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39 - Story Of The World- A Simple History For Boys And Girls by Elizabeth O'Neill · Story Of The World- A Simple History For Boys And Girls

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  Speaker 1: Chapter thirty nine of the Story of the World A
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  Speaker 1: Simple History for Boys and Girls. This is a LibriVox recording.
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  Speaker 1: All liberyvox recordings are in the public domain. For more
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  Speaker 1: information or to volunteer, please visit liberyvox dot org. Read
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  Speaker 1: by Victor Sheremet. The Story of the World, A Simple
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  Speaker 1: History for Boys and Girls by Elizabeth O'Neill, chapter thirty nine,
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  Speaker 1: The Story of India. During the Seven Years War in Europe,
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  Speaker 1: England won all India for her own. India is a
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  Speaker 1: great peninsula in the south of Asia, and almost a
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  Speaker 1: continent in itself as far as size goes. It is
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  Speaker 1: separated from Asia by a chain of mountains, in which
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  Speaker 1: are some of the highest peaks in the world. All
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  Speaker 1: through the days of Greece and Rome and the Middle Ages,
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  Speaker 1: people did not know much about India. It had a
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  Speaker 1: separate life of its own. We have seen, how about
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  Speaker 1: the time when the Jews were wandering west from Mesopotamia
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  Speaker 1: to find a home in the land of Canaan. A
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  Speaker 1: branch of the Aryan people to which the Persians and
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  Speaker 1: Greeks and Romans and the English all belonged, was pouring
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  Speaker 1: into India. There were already people in India of another race,
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  Speaker 1: darker still than the brown skinned branch of the Aryan people,
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  Speaker 1: which now came in and conquered them. The Dravidians, as
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  Speaker 1: these people were called, were easily conquered by the Aryans,
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  Speaker 1: and soon there were far more Aryans in the north.
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  Speaker 1: But in the high table land in the south of
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  Speaker 1: India called the Deacon there were always more Dravidians than Aryans,
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  Speaker 1: and still today the people of that part of India,
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  Speaker 1: and of the island of Ceylon to the south of
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  Speaker 1: India belonged chiefly to these people, who are rather like
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  Speaker 1: the Negroes of Africa. The Dravidians were quite savage people
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  Speaker 1: and not very intelligent. They believed in wicked spirits and
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  Speaker 1: the demons, and the preyed to them. The Aryans made
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  Speaker 1: slaves of the Dravidians. They themselves were divided into three
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  Speaker 1: classes or castes. They were the priests or Brahmans, who
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  Speaker 1: really governed the others, the soldiers and the ordinary people.
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  Speaker 1: The people of one caste could not marry with those
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  Speaker 1: of another. Not even the orking class would marry with
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  Speaker 1: the conquered Dravidians. There were divisions again in each caste,
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  Speaker 1: and often the people of one division could not marry
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  Speaker 1: or even eat with the people of another. This cast system,
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  Speaker 1: as it is called, still goes on in India today.
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  Speaker 1: Alexander the Great, as we know, led an army into
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  Speaker 1: India and won some battles, but he never made any
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  Speaker 1: real conquest. After this, no outside people troubled India for
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  Speaker 1: many years. Sometimes in the seventh and eighth centuries, when
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  Speaker 1: the followers of mohammed were conquering West India, North Africa
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  Speaker 1: and Spain, a few Arabs would cross the Himalayas, but
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  Speaker 1: there was never any real conquest until in the year
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  Speaker 1: one thousand and four, Anno Domini, a Mohammedan leader from
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  Speaker 1: a place called Ghuzni in the country which is now
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  Speaker 1: called Afghanistan to the northwest of in India, took a
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  Speaker 1: great army and conquered the Punjab, as the land round
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  Speaker 1: the great River Indus and its tributaries is called. After this,
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  Speaker 1: there were many Mohammedan invasions and conquests, lasting for over
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  Speaker 1: five hundred years right through the Middle Ages. In this way,
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  Speaker 1: a new people and a Mohammedan religion found their way
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  Speaker 1: into India. This is why today among all the different
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  Speaker 1: people of India, so many Mohammedans are to be found,
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  Speaker 1: even more than there are Hindus, who keep to their
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  Speaker 1: old religion of the Brahmans. In the early part of
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  Speaker 1: the sixteenth century, a new people swarmed into India, a
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  Speaker 1: great band of Mongolians from the center of Asia, and
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  Speaker 1: their leader made himself a ruler of all India. He
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  Speaker 1: was called the Great Mogul and had his capital at Delhi.
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  Speaker 1: The grandson of this first Mongolian conqueror, who ruled when
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  Speaker 1: his time came, was called Akbar. He was a very
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  Speaker 1: fine soldier and a splendid ruler. The country was happy
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  Speaker 1: and peaceful under him. He died two years after Queen Elizabeth,
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  Speaker 1: and it is strange to think that while in the
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  Speaker 1: countries of Europe Protestants and Catholics were being so dreadfully
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  Speaker 1: persecuted for their religion, this great Eastern ruler had given
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  Speaker 1: toleration to Hindus and Mohammedans equally. The rulers who came
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  Speaker 1: after him seemed almost more splendid, but they were very different.
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  Speaker 1: They were cruel like so many Eastern kings and emperors,
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  Speaker 1: and thought very little of murdering anyone who offended them.
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  Speaker 1: The greatest of all, for the magnificence of his court,
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  Speaker 1: was the Great Mogul Aurangzib. He had stolen the throne
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  Speaker 1: from his father, whom he put into prison. To make
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  Speaker 1: himself safer. He then murdered his own three brothers. The
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  Speaker 1: palace of the Great Mogul at Delhi was one of
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  Speaker 1: the wonders of the world. Before its gates stood two
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  Speaker 1: great elephants carved out of stone, with immense statues of
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  Speaker 1: soldiers on their backs. The great hall of the palace,
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  Speaker 1: where the durbar or council met, had a roof of
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  Speaker 1: pure white marble held up by thirty columns or so
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  Speaker 1: of marble. The Great Mogul had seven magnificent throne covered
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  Speaker 1: with different precious stones, one with pearls, another with robbies,
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  Speaker 1: another with diamonds, and so on. But all this splendor
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  Speaker 1: could not make our ang Zib happy, and his last
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  Speaker 1: years he was full of fear lest someone should murder him,
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  Speaker 1: as he had murdered so many. Soon after his death,
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  Speaker 1: his great empire broke up into many little states. Most
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  Speaker 1: of the rulers pretended to obey the Great Mogul at
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  Speaker 1: so many races and so many divisions, it would be
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  Speaker 1: easy for a strong power to come and conquer, and
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  Speaker 1: that is what happened. We saw how the Portuguese, who
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  Speaker 1: were the first Europeans to sail to India, set up
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  Speaker 1: a place at Goa where they could exchange the things
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  Speaker 1: they brought from Europe for the spicies which they carried
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  Speaker 1: back from India. The Portuguese said that they alone, of
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  Speaker 1: all the people of Europe, had the right to trade
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  Speaker 1: with India. But it was not long before the Dutch
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  Speaker 1: ships began to trade with the towns on the east
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  Speaker 1: coast of India. In time, France and England both set
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  Speaker 1: up trading stations in India too. The chief English stations
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  Speaker 1: were Calcutta and Madras on the east coast, and Bombay
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  Speaker 1: on the west. The chief French trading station was Pondisieri,
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  Speaker 1: south of Madras. The English and French each paid some
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  Speaker 1: money every year to one of the native princes for
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  Speaker 1: permission to trade. The Frenchman Duplay, who was in charge
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  Speaker 1: of Pondisiery, was the first to have the idea of
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  Speaker 1: how easy it would be for a strong European people
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  Speaker 1: to win this great country for themselves. He thought that
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  Speaker 1: if only the English could be driven from India, France
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  Speaker 1: could win this wonderful prize. The two countries were on
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  Speaker 1: opposite sides in the War of the Austrian Succession, and
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  Speaker 1: the Playee made this an excuse for attacking the English.
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  Speaker 1: In Madras. An English fleet was quite near, but was
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  Speaker 1: met by a small French fleet under another Frenchman called
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  Speaker 1: La Bourdonnais. The fleets fought and thought neither one. The
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  Speaker 1: English sailed away and saw the Playee, with the help
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  Speaker 1: of the La Bourdonee, was able to take Madras, where
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  Speaker 1: there were very few men. Most of the English were
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  Speaker 1: carried off to Pondichery, but some escaped to another little
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  Speaker 1: station which the English held a few miles south of Madras.
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  Speaker 1: The Playee attacked this station, which was called Fort Saint David,
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  Speaker 1: but the little band of Englishmen held it bravely, and
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  Speaker 1: it was still unconquered. When peace was made between France
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  Speaker 1: in England at the end of the War of the
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  Speaker 1: Austrian Succession, the play was ordered to give Madras back
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  Speaker 1: to the English, and did so very unwillingly. The Englishmen
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  Speaker 1: at the trading stations in India were working for the
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  Speaker 1: East India Company, which had been given the rights of
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  Speaker 1: all trade with India by Queen Elizabeth. Among the clerks
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  Speaker 1: in the company's service at Madras was a young man
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  Speaker 1: called Robert Clive. He had been the naughty boy of
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  Speaker 1: the family among his brothers and sisters in his English home.
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  Speaker 1: He was very passionate and very mischievous when he was
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  Speaker 1: a little boy. Once he climbed to the top of
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  Speaker 1: a very high steeple, and everyone who saw him was terrified,
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  Speaker 1: but he got down safely. After all, he went to
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  Speaker 1: many schools, but never learned very much. When he was eighteen,
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  Speaker 1: he was sent out to India. He hated being a
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  Speaker 1: clerk and felt very lonely and sad. Twice he tried
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  Speaker 1: to shoot himself, but didn't shoot straight, and then he
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  Speaker 1: made up his mind that he must be meant for
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  Speaker 1: something great. He was one of the men who escaped
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  Speaker 1: to Fort Saint David from Madras. At last, he had
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  Speaker 1: found something that he really liked to do, and when
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  Speaker 1: he went back to Madras, he got the company to
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  Speaker 1: have him as a soldier instead of a clerk. There
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  Speaker 1: was no peace for very long between the English and
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  Speaker 1: French in India. They now hated each other bitterly. Their
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  Speaker 1: countries were at peace until the Seven Years War broke
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  Speaker 1: out in seventeen fifty six, but long before this there
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  Speaker 1: was fighting again in India. The way in which the
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  Speaker 1: French and English found excuses for fighting was to take
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  Speaker 1: part in quarrels between the native princes of the states
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  Speaker 1: in the Deacon, which broke out at this time. There
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  Speaker 1: were struggles about the crowns of the Deacon and of
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  Speaker 1: the Carnatic province. In the Deacon the French took one
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  Speaker 1: side and the English the other. The princes from the
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  Speaker 1: French were helping were successful at first, and great honor
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  Speaker 1: was done to do Play. He was dressed in beautiful
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  Speaker 1: mohammed and robes, and the monument was put up with
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  Speaker 1: the story of his greatness in four languages. The natives,
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  Speaker 1: who had before despised the white men, had begun to
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  Speaker 1: see how powerful they really were. In a fight which
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  Speaker 1: had broken out between the French and the native Prince Duplay,
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  Speaker 1: with a few French Soul had defeated a large army
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  Speaker 1: of natives. The Hindus had no idea of training their soldiers,
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  Speaker 1: but both French and English had found out by this
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  Speaker 1: time that the native soldiers were almost as good as
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  Speaker 1: white soldiers. The natives who were trained in this way
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  Speaker 1: were called sepois. When the English in Madras saw how
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  Speaker 1: the Play and his friends were succeeding, they sent soldiers
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  Speaker 1: to help the town of Trichinopoli, where the native prince
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  Speaker 1: called Mohammed Ali, whose side they were taking against the French,
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  Speaker 1: was being besieged. Among the soldiers sent to Trichinopoli was Clive,
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  Speaker 1: but he saw that not much good could be done there,
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  Speaker 1: so he went back to Madras and asked the governor
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  Speaker 1: to give him soldiers to attack Arquot. The capitell of
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  Speaker 1: the Carnatic natives were watching Clive with his two hundred
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  Speaker 1: English soldiers and his three hundred sepoys, as he marched
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  Speaker 1: along the sixty five miles to Arcot. A great storm
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  Speaker 1: came on, but Clive took no notice of the thunder
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  Speaker 1: and lightning, and marched steadily on. They seemed wonderful to
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  Speaker 1: the natives, and they sent messenger on to Arcot to
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  Speaker 1: tell the natives their what a brave enemy was coming
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  Speaker 1: against them. The people of Arcot were so frightened that
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  Speaker 1: they fled away and Clive took the empty town without
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  Speaker 1: any fighting at all, but soon soldiers were sent from
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  Speaker 1: Trichinopoly to attack them. Clive and his men fought them
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  Speaker 1: for weeks. The Sepoys, as well as the White soldiers,
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  Speaker 1: loved and admired them. The Sepoys did a very fine thing.
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  Speaker 1: There was not much to it except a little rise,
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  Speaker 1: and they said that the White soldiers might have all
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  Speaker 1: the rise, while they could manage quite well with the
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  Speaker 1: water in which it was boiled. At last, one day
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  Speaker 1: the enemy made one last great attack. In the front
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  Speaker 1: of the army were great elephants with iron weapons on
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  Speaker 1: their heads, to batter down the gates of the town.
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  Speaker 1: But when the English fired on them, the elephants turned
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  Speaker 1: and fled, trading down and crushing the men of their
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  Speaker 1: own army. In an hour, the enemy had fled, and
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  Speaker 1: a great siege of Arcot was over. Clive won many
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  Speaker 1: victories after this, and soon the English were as powerful
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  Speaker 1: in the Carnatic as the French had been. Duplea was
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  Speaker 1: a great statesman, but not a great soldier. He had
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  Speaker 1: had no help from France, and in a year or
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  Speaker 1: two he was called home in disgrace. He died broken
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  Speaker 1: hearted at the thought of the empire he had tried
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  Speaker 1: to win for France and which had been taken instead
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  Speaker 1: by the English. Meanwhile, Clive had gone back to England
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  Speaker 1: for a rest and had been praised and honored by everyone.
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  Speaker 1: On the day he landed again in India, a very
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  Speaker 1: dreadful thing had happened, though Clive didn't hear of it
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  Speaker 1: at once, the Black Hole of Calcutta. In Calcutta, so
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  Speaker 1: far all had been peaceful. The English were quite friendly
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  Speaker 1: with the ruler or Nawab of Bengal, but in seventeen
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  Speaker 1: fifty six he died and a young man called serrajud
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  Speaker 1: Daoula became Nawab. He was really half mad and dreadfully cruel,
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  Speaker 1: very much like the Emperor Nero in character. He had
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  Speaker 1: an idea that there were great treasures shut up in
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  Speaker 1: the fourth of Calcutta, and made up his mind to
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  Speaker 1: get them. He quarreled with the English and the attacked
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  Speaker 1: the fort. The women and children were put safely on
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  Speaker 1: ships in the river, all but one lady who would
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  Speaker 1: not leave her husband. But the fort was taken and
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  Speaker 1: two hundred men in it. The Nawab ordered that one
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  Speaker 1: hundred and forty six of them should be shut up
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  Speaker 1: in a small room with only two tiny windows. It
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  Speaker 1: was called the black Hole of Calcutta. The night was
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  Speaker 1: terribly hot, and soon the poor prisoners were crying for
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  Speaker 1: air and water. But the native soldiers at first only
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  Speaker 1: laughed and held torches to the windows so that they
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  Speaker 1: could see the people struggling inside, for they were half
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  Speaker 1: mad by this time. At last they brought some skin
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  Speaker 1: bottles of water, but they were too big to pass
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  Speaker 1: between the bars. Some was poured in and a few
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  Speaker 1: drops caught, but the fighting and shrieking grew worse than ever,
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  Speaker 1: until the sound died down to moon In the morning.
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  Speaker 1: Twenty three people crawled out when the door was opened.
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  Speaker 1: The lady who would not leave her husband was among them,
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  Speaker 1: but he was dead inside. When the story of this
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  Speaker 1: terrible night reached the other English in India, Clive set
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  Speaker 1: out at once with an army of Englishmen and sepoys
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  Speaker 1: as before, and sailed to Calcutta. He easily conquered the
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  Speaker 1: Nawab and got Calcutta back. Serajud Daoula made many promises,
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  Speaker 1: and Clive didn't punish him further, but soon he found
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  Speaker 1: out that Nawab was trying to get help from a
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  Speaker 1: French fort near against the English. So Clive besieged the
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  Speaker 1: fort and took it, so ended French power in the
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  Speaker 1: north of India. Then Clive went against the Nawab, who
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  Speaker 1: had an enormous army at Plassey, ninety six miles to
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  Speaker 1: the north of Calcutta. Here he won the famous Battle
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  Speaker 1: of Plassy with three thousand men against nearly sixty thousand.
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  Speaker 1: Clive made mere Jaffa sirajud Daula's general ruler of Bengal,
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  Speaker 1: but he had to pay a great deal of money
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  Speaker 1: to the English. It was not long before he murdered
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  Speaker 1: his old master and so revenged the English for the
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  Speaker 1: terrible tragedy of the Black Hole of Calcutta. The Battle
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  Speaker 1: of Plessy was won in seventeen fifty seven, and William Pitt,
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  Speaker 1: who was choosing the man and arranging for the struggle
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  Speaker 1: with France and Europe and America, said that Clive was
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  Speaker 1: a heaven born general. Three years later, another English commander,
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  Speaker 1: Ayer Court, defeated the French in the south of India
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  Speaker 1: at the Battle of wandew Wash. After this, France had
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  Speaker 1: no further chance in India, but even the best Englishmen
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  Speaker 1: were inclined to think of India as a place from
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  Speaker 1: which to get money to send home to England. The
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  Speaker 1: Englishman in the service of the e East India Company
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  Speaker 1: were very badly paid, and so although they were forbidden
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  Speaker 1: to trade for themselves, they did so. They were very
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  Speaker 1: unjust to the natives, and soon there was a great
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  Speaker 1: deal of misery in India. There was another massacre at Patna,
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  Speaker 1: as bad as that of the Black Hole. This was
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  Speaker 1: while Clive was away in England. He went back and
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  Speaker 1: tried to put things in order and give more justice
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  Speaker 1: to the natives. But even Clive had done some things
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  Speaker 1: which seemed very unjust to the English at home when
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  Speaker 1: they heard of them, for they didn't know how difficult
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  Speaker 1: things were in India, and how hard it was to
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  Speaker 1: be sure that the natives princes would keep their promises.
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  Speaker 1: So when Clive got back to England again, he had
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  Speaker 1: to defend himself in Parliament against people who said he
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  Speaker 1: had behaved wickedly in India. In the end, Parliament declared
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  Speaker 1: that Robert Lord Clive did render great and meritorious services
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  Speaker 1: to his country. But Clive had been dreadfully upset his
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  Speaker 1: old sadness came on him again, and one day he
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  Speaker 1: was found dead. He had killed himself. Still things were
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  Speaker 1: very bad in India. The native princes had no longer
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  Speaker 1: any power. The Englishmen paid large sums of money to them,
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  Speaker 1: and they had to be content with death. All the
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  Speaker 1: taxes collected from the people were now paid to the
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  Speaker 1: East India Company. But the Englishmen didn't really understand what
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  Speaker 1: was going on, and the native collectors took much more
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  Speaker 1: from the people than they should have done, and kept
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  Speaker 1: a great deal of the money for themselves. The people
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  Speaker 1: grew poorer and poorer. Then there was a great famine.
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  Speaker 1: The people were starving and became as thin as skeletons.
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  Speaker 1: Thousands died and their bodies lay unburied, and then plague
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  Speaker 1: broke out. At last, Warren Hastings, who was in the
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  Speaker 1: service of the East India Company and had fought in
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  Speaker 1: the Battle of Plessy, was sent out as governor. He
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  Speaker 1: was like to play a statesman more than a soldier,
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  Speaker 1: and he did all he could to make things better.
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  Speaker 1: But even then things were still very bad. Much trouble
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  Speaker 1: came through the English, not understanding the customs of the Hindus.
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  Speaker 1: Once a man who had cheated the English very badly,
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  Speaker 1: was put to death. In those days, stealing or cheating
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  Speaker 1: was still punished by death, even in England. But this
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  Speaker 1: man was a Brahman, and to the natives it seemed
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  Speaker 1: a terrible thing that one of the priestly castes should
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  Speaker 1: be killed. At last. People in England began to think
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  Speaker 1: that the East India Company should not have the government
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  Speaker 1: of India, and the President was sent out to rule
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  Speaker 1: India for the government at home. In the years seventeen
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  Speaker 1: eighty eight, an attack was made on Warren Hastings and
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  Speaker 1: he was tried before Parliament for misrule in India. Edmund Burke,
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  Speaker 1: a famous Irish member of Parliament and a splendid speaker,
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  Speaker 1: began with a speech in which he described the terrible
• 23:22
  Speaker 1: sufferings of the natives and the awful behavior of Hastings.
• 23:27
  Speaker 1: People wept while Bark spoke, and there was a terrible
• 23:30
  Speaker 1: feeling against Hastings. But as time went on, people began
• 23:34
  Speaker 1: to understand the truth of the case, and at the
• 23:38
  Speaker 1: end of seven years Hastings were declared not guilty. He
• 23:42
  Speaker 1: lived a happy, cheerful life in his English country home
• 23:46
  Speaker 1: until he died when he was eighty seven years old.
• 23:50
  Speaker 1: As time went on, England got power over all the
• 23:54
  Speaker 1: native princes of India. Many of them made treaties with
• 23:58
  Speaker 1: the English, by which their soldiers were put under British
• 24:01
  Speaker 1: officers and were paid by the English. At the same time,
• 24:05
  Speaker 1: they generally gave up some of their land altogether to
• 24:08
  Speaker 1: the English. The Indian Mutiny in the year eighteen fifty seven,
• 24:15
  Speaker 1: there was a terrible rebellion of the native soldiers all
• 24:18
  Speaker 1: over the north of India. It was partly a religious movement.
• 24:23
  Speaker 1: Some new guns were being used, and the cartridges fired
• 24:27
  Speaker 1: from them were greased with fat. The end of the
• 24:31
  Speaker 1: cartridge had to be beaten off by the soldiers. Now,
• 24:35
  Speaker 1: the Hindus and the Mohammedans were forbidden by their religions
• 24:39
  Speaker 1: to touch the fat of cows or pigs. It was
• 24:43
  Speaker 1: now said that the cartridges were greased with the fat
• 24:47
  Speaker 1: of these animals. The soldiers were told that this was
• 24:51
  Speaker 1: not true, but they would not believe the English. At last,
• 24:55
  Speaker 1: they were told that the greased cartridges would not be
• 24:58
  Speaker 1: used anymore. But then they began to think that the
• 25:02
  Speaker 1: shiny paper in which other cartridges were wrapped was also
• 25:06
  Speaker 1: polished by the same Greece, and the rebellion broke out
• 25:10
  Speaker 1: all over the north of India. The native soldiers attacked
• 25:13
  Speaker 1: the english men, women and children. There was a terrible
• 25:17
  Speaker 1: massacre at Conpore, and the lucknow was only saved after
• 25:22
  Speaker 1: a terrible siege. The English had been taken completely by surprise,
• 25:27
  Speaker 1: but the rebellion was soon put down. There were not
• 25:31
  Speaker 1: many English soldiers, but many of the natives remained faithful,
• 25:35
  Speaker 1: and when they took the Sepoys prisoners, it would not
• 25:39
  Speaker 1: have been easy to carry them with them. The English
• 25:42
  Speaker 1: were dreadfully angry too at the thought of their women
• 25:46
  Speaker 1: and children, and were not sorry to kill their prisoners.
• 25:50
  Speaker 1: After the mutiny, it was thought better that India should
• 25:54
  Speaker 1: be taken altogether from the East India Company, and saw
• 25:57
  Speaker 1: that company came to an end at last. Since then,
• 26:01
  Speaker 1: India has been ruled by a viceroy or representative of
• 26:05
  Speaker 1: the King or Queen of England. England now owns two
• 26:09
  Speaker 1: thirds of all the land of India, and the other
• 26:12
  Speaker 1: third is ruled by native princes. Under her. The king
• 26:16
  Speaker 1: is called Emperor of India. In India, the English people
• 26:21
  Speaker 1: have done very wonderful things which the natives could never
• 26:24
  Speaker 1: have done for themselves. Railways, roads and bridges have been built,
• 26:29
  Speaker 1: and it is now easy to get from one part
• 26:32
  Speaker 1: of India to another. In old days, when a time
• 26:35
  Speaker 1: of dry weather came, the land was burned up and
• 26:39
  Speaker 1: there was famine. But the English have made canals in
• 26:42
  Speaker 1: which water which has been stored up, can be carried
• 26:46
  Speaker 1: to the fields in dry weather. The population of India
• 26:50
  Speaker 1: grows very quickly, almost too quickly, for it sometimes seems
• 26:54
  Speaker 1: that the land would never give food for all. But
• 26:57
  Speaker 1: now the English have set up factory and many of
• 27:01
  Speaker 1: the people leave the country parts and work in the towns.
• 27:06
  Speaker 1: Bombay is famous for its manufacture of color staffs and
• 27:09
  Speaker 1: muslim Some people are even afraid that the cotton goods
• 27:13
  Speaker 1: made in India will take the place of those made
• 27:15
  Speaker 1: in Manchester and the great towns of Lancashire, and that
• 27:20
  Speaker 1: the cotton trade of that county will be ruined. These
• 27:24
  Speaker 1: cotton goods, and Indian tea and wheat are bought by
• 27:28
  Speaker 1: the countries of Europe. Many of the higher class of
• 27:32
  Speaker 1: natives come now to be educated in England, and some
• 27:35
  Speaker 1: of these young students think that India should be governed
• 27:39
  Speaker 1: by its own people. The English are allowing some of
• 27:43
  Speaker 1: the educated people to help in the government of their country.
• 27:47
  Speaker 1: But though it may seem strange that a little country
• 27:50
  Speaker 1: like England should govern a continent like India, with its
• 27:54
  Speaker 1: millions and millions of people, it must be remembered that
• 27:58
  Speaker 1: these people of India are of many different races, that
• 28:02
  Speaker 1: they don't seem able to join together in any way,
• 28:05
  Speaker 1: and that if England or some other European country hadn't interfered,
• 28:09
  Speaker 1: there might have been fighting and misery for centuries. Yet,
• 28:14
  Speaker 1: on the whole, the people of India and the natives
• 28:16
  Speaker 1: princes honor and respect Great Britain. And when King George
• 28:20
  Speaker 1: and Queen Mary paid a visit to India in the
• 28:24
  Speaker 1: year nineteen twelve, there was a great gathering of princes
• 28:28
  Speaker 1: at a durbar to do them honor. End of Chapter
• 28:32
  Speaker 1: thirty nine