
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  Speaker 4: that one. You know, Russians, go ahead, Venus to Venus.
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  Speaker 3: That's cool.
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  Speaker 4: I mean, there was that robot on Venus that fought
• 15:06
  Speaker 4: the six million dollar man, right or something like. No, No,
• 15:08
  Speaker 4: what happened was a Venus robot from Russia got loose
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  Speaker 4: in the US and the six billion dollar man had
• 15:17
  Speaker 4: to go fight it, and he also had to fight Bigfoot.
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  Speaker 4: Later too, but that's a different show anyway. So what
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  Speaker 4: would happens For those of you too young to remember
• 15:26
  Speaker 4: Steve Austin and the six million dollar Man. It's out
• 15:29
  Speaker 4: there somewhere, go look it up. It's pretty fun. It's
• 15:31
  Speaker 4: pretty fun to you know, retro watch right there. But anyway,
• 15:33
  Speaker 4: so what's happening is, basically that episode is coming true
• 15:38
  Speaker 4: because there's a Russian venus probe that is going to
• 15:42
  Speaker 4: make an uncontrolled re entry into the Earth's atmosphere. It
• 15:46
  Speaker 4: was launched in nineteen seventy two, and more than fifty
• 15:50
  Speaker 4: years later, it's coming back into the Earth's atmosphere and
• 15:56
  Speaker 4: we don't know where it's gonna land. It could land
• 15:58
  Speaker 4: in the US. Somebody calls Steve Austin, quick, we need
• 16:03
  Speaker 4: the six million what is the rate of inflation since
• 16:05
  Speaker 4: the nineteen seventies. We need the six hundred billion dollar man,
• 16:09
  Speaker 4: or so the six billion dollar man.
• 16:12
  Speaker 3: I feel like we should make a distinction here. We're
• 16:14
  Speaker 3: talking about Lee Majors and not stone Cole Steve Austin,
• 16:18
  Speaker 3: although I do think that Stone Cole Steve Austin would
• 16:21
  Speaker 3: be much more well equipped to battle anything that's coming
• 16:25
  Speaker 3: at than Lee majors currently. I just would like to
• 16:27
  Speaker 3: point I mean, no disrespect, I just want to point
• 16:30
  Speaker 3: out the fact talking or every time you say Steve
• 16:33
  Speaker 3: Austin in my head, I just I feel like it's
• 16:37
  Speaker 3: worth and you know, and Steve Austin nice guy. I've
• 16:42
  Speaker 3: met him, and I'm telling you right now, I think
• 16:44
  Speaker 3: he's more well equipped, you know, to crush a couple
• 16:47
  Speaker 3: of beer cans, chug him down, and then go fight
• 16:50
  Speaker 3: this thing. I just want to point that out. This
• 16:52
  Speaker 3: is a different time you mentioned. It's a different time.
• 16:55
  Speaker 3: This is such a different.
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  Speaker 4: Point, well taken, West. I have no arguments to what
• 16:57
  Speaker 4: you're saying right now. I think that if the atmosphere
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  Speaker 4: of Venus is heavy enough to crush aluminum cans on
• 17:03
  Speaker 4: its forehead.
• 17:04
  Speaker 3: Yeah, and we need to find, you know, a.
• 17:06
  Speaker 4: Former wrestler that can crush illuminum cans on their forehead
• 17:09
  Speaker 4: tunes because really good choice.
• 17:12
  Speaker 3: Yeah, and because you know Stone Cold did in fact
• 17:15
  Speaker 3: say so. Anyway, Sorry, back to your point, I'm sorry,
• 17:18
  Speaker 3: we have that's things coming down. Who knows where it's
• 17:20
  Speaker 3: coming down if it happens to land anywhere near where
• 17:24
  Speaker 3: Steve Austin, Stone Cold, Steve Austin lives, that would be
• 17:28
  Speaker 3: a weird coincidence. And if we make that happen, you
• 17:31
  Speaker 3: and I are definitely gonna have to go buy some
• 17:33
  Speaker 3: lottery tickets or something because I don't really know how
• 17:35
  Speaker 3: we could force that into That's a pretty uh like statistically,
• 17:39
  Speaker 3: that's unlikely, isn't it.
• 17:40
  Speaker 4: I mean, do we know where Steve Austin, the wrestler
• 17:43
  Speaker 4: is living these days, because I don't know where his
• 17:47
  Speaker 4: his residence is, But if he's anywhere between latitude fifty
• 17:51
  Speaker 4: two north and latitude fifty two south, like, if he's
• 17:56
  Speaker 4: in that equatorial band, unless he's in extreme Northern Canada
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  Speaker 4: or on at Tierra del Fuego. If he's if he's
• 18:03
  Speaker 4: in that latitude band, that's where this thing is going
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  Speaker 4: to come in. So all right, friends, I'm gonna.
• 18:08
  Speaker 3: Point he lives near Reno, so you know you do
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  Speaker 3: it that the last time I.
• 18:13
  Speaker 4: Was in Reno, it was still in that latitude band.
• 18:17
  Speaker 4: And you know I went to the University of Nevada,
• 18:19
  Speaker 4: Las Vegas.
• 18:20
  Speaker 3: That's why I mentioned that he lives in I'm.
• 18:21
  Speaker 4: Pretty sure Steve Austin wrestled there right, not at our university,
• 18:25
  Speaker 4: but in Las Vegas. Yeah, And you know, there's another
• 18:27
  Speaker 4: university up in Reno. We never like those people. So
• 18:30
  Speaker 4: if it comes in in Reno, I'm gonna have a
• 18:33
  Speaker 4: hard time shedding a tear. Sorry to University of Nevada
• 18:37
  Speaker 4: Reno people, but we UNLV people really don't care for
• 18:40
  Speaker 4: you anyway. All right. So, so the point of the
• 18:42
  Speaker 4: story is that it could land in the United States. Now,
• 18:49
  Speaker 4: it could also land in Africa. It could also land
• 18:53
  Speaker 4: in Australia and Asia and yeah, all of those places
• 18:58
  Speaker 4: in those mid latitude regions. Friends, If we can land
• 19:01
  Speaker 4: in all those places, it can also land in the ocean, right,
• 19:04
  Speaker 4: I mean there's a lot of ocean that nets together
• 19:08
  Speaker 4: all of those chunks of land within that latitude band
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  Speaker 4: of plus fifty two degrees and minus fifty two degrees latitude. Right,
• 19:16
  Speaker 4: So where's it going to come in? Well, let me
• 19:19
  Speaker 4: point you to a story friends, on spaceweather dot com.
• 19:23
  Speaker 4: That story airing on airing is that the right term? No?
• 19:27
  Speaker 4: That story posted on May first, right, So, so on
• 19:30
  Speaker 4: May first of twenty twenty five, a story on spaceweather
• 19:33
  Speaker 4: dot com. It's referencing somebody who's been tracking this particular
• 19:38
  Speaker 4: spacecraft which is the Cosmos four to eighty two spacecraft
• 19:42
  Speaker 4: originally intended to land on Venus, but the booster that
• 19:46
  Speaker 4: it launched on back in nineteen seventy two had an
• 19:49
  Speaker 4: issue that didn't get it completely out of Earth's orbit.
• 19:52
  Speaker 4: It's been in a hyper elongated orbit ever since. And
• 19:57
  Speaker 4: you know there's people who like to watch those kinds
• 19:59
  Speaker 4: of things, right, So a satellite analyst by the name
• 20:02
  Speaker 4: of Marco Lambrook has been tracking this object for many years,
• 20:09
  Speaker 4: and now Marko Lambrook has put out on his blog,
• 20:13
  Speaker 4: thus referenced on spaceweather dot com, that this this spacecraft,
• 20:19
  Speaker 4: Cosmos four eighty two is going to come back in
• 20:22
  Speaker 4: on or about May tenth. So we don't have much
• 20:26
  Speaker 4: time to get in touch with Steve Austin, the wrestler
• 20:29
  Speaker 4: or the six six billion dollar man to help us,
• 20:34
  Speaker 4: because you know, according to our friends at spaceweather dot com,
• 20:39
  Speaker 4: statistically an ocean landing is the most likely, however, because
• 20:44
  Speaker 4: this thing's about a meter in diameter and weighs about
• 20:48
  Speaker 4: four hundred and ninety five kilograms, which two point two
• 20:51
  Speaker 4: pounds per kilograms about one thousand pound objects something like that,
• 20:56
  Speaker 4: you don't want to be standing where it lands. That's
• 20:59
  Speaker 4: those are the words of our friends at spaceweather dot com.
• 21:02
  Speaker 4: You don't want to be doctor Tony Phillips over there.
• 21:05
  Speaker 4: You don't want to be underneath the thing when it
• 21:06
  Speaker 4: comes in, right. So we're gonna kind of keep an
• 21:10
  Speaker 4: eye on it, and Marco Lambrook is going to be
• 21:13
  Speaker 4: continuing to track it. And if you want to know
• 21:15
  Speaker 4: more about this crazy part of the Venera program for
• 21:18
  Speaker 4: the nineteen seventies, that's going to make a two twenty
• 21:22
  Speaker 4: twenty five splash down or crash down somewhere between latitude
• 21:26
  Speaker 4: plus fifty two and minus fifty two. Check out space
• 21:30
  Speaker 4: weather dot com, folks. So that's that's the place to go,
• 21:32
  Speaker 4: spaceweather dot com. Look for the story in the archive
• 21:35
  Speaker 4: on May the first, if you're not hearing it right away.
• 21:38
  Speaker 3: Coming up after a quick break, we're going to talk
• 21:41
  Speaker 3: about mushballs on Jupiter. We'll do that next. I'm gonna
• 22:04
  Speaker 3: be honest with you. Mushballs sounds like something like one
• 22:07
  Speaker 3: of those weird recipes that you see, like in a story.
• 22:10
  Speaker 1: Online or a real online.
• 22:12
  Speaker 3: And there's a guy that's cooking them or a gal
• 22:15
  Speaker 3: that's cooking them and they're like, I'm making mushballs today,
• 22:18
  Speaker 3: and then they start putting all these disgusting things in
• 22:21
  Speaker 3: a pot and whipping it around and slopping it into
• 22:23
  Speaker 3: a thing and putting it in the oven. And you're like,
• 22:25
  Speaker 3: that looks like a mushball. These are not mushballs in
• 22:29
  Speaker 3: that sense, not anything you can cook that we know of.
• 22:32
  Speaker 3: These are mushballs on Jupiter.
• 22:36
  Speaker 4: I mean, so if that's always to go out of
• 22:38
  Speaker 4: the way, if you wanted to try some of these mushballs, right,
• 22:41
  Speaker 4: I mean, like a restaurant on Jupiter. It's pretty far.
• 22:43
  Speaker 4: It's like a commute, you know.
• 22:45
  Speaker 3: Maybe it's gonna be the first item in the official
• 22:49
  Speaker 3: Made of Stars cookbook we can start putting together. I mean,
• 22:51
  Speaker 3: everybody else makes a cookbook. Why can't we have a cookbook.
• 22:55
  Speaker 4: I just have to know if Jupiter mushballs are gluten.
• 22:57
  Speaker 3: Free, well we'd have to have a gluten free option,
• 23:01
  Speaker 3: I would think.
• 23:02
  Speaker 4: You know, so they're loaded up with ammonia, but they're
• 23:05
  Speaker 4: going to be gluten free.
• 23:06
  Speaker 3: Well, yeah, that would be I don't think we have
• 23:09
  Speaker 3: to the ammonia. Maybe out of out of the recipe
• 23:13
  Speaker 3: does seemed like a good recipe.
• 23:15
  Speaker 4: Maybe ammonia tastes better if you're from Jupiter. Yeah, maybe
• 23:19
  Speaker 4: maybe that's what's going on. All right, here's the actual story,
• 23:22
  Speaker 4: ladies and gentlemen. NASA dot Gov has has issued a
• 23:27
  Speaker 4: story that they're they're doing some research from the Juno
• 23:30
  Speaker 4: spacecraft and taking data from that spacecraft and investigating something
• 23:35
  Speaker 4: which they are calling shallow lightning. Now, that's that's lightning
• 23:41
  Speaker 4: without a lot of emotional depth.
• 23:42
  Speaker 3: I think maybe sounds like the worst name for a
• 23:45
  Speaker 3: superhero ever.
• 23:46
  Speaker 4: Shallow lightning. Shallow lightning, not a lot of emotional intelligence. Yeah,
• 23:52
  Speaker 4: but can really throw lightning bolts.
• 23:54
  Speaker 3: Yeah, but they're kind of weak. They're not they're not
• 23:56
  Speaker 3: really strong lightning bolts either, because it's coming from a
• 23:59
  Speaker 3: shallow If only he had more personality.
• 24:08
  Speaker 4: Yes, when NASA uses the term shallow lightning, they're talking
• 24:13
  Speaker 4: about altitude, and altitude in Jupiter's atmosphere is even more
• 24:18
  Speaker 4: interesting because it's a gas giant planet, right, so it's
• 24:22
  Speaker 4: pretty much an atmosphere. It's more atmosphere than it is
• 24:24
  Speaker 4: like solid planet anyway. All right, so what does this mean, Well,
• 24:28
  Speaker 4: it means lightning that's not occurring at the top of
• 24:32
  Speaker 4: Jupiter's atmosphere. It's occurring down at lower depths where the
• 24:38
  Speaker 4: atmosphere is more shallow to what a surface. There is
• 24:42
  Speaker 4: no anyway, it's just further down in the atmosphere. So
• 24:45
  Speaker 4: this is what they're calling shallow lightning. Okay, So now
• 24:49
  Speaker 4: that we have the shallow lightning, it's like, well, we're familiar,
• 24:52
  Speaker 4: says NASA with this phenomenon called shallow lightning, but we
• 24:55
  Speaker 4: never really understood the mechanism that can create it. Now
• 24:58
  Speaker 4: we do understand the mechanism creating lightning in the higher
• 25:02
  Speaker 4: altitudes or the near surface, the top of the atmosphere
• 25:07
  Speaker 4: of Jupiter. Again, there's no surface on Jupiter. The top
• 25:09
  Speaker 4: of the atmosphere of Jupiter. NASA had a pretty good
• 25:12
  Speaker 4: handle on those lightning bolts, but the shallow lightning they
• 25:17
  Speaker 4: were unclear about until this new Juno spacecraft data came in.
• 25:21
  Speaker 4: And what they have discovered is that these are unexpected
• 25:25
  Speaker 4: electrical discharges that are coming from and a solution of
• 25:33
  Speaker 4: ammonia and water and so lightning. Here on Earth it's
• 25:39
  Speaker 4: strictly from water clouds, right, It's friction within the water
• 25:42
  Speaker 4: clouds and these uprising thunderstorms things like that. But in
• 25:46
  Speaker 4: the atmosphere of Jupiter, you have to have ammonia play
• 25:50
  Speaker 4: a role. Well, the question is, okay, well where is
• 25:53
  Speaker 4: this ammonia. Well, already NASA had a problem with some
• 25:56
  Speaker 4: of their data and not matching up with their models
• 26:00
  Speaker 4: because they predicted a whole lot more ammonia in the
• 26:02
  Speaker 4: upper part of the atmosphere than they're actually finding there.
• 26:04
  Speaker 4: So they have a missing ammonia component from Jupiter's atmosphere.
• 26:09
  Speaker 4: And so these two phenomenon, the fact that ammonia is
• 26:12
  Speaker 4: missing in the high atmosphere of Jupiter and there's lightning
• 26:16
  Speaker 4: flashes in the low atmosphere of Jupiter, and that that
• 26:20
  Speaker 4: those lightning flashes would require ammonia to be present in
• 26:24
  Speaker 4: order to fit their models. And again I'm not going
• 26:26
  Speaker 4: to go into the complexity of their models, but there's
• 26:29
  Speaker 4: models that say, hey, ammonia needs to be there. And
• 26:32
  Speaker 4: so now what's happened is the junoscience team has put
• 26:36
  Speaker 4: forward a solution for this, the existence of slushy ammonia
• 26:41
  Speaker 4: rich hailstones in the lower altitudes of Jupiter's atmosphere where
• 26:48
  Speaker 4: this shallow lightning is taking place or can be found
• 26:53
  Speaker 4: if he's a superhero anyway, So they're calling these ammonia
• 26:58
  Speaker 4: rich hailstones mushball mushballs. That's where the term is coming from.
• 27:06
  Speaker 4: Ammonia rich hailstones called mushballs. This according to the junoscience
• 27:11
  Speaker 4: team at NASA. Okay, So they theorize that these mushballs
• 27:15
  Speaker 4: capture ammonia and water in the upper atmosphere and then
• 27:18
  Speaker 4: they get like coagulated, they get kind of heavy, so
• 27:21
  Speaker 4: they sink and they carry that ammonia and water from
• 27:24
  Speaker 4: the upper atmosphere down into the depths of Jupiter's atmosphere
• 27:28
  Speaker 4: where the electrical components of that chemistry is available to
• 27:34
  Speaker 4: help make static electricity which turns into lightning. Now they
• 27:39
  Speaker 4: have released some of this information, but the actual study
• 27:43
  Speaker 4: on the shell of lightning is going to be published
• 27:45
  Speaker 4: in an upcoming edition of the journal Nature, to be
• 27:50
  Speaker 4: released on Thursday, August sixth. Now, the mushball research itself
• 27:55
  Speaker 4: is currently available online at the Journal of Geophysical Research. Thus,
• 28:00
  Speaker 4: says NASA, check out the story of mushballs on Jupiter
• 28:03
  Speaker 4: at NASA dot gov.
• 28:06
  Speaker 3: Last show, we talked about the return home Don Pettitt
• 28:09
  Speaker 3: on Easter and he has spent five hundred and ninety
• 28:14
  Speaker 3: days in space over four missions. Let's talk a little
• 28:18
  Speaker 3: bit about that, because that now puts him not at
• 28:23
  Speaker 3: the top, but he's pretty high up on the list
• 28:26
  Speaker 3: of NASA astronauts and as far as time and space.
• 28:31
  Speaker 4: Yeah, so something that makes this time relevant. We did
• 28:34
  Speaker 4: talk about it last week. He came back in on
• 28:36
  Speaker 4: his seventieth birthday. We just threw that in as almost
• 28:39
  Speaker 4: kind of a footnote and said, we talked more about it. Well,
• 28:41
  Speaker 4: here we are. We're going to talk more about it now.
• 28:43
  Speaker 4: But something else that made it timely is as we're
• 28:45
  Speaker 4: recording the podcast today, just yesterday, Don Pettitt, who is
• 28:51
  Speaker 4: a very entertaining individual. If you'd never heard him speak,
• 28:54
  Speaker 4: he's very funny, he has a very interesting way of
• 28:57
  Speaker 4: putting things, and he's very smart. He did an interview
• 29:01
  Speaker 4: with the folks at NASA dot gov that is now
• 29:05
  Speaker 4: out there on the YouTube space or on the you know,
• 29:07
  Speaker 4: the the video streaming spaces on the internet. Go check
• 29:11
  Speaker 4: out the interview with Don Pettitt talking about his time
• 29:15
  Speaker 4: aboard the International Space Station. And you know what it's
• 29:17
  Speaker 4: like for an astronaut who turns seventy to be coming
• 29:20
  Speaker 4: down and crashing into the step of Kazakhstan and you
• 29:25
  Speaker 4: know just what all those physical effects are like, because
• 29:27
  Speaker 4: that's not an easy thing to experience, all right, So
• 29:29
  Speaker 4: very funny stuff, very but insightful stuff, nonetheless from Don Pettitt. Okay,
• 29:33
  Speaker 4: so yes, he just with this latest mission, he has
• 29:36
  Speaker 4: completed a total of not on this one mission, but
• 29:39
  Speaker 4: a total of five hundred and ninety days in space
• 29:42
  Speaker 4: cumulative days in space among NASA astronauts. That puts him
• 29:46
  Speaker 4: at number three. Who are the other two? Well, Peggy Whitson,
• 29:53
  Speaker 4: who is the astronaut with the most cumulative time in
• 29:57
  Speaker 4: space among NASA astronauts six hundred and seventy five days,
• 30:03
  Speaker 4: and then Sunny Williams, and yeah, probably on the number
• 30:09
  Speaker 4: two position on this list because she got delayed in
• 30:13
  Speaker 4: her return home. You thought I was going to say stranded,
• 30:14
  Speaker 4: didn't you.
• 30:15
  Speaker 3: I wondered where you were going?
• 30:19
  Speaker 1: Very well to.
• 30:20
  Speaker 4: Say it, her return home was delayed. So she's at
• 30:24
  Speaker 4: six hundred and eight days of cumulative time in space.
• 30:29
  Speaker 4: Then comes Don Pettit at five hundred and ninety. Then
• 30:31
  Speaker 4: Jeff Williams five hundred and thirty four, Mark Vanda Hi,
• 30:35
  Speaker 4: who's really interesting character, two five hundred and twenty three days.
• 30:38
  Speaker 4: Finally Scott Kelly with five hundred and twenty days in space,
• 30:42
  Speaker 4: which means Don Pettitt is the male astronaut with the
• 30:47
  Speaker 4: most days in space. That's a NASA astronaut because the
• 30:51
  Speaker 4: top one and two positions are held by female astronauts. Thus,
• 30:55
  Speaker 4: says NASA's website, there you go, all right, So so
• 30:58
  Speaker 4: here we go. On April the twentieth, Kazakhstan time, our
• 31:03
  Speaker 4: friend Don Pettit. I wish he was a friend of
• 31:05
  Speaker 4: the show. That'd be really fun. We should try to
• 31:07
  Speaker 4: interview him sometime. That'd be great. But anyway, our imaginary
• 31:10
  Speaker 4: friend Don Pettit came in. Now Don's real. It's the
• 31:13
  Speaker 4: friendship that's imaginary. Don Pettitt came in on his seventieth
• 31:16
  Speaker 4: birthday April twentieth with cosmonauts Alexei of Chinkin and Ivan Wagner,
• 31:23
  Speaker 4: and he celebrated his seventieth birthday because they made it
• 31:26
  Speaker 4: to the ground safely. That's a good way to celebrate it.
• 31:28
  Speaker 4: You got back down from space safely. So Pettit and
• 31:33
  Speaker 4: the crew while they were up on this most recent mission,
• 31:35
  Speaker 4: completed three five and twenty orbits of the Earth, which
• 31:39
  Speaker 4: is covering ninety three million miles, which happens to be
• 31:42
  Speaker 4: the same distance from the Earth to the Sun, so
• 31:44
  Speaker 4: that's pretty impressive. They also saw the arrival of six
• 31:48
  Speaker 4: visiting spacecraft and the departure of seven visiting spacecraft, and yeah,
• 31:54
  Speaker 4: soon he was in there. That was part of it.
• 31:56
  Speaker 4: And so so anyway, historic mission don pet being added
• 32:00
  Speaker 4: to this list. He is also friends the oldest currently
• 32:06
  Speaker 4: active NASA astronaut at seventy years.
• 32:09
  Speaker 3: Old, and I just would like to point out the
• 32:12
  Speaker 3: fact that at five hundred and ninety days, he spent
• 32:15
  Speaker 3: only five hundred and ninety days more in space than
• 32:18
  Speaker 3: Gail King. So I just wanted to point that out,
• 32:21
  Speaker 3: just to circle back a callback to previous reference in all.
• 32:25
  Speaker 4: I mean minus eleven minutes, right, I guess that's in
• 32:28
  Speaker 4: the noise. I'm not sure.
• 32:29
  Speaker 3: Yeah, I don't know. I mean, I don't think that
• 32:31
  Speaker 3: quite counts as a whole day. But you know, maybe
• 32:33
  Speaker 3: she would argue otherwise. I don't know, maybe she would.
• 32:36
  Speaker 3: I'm not going to put words in her mouth. I'm
• 32:38
  Speaker 3: just saying and I'm not just picking on her. Let's
• 32:41
  Speaker 3: you know, how about you know any of those other ladies, I.
• 32:46
  Speaker 4: Mean, can we call them private astronauts. They're private astronauts, right,
• 32:49
  Speaker 4: isn't that.
• 32:50
  Speaker 3: The right term? You could call them whatever you want
• 32:52
  Speaker 3: to call them.
• 32:53
  Speaker 4: I think the Mate of Stars podcast special edition, you know,
• 32:59
  Speaker 4: brand of of what they actually are space for us
• 33:02
  Speaker 4: is private astronauts. That's what I'm gonna go with. We
• 33:05
  Speaker 4: should send we should send them all wings.
• 33:07
  Speaker 3: We should from maybe come up with our own special
• 33:11
  Speaker 3: made of stars wings.
• 33:14
  Speaker 4: Astronauts.
• 33:15
  Speaker 3: I still think they should get wings from the FAA
• 33:17
  Speaker 3: based on what we talked about. But anyway, coming up,
• 33:19
  Speaker 3: after one more quick break, we're going to talk about
• 33:22
  Speaker 3: the power outage in Spain and Portugal and uh what
• 33:27
  Speaker 3: maybe did not cause it? We'll do that next. Okay, So, uh,
• 33:48
  Speaker 3: power outage in the Iberian Peninsula, Spain and Portugal. I
• 33:54
  Speaker 3: didn't even know this happened. And usually whenever we have
• 33:57
  Speaker 3: something like we start talking about some sort of like
• 34:01
  Speaker 3: a power outage or some sort of an event I
• 34:03
  Speaker 3: don't know, like you know, telegraph wires catching on fire,
• 34:09
  Speaker 3: those kinds of things, you kind of go, well, maybe
• 34:10
  Speaker 3: it had something to do with the sun. I mean,
• 34:12
  Speaker 3: we're in that period where maybe this and we've we've
• 34:15
  Speaker 3: seen incredible things in our skies in the last year
• 34:21
  Speaker 3: caused by the Sun, and you just go, my gosh,
• 34:23
  Speaker 3: we saw northern lights in Puerto Rico. We didn't see
• 34:27
  Speaker 3: them in Puerto Rico. We saw them in Georgia, and
• 34:30
  Speaker 3: that's an accomplishment. But people in Puerto Rico were saying
• 34:33
  Speaker 3: that they saw them, so that's pretty impressive. So you think, well, maybe,
• 34:37
  Speaker 3: just maybe, this weird phenomenon of a power outage happening
• 34:41
  Speaker 3: in Spain and Portugal could have been caused by the Sun.
• 34:44
  Speaker 3: I guess not.
• 34:47
  Speaker 4: You know, I like to say this often, I'm the
• 34:49
  Speaker 4: dumbest smart guy out there. Like I might. I say
• 34:52
  Speaker 4: I'm a smart guy because that's what my job says
• 34:54
  Speaker 4: I'm supposed to be. But like sometimes I'm just not
• 34:57
  Speaker 4: even thinking I saw, Oh wow, there's power outage. You
• 35:00
  Speaker 4: know in Europe they're pretty severe. Interesting. I never thought
• 35:04
  Speaker 4: for a second, Wait a minute, we're at solar maximum,
• 35:07
  Speaker 4: We're at the time of maximum activity on the Sun.
• 35:10
  Speaker 4: Why would I think that? Because it's happened in the past. Friends,
• 35:14
  Speaker 4: look up the Quebec power outage of nineteen eighty nine.
• 35:17
  Speaker 4: A massive portion of Canada was without power in the
• 35:21
  Speaker 4: wintertime in nineteen eighty nine, because the Sun got grumpy
• 35:25
  Speaker 4: and threw a bunch of radiation at the Earth and
• 35:28
  Speaker 4: fried out a major component of their electrical generation grid.
• 35:32
  Speaker 4: So you know, the thing is, I should have thought
• 35:36
  Speaker 4: of this, but it wasn't until I visited spaceweather dot com. Yep,
• 35:40
  Speaker 4: the second time today we've talked about them, and it's
• 35:43
  Speaker 4: not until I visited space weather that I went, oh, yeah,
• 35:47
  Speaker 4: what maybe it was tied to the Sun. So now
• 35:51
  Speaker 4: the question is, friends, what was the cause of the
• 35:54
  Speaker 4: giant power outage in Spain and Portugal. Was it A
• 36:00
  Speaker 4: that they're using too many environmentally friendly power generation techniques,
• 36:03
  Speaker 4: B that there was some active terrorism like a cyber attack,
• 36:07
  Speaker 4: or C that the Sun threw a giant flare at
• 36:11
  Speaker 4: the Earth and fried their electrical grid, or d none
• 36:16
  Speaker 4: of the above. So you know, I'm a college professor.
• 36:19
  Speaker 4: I put none of the above on all of my
• 36:20
  Speaker 4: multiple guests questions just to confuse students. But in this
• 36:25
  Speaker 4: case it's actually d ho HO at least at this time.
• 36:30
  Speaker 4: Investigations are still underway, but apparently the power generation company
• 36:37
  Speaker 4: in Spain has come out and said, yeah, it's not
• 36:41
  Speaker 4: because we're using too many green technologies to generate power.
• 36:45
  Speaker 4: It's not because there was a cyber attack. And spaceweather
• 36:48
  Speaker 4: dot Com has come out and said, well, it's don't
• 36:50
  Speaker 4: blame the sun because it turns out during that period
• 36:54
  Speaker 4: of time, there were no big solar flares, geomagnetic storms,
• 37:00
  Speaker 4: no suspicious fluctuations in the solar wind that could have
• 37:03
  Speaker 4: caused the power outage. Basically, don't look to the sky, right,
• 37:08
  Speaker 4: It's got to be some kind of a terrestrial origin
• 37:11
  Speaker 4: for the power outage. Want to check that out again
• 37:14
  Speaker 4: the May first edition of spaceweather dot Com. Check it out.
• 37:20
  Speaker 4: Don't blame the sun, go find your own cause for
• 37:23
  Speaker 4: the Spanish power outage.
• 37:26
  Speaker 3: All right, Let's now transition to the final Music under
• 37:31
  Speaker 3: the Dome for this school year, and it's coming up
• 37:35
  Speaker 3: on Tuesday, and it is a special edition of Music
• 37:39
  Speaker 3: under the Dome.
• 37:41
  Speaker 4: They are all special, they are, but they are all special.
• 37:45
  Speaker 3: This is an extra unique version of it. Maybe that's
• 37:49
  Speaker 3: a better way to put it.
• 37:50
  Speaker 4: Some of them are more special than others, but they're
• 37:52
  Speaker 4: all fantastic. No, So, what is the Music under the
• 37:54
  Speaker 4: Dome concert. It is a concert under the Planetarium Dome
• 37:58
  Speaker 4: of the Coca Cola Space Science Center, performed by these
• 38:00
  Speaker 4: students and professors of Schwab School of Music and friends.
• 38:04
  Speaker 4: They are amazing. The ician the musicians performing at these
• 38:08
  Speaker 4: concerts are absolutely fantastic, and the visual effects on the
• 38:13
  Speaker 4: dome are produced by various visual artists, including our friend
• 38:17
  Speaker 4: Catnachan by the way, who's an internationally known space artist anyway,
• 38:20
  Speaker 4: So including our own Lens Tankerusly by the way, who's
• 38:23
  Speaker 4: a planetarium director right here at Space Science Center.
• 38:25
  Speaker 3: Anyway.
• 38:25
  Speaker 4: This time is going to be different, and that's why
• 38:27
  Speaker 4: West said special, because we have a visiting artist that's
• 38:31
  Speaker 4: going to be doing both the music and the visuals
• 38:37
  Speaker 4: in real time simultaneously. What what madness is this? Well,
• 38:44
  Speaker 4: it turns out that in the Atmosphere Theaters Planetarium dome
• 38:48
  Speaker 4: there's a giant nine foot grand piano. It's a concert
• 38:52
  Speaker 4: gran made by Yamaha. It's called a disc Lavier. It
• 38:55
  Speaker 4: was donated by a very generous donation by Gail Greenblatt
• 38:58
  Speaker 4: two the I Mister Universy Schwope School of Music. It
• 39:01
  Speaker 4: is now residing in the planetarium dome to be the
• 39:04
  Speaker 4: central instrument for music under the dome. But it has
• 39:07
  Speaker 4: a special superpower and that It also has a digital
• 39:11
  Speaker 4: component where the piano can be actually interfaced with the
• 39:16
  Speaker 4: planetarium projection system, and the visiting artist for the concert
• 39:21
  Speaker 4: in the month of May is Dan Tepfer, and Dan
• 39:24
  Speaker 4: Tepfer is an expert in interfacing digital pianos like the
• 39:30
  Speaker 4: discal vir with planetarium domes and other large screen format
• 39:35
  Speaker 4: theaters like our Omnosphere. Dan Tepfer is going to come
• 39:39
  Speaker 4: in and produce both the sites and sounds of our
• 39:43
  Speaker 4: last Music under the Dome on May sixth here at
• 39:46
  Speaker 4: the Coca Cola Space Science Center. That's a Tuesday. Wine
• 39:49
  Speaker 4: and Cheese starts at five pm. The concert starts promptly
• 39:53
  Speaker 4: at five thirty seven pm. Guests will be entertained by
• 39:58
  Speaker 4: Dan Tepfer not only controlling the piano and the sounds,
• 40:02
  Speaker 4: but also the visuals on the dome from the keyboard.
• 40:07
  Speaker 4: A unique and amazing experience even within the Music under
• 40:11
  Speaker 4: the Dome collection of concerts friends. So there are only
• 40:15
  Speaker 4: a few tickets left online at this time. If you
• 40:18
  Speaker 4: miss out on those tickets, some tickets will be available
• 40:20
  Speaker 4: day of the show. If you want to know more
• 40:23
  Speaker 4: information about this, check out the website of the Space
• 40:26
  Speaker 4: Science Center www dot CC SSC dot org, Charlie Charlie
• 40:32
  Speaker 4: SamSam Charlie dot org.
• 40:34
  Speaker 3: I gotta tell you this. Someone asked me the other
• 40:36
  Speaker 3: day why I haven't been asked to come up with
• 40:39
  Speaker 3: the visuals for a music under the Dome, And I said,
• 40:41
  Speaker 3: who knows, maybe, just maybe someday I'll get asked. I
• 40:46
  Speaker 3: don't know if they're prepared for what I might come
• 40:48
  Speaker 3: up with, but you can bet Uranus will make an appearance.
• 40:51
  Speaker 3: That's all I would like to say, Sean and I
• 40:53
  Speaker 3: thank you for listening, and we'll do this again next week.
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