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010 - Life at Camp Shaw · Army Life in a Black Regiment

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  Speaker 1: Chapter ten of Army Life in a Black Regiment. This
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  Speaker 1: is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the
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  Speaker 1: public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit
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  Speaker 1: LibriVox dot org. Recording by f N H Army Life
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  Speaker 1: in a Black Regiment by Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Chapter ten,
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  Speaker 1: Life at Camp Shore. The Edisto expedition cost me the
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  Speaker 1: health and strength of several years. I could say long after,
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  Speaker 1: in the words of one of the men, I's been
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  Speaker 1: a sickly person ever since. De Expeditious justice to a
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  Speaker 1: strong constitution and good habits compels me, however, to say that,
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  Speaker 1: up to the time of my injury, I was almost
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  Speaker 1: the only officer in the regiment who had not once
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  Speaker 1: been off duty from illness. But at last I had
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  Speaker 1: to yield and went north for a month. We heard
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  Speaker 1: much said during the war of wounded officers who stayed
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  Speaker 1: unreasonably long at home. I think there were more instances
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  Speaker 1: of those who went back too soon. Such, at least
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  Speaker 1: was my case. On returning to the regiment, I found
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  Speaker 1: a great accumulation of unfinished business. Every member of the
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  Speaker 1: field and staff was prostrated by illness or absent on
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  Speaker 1: detailed service. Two companies had been sent to Hilton Head
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  Speaker 1: on fatigue duty and kept their unexpectedly long, and there
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  Speaker 1: was a visible demoralization among the rest, especially from the
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  Speaker 1: fact that their pay had just been cut down in
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  Speaker 1: violation of the express pledges of the government. A few
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  Speaker 1: weeks of steady sway made all right again, and during
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  Speaker 1: those weeks I felt a perfect exhilaration of health, followed
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  Speaker 1: by a month or two of complete prostration. When the
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  Speaker 1: work was done this passing, I returned to duty, buoyed
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  Speaker 1: up again by the fallacious hope that the winter months
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  Speaker 1: would set me right aga again. We had a new
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  Speaker 1: camp on Port Royal Island, very pleasantly situated just out
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  Speaker 1: of Beaufort. It stretched nearly to the edge of a
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  Speaker 1: shelving bluff, fringed with pines and overlooking the river. Below
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  Speaker 1: the buff was a hard narrow beach where one might
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  Speaker 1: gallop a mile and bathe. At the farther end, we
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  Speaker 1: could look up and down the curving stream and watch
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  Speaker 1: the few vessels that came and went. Our first encampment
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  Speaker 1: had been lowered down the same river, and we felt
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  Speaker 1: at home. The new camp was named Camp Shaw in
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  Speaker 1: honor of the noble young officer who had lately fallen
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  Speaker 1: at Fort Wagner under circumstances which had endeared him to
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  Speaker 1: all the men. As it happened, they had never seen him.
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  Speaker 1: Nor was my regiment ever placed within immediate reach of
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  Speaker 1: the fifty fourth Massachusetts. This I always regretted, feeling very
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  Speaker 1: desirous to compare the military qualities of the Northern and
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  Speaker 1: Southern Blacks. As it was, the Southern regiments with which
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  Speaker 1: the Massachusetts troops were brigaded were hardly a fair specimen
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  Speaker 1: of their car mind, having been raised chiefly by drafting,
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  Speaker 1: and for this and for other causes, being afflicted with
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  Speaker 1: perpetual discontent and desertion, we had of course looked forward
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  Speaker 1: with great interest to the arrival of these new colored regiments,
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  Speaker 1: and I had ridden in from the picket station to
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  Speaker 1: see the fifty fourth. Apart from the peculiarity of its material,
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  Speaker 1: it was fresh from my own state, and I had
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  Speaker 1: relatives and acquaintances among its officers. Governor Andrew, who had
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  Speaker 1: formed it, was an old friend, and had begged me
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  Speaker 1: on departure from Massachusetts to keep him informed as to
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  Speaker 1: our experiment. I had good reason to believe that my
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  Speaker 1: reports had helped to prepare the way for this new battalion,
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  Speaker 1: and I had sent him, at his request, some hints
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  Speaker 1: as to its formation. Boston, February fifth, eighteen sixty three
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  Speaker 1: to Colonel T. W. Higginson, Commanding First Regiment, s C.
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  Speaker 1: Vols Port Royal ID s C. Colonel, I am under
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  Speaker 1: obligations to you for your very interesting letter of January
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  Speaker 1: than nineteenth, which I considered to be too important in
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  Speaker 1: its testimony to the efficiency of Colored troops to be
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  Speaker 1: allowed to remain hidden on my files. I therefore placed
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  Speaker 1: some portions of it in the hands of the Honorable
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  Speaker 1: Stephen M. Weld of Jamaica Plaine for publication. And you
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  Speaker 1: will find inclosed the newspaper slip from the Journal of
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  Speaker 1: February third, in which it appeared. During a recent visit
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  Speaker 1: at Washington, I have obtained permission from the Department of
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  Speaker 1: War to enlist colored troops as part of the Massachusetts Quota,
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  Speaker 1: and I am about to begin to organize a colored
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  Speaker 1: infantry regiment, to be numbered the fifty fourth Massachusetts Volunteers.
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  Speaker 1: I shall be greatly obliged by any suggestions which your
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  Speaker 1: experience may afford concerning it, and I am determined that
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  Speaker 1: it shall serve as a model in the high character
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  Speaker 1: of its officers and through discipline of its men, for
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  Speaker 1: all subsequent corps of the like material. Please present to
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  Speaker 1: General Saxton the assurances of my respectful regard. I have
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  Speaker 1: the honour to be respectfully in abe veediantly yours, John A. Andrew,
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  Speaker 1: Governor of Massachusetts. In the streets of Beaufort, I had
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  Speaker 1: met Colonel Shaw riding with his lieutenant colonel and successor,
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  Speaker 1: Edward Hallowell, and had gone back with them to share
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  Speaker 1: their first meal in camp. I should have known Shaw
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  Speaker 1: anywhere by his resemblance to his kindred nor did it
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  Speaker 1: take long to perceive that he shared their habitual truthfulness
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  Speaker 1: and courage. Moreover, he and Hallowell had already got beyond
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  Speaker 1: the commonplaces of inexperience in regard to Colored troops, and
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  Speaker 1: for a wonder asked only sensible questions. For instance, he
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  Speaker 1: admitted the mere matter of courage to be settled as
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  Speaker 1: regarded to the Colored troops, and his whole solicitude bore
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  Speaker 1: on this point. Would they do as well in line
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  Speaker 1: of battle as they had already done in the irregular service,
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  Speaker 1: and on picket and on guard duty of this I had,
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  Speaker 1: of course no doubt, nor I think had he, though
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  Speaker 1: I remember his saying something about the possible of putting
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  Speaker 1: them between two fires in case of need, and so
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  Speaker 1: cutting off their retreat. I should never have thought of
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  Speaker 1: such a project. But I could not have expected him
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  Speaker 1: to trust them as I did until he had been
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  Speaker 1: exactly under fire with them. That doubtless removed all his anxieties,
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  Speaker 1: if he really had any. This interview had occurred on
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  Speaker 1: the fourth of June. Shaw and his regiment had very
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  Speaker 1: soon been ordered to Georgia, then to Morris Island. Fort
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  Speaker 1: Wagner had been assaulted, and he had been killed. Most
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  Speaker 1: of the men knew about the circumstances of his death,
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  Speaker 1: and many of them had subscribed towards a monument for him,
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  Speaker 1: a project which originated with General Saxton, and which was
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  Speaker 1: finally embodied in the Shore Schoolhouse at Charleston. So it
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  Speaker 1: gave us all pleasure to name this camp for him,
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  Speaker 1: as its predecessor had been named for General Saxton. The
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  Speaker 1: new camp was soon brought into good order. The men
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  Speaker 1: had great ingenuity in building screens and shelters of light poles,
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  Speaker 1: filled in with grain moss from the live oaks. The
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  Speaker 1: officers had vestibules built in this way before all their tents.
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  Speaker 1: The cooking places were walled round in the same fashion,
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  Speaker 1: and some of the wide company streets had sheltered sidewalks
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  Speaker 1: down the whole line of tents. The sergeant on duty
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  Speaker 1: at the entrance of the camp had a similar bower,
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  Speaker 1: and the architecture culminated in a praise house for school
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  Speaker 1: and prayer meetings, some thirty feet in diameter. As for
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  Speaker 1: chimneys and flooring, they were provided with that magic and
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  Speaker 1: invisible facility which marks the second year of a regiment's life.
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  Speaker 1: That officer is happy, who, besides a constitutional love of adventure,
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  Speaker 1: has also a love for the details of camp life,
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  Speaker 1: and likes to bring them to perfection. Nothing but a
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  Speaker 1: hen with her chickens about her can symbolize the content
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  Speaker 1: I felt on getting my scattered companies together after some
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  Speaker 1: temporary separation on picket or fatigue duty. Then we went
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  Speaker 1: to work upon the nest. The only way to keep
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  Speaker 1: a camp in all order is to set about everything
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  Speaker 1: as if you expected to stay there forever. If you stay,
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  Speaker 1: you get the comfort of it. If ordered a way
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  Speaker 1: in twenty four hours, you forget all wasted labor in
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  Speaker 1: the excitement of departure. Thus viewed, a camp is a
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  Speaker 1: sort of model farm or bit of landscape gardening. There
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  Speaker 1: is always some small improvement to be made a trench,
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  Speaker 1: a well, more shade against the sun, and increased vigilance
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  Speaker 1: in sweeping. Then it is pleasant to take care of
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  Speaker 1: the men, to see them happy, to hear them per.
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  Speaker 1: Then the duties of inspection and drill, suspended during the
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  Speaker 1: active service, resume their importance with a month or two
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  Speaker 1: of quiet. It really costs unceasing labor to keep a
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  Speaker 1: regiment in perfect condition and ready for service. The work
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  Speaker 1: is made up of minute and endless details, like a
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  Speaker 1: bird's pruning her feathers or a cat's licking her kittens
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  Speaker 1: into the proper toilet. Here are eight hundred men, every
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  Speaker 1: one of whom, every Sunday morning at farthest must be
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  Speaker 1: perfect presented in all personal properties. He must exhibit himself
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  Speaker 1: provided with every article of clothing, buttons, shoe strings, hooks
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  Speaker 1: and eyes, company letter, regimental number, rifle, bayonet, baynet, scabbard, cap, pouch, cartridge, box, cartridge, box, belt, cartridge, box,
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  Speaker 1: belt plate, gun sling canteen, have a sack knapsack packed
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  Speaker 1: according to rule, forty cartridges, forty percussion caps, and every
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  Speaker 1: one of these articles polished to the highest brightness or blackness,
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  Speaker 1: as the case may be, and moreover, hung or slung,
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  Speaker 1: or tied or carried in precisely the correct manner. What
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  Speaker 1: a vast and formidable housekeeping is here, my patriotic sisters.
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  Speaker 1: Consider too, that every corner of the camp is to
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  Speaker 1: be kept absolutely clean and ready for exhibition at the
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  Speaker 1: shortest notice. Hospitals, stables, guardhouse, cook houses, company tents must
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  Speaker 1: all be brought to perfection, and every square inch of
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  Speaker 1: this farm of four acres must look as smooth as
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  Speaker 1: an English lawn twice a day. All this besides the
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  Speaker 1: discipline and the drill, and the regimental and the company books,
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  Speaker 1: which must be kept rigid account of all details. Consider
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  Speaker 1: all this, and then wonder no more that officers and
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  Speaker 1: men rejoice in being ordered on active service, where a
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  Speaker 1: few strokes of the pen will dispose of all this
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  Speaker 1: multiplicity of trappings as expended in action or lost in service.
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  Speaker 1: For one, the longer I remained in service, the better
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  Speaker 1: I appreciated the good sense of most of the regular
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  Speaker 1: army niceties. True, these things must all vanish when the
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  Speaker 1: time of action comes. But it is these things that
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  Speaker 1: have prepared you for action. Of course, if you dwell
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  Speaker 1: on them, only military life becomes millinery life alone. King
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  Speaker 1: Lake says that the Russian Grand Duke Constantine, contemplating his
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  Speaker 1: beautiful toy regiments, said that he dreaded war, for he
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  Speaker 1: knew that it would spoil the troops. The simple fact
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  Speaker 1: is that a soldier's life the weapon he carries. Service
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  Speaker 1: implies soiling, but you must have it clean in advance,
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  Speaker 1: that when soiled, it may be of some use. The
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  Speaker 1: men had that year a Christmas present which they enjoyed
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  Speaker 1: to the utmost, furnishing the detail every other day for
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  Speaker 1: provost guard duty in Beaufort. It was the only military
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  Speaker 1: service which they had ever shared within the town, and it,
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  Speaker 1: moreover gave a sense of self respect to be keeping
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  Speaker 1: the peace of their own streets. I enjoyed seeing them
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  Speaker 1: put on duty these mornings. There was such a twinkle
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  Speaker 1: of delight in their eyes, though their features were immovable.
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  Speaker 1: As the reliefs went round posting the guard under charge
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  Speaker 1: of a corporal, one could watch the black sentinels successfully dropped,
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  Speaker 1: and the whites picked up, gradually changing the complexion, like
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  Speaker 1: Lord Somebody's black stockings which became white stockings, till at
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  Speaker 1: last there were only a squad of white soldiers obeying
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  Speaker 1: the support arms forward march of a black corporal. Then,
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  Speaker 1: when once hoasted, they glorified in their office. You may
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  Speaker 1: be sure discipline had grown rather free and easy in
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  Speaker 1: the town about that time, and it is said that
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  Speaker 1: the guard house never was so full with human memory
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  Speaker 1: as after their first tour of duty. I remember hearing
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  Speaker 1: that one young reprobate, son of a leading northern philanthropist
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  Speaker 1: in those parts, was much aggrieved at being taken to
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  Speaker 1: the lock up merely because he was found drunk in
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  Speaker 1: the streets. Why, said he, The white corporals always showed
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  Speaker 1: me the way home, And I can testify that after
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  Speaker 1: an evening party some weeks later, I heard with pleasure
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  Speaker 1: the officers, asking eagerly for the countersign. Who has the countersign?
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  Speaker 1: Said they, The darkies are on guard to night, and
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  Speaker 1: we must look out for our lives. Even after a
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  Speaker 1: Christmas party at General Saxton's, the guard at the door
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  Speaker 1: very properly refused to let the ambulance be brought round
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  Speaker 1: to the stable for the ladies, because the driver had
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  Speaker 1: not the countersign. One of the sergeants of the Guard,
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  Speaker 1: on one of these occasions, made to one who questioned
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  Speaker 1: his authority an answer that could hardly have been improved.
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  Speaker 1: The questioner had just been arrested for some offense. Know
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  Speaker 1: what DAP mean, said the indignant sergeant, pointing to the
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  Speaker 1: chevrons on his own sleeve. DAP mean government Volumes could
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  Speaker 1: not have said more, and the victim collapsed. The thing
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  Speaker 1: soon settled itself, and nobody remembered to notice whether the
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  Speaker 1: face beside the musket of a sentinel were white or black.
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  Speaker 1: It meant government all the same. The men were also
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  Speaker 1: indulged with several raids on the mainland, under the direction
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  Speaker 1: of Captain J. E. Bryant of the eighth Maine, the
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  Speaker 1: most experienced scout in that region, who was endeavoring to
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  Speaker 1: raise by enlistment a regiment of colored troops. On one occasion,
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  Speaker 1: Captains Whitney and Heasley, with their companies, penetrated nearly to Pocatalligo,
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  Speaker 1: capturing some pickets and bringing away all the slaves of
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  Speaker 1: a plantation. The latter operation being entirely under the charge
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  Speaker 1: of Sergeant Harry William's company k without the presence of
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  Speaker 1: any white man. The whole command was attacked on the
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  Speaker 1: return by a rebel force, which turned out to be
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  Speaker 1: what was called in those regions a dog company, consisting
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  Speaker 1: of mounted riflemen with half a dozen trained bloodhounds. The
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  Speaker 1: men met these dogs with their bayonets, killed four or
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  Speaker 1: five of their old tormentors with great relish, and brought
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  Speaker 1: away the carcass of one. I had the creature skinned
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  Speaker 1: and sent the skin to New York to be stuffed
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  Speaker 1: and mounted, meaning to exhibit it at the Sanitary Commission
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  Speaker 1: Fair in Boston, but it spoiled on the passage. These
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  Speaker 1: quadruped allies were not originally intended as dogs of war,
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  Speaker 1: but simply to detect fugitive slaves, and the men were
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  Speaker 1: delighted at this confirmation of their tales of dog companies,
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  Speaker 1: which some of the officers had always disbelieved. Captain Bryant,
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  Speaker 1: during his scouting adventures, had learned to outwit these bloodhounds
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  Speaker 1: and used his skill in eluding escape. During another expedition
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  Speaker 1: of the same kind, he was sent with Captain Metcalf's
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  Speaker 1: company far up the Kumbayi River to cut the telegraphic
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  Speaker 1: wires and intercept despatches. Our adventurous chaplain and a telegraphic
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  Speaker 1: operator went with the party. They ascended the river, cut
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  Speaker 1: the wires, and read the despatches for an hour or two. Unfortunately,
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  Speaker 1: the attacked wire was too conspicuously hung and was seen
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  Speaker 1: by a passenger on the railway line in passing. The
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  Speaker 1: train was stopped and a swift stampede followed. A squad
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  Speaker 1: of cavalry was sent in pursuit, and our chaplain with
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  Speaker 1: Lieutenant Osborne of Bryant's projected Regiment were captured, also one private,
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  Speaker 1: the first of our men who had ever been taken prisoner.
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  Speaker 1: In spite of an agreement at Washington to the contrary,
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  Speaker 1: our chaplain was held as a prisoner of war, the
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  Speaker 1: only spiritual adviser in uniforms so far as I know,
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  Speaker 1: who had that honor. I do not know, but his
• 15:56
  Speaker 1: reverence would have agreed with Scott's pirate lieutenant that it
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  Speaker 1: was better to live as Plain Jack Bunce than die
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  Speaker 1: as Frederic Altamont. But I am very sure that he
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  Speaker 1: would rather have been kept prisoner to the close of
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  Speaker 1: the war as a combatant, than have been released on
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  Speaker 1: parole as a non resistant. After his return, I remember,
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  Speaker 1: he gave the most animated accounts of the whole adventure,
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  Speaker 1: of which he had enjoyed every instant, from the first
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  Speaker 1: entrance on the enemy's soil to the final capture. I
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  Speaker 1: suppose we would all like to tap the telegraphic wires
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  Speaker 1: anywhere and read our neighbour's messages, if we could only
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  Speaker 1: throw round this process the dignity of a sacred cause.
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  Speaker 1: This was what our good chaplain had done with the
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  Speaker 1: same conscientious zest with which he had conducted his Sunday
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  Speaker 1: foraging in Florida. But he told me that nothing so
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  Speaker 1: impressed him was on the whole trip as the sudden
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  Speaker 1: transformation in the black soldier who had taken prisoner with him.
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  Speaker 1: The chaplain at once adopted the policy natural to him
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  Speaker 1: of talking boldly and even defiantly to his captors marding
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  Speaker 1: instead of beseeching. He pursued the same policy always and
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  Speaker 1: gained by it, he thought. But the negro adopted the
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  Speaker 1: diametrically opposite policy, also congenial to his crushed race. All
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  Speaker 1: the force seemed to go out of him, and he
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  Speaker 1: surrendered himself like a tortoise, to be kicked and trodden
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  Speaker 1: upon at will. This manly well trained soldier at once
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  Speaker 1: became a slave again, asked no questions, and if any
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  Speaker 1: were asked, made meek and conciliatory answers. He did not know,
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  Speaker 1: nor did any of us, know, whether he would be
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  Speaker 1: treated as a prisoner of war, or shot, or sent
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  Speaker 1: to a rice plantation. He simply acted according to the
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  Speaker 1: traditions of his race, as did the chaplain on his side.
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  Speaker 1: In the end, the soldier's cunning was vindicated by the
• 17:48
  Speaker 1: result he escaped and rejoined us in six months, while
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  Speaker 1: the chaplain was imprisoned for a year. The men came
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  Speaker 1: back very much exhausted from this expedition, and those who
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  Speaker 1: were in the chaplain squad narrowly escaped with their lives.
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  Speaker 1: One brave fellow had actually not a morsel to eat
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  Speaker 1: for four days, and then could keep nothing on his
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  Speaker 1: stomach for two more, so that his life was despared
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  Speaker 1: of and yet he brought all his equipment safe into camp.
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  Speaker 1: Some of these men had led such wandering lives in
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  Speaker 1: woods and swamps that to hunt them was like hunting
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  Speaker 1: an otter, Shyness and concealment had grown to be their
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  Speaker 1: second nature. After these little episodes came two months of peace.
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  Speaker 1: We were clean, comfortable, quiet, and consequently discontented. It was
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  Speaker 1: therefore with eagerness that we listened to a rumor of
• 18:40
  Speaker 1: a new Florida expedition in which we might possibly take
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  Speaker 1: a hand. End of Chapter ten recording by f n H.
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  Speaker 1: Visit w w W dot print and play dot co
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  Speaker 1: dot UK, mum z